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HomeMy WebLinkAbout055-250-036John ,Cuseo IPM, I AP455-25-36 Mitigation Measure 1. Limit- All <road cuts to 2 ft: and reseed with native grasses. Y 2. Limit fibs to 2 ft.maximum except where neededfor culvert" cower,. 3. Note on map: All groundwater must be potable and too", the requirements of Safe Drinking Water :Act..: 4. Note on map: Offset. impacts t6 ;fire` 'ser rices "in'clud i ny, but x not limited to, installation of ';2500�gallon hank on each p arcel,,. pressurized water, or, interior sptinklers'on all residential structures. , 5. Construct turnouts along Round Valley Ranah Road every „ 500 feet for passage of large trucks,. 6. Meet the requirements of Cal"Trans including installation of a public road approach at the intersection of Round Valley .� Ranch Road and Highway 191. <. 7, Limit homesIte'construction to areas of 20t slope or less. IV. 'ENVIRONMENTAL I CTS planatio'ns 0 a: "maybe" answer, arp,require. 'on attached shee't,( YES" MAYBE: EARTH." "'Will"the p,roposa .result in signidant a.-_Unstable ,•earth conditions or in changes':, in geologic sub, s t, r"u. ct u r e s? S;ruptiohs dtspla "'Ment5�,compaction o. : r' 6I­i , ovn , erpOverig, of-t the; soiA? 4. Change t - ,,, in - bgr ground xelefvfeatuxes^ 'totli-ff&ation d". De8truc. L,on,,- ..cqv'e,`Lnigor of any unique 900 pgic- or physical featUres?,., '.'in Incio'iii *in& or water,.� �' erose of S61 ether onj. :.or -,sltol,?. Changesf. d", in, eppsli Lon of.drosipfi_bf beach, andsot changes in Ai depoSLiti - or eto which may modifyOf a -1 : i SILon,:W C the, Channel 4 a river or stream or. the ;bLs f ocean or', A­or lake. any..y. g, - . a -rod_i_e to-ss o�t prime �., griCU; tUrally :,p cx t, v ;soils .4 Ut s ta designated urban areas,? h. P"Xpos.ui,-el..,o,f,.,,p,,eople, or ip"Toporty to ge,o)log:Lc ha:zards*'such_as eAith4uakes, landslidos,,mud- s -slides, ground f4i:lute or similar hazards,? Z. Alk., Will t4p, proppsal, -result, in,, stb,pstantial,.' :a Air', emissions or deterioration of ambient Air quality,.? b. The creation Ql'Objectionable -odots:, smoke or fumes? C. Alteration of air zoveni,eiit,, moisture, or P� ; : temperature 6 tany t hanire, in climate .1odally, or reg-iona y..q 3,WATER. Will the proposal ta ntia- r pos"lresult in subs 7,Changes 'iri currents bTthe,course or di TJa et 10 A, bf',Water movements: iftelth.OT- A X Tftarine,, or Iresh waters? b. ChOge§: in: absorpiion !rates drainage pattern's, or, the rate znd''amlpiuint of t'uTfdce runoff? mprove" Neede 's surf, � or osit 'f, 'e drainage, improve- me I nt s including _ ments,inc ngv&I ege . 4 3. on remov iiatibn or'CUPV'elrt iftstAllatibn? d, Alterations to th.e_courge or flow of flood, waters? e. Cljan�', the Change in amount of surface: Water ih,ny.A ;water body,';):' f. Discha"rge into surface waters, '' 0 in any alteratibri 6 L surface water i including quality, ng , , b: toLLtemperature, not61 ,dXyg 'o r tUtbjdity?L g. AlterationO,f the ditettioft6'rr rate:,, of flow grotnd, waters?; aLte rs�' ange. Or. ift. jh6 �4U t" quality ty L. groundwaters, either- through dire' t_ Al T�I C� ad ..t t ot:' of , er __i drawals,to,r trhtou' an, gh' In L aqui fer bY'r CUtS or OXCAVat:ions JL I ,OT 6t'h erwi''SO Reduction In te,amount0watl public b Water supplies? K t t 0 dater XPOSUre O'L :peop e, orr pr pe'r , a r -h Las related , h, z a such flood ng"' . ` O �AYEE YES h'N . 4 LATE. 1�i� 1 the 4 x.o osal result' in subs tan ial'3 P' P .:PLANT, a. :Change i the diver" ty o,f 'sp.ecies.$ or numbe+r of any! sg"e.dies o plants (' nclud%ng'trees, ` shrub ,..gxass ;" crop's and ; ;aquati.,c_ plants) ? b. Reduction of; thenumbers b anyunaqe,,,are, or'endangered species of plants? . c. Tntraduc..tion` oF. new ;species "of plants into an area., or in, a UarrIer: to the normal replenish- °'.. nen of �exist.na." spec�..es.'?- . , d. heducti.ot. in acreage; o,f any agricultural .crap? S,. ANIMAL LIFE., Will the proposal result in substantial: a. n ,the dig aTsi y' of .species;' ;ox 'numbers bf ;any, species o,f aniinals (bi.r`ds. , land 41111 mal, - �ncl�tding, rep tiles , :f�.s'sect and slier` dish', benthic uxgani says or 'rise tSIT, b. 'Reduction. In t,�e numbers 0 any uni,que',; rare or endangered specibs. of aninials? _ . c.;° Tntrgductioxi of new's'pecies a.f' ,an1mals into ''result in b4rri�'r to` the 'migr''ation an �a.rea or a ��. or movement' of animals? ..1�,_ .;..... d."eteriar'atioxi to e�cista:nga sly ox Asa ldlife hail 6 NOISE. S1iill the proposal xesult" in gulbstanti,al: ; a Increases in existing noise levels? b Expasure of people to severe "noise levels? .� 7: LIGHT AND GLARE: Will the proposal produce sign ,zcant lig 't acid glare?: 8.,. LAND USE. 11111 the proposal result in A su staritial altexation "af the present ox' P. annecl land use o,f an area,? 9. NATURAL 'RES:C)URGES.: Will the. proposal `esu t in substantial: A, Increase in , the rate of us.e", d4, any, natuiral resources'? --- b. Depletion, ofany non-r,e, ewabl:e natural" -esources7 X. ] -. RT;SiK CSF .UPSET.: Will the proposal involve,:,, a �q s -off enc losion or the r,ol ase of ,'hazard- P ous substances ( _., d' .bu't not lima ted to, I . o%1.,- �est�:ca.des, chemicals or nada anon) in the ,k event of an accident! ar upset conditions? X►. b Passible interference with an emergency respoitise plan or.emer'geney evacuation plan? ll. PdP,ULATION �'Ji;l,1 the pxaposal alter the 16ta'tion, stridensity, or growth rate ofthe human Population'? 1%. ROUST., 'Will the proposal affect oxisti.ng housing, or cre t.e .a dotand for additi,ona Housing,?' .' 777 YES 11AYBE NO �f 13. ,TRANSPORTATION/CIRCULATION" "Will' the prbpvsal result "in: a. Generation of substantial .additional; vehicle T ovement?'?L b. Effects' existing parking facilities, or .on demand for new parking? � c. Substant%al impact on ex1sting transportation sys hems ? -.- cl. Significant alterations to present patterns . p p` and/or of ca"rculatiunor,movementof elle .,;goods.. e. Alteations, to waterborne, rail, or air traffa ? r f. Increase in traffic hazards to motor veli�.cles; bicyclists or' ped"est'rians?. 14, PUBLIC SE'R'VICES. Will the proposal have an effect upon, or result in a need :for new ar altered governmental services: ; a. Pire pr otecton. b. Police protection's .— c, Schools? dq Park's a� other recreational fac 7.it, es? . e. Djainte hancer of public facilities, including ' roads? f. Other governmental services?, 15 ENERGY. Wil] the proposal result in: a, Use of Substantial amounts of fuel ,or energy? b.`, Substantial increase in demand upon; eXi8tin9 sources of energy, or,requre the development of'new sources of energy? lfi UT3LITIES.. Ijill the pr.aposal result i.n a need for nPW systems, or substantial a]ter.ations to the following: a+ Power or natural gas? b Coinmunicaticns systems?. Cr Water availability: d. Serer or septic tank?. e.` Storm water drainage? Solid 'waste and dispo 17,; 14m, 1 HEALTH,. Will proposal result i"ri: " reit—n of any healtx hazard or potent' a1 health }iaz:ax;d '�exclt d'ip menta health) b . Exp,osure of 'peopled. potential health ha;zards;? -- 18 AE5THETZ'CtS. iNill the proposal result in "the o" struts.on; of any "Scenic vista or vi ear open toy the pubs ic, o"r Mill -the proposal result s..n the c`r"eation of ll aesthetically offensive'site open ic to pub;iVleW? -4- , �i YES MAYB'E''NO =RECREA'i'TON. Wil I'' th'e ,prhosal result 'in arz impact upon` Che duality or ;auanit.y of existing zecxeatao�na� unit es?- ,ppor 20Ct7LTURAI; RESOURCES ,. ' a°7. ?Ni11 t F .pro osa] °xesult{; Vin. the alt era ;�G�.a;n f p off+ or, the de.s,tructior of a prehistoric; p,r historic archaeological .sate?,, b.: Will the proposal. resu�.t in• adverse phys2cl ox aesthetic effects`'to a;prehistoric or historic building, structure ax object? c. Does the p:roposail have the potential to ratiso a p.hysi.cal change which would affect unique � ethnYcs0ultural values? d.;. Wi l,l fihe prr�;posal res'tric eacst3ng e1.gzos` or sacred uses within the potential Impact area? fT. DI'SCUsST'ON. OF 'ENVIA0NMEN,' AL EVt1LUATI'OIV AP '55=25-36 ' See, attached.Ile - '.. r I. m I, ' °gip Tip � 1 7� . r a r " y� j a '� r > ' �i w NXti n x 7 > 9 A r Y � ° y i << r °v� y i d n a �7r � -, ^ � f ��, � t� `• ro 4}I � di AN AIRCHA96LOGICALL S OFTHE IRVEY JOIIE COSEQ PROPERTY LARVI SPLIT' AEAW11AFtADIS$ $iii TS •COITH?Yy CALIFORRIA by Alfred I'arber"• R A 5 PROf6giONAI ARChAOL(ogkAi snvicE5 6635 DuaII Way •Paradise, bA 95968` r �i prepared for Si$akA 'WEST' 308"��YIEG 537 H�'ack- �0 i,ve.:� D.ri,We . F`aradiae, Calforria 95969' Oe,t0ber, 1,9$6 , TflBLg OF CONTENTS IBtT`RODUOTTO�f CULTUNAL � • AND:.g9DIRoNH6TAL CORS$IT , ' . ' o ♦ : • ♦: • •, • •, • • • r "•' .', • • « e • • • al a ,: i •. 0.66gr4phio and Environmental Sitting. Bthnagrapmics gs0grouud . _'• ,. « a ♦.' , • , . ,. . « . . ,' . .'I. , • . . - . : . . ,' 8rohaoolc gicnl RAQ3Cgroivad Areal Hintory . • `, ,;• 4 N$SULTS OF %"9E TIGATIUg. 8eeordn..Soiti-dh Field'Survey ket1hods . « r,'. Survey Results . ., a ♦, • i 7 AR�GSliEHT RBOCs°.Nb1TlORS $FERBROSS CITED,, l1Kg� 1: ProjectLoo&tjon I rL� . iii I 1 i oil 4 1 INTRODUCTION A: land-use permit is being sought from the Butte County Planning C'ommissiom for the purpose of splitting 40 aer'es of land ae'ar Paradise into three rea�identiaX' p"areels 0 tw.o of W Ich will be 10 acres, a'nd one of 'which will be 20 acres. The Gali,tdrnia Environmental Quality Act(CEQ"A) contains provisions that ,require arehaeo'logical surveys, and inventories for those undertakings o4 privately he"l,d ;lands` in California ,that have the potential to affect ouitural (i. e. arehaealogical and historic) resources: The parcel in question `li-1 in a relatively rich arehae"ological district; a:nd thereF,ore" was' considered b;y Butte Coun"t"y Planning Department to be potentially senst3v:e with respect to cultural re;sour.o.es Accordingly, acting on the pr'cvis3ons'of CEQA-and 1oca1 ordinance; the Planning Deaartmerit reaommende:d that an ardihaeologic;al study be 'performed in 00hJunetion with the application for the use-permit. Acting on behalf of the landowner, Sie"r;r,a ,:est Surveying, Fa:radise", C�alifornI'd , contracted-.withProfessi:onalArchaeological Services (PAS), also of Paradise, to:)undertake tri archaeological records search and on-foot systematic archaeological survey of the property and to prepare this report of the results of the study. All work under the contract was performed by thea uthor ."between October 22 and 24, 1986: CULTORAL AND EN9'IRONMEETAL:CONTEXT Geographic Environmental. and Setting Tpe parcel is located in the western foothills of the northern Sierra Nevada Mountains a rox`imatel two'mile;a.south of PP y Paradise, Califor,ni'a; and occupies portions of ,the .southeast - quarter of;SOation 340Township 22N, Range 3E o#` the Cherokee 7.5f J;Sl1S (1970) topographic quadrangle (see Map 1, Projeet Loeaticti): Elevations on the parcel range frobi about 1,350 feet, (411 11 meters ), to just 1 under 00' feet (335 meters) abov-e; mea-n sea level. These elevations lie below the yellow pine that ,forests blanket much of tht, western slope of'the northern Sierra M, dA and" place t'he. ,parcel an'd the surrounding vici:hit! YL, taithin the C7pper S,onor';an li-zone. ` The biotic community ,enco'tnt f"e: ered within th n zone; is the' Foothill or Digger Pine-Chaparral Belt. Dominant plant.species �incl:ude, dig er gg pine' (Pin °' abiniana) i,riter3or live oak and blue oak (Quer.cus _wislizeni!i :,and d do.u' lasii); manzar a (Arctostanhvl"os. sp.), a;nd Ceanothus (Burcham. 1981:76, Storer andUainger: 196.3:23=34).` Other"1ant ss pecie. obs;erve'd on the parcel include densegrowths 'of poison oak (Toxicodendr'dhdiversilob.um Cf'ormeriy Rhus diye'rsiloba]) yel16 ra star thistle (Cen"t'aurea soastitialis), and grasses. This reg on dominated geologically,: by steep rivor canyons that have cut through basaltio. lava flows. These immense flow of black basalt, began some 1.5 to 20 . mill o years ago, and ran down major streams to form flat-bottomed 'valley floo'rs;. As, the flows ,became fragmented "'by erosion, mainly by rivers and their tr butaries, so'ffie of the basalt proved ;o be 'somewhat resistant, to ,er.osion. Nov, some �of these old valley f�.00rs,; consisting of sandy gravels topped by flat caps of hard, basalt, stand high above the s°urr.ound3ng landscape that has eroded away. Oroville!s, Table Mountain is ore o ' the hest, known of these flat "tati'lesn', in this region, the basalt. fIows comprise what is called the TuscanFormation (Al+t and. Hyndm�n- 1975:95.; Macponal;:d 1966371..)_. In the southern one-third of the study area, t:h'ere is little soil lopmon.t and" , basalt 1i�es at or near the round surfacensegThetlWestteathero t g, _ Branch of C311 ear Creeks a minor; ,intermittent watercourse, flows diagonallythrough the 'small southeastern cD'r.ner of `the prap;ert.y The sides :Df the Qanyon formed by this drainage are somewhat steep, and densely vegetated with chaparral interspersed by Dake, and: digger pines. Th,.e northern portions of the parcel are less ateep; but 40 densely vegetated as t'e be nearly impa'ssab;le. Ethnographie Ba4kga-ound ` The, project area lies within the.territor formed held b` _Y Y Y the Northwestern Maidu'.or Konk`ow Indians. Several, groups of people who spoke dialects of the Northwestern Maid' language inhabited much of the Sacra-ento Valley ;east of i the Sacramento River, and adjacent portions of: the Sierran foothills from about Sutter Buttes in the south to a point several miles, north of Chico (Riddell 1978:370-372). The Konkow aro linguistically related to the' N'ortheastern' or Mountain 'Maidu who lived in the upper Feather 'River drainage basin as f'ar east as the Sierran crest, 'and the Southern Maidu or Nisenan who occupied portions of mountains and the central valley to the south N theithin the Re°ar, Yuba, and Ameriean`,River drainage basins (.Riddell 1.978',370- 309; Wilson and Towne 19.78:387»388). eoliectively, these three Maiduan-speaking divisions comprised one. of five ling,--I tie families within. the California Pe,nutian linguistia'stock (R cidell 1978:370; Shipley 1963).' Kroeber (1932) and Merriam (1966) further divide the N orthwestern Maidu into local bAnds ' or "tribeletsft. Trib elets are, defined a,s, consisting of one, or more federated" vil ages united undera; single ' headman `'who 'teas ; ofte,n assisted in his of�f3ee,by' 1e16ser offioials and a eoune�il sof elders Most trbelet leaders "ruled► byr virtue `of' their. wisdom, experience; gh a, andlevel 'of respe;;et.. rather than- throu n real autho.r3ty Y tiibelet,s. were distinguished• on the basis of location minor variations °in, dialect, and ,internally porceived sociopolitical differentiation>. The Kohkow t,ribelcen led the 16th lls Z �Ithin the upper Butte Creek and portions "of, t -h eFeather, .River.' drainages (K' eb'o 1'925:392)r while 'the Miohopdo "(also called 'Miehoopda) claimed portions of the valley around the present-day oity of '' Chico, a`nd are believed to have foraged" within'the foothills a, ft, miles east: of Chica 3ncluding,the ].ower reaches of Butte Creek (Merriam 1.966:315).` The two groups; may; have spoken 'slightly different dialects, bu,t were likely to 'ii ave beep interrelated by iilood.and marriage. ® The Ko"nkow, pre'ferr'ed to locate their major villages atop the crests of` ridges high above the rivers, or part of the way down ■ the, walls of the canyons on. mid -slope benches,` par.tioularlyWhere there were springs (Dixon 1905:175)• From the a villages or base camp's,, they exploited virtually every environmental niche available to them. Arohaeolo ;gidal Bad kground prehistoric• sequence that ostensibly represents -Maid Prehistory,, has been developed frgm excavations in two ocalities in the western foothills of the Sierra Nevada. On the basis of investigations within the Oroville Locality, (Olsen and Riddell 1963; Ritter 1970)t a five -phase sequence was suggested. Tb.e most recent phase is :represented by the Ristori'e Complex that elear'ly exemplifies the ethnographic NorthwesterO Maidu.'The Orovlle complex occupied, the pro"tohistoric period from about A.D, 1830 to '1500: The Sweetwater Complex predates the Oroville Complex from about A.A. 800 to 1500'. The Bidwell Complex dates from about A.D. 1 to 800. Preceding the Bidiwell Complex is the somewhat enigmatic Mesilla.comp[lex (Ritter. 1970:173 .s The'Mesilla Complex has been eo"mpared to'the eontonp6raneou Martis Complex of the' Sierra Nevada Mountains on the basis of similarities in litho technology, although 01sen and Riddell (19 3:11 52) still find sufficient d, eren:ees t1 o consider the 2 Mesiila and i�iartis Complexes to be d3stinet, �y Markley ,(1978) and Ritter:(1970) agree that there appears to be .an. u:nbrok;en culturalsequence for at. least the last 2,00;,0 years in the Oroville Locality, suggesting that ;all four of the post' -Melilla Complex expressions might be ancestral to the, 'Maidu or a closely related culturalgroup: Humphreys (1969)-` described a three' -phase sequence ,for the Hullards Bar area located to the south ;of the Orovil1e Locality in ,what was formerly Nisenan territory Bu.11,a'rds Bar h represents the earliest phase, and seems equivalent in ag.e and character to the ;Martis and Me"siilaComplexes. Bullards Bar, hI, dated r-�o'ugh ybetween, and. `100=1500; seems o be ' somewhat. a uivalent to the Sweetw q at"er Eomple"x of the Or'oville Locality. Bil,lards Bar IL7 is the most recent expression, and is presumed to 'repre sent .the ethnagrap"hie Niseban. 3 1 7771- (i �YUIYU"T y� t f� R!eeen t1Y,, Farber : ' (1982x, 198<2b) has presented. w"h;at he believed to b:e ey`cienee that tha; Martis Complex, is.aorrfine.d exe,lusivel,y to the eastern slopes 'of the (Sierra 'Nevada;. that and during this earl d of preYiistory"', tki,ase y Pero tures that Odcupi;ed the western, slopes were more closely `related t'o th;1. Mesilla Complex, e of the Oroville Locality than the Martis COMPI Fa.r,ber also" speculated hat the Mesi''lla Complex might' represent an ancestral Maiduan Qultu're or a closely) related; penutian:- Speaking group: Othle:r� researchers (ef., Clewlow et a1. i984; E1;ston et ial. 7984; Peak and ,Assooia>tea. 1983,). have regarted the results of'site excavations . on western scopes .the of t"he Sierra Nevada that apparently a:upport these speculati-ons".i,_ Finally,, A 41should be mentioned that' the Melilla Cam 1e�C is named after ar;ebaeol,ogical assemblages reoovered,:from Messilla Va'iley located, just five milea south . and east of the project area. Areal Histor,r, Among "the initial penetrations of the upper Sacramento Valley' region. by Europeans was that of the Spanish explorer Gabriel Moraga, who in 180$, explored.the lower reaches of Feather River, perhaps as fa'r north as Sutter BU l:es_. Captain Lugs ArgIn l i2el'lo led an expedition into the foothills east Of Oroville, and gave the Feather River its name (Yariss, attd Smith 18.82;1'44145)'. By 1,828,- and throughout the nekt two decades., Hudson s Bay Company and America"n Fur Company tra"PAers were active within 'Konkow tribal` territory (Wells 19'7 3:12 8) . and Ctna'mbers Tn 18414, Mexican Governor Manuel Miche"ltoreria issued several' land grants, within no; thern California.Peter Lassen was awarded a grant on Deer Creek,part of which extended into northern Butte County. That same y6ar, Edward A. Farwell and Thomas Fallon settled on the Farwell grant, the eastern ,b,oundary.;of which, cuts through present-day Cbia0 ,I T;n 1847, grantee John, B3 dwell settled on his 'Famous estate .in Chico, (Wells and Chambers 1,9 1 -'2$ ' 73: 129). In March-,Bidw 1848, ell dseov.ered gold 'on; the Feather River, and a rush into the area axon. ensued (Wells; and Chambers 1973:129). The Konkow were among themany valley -dwelling; groups of people who were affected by the 1833 malaria epidemic,tkiat swept through t;he valley killing (� as many. as 75� of the native; people in its path (Cook 1955(: 322) L' The ''were Konkow never able to reeove.r sufficiently fri this czatk teophe to effectively resist the assault on their country by; the gold rusYers.' The initial liostilifty between whites and the Konkow; probably oaeurred Well before the gold rush iri 1'$4'3., when a party of` travelers Bred on the T'ndians (.>7idwe'll 1 g06:"75-79, [as cited -in` 4 4 , . � (herefore, r 1 A unsu Y e f - tabl or mortar Dupe. _. The h1Y a Parts oF, the seeti ° Argperty on Which frau n g was practio,al were' the a:,yeas '� eccuth� of, Round Valle north of the Canyon. t Y Ranch Road and In th�.se areas, Parallel transe;ots, spaced about 15 t!.o 20' meters apart„ were walked" frosm east toaest They were walked in zigzag Fashion to maximize ground au'rfaee coverage. The; sla,pes bore ''were'! moderate azd was open grassland with:a f'ew oaks and di most of this area Much` BEer pines iritersp:ersed. of the basalt, gro►and surface consisted of : expo;sed,' weathered Sfureey Rest�l is Twa historic isolated fea.t;ures Were noted but not recorded No other cultural resources were" ;obse,rved / One of the obsei+ve'd Fea"tures eonsis'ts o;F a rock wall. I can be located by starting at the:southwestern corner of the preperty, and walking eastward along the southern bounddp ary X00 fe°et. The low, unmortared wall runs 100 feetr:toward magneto north, t" where it turns westwa'f�d to true north and runs an additional 30 feet. Another, shorter stone wall begins abo feet 'to the northwest, and a hint of` ut 40 a p;ossi:.ble Foundation outline lies ad jaaeat to it« I�Iowev'er, these scalls were " not forzaaljy recorded s hoe they aiparently ,are unaosoe,iated with any clear evidence of a structure or settlement such foundations or fl as well-defined , dumps, eta.,ats, fig trees or orchard. trees,_ corrals,`aras'h ' The abseryed lies to the north. of Round Valley, Ranch oRoad, about. 100 yards east ofthe Wei $tern bo.undaAr'operty Y• collapsed (idozed .e. buil ) ofs'small ,woodo,atruoture«the remains The building ,materials, eonstrutti.oin methods, and th'e eleatrie power connection box "a11<' in" this structure ;loos dieate, that quite modern and recent and therefore no his"torically signifiraant. ' t 'MANAGE ENT R9009MEND�ITIOAS: In the absence of significant ;cultural resou,roes on the Cusco property, archaeological clearance is recommended. It is 'additionally reoom,Mend'ed that ;.i:f d'evelopment. cif` the: property reveals the presence of archaeological or his;toria rem"cine" not; obs:erve;a duirih the Iire§crit survey, �rork� on" that locus should. cease until a qualed JIproFessi;onall arahaeolog3st can be consulted'to evaluate the s'ignifieanae of the resource and' recommend, appropriate mitiga't'3,ve measures « �" T i RBFBRSHCES .CITED" Alt, 'David D. avd Donald W. gyndman 1'975 Roadside geology,, of northern California, Mountain Kress Publishing CompAny Missoula, Montana. Bu a,ham, h. T. 1'981 C.al3fornia range land. C'en';ter for Arcli:aeologieal Research at.Aavis Publication 7. (Fitbt publi hed in 1951 by California DiVi9 on of Forestry). C.lewlow,, C. W. Jr., R. D. Ambro, A, G Paatron, S. G-. Botkim, and M. R. Walsh 1984 Stage -II final report forCAS- NOV W4o7 archaeological data reco"v'er.y prpgram.; Repast on file, California Department of., Transportation,, Mary villa, Cook, Sherburne: F. 1955 The epidemicof 1830,-1833 in Califor.n3a and Oregon. University of California ''Pub.lications t in AIM erioan, Arehaeology,And'Ethnology'43(8):3Q3-326. R®rkeley. Dixon, Roland B. 1905 The Northern Maidu American Museum of Natura] History Bulletin11' XVII:119'-346', Elston, Robert, C. D. Ze'ier,° S. Stornetta`, L. Crittenden, and B. Brown " 1984 An analysis of certain lithic specimens from CA-Nev- 407, Nevada County, California,, 'in Stag+9 II "final report for CA-yev�-4,07 archaeological data recovery program, edited b 06 Clewlow Volume 110 Appendix, II. Report on file, California Department of Transportation, Marysville. 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