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HomeMy WebLinkAbout84-45 MOOSEBERRY/ BURREU GPA/REZ 8 OF 12, , Page 2-i,8, `Sec 4,3-3(f), Issue%Policy The Butte County Schoi�l District sha�ild Pae ?- r g 18, Sec 4,3-3(f), Issue f Policy work closely with owners of lttgging;trucks and school busses ,regarding placement of The .Butte County School Districts ,Should work closely with owners of logging trucks citizen, band radios on school, busses for communications with: logging gg truck and school busses regarding placer.�ent of citizen band radios on school busses for g operators, reduction in speed of la r gging ! trucks during hours when children coinmun%cati ons with logging truck operators, reduction in speed of logging are waiting for or exiting ,School busses gnat notification about school bus routes. trucks during hours when children are waiting for or exiting school busses, and notification ,about _school bus :routes= Page 2-19, Sec 4.3-5 (a)< Implementation; The County shall support the California A g e 2- c Page. 19, Sec 4.3-.! a (`) Implementation. De partment ofFood and. Agriculture in its DELETE (Already being dene trader State lav,) proposal for reporting of total pesticide use iri a griculture and forestry, Page 2-19, Sec. 4.34 (a)Implemerit}.ation: The CountyP shall encourage Page 2=19, Sec. 4.3-7(a)Implementation. lementati the Department of Forestry to cQnduc an, inventory of, on• (CIIANGi� ) The County shall encourage the Department of Pore i existing and potential VI kgin and residual stands of old growth forest inventory of yew trees and existing conduct an d on private timberlands in. Butte County. potential virgin and residual stands ' growth forest al standsof old on private ds h .Butte County; - Page 2.20, Sec. 4.3-5 Issue Poli c}%. Landowners adjacent to timberlands shall i Page 2-20, Sec. 4 3-3 Issue Policy. she educated regarding the regulation of, and thed Potential timberlands r)shall be nn ��e n ens adjacent to regarding the j short-term. nm acts t } P . a,,socnated with umber harvestri g regulation of, and the potential short-term impacts operations. associated with, er harvesting Operations,, - - Page 2-20, Sec, 4.8-8(b).. Implementation, P. The CountyAssessor shall record Page 2-20 Sec. 4.3 - Pa () g $ b •Implementation: noti kation in deeds for land .ad acen (DELETE) timberlands that timber harvesting mto a occur On adjacent, property, This notification would serve to warn landowners of potential nuisance ef(�cts$ visual impacts from p c Jearcuttirg, and impactsre from Prescribed p rived vurning associated withtimbdi harvest. operations. Page 220, Sec., 4.3-5(c). Implementation. .Page 2-20, Sec. 4.3-8(c). Implementation, An educational program shall be (DELETE) developed for owners of properties Adjacent to timberlands regarding the, use of the clearcut si,lvicultuial, system, prescribed burning, and herbicides in forest management in ;Eutte County. The educational system shall be develop«:d by an interdisciplinary education team composed of representatives from timberland ownerships, environmental groups, and agencio� of government; Page 222; Ser, 4.4-7; L..,µ,IWPalicY. _ Page 2-22,_Sec. 4.4-7.:Issues/Policy. Prior to approval of any mining permit, (CHANGE) Prior to approval of any appropriate .noise measurements shall be mining perinit, appropriate noise modeling conducted. to ensure strict compliance with or estimates shall be 'prepared as part of standards of the County Noise Element the environmental documents so that the for Land UseCompatibility forproject can comply `«rith County :Noise Community Noise Environments. Standards: Page 2-23; Sec. 4.4-11. Issues/Policy. Page 2-u3. Sec 4:4.11. Issues/Policy. The County shall enact an ordinance (RE` VRI'TE) County shall consider' prohibiting mining activities; in eteas of carefully, the pros and cons of allowiung, 'rime Agriculture (Class 1 and 2. Solis) mining activities in areas of prime and Williamson. Act land. agricultural land. (Class 1 and 2 Soils.) Maintenance of agricultural_ production should be the first consideration, Page 2-23 Sec 4.4-13)' Issue/Policy. Pae 2-23, Sec 4,4-13 'issue/Policy. Asa condition of approval of any mining IAM) As a condition of approval Of any permit, a bond shall be posted or some mi ing permit? a. bond shall be posited or other financial means secured to require some other financial xiacans secured to that any private or public access road used require that. any private or public access in conjunction. with a mining_ttperation ba road used' in conjunction with a mhiing maintained in optimum conditions ,during, operation be nnaintained in optimum operation, and, returned to its :former � conditions during: operations and returned standard when mining operations are to its former ;standard when mining completed: Operations pe ations are completed. This include my :roads used to haul materials from quarry to customer, _ 4 n Pa,ge 2-24, Sec, 4.5-5, Issues/Policy: a watershed 'Page 2-24, Sec. 4.5.5, Issues/Policy. (ADD) The County shall initiate a T'1n� . study that includes Awa watershed mapping, watershed study that includes W Itershed I ,, � Y p adversepimpactsn anal sis of potential, develo ment, and a,Y p de Aping, analysis of upstream development, and analysis o£ potential water, quality The watershed study should 'watershe adverse impacts in water c{uality The t stud should identlf and Y S ire mitigation measures identify and require to reduce the, production of water , require mitigation measures to reduce the production of water polluting wastes and ollutin wastes. p " conservation measures to reduce water } Waste. 4 } Page 2 24, Sec,. 4.5-6, Issues/Policy. -_ of 4 Sea Page 2-2 , 4.5-6, Issues/Policy. ciIAI`1 E Investi _ tions of th�M effects C � � All investigations of the effects contaminants on the County's water - of contaminants on the Count water resources shall be supported. resources shall be supported: Page 2-2:i-, Sec. 4.5-1, Issues%Police. Page 2-25, Sec.. 4.5-7, Issues%Polio+, (GIII�NGE) The obtainment of The obtainment of addition;tl Water T st fislweres tppltes,shall�iol.ad�erselya£feci� additio►zal water supplies shall not . the fisheries or result o� ° result in the desl:rucdott of wildlife, adversely affect .in y haneed bNv�i,tat or ti�►ater habitat. heseon butohumanlffe pp shall also be supplies considered. page "' -'� 6 :Sec..; 4,6-1(b)3)� Page 2.26, Sec. 4.6-1 Imple..Mentation• - Setback-of 1000 feet from Implementation. (CIi.A1VGE) A minimum setback of 250 A minimtun ticat areas such as deer migration A feet from critical areas such h5 deer migration corridors and fawning'areas. A corridors, and fawning areas. minimum setback of burldangs of 2-�0 feet from. the ` minimum setback of buildings of 150 feet - high water line of ati�y year-round stream+ A. setback of buildings of 200 from. l.he yzgl -water line` of ariy year- round stream A minimum setback o£ minimum P feet from deer shelter areas, buildings of 1.00 feet from deem shelter ..areas:. Pae 2-2g, Sec. 4.6-2 im lementation g P Page 2 , _ ,6=2, Implementation. 28 Sec. 4 I % (Move Page 2 Lo, Sec, 4.6-3, ssue Prllc}► (None) to Page 2.28, Section 4.6-2, I'mpl ementat, 41 The County shall continue to apdate data on irtigrato y deer in. Butte County: page 2.25, Sec: 4,t5.34 Tssttes/Policy, y , F . to u date data The Gtunt shall eonl,inu� Updam Page '2,25, See, 4,6-3, issues/Paliicy. (Moved. to page 1-28, Se:; 4.+ -2, on migratory' deer in .Elutte County, Itn Implementation, Page 2-2$ Sec 4.6-3 (a), County shall develop 77he Coun :,, Pa �� a g 2- 28 Sec 4.6-3 (a), Implementation. a program for 'updating data on, deer populations in (.DELETE Butte County, Ti '� program shall include updating of migratory deer herd range maps for butte county thAt include °rd .1`, boundaries, Winter range, summer range, critical winter range, critical summer range, major migration.ro;ntes, ;known- (TWCal fawning areas, and knovm holding areas. Data on migratory deer in Butte County shall be obtained through consultation with the CDFG andreview of other pertinent studies. _ Page 2-30, Sec. 4.6-9(c), Implementation, A. Butte County Adviso Chou on ry Pae 2- g 30, Sec, 4.6=9(c), Implementation.. ' P ardwood rangelands ,shall be established. The Advisory (DELETE) Not necessary If implementation 4.6 9(b) is done. Committee shall be composed of representatives from the CDF, State Board of Forestry, University or California. Coiperative ,Extension, CDFG and Butte County. Page 2'30, See 4.6-10 Issue%Policy: and owners and developers shall be Page .. 2- 30, Sec 4.640. Issue/poli ey" educated regarding the value and Land owners and developers shill be informed regarding the management of hardwood rangeland. resources, value and management of hardwood rangeland rescifirces and Hazards such as oak root fungus associated with. convert ing oak groves to 'orchard use. Page 2-31, Sec. 4.6-10(c), Implemenntatior,. The County shalt support Page 2.31, Sec. 4.6-10(c), Impleznent<ttio non-profit organizations such as the Butte, (DELETE), Environmental Council, in develo rnent of symposiums and educational' programs On coriversip of � ardwood _rangelands and h oak management t in urban ;areas: fi r Page 2-33, Sec 4.6-13(h), Implementation., Page 2-33, Sec 4,.6-13(h), Implem�; ntation. (NOi E) (NEW) The County shall requixe a permit prior to grading or land leveling that will eliminate or, modify any t recognized vernal pool, marsh or wetland; Permit process must involve Mosquito { Abatement, CDFG, Public Works as well as Planning; i a Page 2-34; Sec. 4.6-14, IsSrue/Policy. Page 2-34, Sec. 4;644, Issue/Policy. The County shall encourage and support (CHANGE) The County shall take an efforts by the state and federal active role in supporting efforts by the governments and private organizations to state and federal governments and private acquireK Wildlife Areas, Wildlife organizations to acquire Ivey Wildlife Vanagement Areas, Limited and Rare Areas, Wildlife :Management areas j 1 ,bitats, and unique Natural Areas for Limited and Rare Habitats, and U,,nique t' the 'permanent protection. of significant Natural Areas for the permanent habitats and rare., threatened, orprotecdon of significant habitats and rare, endangered plant and animal species.. threatened; or endangered plant, and animal species. Page 2-35, Sec. 4.7-4(a)�, Implementation.: Page 2-35, Sec. 4.74(a), Implementation, (NONE) (NEW).'County bus routes and schedules shall be reviewed and porssibly revised to encourage greater use by both occasional, riders and commuters. Connections should be established 4ith inter-county (greyhound), Butte College, and city systems: Page7, 'Sec,, 4.8-6(a) Implementation, Page Z .57; Sec. 4.8-6(a) Implementation, (NONE-) (NEW) Modifications shall be made M' enforcement practices of the Building, Code in rehabilitation of designated landmark structures to facilitate keeping the structure true to period. Such modification shall not seriously Imp public safety, Page 2-38, Sec. (5-3.3), Issue/Policy. Page 2-381 Sec. (5.3.3), lssue/Policy, The County shall protect against (CHANGE) The County shall evaluate subsidence r esulting from groundwater, g f the Potential for subsidence resulting from ctrl, and gas resulti roun�`�ater, oil and ns withdrawal. g � f g, Page 2-42; Sec. 5.7.1, Issue/Policy The County shall „provide for a hea thy safe, and economical system, for disposal of solid waste. Page ?=42, Sec. (5.7-3), Issue/Policy.. (NONE) Page 2-44, Sec. 6.2-6, Issue/Policy. The County shall adopt a Quimby Act ordinance. Under the Quimby Act; ;any land, fees, or combination,' thereof must be used to develop new or rehabilitate existing neighborhood parks, community parks, or recreational facilities to serve future subdivisions. Page 2- 4, Sec. (6.2=8) Issues/Policy, (NONE) �i Page 2-42, Sec, 5.7-1, Issue/Policy (CHANGE) The County shall provide for a healthy, safe, and economical system for disposal of solid waste, domestic liquid waste, industrial liquid waste, and chemical waste. Page 2, 42, Sec. (5.7-3), Issue/Policy, (NEW) The County shallprovide for an economical system: for disposal of hazardous agricultural, industrial, and household %aste and; containers, including, but not ,:limited to, -oil, solvents; paint, chemical containers, sacks, etc. Page 2-44, Sec. 15.2-6, Issue/Policy, (CHANGE) The County shall adopt a Quimby Act ordinance, Under the Quimby Act, any land, fees, or combi►iation thereof must be used to develop new or rehabilitate existing neighborhood parks, community parks, or recreational facilities to serve. future subdivisions, Recreational or public access may be required as a condition of development. This �i hall. be considered a - negotiated agreement for access or use. Page 2-44 Sec. `('6,241) Issues/Policy:. (NEW) Nothing in this eluent shall oe construed to provide public keess through Of onto private land;; except where such access or use is negotiated NVI the oner(s). ENERGY page. 3-11, Sec. (3.5-4) b). 7Page 3-11, Sec. (35-4) b). Industrial, applications of cogeneration (CHANGE) Industrial app lications of facilities should not be permitted within cogeneration facilities should not be 1.000 feet of a residence or other sensitive permitted within 1000 feet of a residence landuses such as schools, hospitals, or or other sensitive land uses such as nursing homes, nor shall new sensitive schools, hospitals, or nursing homes, nor uses be permitted near existing facilities.. shall new sensitive uses be permitted A ,greater distance may bt; necessary due 'within 1060 feet of existing facilities. A to localized' conditions such as prevailing greater distance may be necessary due to wind direction and speed: localized conditions such as prevailing wind direction and speed; Page -12, Sec. 3.6.4 Page 3-12, Section. 3.6.4 Decreases in groundwater supply could ... Decreases in groundwater supply could result in vegetation Diss, deeper wells, result in vegetation loss, deeper wells, land su.bsidence,and !.a overall loss of land subsidence,and an overall loss of available water supply l fAr the county#, available water supply for the county, as well as changes in water quality. Page 3-22, Sec. 3.11-5 Page 3-22, Sec. 3:11-6 (NODE) (NEW) Transmission lines will be located in accordance with EMF standards as may be adopted by the 'State or Federal governments. Page 3-29, Sec. 3:12-12 page 3-29, sec. 3.1242 ' Landsca. ping should be required and (ADD) :Landscaping should bf, .required designed for new commercial and public and designed for new commercial and p arkin lots in order. that 50 percent of P . ublic arkin lots in order that- 50 - p p g the paved surface would be shaded Nvithi;n, percent of 'the paved surface would be 15 years, Shaded within 15 years. Individual pati:king space size and the number of spaces' required shall be flexible ('within +/- 1090) to accommodate saving existing trees on the;. site to be developed.: i f NATURAL RESOURCES Mage 4-14, Sec. 4.2-1 (b) (NONE) Page 4-14, Sec. 4.2-1 (b) (NEW) The County shale require agricultural easements (setbacks) in new develppment[ adjacent to agricultural uses existing or poteritial. These setbacks shall be at least 100 feet. These setbacks shall be entirely at the expense of the new development and not at the expense of adjacent agricultural; land. Page 4-15; See 4,2-4 (b) _ Butte County should develop a court h'- page 4-15, Sec 4,2.4 (b) (DELETE) wide za,nixrg overlay system for Transfer Development ;Rights (TDR). The TDR zone designation would be applied, to: valuable agricultural land threatened by developent pressures. The development rights of this land could be Purchased and transferred to another location where development is more appropriate Page 4-26 4,3-3 (g) (1VONE) Pa Page 4-26 4.3-3 (g) - ( ) County NEW The C:oun Shall implement - � a requirement that -any -,land, public or private, proposed for timber harvest be surveyed for the presence of Westem Yew or other medicinal trees. Provision; shall be Made for harvest or preservation cif such. trees for medicinal or propagation purposes. Page 447 Sec, 4.3-3 (h) (NONE) Page '4-27, Sec. 4.3-3 (h) (NEW) The County shall request the Board of forest to adopt County �' P ty rules and :regulations Page 4-40, Sec, 4,4-11, Issues/policy,Page The County shill enact an ordinance 4-401 Sec 4.4=1`, issues%policy,. i i , . prohibiting , numng activities in areas of, Prune Agriculture (Glass 1 end 2 Soils) (RE�VRITE) County Shall consider carefully the pros and cons of allo�r�an and Villiamson. Act land. 'maning activities in areas of riYn ' p agricultural land, (Class 1 and 2 Soils) lvtaintenarice ofgricuiWal production should' be the first cohsideration.. Page age 444, Water Suonly Page 4-44, Whter S ,11 r Domestic water, supply in the county is (CHANCE) Domestic water supply in managed by local coater companies and the county is managed by local wetter Districts. This water supply includes companies and Districts. This coater water for, drinking, residential, and supply includes water for drinking, commercial uses. Currently there are no residential, and commercial uses. problems with domestic coater supply, Currently there are drought related supply however the growth .rate in the more problerns for areas served by local. urban centers of the county may warrant watersheds. The growth rate in the more -some consideration of future domestic urban centers of the county may warns t water demands, A, significant portion of some consideration of future domestic domestic water is obtained through private water demands. A significant portion of f residential wells. although some residents domestic water is obtained through private have bad to increase the depth of their residential wells. Although some raidents i wells, there are no areas of serious have had to increase the depth of their overdraft identified in, the couhty. ('Milt i�Vells, there are no broad areas of'serious 14cVi6kers, personal communication). overdraft identified in. the county. (Milt j McVickers, personal communication). There is evidence of localized overdraft in foothill "hard rock" areas. Page 4-45, Provision of Domestic W_,,_at,_r Page 4-45, Provision of Domestic Water i S'u�S-unc�l'� The California Safe Drinking Watler Act The California Safe Drinking Water Act i ensures clean drinking coater for they state. ensures clean drinking water for the state. The provision of domestic water in the 'The provision. of domestic water in the county, is regulated by the State county is regulated by the State Department of Health Services if the Department of Health Sen�ices if the project exceeds 200 service connections, project exceeds 200 service connections, while the Butte. Count), Department of, while the Butte. County Do nartment of Environmental Health regulatesprojects Environmental .Health ret res projects nvolvin less than ' 200service invo- lviing less than :r, service connections. In addition, AB 1.803, passed connections. Effective I ,` ''a, water in 1;085, "requires, monitoring of public supply systems serving 1 w art 200 drinking water wells for organic chemicals. service connectimis will Y r,: �, . rated by . the State Department of. i kServices unless'the State, by co'nti,, .' delegates -responsibility to the, County. 12 � ij' g _ ( Pae 4-47 Contamination P age 4-47 Contamination � Water can become degraded, through (CHANGE) Water can become degraded ( contamination. Some of the'water through contamination. Some; of the ' contaminated, "n the county can be water contaminated in the county can be attributed to septic tanks, agricultural attributed to septic tanks, agricultural pesticides, and mining operations, ... pesticides, industrial processes and mining ... If a new development cannot meet operations..., the acreage requirement, ,it is constrained .,. If a new development cannot meet i to incorporation into the city's sewage the acreage requirement, it is constrained sateri* ,y; to incorporation into the city's sewage system. The Regional Water Quality Control Board has adopted a Basin Plan Amendment that requires the provision of public sewers to the entire Chico Urban i Area by July 1, 1995. The County has also developed a I-lazardotis Materials Emergency Rasponse Plan to fulfill the requirements of this bill. Public drinking water wells are required to be monitored for organic cheirucals as per 'The California Safe Drinking Water Act; ,, ,Page 4.49, Sec 4.5-9 Page 4-49, Sec 4,5--9- (NONE) (NEW) Groundwater shall not be exported from the County, Page -53, (Col. b 2nd para.) Pae 4 Page 4-53, (Col. b 2nd para.) The stored water, is delivered during (CHANGE) The stored water is delivered gati on customers, summer to irrigation during summer to irrigation customers and g other Califoma water project customers. 4 • b 3 ) Page 4-61, Sec.() a S e ' g c, 4,6-1(b)3) Implementation. A minimum setback of 1,000 feet from Implementation. Impementa+ (CHANGE) A minimum setback of ' 0 mi critical: areas such as 'deer migration feet Froin, critical. ':areas such as deer , corridors and fawning areas. A minimum migration corridors and fawning areas. A setback of buildings of 250 feet from the rrum.mtrm setback of buildings of 15th feet 'high water lute of any year-round stream. from the high waster line of any Year- A minimum setback of bufldings of '200 round stream. A mfiuinum setback of feet from. deer shelter areas, buildings of 100 feet from deer shelter areas. Page 2-30, Sec 4.6-10 Issue/PolicY� Page 2.301 Sec 4,640. Iss d/P0ii . I3 ,y kL IY _ .RECREATION ELEMENT Page 6-2, Sec 6.1.2 Page 62, Sec: 6.1.2 (Nl1W) County facilities - Butte County Fairgrounds, Gridley, Facilities, buildings, R.V. Camping, reunion facilities, receptions, dinners, etc, available by reservation and rental fee.' Page 6-10, Sec. 6.2-1 Page 6-101 Sec. 6.2-1 (NEW, renumber following policies) NotKig in this element shall be construed to allow public access toprivat�W nand Without the consent of the owner or unless a negotiated and defined easement is granted to the public (County). Public access allowed or negotiated shall .not constitute vested interest in the access fti any action involving adverse condemnation. Page 6-10, Sec: 6.2-2 a) Regional Recreation Coordination shall ,Page 6-10, Sec, 6.2-2 a} (DELETE) i be assumed by the Plannin- Department, .some other app top ty agency or a nevi. County posi+ Page 6-11, Sec: 6,2-,,, Page 6-11, Sec. 6:2-4(4) Regional Recreattun Coordinator, the (DELETE) County shall work with the Recreation Districts, and all pertinent state and, federal agencies to locate and map the county's trails systems. This informadoft shall be made available to ;the pul?lie. Page 6-110 Sec 6.2-5 a) Page 6-li, Sec 6,2-5 a) As Regional Recreation Coordinator, the County shall wank with developers and (CI3AI GE) The County shall Work with developers Recreation Recreation District representatives to and District representatives to assess the appropriate assess the appropriate land dcreage, fees, land acreage, £ees, or combination tlieireof' or combination_ thereof to enhance and - i to enhance and contribute, ute to recreational. ,n contribute to recreational opportunities t County.In additio n the Count sha opportunities in the County, In addition, tme implement the adopted Quimby Act P y t the County shall' implement the adopted QtVmby Act ordinance which appiies to ordinance which applies to the unincorporated Chico Urban Area. the unincorporated "Chico U ban .Area, 15' kL Page 6141 6.2-7(a) Page 6-11 6.2-7(a) ThE; County shall establish and map an, (DELETE)61_ Open Space Overlay Zone to identify areas that should be preserved ' as open space. OPENSPACE' Page 7-6, Sec. 7.2-4 Page 7-6, Sec., 7.2-4 The County shall support all state aad (CHANGE) The County, shall support all fed.eral legislation designed to preseresponsible.rve soil. and agricultural h reasonable and, state and federal, legislationpreserve preservation of agr.culturallandone of s dB soil and riculturallaandmake the highest goals. reservation of agricultural land one of its highest goals. Page 7-6, Sec 7.24(5) Page 7-6, Sec 72-4(5) Establish a Joint Powers Authority (JPA) (DELETE) with the incorporated cities to permit , "transfer development rights" (TDR), also ' known as "development credits",, where density can be transferred from agricultural land or open space land outside the city limits to laird %vilhin the city designated for development Page 7 ,_ 7.2-4(6) page 7-7 7.2-4(6 Create `TDRwith. the program (DELETE) designation, of environmentally sensiti'Ve areas (donor sites) and the rezoning of - receiver, sites 16 _ n RESOLUTION'52-2 A RESOLUTION OF THE PLANNING COMMISSION 017 THE c"OUNTY OF BUTTE ApPttOVING AND RECOMMENDING TO TI -M BOARD OF SUPERVISORS THE ADOPTION CSF THE ENERGY, NATURAL BF_.SOURCES` AND RECREA'T'ION 2 ELEMENT OF TUE BUTTE COUNTY GENERAL PLAN WHEREAS,. the Butte County Board of Supervisors, through an �h a ppro rp 'ate application, has initiated an Amendment to the Butte County General Plan to add ,an Ener Natural Resources and Recreation Element nt (Exhibit A- 1) effective throughout flue county; and WHEREAS, the proposed General Plan Amendment has been 9 _ studied and reviewed 'by the Butte County Planru, ng Commission, and a public SCh hearing held pursuant to law, at which time all interested persons were heard; and "WHEREAS, the Butte County Flannix g Commission hay reviewed' 12 and considered the contents of the Environmental Impact Report (Exhibit A62) -,1 3 prepared on thy-, amendment pursuant'to the California Environmental Quality -Act; - -- 14 and �5 WHEREAS;, The Butte County Energy, Natural Resources and ;1r6 Recreation. Element is an integral part of the series of Elements which compr;,e 17 the Butte County General Plan; and WHEREAS The Butte County Energy, Natural Resources and 19 ,zo Recreation ;Eleniorrt is a. comprehensive, internally consistent and iong range +'?4: statement of Butte County's ever natural resources and recreation development t�'� 3 tat policies; aril 23 WHEREAS, The Butte County Energy, Natural Resources and R,4 s the foundation and long range lanrun Recreaton Element 1 g g. planning g guideline for i nt Eli MM "ill. implementation of the Count ' goals, _P tys g , ,policies .and objectives relative to'resource production and protection; and 3 WHEREAS, The intent of the Butte :County Energy, Natural Resources and ,Recreation Element is to be both informative, providing the reader ,6 - with a comprehensive resource background, and instructional, containing sufficient flexibility to allow for interpretations by the County; and g WHEREAS; The- ;Butte County Energy,, Natural Resources and g Recreation Element ,provides realistic, enforceable policies to resolve conflict and .10 establish, long range planning directives for the County with regards to energy development, natural. resources protection and recreations and 12 WHEREAS, The Butte County Energy, Natural Resources and Recreation Element responds to , and derives its aufl:arity from, the California 14 Government Code and serves as it, guide for local decision makers, and WHUREAS, The Butte, County Energy, Natural Resources And Recreation t -lenient, along with the General - Plan's other elements contributes to 18 the long-range, planning up g g +idrAr►ce for growth, development and preservation of 19 natural features in Butte County; and 20 WHEREAS, thel Butte County Planning Commissions finds the proposed amendment (Exhibit A1) together with the other applicable Elements �2 of the Butte County General Plan does comprise an overall internally consistent 23 whole: 24 NO; THEREFORE, BE rr RESOLVEDTHAT; STATE W'-AIFORNIA-4HE RESO t,RQS AG�t ICY PETE W1150N, CoOM'Mr CALIF09NlA ENERGY COMMISSION 1576 ktN+'SH „STREET ,F SJwCRA?rhtiO, CA, 93814«S512 rnw April 2, 1992 Or, David Hironimous butte County Planning Department 1 County Center Drive - orovlle, CA 195965-3397 Re: S.itihcr and. Permit Assistance Grant #98;6-87-009 :and Grant #992-88-001 Dear Dave; Thank you for .v,our recent submittals related to the Energy, Natural Resources, and Recreation Element/EZR grant and the dIS grant In regard to the Element/EIR 'grant (#986-87-009), my supervisor groes with zy assessment that the ;County has essentially covered ;all its bases and the Commission Will not suggest any further ivisions. Please continue to submit any additional revisions to be as they are completed. After adoption by the County, we will, need to receive. three copies of the Final Element and EIRl as well as a Final Report: We look forward to wrapping up this grant soon. In regard to the GIS grant ('�99 `=88-`0O1) r your letter of March 21th with attachments will sery11 e as your last Quarterly Report, but We do need to receive a request for an extension of tido or three months in order to receive and complete all the necessary paper work. I assume your agency,has_completed all: formal approvals for the GIS system. Please let me know if there are any outstandin5i actions the County must take in regard to the.GIS We also need a -Final Report for our records. The report should '-include' - I. The name and address of the contractor used, the ekact timeframe of the contract, a concise statement of the work I fo i.Lshed: and Your evaluation of the contractor's pet , rmance; 2. Anticipated general applications of the GIS and any specific projects you ;know of at this time that it will be used for; 3. An evaluation of the. Grant administration process, %e., ;any difficulties encountered in the Commission's process or suggestions for improvement; and 4. Completion of the enclosed 8iting and Permit Assistahce �rarit Porro rain Questionnaa.re. We will be Contacting you in the future to assess the grantO s o; going benefits to your ageshby and other jut sdiotions J �! 09, 4 The proposed element frequently requires condit'iona.l use permits and other related procedures for too many actions which will be regLired of property owners + Each conditional use permit and other related procedure will require the property owner to pay a heavy fee or charge to the county over - and above tine general taxes already paid by property owners. Existing fees and charges exacted by the county are an exorbitant and excessive burden on property owners, and are making many. potential and existing wage -paying businesses uneconomic in Butte County, S. The proposed element needs to be completely rewritten b� a committee of economical ly-responsible citizens not by government employees and consultants, the aggrandizemant of whose petty power and employment is widely viewed by a candid public as the principal reason for creating paperwork mazes prrrpos~ed -element, 6. Several of the policies set forth in the e`neryy section of this element are technologically -primitive. They appear to have been written to give the impression that a.n energy element has 'been provided The proposed element would benefit from more engineering and scientific input._ 7. The proposed element sti`1 1 contains policies which would clearly constitute a taking without compensation if' implemented as 'Irlt,ten The most, basic idea of justice would`xe�ure better treatment of pro-perty o -mars .than this proposed Plemebt provides B Over 90 percent of the property owners in the _ pa.lertao-Horicut rezone area have indicated that .they Wish their 'zoning to remain A-5. There is no reasonable doubt that other owners of similar; marginal, agricultural acreage elsewhere in this county Want the same consideration from their county government: Ye , this Planning Commission ha't continued on a. course - of which thin; proposed element is only, one part of building layer, upon layer of arbitrary and capricious pol icy - designed 'to deny property owners the highest and best use of their hard-earned property,, Very tru I y yours, - Harold 'H. Gall ie'tt; Jr. Chairi»an 1310 IVY ST. CHiCO CA 95926 '(916) 345-7265 January 29, 1992 Dear Planning Commissioners, I represent the North Valley Center of Appropriate Technology (NVCAT). We would like to provide further comment, in addition to those already provided in the process of producing the County's Energy Element,; on the latest draft of the element. We have, a number of concerns with regards to this document and to the process for developing the document. Listed below is a summary or our concerns: ; 1. What happened to public comment and the Technical AdvGsory Committee? While we (NVCAT) were; not included in the TAC for this element, Butte Environmental Council, and others, ,asked 'us to comment on. the energy aspects of the document and to stand in for them during the energy discussions. To my knowledge this group only met twice prior to the development of the draft element and never after the draft was produced. 2. What happened to the feedback that we: and others gave with regards to this element? A number of questions have been, raised at various bines to which there was no response either in the EIR (which is required: in order to finalize and certify it) or by correspondence. 3. How can, a Final EIR be adopted on this document when the document has not been finalized? 4. Why has this process taken so long? 5. 'Other specific comments regarding the contents of the el ment will be discussed below. GOALS and OBJECTIVES We ;feel that the stated goals and objectives of the energy portion of this element are inadequate for adopting even the spirit of an energy element, As defined by the Office of Planning anci IZeseareh's -1 90 General: Plan GGi ideline a goal is ' .,. a direction -setter+ It is an ideal future end,,cmiditioii or state related to the public health, safety or ,gmetat welfare toioard zvltielr plomin and' planning implementit tion tneasures are directed. A goal is it gerwal exprIess o►t of coot unity values atria, therefore, is abstract bt nature. Cortseque>ttly, a goal is generally not quantifiable, tithe - dependent oi' suggestive of speeipc actions ,for' its achievement. o 11 �. N it CA7" Butte County Energy Elemenf and an objective is.' a specific end, condition or slate that is an interniediate step toward attaining a goal. It should be achievable and; when possible, nteasuravle and time -specific. An objective may only pertain to ofte particular aspect of a goal or it nuzy be one of several successive steps .toward goal achievement Consequently, there may be more than one objective for each goal. Butte County's Energy Element has only two stated goals and objectives relating to energy They are as 'follows: Goal 3: Maintain a balance between energy development and natural resource protection. Objectives; Provide siting criteria and establish resource protection priorities for the various types of energy facilities Goal 4. Promote energy conservation in all types of existingand and , proposed development. Objectives. Adopt and implement an Energy Conservation Ordinance for the County; establish an energy conservation educational progrant. Neither of these goals set much direction nor do the objectives provide a specific end, condition, or state that is an intermediate step toward attaining a. goal. Furthermore,.`there are rio a—hicvatde measurable and time -s eel c Pf fi objectives listed iri the goals and objectives section. The followin are examples of some of a number of possible goals and g objectives which we feel will set the direction the "county needs to be striving towards. This list is not meant to be comprehensive as there may .many more and. better -goals and objectives which could be developed and implemented; Goal: lvlaintairt and/or enhance the general standard of .living, the level of employment; and the quality of the environment through the conservation of energy resources, the efficient use o.E energy, and the development Of, locally available renewable nondepletable energy 'resource's. Objectives, -Reduce energy use in all sectors by 25% by the year 2000. ` R duce 'energy consumption at County facilities by 40% by the year 1995, ble sonde resour'c'es on all newly constructed ties, le energy, Lt�2e loeall available renews County facilities Page 2 A NVGAT Butte Cahn Ener Element --- _ ty 9Y -Increase locally produced environmentally -sound renewable energy resources in order to provide for at least 20% of the C:'ountys energy Mase. Gaal: Reduce the outflow of local dollars for the importation of non -local energy supplies, Objectives: -Provide incantfi es for energy conservation and renewable energy production. Institute a county Energy Department by 1992 to assist in the promotion. and education of the County's energy policies. Goal: Reduce the economicburden caused by rising costs of conventional energy resources and the imposition of utility taxes. J - Ob -Assist,the County's utility consumers in saving energy costs at least equivalent to the increase in costs (5-5%) associated with the implementation of the Utility Users Tax: Goal: Protect citizens from severe hardship caused by disruptions in energy supplies. Objective: -Develop an energy contingency pian. by 1995 to insure adequate energy resources will exits to minimize hardships and maximize P1 74 public health and safety :-in the event of -a disruption in energy supplies. Geral. Maximize the beneficial effects and minimize the adverse effects associated. with the ;siting of major energy and transmission -facilities. Objective:-1denti ', location:; throughout the 'County where the siting of major energy production and transmission facilities would be environmentally, benign and econornlcally beneficial. Goal. Promote the use of telecommunications in order to reduce transpor= tation and land use demands. Objective- -Stimulate the utilization of . telecomm tin ications in County operations by establishing satellite offices e ui ed with q PP computers, moderns, electronic media and ether equipment, in Variouscunities where County employees live Provide a mputer-Based bulletin board conferencing-__ .. and networking system ih County 'libraries to allow, input into the County's decision -►n king process and to alloy public access to public information L:�id databases. Page 11 V VCA T Butte County Enemy Element Goal: Promote safe energy extraction,• uses and s4i:;teins to benefit local, regional, and global environmental goals. Objective; The. development of all major energy tacilities will require full disclosure of environmental, econoitic and social impacts` ttwoligh tl,e use of the California Environmental. Quality Act's Environmentai Irnl.,act Report process. Goal; Minimize energy consumption attributable to transportation within the County. Objectives:: By 1995, review all general plan elements, zoning ordinances, standards ;and other ordinances to deternune their overall effect on energy cofLsumption throughout. -By 1996, provide a plan or rewrite all general plan elements, zoning ordinances, standards and other ordinances to maximize .the efficient use of energy in all facets of transportation, land, use and zoning. -Rewrite zoning and the land use element of the County's General Flan to reduce the number of scattered small acre parcels and, increase the zoning: density in non -incorporated rural comnnun les;, -Establish a county wide ►bicycie facilities plan by 1995. POLICIES AND IIviPLElyt ITAI'101 MEASURE If the goals and >objectives developezi for this element were found to be q p p t leave much to be _ d�.sired. At the policies and im lei tentation ensures lya inadequate, the planning commission meetingof Januar 23, 10927,-W Lynch indicated that the, purpose of a general plan .element is to provide generalized ;guidelines far the county. If that is the case, where and when do the specifics get develop'e& Or does this,fust becornp, another document sitting on.a shelf in some out of the way corner of county "bureaucracy? The ;purpose of a goal statement may be generalized but that is not the purpose for policy and implementation measures as defined by the Office of Planning and Research's 1990 General Plan .Guidelines ; A M`I'Q , is a specific statentent 'that gvbies decision makiiiz It indicates a clear c6inrriftment of the local legislative body, A policy is based on a general plant's goals avid objectives as well as the ajial ysia of da a: For u policy to be tt ful as a pide to rection it must be clear and intbi ism is, ,he practice of adopting broadly drawn and �gue policies_ unacceptable. Clear policies are paIrtidularly imp,o dill, wherf Page 4. fat s �rA i Butte County Eneryy EleT t it comPS judgi)ig whether ! or not zoning decisions, Subdivisions, public works projects, etc., areconsistent° with a general plan. Use of the work "should" to give the impression of more commitment than actually intended is a common, but unacceptable practice. it is betier to adopt no policy than, to adopt a policy with no backbone. An implementation measure is at action, procedure, program or technique that carries out general plan policy. Each policy must have at least one corresponding implementation measure. Much of the text of the, element could be omitted by combining the "cookie -cutter" policies and unplementation measures developed for biomass, cogeneration, solar and windy For example, look at the following Urnplementation measures; The County shall amend the Comprehensive Zoning Ordinance allow solar energy conversion facilities to be conditionally permitted in agricultural and open space area,.;. The County shall amend the Comprehensive Zoning Ordinance to allow wind energy energy conversion facilities to be conditionally permitted in agricultural and open space areas: The County' shall amend the Cowpeehen. a Zoning Ordinance to incorporate the provisions of policies regarding the rise of biomass -_ fuels. The County shall amend the Comprehensive Zoning Ordinance to incorporate provisions for locating cogeneration facilities, They could easily be written as follows. The County shall. amend the Comprehensive Zoning Ordinance to allow solar, wind andbibma5s energy convei`sion and cogeneration facilities to be conditionally permitted in agricultural and open space areas. or The Count r shall amend the Comprehensive Zoning Ordinance to allow -renewable energy and -cogeneration .facilities to be conditionally pamitted in agrieultural and open space areas; Page 5. - IV V CAT _ _ Butte County' Energy Elea t The are numerous examples of these types of policies and implemen- tation measures. ;None of the policies for renewable resources address 'residential, commercial or governmental uses of these resources norestablish standards for their use. None bf them promote the use of nonrenewables as'a means of reducing the County's energy dependence. The idea should be to mace the beneficial use of, ;local renewable resources easier to develop. Hydroelectric Projects .Most of the policies developed for the Hydroelectric Projects section are unnecessary due the regulations of such projects by federal, state and local environmental statutes such as NEPA (the National Envirortmental Protection Act), CEQA (the California Environmental Quality Act), the Clean. Water Act, the Endangered Species Act, and the Clean Air Act etc., and by such organizations as'USDA ,_USFS, FERC, RWQCB, CDFG and others: Tit Lthe intent of these policies to eliminate the need for an EIR/EIS they' this whole section should be struck and an in-depth EIR/EIS be conductL;_ 'for all hydroelectrical p7pjects. Micro -hydroelectric projects and their potential impacts are not addressed. What is the potential :for further Hydroelectric power plant construction within the County? Solar Projects The Solar Projects section could be better, served if s policy was included requiring the County Planning, 'Engineering and Building Department staff to aggressively follow the Subdivision Map Act (Sec.s 66473.1 anti 66475.3), the Solar Shade Control Act, and the Solar Rights Act. The same should be considered in the (Residential Development section as policies in the the first four Residential idential Development section are solar a - policies. The following is a list of Solar Laws which should be followed during the planning process. Solar Las 1 1979 two lar Beginning on Ja IaWs went into effect in the State nua . ry of Callfornia, Which local agencies ate responsible for implementing; the Solar Rights Act of 1978 (AB 325% Levine) and the Solar Shade Cohtrol Act (Al5 2321, imbrecht), These lads were enacted to guarantee a solar y C i planning and system owners right to s� might b' prohibiting local la building ordinances from restricting the u.w.e of solar energy ysnte s and x A s. and by allowing local governments to adopt solar easement ordinances h ,. i c oling to require . e consideration of solar energy for heating and co opportunities (California Energ��s da not io revert local agencies from F3,esponsibility, 1979), These l p Page 6. NVCA r But County Energy Element' developing their own ordinances promotlni the use of solar er7ergy, systems provided that they do not conflict witii these state laws, The Solar eIgbts I Act of 1'97a The purpose of the Solar Rights Act of 1978 (AB 3250, Levine) is to promote and encourage the widespread use of solar energy systems and protect rotect and facilitate adequate access to the sunlight which is necessary to op-arate solar energy systems" (California Energy Commission, olar ccess: ALocal esoonsi_ bility, 1979, 6),. This law provides for a number of solar :related statutes in the Civil Code, the Government Code, the Health and Safety Code and thn Revenue .and Taxation Code. In addition to providing guarantees for solar access it also provided for tax incentives for using solar systems. These tax incentives' are no longer valid, but the other provisions ;of the act are still in effect. Civil Code sec. 714, 801, and 801.5 address:; the '' guarantees of solar access. Sec, 714 is designed to encourage the use of solar energy' systems by nullifying, restrictions which may be placed on the use of solar energy systems, Bec. 801 provides for the use of easements and states the right of receiving sunlight upon or over land as specified in Sec. 801,5: Sec. 801.5 defines this right as a "solar isasement," Planning and zoning laws were modified by Government Codes sec. 65850.5, 66473.1 and 66475.3, Government Code sec, 65850,5 prohibits the enactment, by catles and countiras, of ordinances which would restrict the use of solar enerl4y systems unless .needed for the Preservation and._. protection of the .public-health and safety: It also allows Por ordinances which impose "reasonable restrictions" on solar energy systems provided that they do not significantly increase the cost or decreases the efficiency of ,a solar system: Government Code sec, 66473.1 of The Subdivision Map Act requires, for tentative map approval, that the design of a subdivision shall provide for future passive or natural heating or cooling opportunities, These Opportunities pp rtunities shouldinclude structure orlentatloli on an east-west axis, access to natural shading features and prewaNrng. breezes and other natural geomorphologic attributes of a site: Government Coda sec, 66475,3 also in of Tho Subdivision Map Act allows cities and counties to enact ordinances which, as a condition of y tentative map ap4,rovalr provide for the dedication of solar easements which will allow, each parcel or unit in a subdivision access to sunlight* The ordinances must contain specific standards f0t determining the exact dimensions and location of easements and any restrictions on vegetation, buildings and other structures which would obstru^t the Passage of sunlight through the easement. Page 7. Y t� i NVC AT Butte CountyEnergy_Element The Solar Shade Qontrol The Solar Shade Control Act (AS 2321, imbrecht) was instituted as Chapter 12, Sections 25980 through 29586, of Divisi(jr 15 of the Public Resources Code, to protect the use of a solar enerfil from the acts of adjacent property owners. It prohibits property o-,;vners of adjacent properties fromplanting vegetation, after the instaiation of a solar s stem, that Would shade more than 10 l a solar collector between 10 A.M.. and 2 RM. This law also specifies glee location of solar systems. The production of commercial ,agricultural crops and replacement trees and vegetation are exempted from the provisions of this law. The law also allows for an exemption of the Solar -Shade Act for the placement of a solar system on a property which may impact the solar system of an adjacent property provided .that a finding be made that the solar system would provide more energy savings than the one being impacted. city oor Thisaw nty,Iso to enact am ordina ma ance vote Of exemptine heir jurisdiction u governing nofrom the provisions of the Solar Shade Control Act. 9 should beone of t'The develoP meno a solar easement ordinance (G.C. Sec. 66475.3) policies in this section, The ordinance to be developed should be the actual implementation ;m0asure of that policy. Energy Conservation Anothersection we feel should be completely rewritten due to the lack - of adequate policy and -Implementation measures is the Energy Conservation section. Residential Development The first, four policies dealing with new residential solar iaccess and energy conservation are covered already in the Subdivision Map Act and the State's req- fired Residential Energy Standards (aka, Title 24). To include: them without providing specifics as to their implementation is inadequate.. The MLY implementation measure in this section. simply states (with a definite SHOULO) that 3.:1261(i) All of the Energy Conservation policies should be 'neot porated tufo a County Conservation Ordiitanee, Remember the 1990 General Ilan Gu dellaes suggest that an tniplemot tit tign tiieastire is ait action, procedure, proge'dot or teclutique that carries out inendeal plait polity, Each policy must` leave at leas, one 0o * . - I.. d'iig ipletiie ttatim"I wea$ur'e, There are no suggest ons (other than the Contents Page 8,._ NVCAT Butte County ,Energy Element of the policies) for whata County Conservation Ordinance shall contain, who willdevelop it, and how will it be enforced. The only policy which mentions conservation (the use of solar energy is not conservation, it is production) policy is in the revised: - 3.12-5 The County should adopt the Unifornt Building Code and adhere to the energy conservation measures contained thenln. There are four problems with this policy statement. First, the presence of the ubiquitous should; second, contrary to popular belief, the Uni:orm. Building Code (IJBC) does not address nor contain any energy conservation measures (see attachment; Chapter 53 of the TIBC); and third, does this policy apply to new' or existing ° residential, commercial, agricultural and/ or industrial structures? Fourth, the County has already adopted the UBC! Why haven't the energy conservation measures contained therein been adhered. to?, The LBC is adopted as the building standard for most building. . departments in most cities and counties in the U5. Each jurisdiction has the ability' to enhance the UBC to meet their own special needs. A jurisdiction may adapt a state standard, such as the Residential and Nonresidential Energy Standards (Title 24), and incorporate them into the jurisdictional building code along with the. UBC. This thea would bec nle the County Building Code, not the Uniform Building- Code, In that case it has already been adopted and this policy do not -have -to be in the element. Furthermore, the UBC typically covers orgy new construction or remodellin and would not address the energy conservation needs of pre- existin residential, commercial or industrial 'buildings-- There are no indications that this element will aadress these needs either. We would like' t Conservation the include a Residential and Commercial. Energy Is Policy 3,124 consistent with County road standards? And how will it conserve energy? Tt does not .mare a .lot of difft ince how the subdivision streets are laid out if the subdivision. is located miles away from services. Commercial Development Again most of the com enis made for the residential section can be applied here 'with ,regards to these polices.' Title 24`s Nonresidential Energy Standards already cover the first three policies (with definite sh _s) but the County can improve on them if they shD:uak choose to, page 9. Y 611VGAT 8Lme County Energy Element The landscaping suggestion is rather weak. The standard most people are going with requiresone shade tree for every three/ six parking stalls. It, is possible (and beneficial) to easily increase the shading to 70-80%a. Transportation More shoulds and no implementation ;measures„ What encourages the use of bicycles? This was never discussed, in the text. Is the planning department or a developer going to automatically know that grades steeper than 7% discourage bicycling or that there are a whole different set of assumptions needed for bicycle transportation? What about encouraging the use of feet/walking? Which public transportation opportunities should the County consider and how should they consider them? By ordinance; by standards, by density Criteria, by funding/developer fees7 Public transportation, needs to be planned into all aspects of the General Plan and not just be given lip service.. Education A shall, but a conditional shall and no implementation measures. Good idea, but how will the county do this and when? Why will (should) they rely only ort the utility 1VVCA`T have been involved, to provide energy education We ( ) olved in energy education. since the late 70's. The university (CSU Chico) has also been involved. The County should establish an Energy Department which: would oversee. that Its energy ordinance, Title 24 and the .energy aspects of the Subdivision Map ,Act are observed: X hope that this will clarify our position better and point out some of current. We do not believe that this is an adequate document as currently written and would like to see sorne of these 18s►408 addressed. We would also like to be noticed prior to any public meeting in- which these issues will be discussed so that we can respond to any questions and/or issues ,you may have. Sincerer v, Tom Barrett Director and General Manager Irl"VCAT cc Board of Supervisors Lorri Gervais, Calif, Energy Commission Page 10. IWMDfX UNIFORM BUILDING CODE APPENDIX 19961 DrnoN (c) Altersttona, Eiepair>s and Maintenance. Alterations, repairs and mainte. Chaptet 53. mice Shall be made as required by part XII of the ANSI Code. (d)11egxctlon Costs. All costs 6f such inspections and tests shall be paid by the ENERGY CONSERVATION IN NEW ova=BUILDING CONSTRUCTION (e) Inspection Reports. After each required inspection, a full and correctGonerai se of this p ttport of Such inspection shall be filed svit,ti the building official. Unseto 06ndiths _ _ AM construction oC thr e�exte or nvmelope3 and selection or beating,.ventilating umina I Sec. SI I4.'Wbrit an inspection reveals an unsafe condition, the'inspector Shall and air-conditioning, Service water heating, electrical distribution and ili inIMCdiatelyfile with;the owner and the building official a full and true report of ing, systems and equipment requited for the putpose of effective conservation of i r►uf Inspection and such unsafe condition. If the buiidwg of finds that the energy within a building or structure govettted by this code. Unsafe ¢onditioo endtri err human life he shall cause to be placed on such (b) Mlodel Erietgy Cade Adopted. In order to comply with the purpose oCthis elevator, escalator of moving walk, in a conspicuous place, a notice stating that chapter, buildings shall be designed to comply with the requirements of the Ahiodtl such conveya>ace is Unsafe. The owner shall see to it that such notice of unsafe Entrgy Code promul atcd jointlyb the International Conference of Buitd:�rg condition is legibly maintained where laced b thebuildiu of The build Officials (IM); the Southern Building Code Congress International, Inc. in$ official shall also issue an order in writing to the ownerrequuing the re airs or (SBCCi • the guiiding Officials and Code Administrator,« Intcrnational, Inc, alterations to be made to such conveyance which are necessary tofrenderpitsafe (HOCA); and'die National Conference of States on Building Codes and Stan and may order th- operation thereof discontinued until the repairs or alterations dards, Inc. (NCSBCS); dated 1983, are :made or the unsafe conditions arc removed. A posted notice of unsafe conditions "1 170 removed only by the building official when he is satisficd'that dsc Unsafe tonditions.have been corrected. , i. M MY ,s1Wil,r:w..i .F.y �� 757 4. 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'a1iG.l zTt.e7wL 3"i+ _ kr! to Priv}"tt' A.ybp0 tv ztha&pt ti3'G not *OV,-'aititoto, ,io+titkirio'�Y �� tiili�:t "'1XCC� SSE` 1."4fi �i1wiPl tJ'6#1t.1 . rtkil �.hto tsj'.t1111 #Cis 3t,by"iiyy�hvy �F''A?k4-1,i.4ta3�+ i4�1 as.i, •t'..'h+�0.1RK: '1 �1 �.i ;r« ti hfC'. 'rR 1i #.i.'+5 +..t'tl'Ji. i944#4i 17{t1 mort�' C+#�jit ' l"i 2i t +Ll �rlt�L� '! 6-04xp t1'aivo alba r P ST.A?E LF, -CALIF ORNIA THE RM iURLLS AGENCY PETE WILSON;. Gowmor i D�,sP`ARTMENT OF FISH :AND GAME RIe010r ' 7bl NrAAWS ROAD, SUITE "A 3 ` 1t A"C 0 ,CORDOYA+ C.AUFORMA '95470' " ( 516) 355-7020 January 24, 1992 Mr. David Hironimus 0utte County Planning Department 7 County CenterDrive Orovillej California 95965' beat- Mr. Hironimus: _. The Department of Fish and Game (`DFG) has reviewr•.d the Final Environmental. Impact 'Report for the Draft Butte County General Plan - Energy., Natural Resources; and Recreation Element (Element). The Element its a summary of goals, objectives and policies which will guide the County's planning actions regarding land use impacts on energy, natural resources,, and recreation. The DFG agrees and concurs with provisions detailed In :the Plan on pages 4-61 through 4-E6 We recommend that the Biological 'Resources section of the Element be strengthened in these areas: 1. The DFG recommends avoidance of vernal pool -wetland loss: While v6rnal pools can be artificially created, successful revegetatlo», with affected plant species (especially sensitive species) appears limited. The'DFG recommends that Vernal pools be protected by.- A4 y:a. A 50 --foot no disturbance setback, commencing from the outeerr e should dge of the poops zone of influence, established around-each.pool: b. No alteration of a pool's natural drainage; indluding artificial drainage into lit,, - ?ici sediments, materials or substances should be permitted to enter the natural drainage. 2. To protect and maintainriparian wetland the DFG -recommends avoidance through the incorporation of 50"foot nondevelopment setback buffers abe)ve the r of intermittent drainages and 100 -foot nondav'elepment setback .buffers above the ',banks of all - ponds or perennial water courses, This setback should extend beyond this recommended dilctance if necessary to protect all onsite riparian wetland habitat: there should be no 'development within the * 9 Mr David H;ironimus January 24 1992 Page Two floods„in of any waterway, buffer and riparian corridor should sbewlmibedithin he access by fact for z�c;xeatonal' to located adjacent to bzn:Efers shoupdrbesrs . Projects include this followingto _ Provisions.- a. No fill shall beu laced within buffets ffexS either f during or after construction. b. Gradxnr, is prohibited within buffers cw All ve+:retat on 'within buffers shall be _ Burngconstruction. protected d= Covenants, codes, estakrl,isheci arsdl restrictions shall be that prohibit disposal. of Iawn cJ. i PP3+ngs, oil, chema.cals, or `trash of an withers tetback buffer's_. Y kind e.'enrpora� y fencing wil.-I be 'placed to open spaces area during construction, protect the f . Open fencing such was wire mesh link- etc; r split rail,. chax.n will be re,guire3 adjacent to the open space areas to redric(a' improper _disposal or stars age of mr�ter�als I.n the: open space area.- g 3. Thi prlz)7ect sits_ con•tazrr_, harbor. sent ,:'tiven plant species iahch the have beet known to made to detc.�” y shoulound an that en genF,ral area � A �iatanical survey I£ d be determine if such species do occur onsite, present, sensi..tivt pl.a.nt poj�ulations should be protected bit: a. Est�tbl.is�zting a 5D -foot iniriimurn no disturbance Popul ttg each Sant t.er edge, aroUn setback rommencin from. the . P ` on..: b. Constructing bar,+kers to at,,id vehicle traffic , . Prevent damage by foot c . Excl ud'in,g livestock; d Waters a].scarrl drainage 3rrto d substances; insor the placement of nori,disttsrba:ndo� area ide of the 4. Oak woodlands -care a pacticu because th4� provide molarly important habitat s;usta ,nst t the essential life reg6iretnenta (e "g, , food, shelter; Westin g Mr. David kironimus January 24, 1992 Page Three t and roosting sites) needed by numerous animal species.,There has been significant cumulative losses of oak W66414nds in California due to residential, commercial, and other development projects. To mitigate the project impacts on oak woodlands, these restrictions are needed: a. No oak tree removal except for that required to provide space for -buildings and associated accessories and to meet health and safety standards: bl. Establish a no disturbance setback commencing from the outer edge of ttieroakdtrees, canopy, and extending outward a distance equal. to one-half of the canopy 'radius, around each tree.. NO disturbance includes irrigation and root damaging activities C. Retain all snags except those which safety hazard, pose a dire ct d. No pruning or cutting of oaks except for safety purposes. Deciduous oaks should be pruned during the winter_. dormant season only and evergreen oiil:s _ during July " August only. We request: the opportunity to modify this recommendation since DFG Will soon revise_ its .:oak -` Protection guidelines. Specific guidelines should be implemented to,prot,ect greater sandhi!! crane habitat.An ongoing crane study should enable DF.(j to provide specific actions pec son's hawks and Butte meadoWfoam are among other` 6. specines which may occur in the plan area:: The DFG Wily" require adequate mitigation measures for these P eczes. The Plan should include the following; _ Any acti tu a r nts Hawks (Burbo swainsonll �� i� �' 1?�g�rq tigation tsuidelines 'for S of C3lifor-uia in ;the Ce;�tra1 Valley 'tDED AGE4NT ' UR�=°rr AND ' ClJIvil�tE tv4AN -anon goal of no net C established the Mitigation arrment of 'F:ish and Carne hhabicat, and has developed the following ` p Qr, foraging ulation decline of this Tn,e 'C)ep less of Swainson's hawk bre,-ding. arnatic PoP agenciesand guidelines far lead ag 'These C. ceria provide the toss of Swainson's p e deg and cnitigacion criteria to reverse rhe dr atrat g Valley adequate mitigation for ecies is also specie in the Ceto follow n leve oping towards- restoration of this sP and will pl»o jecc Sponsors t , ernenc Lowa guidelines are. to be considered inters in hawk habi�:at. Dirpctron, nor mana� These Su. e Sv, ainson's ;Hawk Habitat Con s hawk within ation within ibis doccS�-r1. ent. irnclude rehensiv ' refn3in ?n effect until a comp artment: Several HCp's for Sidelines will be used in le..ed by the DeP These Su� ecies i's comp ent=v being ProPosed. plan to establish criteria for SP (Y ICPi oun into spec gc prolecr. area. are carr recruitment of ,y `ansion into former habitattntl ;, translocation of active A.r h a 5wains,on's Hawk Recov'erY con'ur�I t w�4 opulacion e p Dais. Curie y recover thravg` P merit to proceed. 'Hackin n a elation; and other centlfied recovery ,, enable develop the P p has riot been ernplo ed co enhance the ,.od a �•iable bP i Will not be considered g ne:.ta� . <�G tiff e rearea y Dari (conic o11 ed release) of P pnptiiation a, U41 tree. nt will consider whethez suitable forming the Departrr►e i Contributes to project rev1ew, or -r. This ten m During P lie radius of an active nese andY tie radius stac�oard`wa_r » : s within. a cen`(lOj m g terrlt it isconsidered to be a habitat ac��ur, studies. known active nest sites to at 5w a�1 I2dt f nded celenietrY mazntain�rwg that » arip he distance fromTlyerefore, developed from Dep ainson s hawk. thin the home range of aSwate impacts at active nest sites conservative estimate cif th averse o . suitable foraging liabetzts w be required to m1tig ,� development projects may both of which are essential to the propose habitat areas; :o of Stvainson's hawk suitable feeding s►nce over and surrounding territory: In addition, : downer is neec'�ed' nteity of the breeding a rogr am of incenitves for the private landowner ovate land, p in needs of S��`ainson�s hawks are nese i�ccur on Y a��ble to the form g or other land uses, s which are comP ractices, urbanYat�an; to ensure that (t oP atible agricul"tute P not: rePiaced by incornp TeresaEnvironmental or qtr, Ron Sdhlorffj Nangarrte ve any questions, please contact els: Sherry l6)�� i030, Yf fou ha ion 2, (9 _ services a giotogistI Re"I Vildlif Section, tilYldi,ife �,lanagernenc (9161 322-1261 LEGAL STATIJS g. ry The Swainson"s hawk is a tni rata bud species ecies protected under, the 1ldigratory Bird Treaty Act (li3TA) of 1918 (16 U.S.C. 703-711), The ABTA makes it unlawful to take, possess buy, sell , Purchase, or barter any migratory bird listed in 50 C.F.R. Part 10;, including feathers or other parts, nests, eggs, or products, except as allowed, by implementing regulations (50 C.F.R. 21). The Swainson"s hawk is designated as a Candidate species for listing by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service under the federal Endangered Species rct (ESA; 16 U.S.Q. 1513-1 Swainsonts hawk as a Threatened species,thus Providin h therm protection California listed the California Endangered Species Act (CESAj (Chapter 1,5 Fish and Game Code) r In e addition, Sections 3503, 3503;5, 3800 of the'E"ish and Game Cade prohibit the take Possession, or destruction of birds, their nests or eggs, The DFG has 'interpreted the take clause in the C1=SA to include the destruction of either nesting and/or foraging habitat necessary to maintain the reproductive effort. Implementation of the take provisions of the CESA requires that project -related disturbance at active Swainson's; hawk territories be reduced or eliminated during critical phase of the nesting cycle cy (irlarch 1 - August IS annuaIly). DisturbGInce that causes' nest abandonment and/or loss of reproductive effort (e.g. killing or abvndonment of econs` "taking"" and is punishable" by fines and/Ot imprisonment. Such Vtaking lwould Ialso derevi federal law protecting migratory birds (exg., ABTA),, olate The, California Environmental Quality Act (C1=QA) requires a mandatory .findin s of significance if impacts to threatened' or endangered species are likely to occur g (Sections 21001 {�, 2I Qd3. Guidelines 15380, 15064, 15063). Avoi roust be presented to reduce irnpact to less than significant levelsa(See �tiince or iga ion mitigation Criteria #2,). NATURAL RISTORy 3 The Swainson's hawk is a large 3e broadwin Approximately the same size ged buten which frequents o Swainson's haw a red weigh -tailed hawk lBuceo Pen county. 1?5 cam; (4* 8 a `) wings a AProxsic boy 800 1100 jar open but trimmer S Pan* The ba?marei characterized b �• ! 3/4 . body plumage may 2 lbs) , and have about a entire body Y several color phases _ Y be hi Y of the bird may light, dark and ghlY variable and is ventral or underneath sect o be sooty black, ' rufous, in dark the lower throat Adult birds Phase birds, tY'e ns may be light with .i .fierier ally have dark vac:. dUsk down to the 1s, The, uPPe: breast. ° characteristic dark ►► „ Y band, and narrow The tail is ,wide bib from. r less conspicuous barring gray ventr ail . appearance; feri`males Y with a subterminal sexually dimo however, are slightly lar P��oX�mally, The sexes ar is raptors. y ge. than mal e simile- lrr rPh There are no recogrizd subs as is the case in The Swainson s most ' p c,�es (Palmer 1983), north �.veStern Canada hawk is a long distance mi v+interin > the wester u.S. grator, leaving Aestin Wintering grounds in the open and sfecico, most g grounds in southern EraziI , Pampas areas of Populations migrate to ) This round trip lournev ma e�u� America return to the nestin (Argentina, uric Y exceed 14 000 ds �ty 8 grounds in early March to establish breedilles. The bir Pahl Swainson's haw ng territories.. (Palmer 1988)i nstrvc �nogamor�S and will remain rtiest co so until the less of a. Ccormnonly 3=4 eggs) i on and caurtshi kith both s lard in early -A P continues Chrou ti ; mate Parents Pril to early • g` �prii The ' _ part patin c�utca nest approXimatel g in the brooding, Y- Incubation lasts 34_35 days; Y 42-44 da 8 of eggs; and young. The their arents and Ys after 'hatching (June - You;7g leave. Bain hunting practice until the July). the The young' remain with. Y depart 017 migration 1n the ra1l. Reproductive Chronology MAIM . APR MAY JUN AUL AUG. ARRIVE FROM wl's"T`ERI?JG GROUND5 (3111 SEPT -_-X COu RTSFiIP,AstiD NFST �Olti$T�Lr . 4/4)' CTk�,ti EGGS LAID (4/1 511) _ LINGS FIR ST APPE"qp NESTLING (mid-tlfav) r amid to late �'�lay STAGE .. earlY July) FLE�U (late 1u1 rnid: Sept) CGI,yU R. r10I�1 I � ~ (July) � data from j lstep 1989; i FORAGING REQUIRE.',1F'vTS' wa inson's hawk nests in the Central Valley of California are generally'found in P scattered trees or along riparian systems adjacent to agricultural fields or assures: These open fields and pastures are the primary _. forage Drage areas. Mayor prey items for Central Valley birds include: California voles (Jficrotus californicus), valley pocket gophers (Thomornys bottae) deer mice (Peromyscus maniculatus), California ground p p y g squirrels (S ermo hilus beeche rj mourning doves (ZP.naida macroura), ring -nuked pheasants (Phasianas colchicus), meadowlarks (Sturnelle neglecta), other passerines, grasshoppers (Conocephalinae), crickets (Gr,,•;Wdae), '.and. silphadids (Este , p 198..) Q . Swainson's Hawks generally search for prey by soaring in open country ;and agricultural fields similar to northern harriers (Circus cyanew) and ferruginous hawks (Buceo regalis). Often man,, hawks :may lie seen foraging together following tractors or other farm equipment capturing prey escaping from farming operations. During the breeding Y duringami ation vast numbers of Insects are cons• rodents a yeas gT Jrned (Palmer I988).p season .�wainson s hawks eat: maim vertebrates (small and reptiles), whereas Department of Fish and Game funded research has documented ,'the importance of suitable foraging habitats (e.g., 'native grasslands, lightly -grazed pastures, alfalfa and other hay crops, and combinations of hay grain and row crops) within an Energetically efficient flight distance from active Swainson's hawk'1Yests: (Est ep pers comm.): Recent telerletry studies to 'determine foraging requirements have shown that birds may require in excess of 15,000 acres of habitat or range up to 18.0 miles from the hest in search of prey (F.step 19$9), The area needed for foraging is determined by crop types, agricultural-praot cea, trarvesting regIrmit, prey abuni ance and availability. Estep (1989)'foatnd that, 13.4?? of observed prey captures were in fields being harvested, discedflowed tit irrigated. Some of the preferred foraging habitats for Swalnson's hawks include: (1) Alfalfa - low prey abundance but stead . by prey accessibility.:. (2) Fallow fields andTomato�py a access fields . largest prey populations but dense cover reduces p t r histle ti Beet g ibilit if not dominated by prey accessibility, except during harvesting operations when Swainson's hawks have been observed foraging aImost exclusively in these fields from late -July to early -September, (4) Dry.land Pasture provided the primary forage area for I radloed'. pair,, and app ars to be an Important foraging area'. (5) Irrigated pasture provides some fora fe habitat, especially during floodxtgi Unsuitable foraging habitat types include any crap wherry prey are not available due to the high densi"ty of vegetation, or Dave low abunelance of prey` such as rice fields, vineyards, orchards, and cotton fields. NESTING PEQUIREMENTS f the floor of the Central valley, although ne.,tlirg habitat. is�r � � g�du� mosr o _ - Krn and uneVenly� distributed. Nfore than 8o°b of the y Y .p Y y Sacramento, `Yolo, and known nests in the Central valla: are Within rr ar►ah systems rn San Joaquin Counties. tituch of the potential nesting habitat remaining in this area is in riparian forests, lone trees, oak groves, and roadside trees. The riparian areas are F,enerally adjacent to and within easy flying distance to alfalfa or hay fields. ? f)epartment research has shown that valley oaks (Quercus labacl, Fremont's cottonwood (Poples frernontiij willows (Salix spp.), sycamores (Platanus spp.), and 9/alnut (Jugla,ns spp.) are the preferred nest trees for Swainson's hawks (Bloom '1980, 'step 1989). I°IISTORICAL AND CURRENT POPULATION .STATUS The Swainson's Hawk was historically (ca 1900) regarded one of the most et)mmon and numerous raptor species in the state, so much 5o that they were often, not g1;en special mencion infield notes. _ The breeding population has declined by an estimated 91% in California since the turn of the century, (Bloom 1980). The historical 5'Wainson's hawk population estimate; based on current densities and estimates, of forme.- available habitat, is 4,284 - 17,136 pairs (Bloom 1980). In 1979, approximately 375 ±50 `breeding pairs of 5wainson's hawks' were estimated in California, and 280 (75°x) of those pairs were estimated to be in 6e ,Centra, Valley (Bloom icm): In 1983, 241 active breeding pairs were found in the Central Valley, with an additional 18 active pairs known in northeastern California. The 1989 poptilation estimate was 430 pairs for the Central Valley and 550 pairs statewide. This difference in population estimates, reflect increased survey intensity, not an actual' population increase. FSASONS FOR DECLINE The dramatic population decline from historic levels has-been attributed to loss of native nesting and foraging habitat, and more recently from the conversion of agriculture to urban uses, changes to incompatible ra-op; types and loss of suitable nesting trees. In addition, pest ryidet, shooting, disturbance at the nest site; and other disturbances on wintering areas may have contr ibuted to their decline. The loss of nesting habitat within riparian areas' has been accelerated by flood control practices and bank stabilization programs: Smith (1977) estimated that in 1850 over 770,000 acres of riparian habitat were present in the Sacramento V6116y alone. Today less than 12,000 acres of riparian habitat remain. A 98% decrease in riparian vegetation has been documented within the Central Valley (Katibah 1983). in summary, management needs of the Central Valley population of Swanson's hawks include ensuring the availability of suitable nesting habitat through the 1) preservation and recruitment of suitabi-� nesting trees, 2) protection of existing nesting habitat from destruction or disturbance, 8) rnntenabtd of compatible agricultural practices to preserve forage habitat, and 4) mitigation for loss of breeding and/or g g p local agen'es must be, continued fora � in habitat. C.o+�rdita.ation and coo enation with to prevent further habitat destruction from development projects: I 6 MITIGATION CRlTIIZIA GOAL: NO NET LOSS OF SWAIN HAWKS NESTING pR FORAGING l !. Cansultation under (Californi F. ndar�gered Species Act a EA Qnvironmental Quality Act (CEQA) ' ),and/or California , 1. Pro'ectConsultatlan Project proponent must consult with the;DFG regardln N an endangered species yr its habitat g take Pursuant to Se of CESA, and appropriate Fish and Game Code sec -ction 2081 ns. A. Pursuant to Article 4 of CFSA, State agencies are e ' o ensure authorized funded or carried t�uc that any action e uired to consult with the DFG t not Jeopardize the continued e.tistence of any endangered state ag(!ncy !I species. 2. CE A anSubdivision Mao Act Project p P ged to consult the De ar California 3tiatura! Divers'' P cm. en ra Orients are et7Coura receive Updated locational tinfvoainata Scion S dase andean Barrie Section to hawk territories, 'Due to the complexities of individual wainson's,_ advisable that de'+elopers or others Planning 1 cases, it is that may impact one Ormore Stvalnsoh'`s hawk, oCerrta i actions co n with the D es initiate mrntincato epartment as early as possible: A. C Q A Guidelines Sec. I5065 directs that a mandatory findingof significa,�ce is required for' projects that have the potential to substandiallyj degrade or reduce the habitat of Or restrict the 'range of'a t`lreatened or endangeredspent p ease es rfe agencies to Implement feasible mitigat,orf measures or feasible alternatives identified ih E1R's for projects which will otherw!se cause. significant adverse impacts Sections, 21002, 21081, 2108;x; Guidelines; sectio 1502, subd: (a)C;ij, 15021; subd. (a(2), 15091, subd. 'a , To be legally adequate, mitigation measures must be capable of "avoiding the impact altogether b certain action Or parrs Of an actioiy y hot taking ", minimizing impacts by 1lmiting the degree or magna ude of the action and its tmplemen[ation�'► "redtify'in9 the hbadt by r"epairing, J r .c c a i rehabilizating.or restoring the impacted, environment'; "or reducing; or eliminating the impact over time by preservation and maintenance operations during the life of the:, action." (Guidelines, section 15370). B. Section 66474 (e) of the Subdivision Map Act states "`a legislative body of a city or county shall deny approval of a tentative map or parcel map for which a tentative map was not required, if it makes,any of the following find ngs:,..(e) that the design of the subdivision or the proposed improvements are likely to cause substantial environmental damage or substantially and avoidably injure fish and Wildlife or their habitat. In recent court cases, the court upheld that Section 6' provides for environmental a 'p view separate from and independent of the un act re requirements of CEQA (Topanga Assnfor a, Scenic Cammunity, v. County of Los Angeles, 263 Gal. Rptr. 214 (1989).)., "rhe finding in Section 66474 is in addition to the requirements for t.ne preparation of an EIR or Negative Declaration: Ui. ZJa I inten.-ince of breeding pairs and their babitat. 1 _Prevention of dls.turbance at the nest site, A;,--No-disturbance should occur within 112 M1161-of anactive nest between March 1 - August 1.5: If the nest tree is to be removed and fledglings are present, the nest'tree may not be removed until September 15. if construction or other project related activities which may cause ,nest mile buffer lone Intensived fledging are proposed within this 1I2 abandonment or forced monitoring (funded by the project sponsor) by a Department approves raptor biologist will be reQuired. Exact implementation' of this inaasure Will be based upon specific J,neormation at the project site. 1 Prevention, of loss,tif, nest trees, A, Projects should be design6d to; avoid direct and indirect Impacts to nest trees. B. Revegetation of historical nesting habitat with suitable native nest trees spec..,s Ce.g,, oaks, Cottonwoods, s"ycambees, etc..) adjacent to adequate forage Habitat shall GB,,NVRA.L. PL A2 REtFI51 QN FOR ENERG w NATM,AL RESOUPCtS .AND RECREATION., ELEMENT Revision to 5.a} Fire Hazards phisting and Potential, Ifazards The Calci„forni,a Do artment of Forestry and Fire Prmteotion and :he }butte Goonti* .Vire Department Protect an overall area of appro::imatel. 1#600 square miles, =;i th a population00'. The Fire _, #�epa:rtt�ent cape�i�,tes with si;�teenf,uca i' nearly 1t}t?,Cl ll tame Stations Tgh.toh, reo.pondad �.�. a totalof S;, 122 emergency alarms in 1990, Pa.rtment activities +•Moll are oobnt�,`wide in nature in olude Fire De 1a Watershed fire Protection which benefits all oourit residents hV prosea`vin cry tac l es al waterPP , recreational opportuniti.'es, Vi.ew,% and�,Ti.ldlil�e habitat; 2) i lrater��.De artmenta:i. coordinationof all mutual aid P fire. and rescue rtesoutces between federal, strate, count.tik and city 6genei;es, and, 3)i Raok-up suppajrt, 'for,the three oa�ty departments oil udi1 ? all multilyla-alarm ihoidont' and same i` rst alarm incidents, prbVides first response iri the mb�at The tc,l^unteer Pxr�fi titer Prog raml rural arenas in the c lfttY and braok..up in. the more urbanised areas with i#,th response levels,, The program con:.1ists of tiaent ;v One tNcmpari es with a combined staffilIg of 4!( voitinteers, in Addition to tfiie ” o ,ixritee,i Fi ref.i hte PrbgMm � the Eire Department is aided bV the �ka1ipurnia Departmert,t� r�i' �'orest:z�� and Pine Protection, El Media 'i`i.r �oiretior► 1stri,�, , Forrest Co:and the C ties c t'hiota, x*otika.11e and Paradise,. 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