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84-6 DEER HERD COMMITTEE 5 OF 33
r acorn, production occurs every 2.,3 Years (Roy, 1962). Recent information from McDonald, pears. comm, and Walter C. Graves indicate that California black oak x 198.2 (on pod will have medium -or- better acorn. drops every 4-3 years. Consequently the percent of aren_ occupied by black aak aggregations may need to be increased if black + oak acorn production in the subject area appears to be cYe,iia in 4-5 Year intervals. If hardwood a ggregaltions composed of black oakp tanoak and madrone, mixture are managed for wildlife purposes, the following information may be useful. Tanoak on, good sites, appears to have a medium -to- batter acorncorp every 2-3 years. Pacific madrone aPpnrentl` y has. a medium -to -better berry crop evOry 3-4 years. There is no known information about acorn crop periodicity for evergreen oaks (McDonald, pens. comm.), taformation about, blue oak (Quercus dou,glassi ) indicates that an average acorn crop occurs on alternating years Nalter C. Craves, :1982). b• Older age -class group (60-200 years) of hardwoods. A PPrP'cimately 15- 20% of the key deer Winter range should be ocdvpied by aggregations o this age-ClassgrowP, ie,10 -20 acres/100 acres. This percentage of area occupation is based on an ideal aggregation dominated by 20+ inch d.b.h. ahlifornia black oaks with 36+ feet diameter crowns, and it further assumes that these trees arP producing the amount of acorns that would normally occur during am average -to -good mast year. %f the aggregation is dominated by tanoak or madrone or if the oaks present have low :mast productivity) the amount of area Occupied by hardwoods shOulld be increased to include additional mast Y producing oaks:. c. Younger age -class group (IL0- or 20-80 yearns) of hardwoods, Approxi- by mately 15-20% of the key (leer winter range should be occupied aggre- gations of the age -Class, ie. 15-20 acres/100 acres with good represen"w tation of all ages between 10 (or 20) to 80 years being present. Thin age -class ,group would be inaintained for replacement of the older age - class group as trees became decadent and were harvested. d. Sprout plantations (1-10 years) or seedling plantations (L-20 years) of hardwoods.. Approximately 2.5% of the key deer winter range should be occupied by plantations if 10 -year cutting cycles and sprout planta- tions ate emphasized, OR approximately 5% of the key deer, winter range should be occupied by plantations if 20 -year cutting cycles and seed- lin plantations are emphasized. it is assumed that it will require ling p p approx. 10 years for a'sprout plantation to become established and approxi 20 years for a seedling plantation to become established. e. Summary of area occupied by hardwoods. Approximately 30-407:of the subject area should be occupied by the two age -classes of hardwoods plus an additional 2.5-57 of the area would be occupied by hardwood plantations: So the amount of area that should be occupied by hardwoods will range from 32,,5 to 457 depending on the mast production, establishment and growth of the younger hardwood stands in the entire subject area. F. Management of hardwood islands remaining in timber harvest areas. If hardwood aggregations are managed as islands in tractor -logged regenerations cuts (clear -cuts) overstbry 'removal of 4helter000d6cuts); -M— the table below can be used as a general guide for the number of islands to manage (Gottschall, 1979,). Size of cut units (acres) Number of Islands 4 5 1 6 10 2 11 20 3 21 - 30 4; Recommendations are not provided for size of islands. That should be a site-specific decision, based on: 1) the number of hardwood trees that are adjacent to each other, -2) the mast. or fruit I)roducztivity of the remaining hrrdwood trees, 3) the age -class of the 'remaining trees, and 4) per cent of acreage occupied by hardwoods in ;the entire subject area, eg. compartment, watershed, etc. 5. Stand Management Prescriptions for the Hardwood Aggfregations maintained for Key Deer Winter Range. a_. older Age -class stands (80-200 years). Should be 55-60 ft2 of basal area/Acre for aggregations Located on. good sites (Site I and II). On poorer sites, basal area should probably be reduced to 45-50 ft2 of BA/acre. This basal area will also enhance preferred understory vegetation. tt has been suggested that in thinning operations that the , trees with large spreading crowns by allowed to remain in the stand, maximt,zing the crown -size -to -trunk -diameter `ratio. The underlying rationale for, this action Is that trees with large spreading crowns have a higher roast productivity than the narrow taller trees (McDonald, 1979; Escano and Y'amanaka, 1973), 95i. oun er Age -class ,stands (10- or 20-80 years). Should be 100-125 ft2 b. Y, S basal area/acre for aggregations located oa ;good sites (Site T and xi), 0n poorer sites, basal area should probably be reduced to 80-9,5 ft2/acre. During thinning operations in these younger state hardwood trees of seed origin should be favored instead of 'trndn from stump sprouts (seed origin trees tend to have straighter boles and potentially Will bear fruit (acorns) at an earlier age. c. Conifers in Hardwood Aggregations. If conifers occur naturally in the hardwood aggregations (up to 40% composition of sts%id or aggregation), conifers should be retained at 10-19% of stand composition to enhance wildlife habitat, eg. cover, nesting or denuing site:t food sou"_' etc. Some large Conifers may be maintained for nest trans or girdled or injected to provide large diaaeter snags after an analysis has taken ber of snags .n the area and comparison with the Forest place on the num snag policy - 6 prescribed Rotations :,for Hardwoods A re ations Hardwood trees (p articularly oaks and tanoaks) greater than 160-250 years old should be harvested because mast production may be reduced. after this age and heart rot becomes significant at 110-120 years for the oaks. An intermediate value of 200 years is suggested for the harvest age Black to "d rout vigorousl when 200+ years old. oak tends to lose the ability p Y of black oak stands is going to be dependent Consequently if reger►eraticin ould be harvested prior to or When .the stands on resproutng, the stands sh or oak regeneration should be done are 200 years old. Gutting "f between December and RAY for better stump sprouting (O S.F.S. 1973) -95- 0 however cutting and especially tree removal may be hazardous to tate soil and watershed. The hazard may be reduced if tree removal .is delayed until June or July. At leastone old. (200- year-old) living hardwood tree should be allowed to remain per 5 acres to serve as a nesting/cavity tree for wildlife (Gary Hartmen, pens. comm.). There should also be a few hardwood trees present -that are between 80-200 years old to be possible replacement trees if the nesting/cavity tree dies. 7. Recommended Tim berinv. Practices to maximize Edge Effects. All vegetative edges of a regeneration cut or manipulation project should be scalloped as much as is feasible to maximize edge, effects. For cable efficiency logging operations, the edges should be scalloped to the maximum of the y in arder (Phil Aune, Pers. comm.). ';;he scalloping activity increases P g Y i the amount of edge/acre which increases the value of the out or project for wildlife purposes. M w 1 REFERENCES CITED Aune, Phil - Personal Communication, U.S. Forest Service - Forest Silviculturist, Tahoe National Forest, 'Nevada City, CA. Boss, Al, et al., 1978. Oaks and Wildlife Guidelines. Interim California black oak Management Policy, Shasta -Trinity National Forest, Redding, Calif oniia. Escano, Ronald and Gordon Yamanaka. 1973. Baseline data on California black oak (uercus Lmllov%ii_, Newb.') with emphasis on Ponderosa Pine -Associated Communities. Administrative atudy conducted from 2 July 1973-31 'December 1973. Tahoe 'National Forest, Nevada City, California. Gotrschall, Glenn, Al Boss, Harry Hopkins and Charly Price, 1919. Guidelines for timber and wildlife management coordination in regeneration cutting for the El Dorado National Forest, Region 3, U.S. Forest Service, Graves, Walter C. 1982. The dependency of upland game on Oak Mast Production. Job Progrtda Report for Project Number W -41-R-30. Period covered for report; 7/1/81 6/3.0/82. California Fish and Came. Graves, Walter C. Personal communication) California Fish and Game, Wildlife Biologist, Chico; California. Hartman, Gary - Personal communication, U.S. Forest Service='Fores,t Wildlife Biologists Tahoe National Forest, Nevada City, California. ;McDonald, Philip Personal :communication. USDA, Forest Service, Research Forester, Pacific Southwest Forest and. Range Experiment Station, Berkeley, CA. Stationed at Redding, California. '.9g» 0 11 ycDonald, Philip. 1n press. A local volume table for Pacific madrone, tanoalc and California blacV oak on a good site iD. North-Central California, USDA., USDA, Forest Service. McDonald, Philip. 1979. Growth of thinned and unthinned hardwood stands' in the North Sierra Nevada - Preliminary findings. Symposium on Eco;loey, Management and U tiliza tion of California Oaks, Claremont, California. June .26-28, 1979. pp. 119-.127 Silt►iculture-ecology of three native California McDonald, phi lip. 1478. hardwoods on high sites it North central California. Ph.D. Dissertation, Oregon State Universityr Corvallis. A09 PP - McDonald, Philip. 19(.9- Sslvigz! charadteristics of California black oak uercu;s kello iii, tiewb.). 20 �pp., USDA, Forest Service Research Paper PSW-53>. McDonald, Philip and David Olson* press. in Silvical characteristics of pacific madrone (Arbutus.menzies,i, Pursh.). Manuscript to edition be in new e of USDA Silvi,cs Book. � P: kinore,, and Tom Atzet. Publication due in 1983., South" McDonald Philips Don ern California Hardwoods. Agricultural Han.dboolc No. 445.western Ozeg on North Silvicultural Systems for the Major 'Forest Types of, the United States: Donald and Barbara Johnston. 1979: An Approach to managing "California potter., Black Oak and Hardwoods on a deer Minter range„in Central California. Symposium on EcologY, Management and Utilization of California Oaks, Claremont, California. June 26-28, 1979. pp, 112-116; .99.. l Roy., Douglass, F. 1962. Calif otuia Hardwoods s Management praatice6 and problems. Journal of Forestry 60: 184--186. Hal; Ste hen Holl and dike Ross (Edit.), 1982. Dear habitats in 5alwasser, , P California; Deer ecology and habitat relationship models for inventory, planning and management. Unpublished Forest Service internal document. Ta eines, John and Philip McDonald. 1979. Preliminary 'recommendations for pp managing California Black Oak in the Sierra Nevada. Symposium on the Ecology, Management, and Utilization of California Oaks, Claremont, California. June 26-28, 1979• pp. 107-111. U.S.F.S. 1973. The hospitable oak, coordination guidelines tot wildlife habitats, No. 3. U-S, Forest Services, California Region. A. nx opo;tcrd ]Zcvised Butto County Dog Ordinance oxl.st i,ng Courtly Dog Uzct:ittGlnce l�:i.visa.on 1� of Food and Agra.cu:Ltut",rl Code 1',cg7rlation nttcl Licensing of Dogs. B- Responsibilities of Department of Fish aj d GretnaLocal agencies, Prolacrty Owners (prepared by Mike Evans) , C. Lottor front I)opa-rttnent of Fish and Game, dated February 24, 1-98,1 about december 1983 migratory deer herd Maps. D• Articles entitled "11"ha:t is Door Habitat and Holr Cjrt It be Manngrtl7 and Feeding Strategy of Doer handout and notes ;Grunt Door Iior(I Nia7ta gement Series" held in Chico on February 8, 13, all(] j5, 1984. E. Art,i.cl-e�; crttitled "Converting Chaparral to Grassl.artcl ttcrea;ses. Soil Fey t.LtiYy". F. Article entitled "Evaluating the Profitability o f lirttsli Management ttxlrl Oak Tree Thinning for Range Iniprovemont", G. 1.ettrr frarn Dcl�urtme,nt of Fis], and Came meted I•tarCh 29, 1983 addressin Migratory d=eer hard winter range losses to resx4oftt i a'1 development in Butte County. II. Lotter front Department of Fish and Came date,:' February 10, 1983 T)ertairting to Areas of Special Biological Impt,..'tatice and Migratory deer herds. 1 Letter from Department Of Fish and Game dated January 31., 1983, co�ye1°ring the three tigra.tory deer herds which uti hliaa Butte Cattnty, rtnt: ng encs, license per zone, doer take Per ),car , deer harvest and doer populations per herd. Lotter front Department Fish and Game dated January ft, .1983 dealing With migratory door in the Butte (Iottrtt), footballs. Minutes front the Docrmber 21, 1982 meetitt�g of the Board of Supe7Yvisors� motion on a tent 4,1.0 ��tlaout tl�o 40 acre minxrrtum parcel, size recommended bY the States Department of Fish aatd Carate. Lector front Department Of Fish and Canto dated March 30 1952 r0gardin t}te c}tange act t�econttnettclat;ioas front 20 to 40 acre mi,ttintu, p�arcel,s S.il .� xt:t}ortatat ciccz ��:i rttr.z�°ttttgot Assembly m11 No, 1.521 Of 19.E Subdivision, Map tact as atnendecl Jant:tary 1, 1,984 �octlon 66474. C1, }; r�allf tram Larttt 1 s0 li'lontettt of Butt,,` Caunty Conoral. I'l;tlY, O .tobe.r, 1.979: 1.� I''cc'cr'15t front Upen Space .l:'I cAmont Or Butte County General. Plan 1913, 1 �k Lotter from Department Fish and Came dated Felyrt. ary 24 1984 in- dicating that the December 1983 migratory deer. hood maps for Futte County supersede the migratory deer herd in-rormatxon contained in the 1979 ASBZ 'Map rratura.l Habit t Combining District 'and Building Sy t le Cpml�ining District, Lassen County; meajis used to address residential tJov�el.ol mertt within recognised wildlife areas . :, 'S.. Unified Sportsmen of D2X Information; Deor Tag In ;,t ructiQns 112, 113: jIitI APPENIDIX "A" PROPOSED REVISED BUTTE COUNTY DOG ORDINANCE, ..,� .ed The Provisions of this ordinance shall aPP'y too the Lrninc 0TP ora, `tt l :ls elo ed, or voTy loj density Yesidelltza:l areas ait the fo" uzlcl ev P rt�tcl nrorrntains east oL Eiinhway 99 (see Exhibit ;t:rr,allabic at Butte 4 " �art;ntent, 7 Coullty Center Dr .ve, Orovj.11f-, .Cor ,O,,ilty I, ;l rlrtning Dep,t s�icc'fi-e 1ocn.tiolxs 1q}i.prr ore 111nre api�] ies In Uily jIistail.ce in which a dog Or dogs is/aTo olt„,eTved killing, ;ic;c�tott 114> the r�rouiading, or pursuing uleex , e�;ccpt as noted .ctt this action iatay kill the dog (s) if they are ail icor .n bservin� or ai*e on OIV71 property, have the permission► of the 1and.ol�11 er, ct , tt,S. Pores Service, Buroau of band Tanagemerlt 4 lands (c:o etc:. The proti inions of 5octoiis 112 aid 113 shell riot appy Y, to ltiy of the following r porch y or within ally, a. An)' area r�`til.'n elle cop �: l i.rrt is of �n city, dcvelo�ed rural of osit3,enti,il :zea. 14it}i lot Sues of Less t}1,121 three >J � r1t1y dogs l�eillg used £oi• the purl,rrse a:f lil��fitl traiilitt or llttlztitt cl>triltg presc:rihetl dog training or hunting seasons, c, bogs i►1 the irtmerliato p ese11ce, Gild under diroC control of the owl er: The clog must be in c�.()sc' pro�,as�%t,y to the ot,�nc,i” Inc] the or�ner must demo'lst"to effective contt•ol Of the dog, etre of this a�fi do no ty��ot*isle a 1c�Eyaj z."easotz toiltr�� zti".tl provision'sµ b �e5otl_ authori7od trespass. Offemling dors stay he shot; oilly y a,ltt or Pet}rr ;: 1011 tet e all tlrct lsz•oizei t *. All incidents occurring under this provision, W1W t`IIctz or not the oRfending dog or dogs are shot, must be reported to ;local l�Ily enforcement officials including Department of F-IS11 and Came personnel 4-1.4 ANIMALS 4 4-1.5 If .rny such condition occurs on the ownevl�s pretilism the distvirt attornay, ;after revieNN, and ins pstigatiox , is author - Ned to institute abatement proceedingns against the oNvner of such dog in the manner provided by late. The remedy herein provided is nonexclusive and may be pursued singularly or coneurrently with any penal process provided for :any violation of any provision sof this chapter. (Orel. No, 898; Orcd. No. 2009, § 1., 3-27-79; Ord. No. 2085, S 1, 7,17-7J) Sec. 4-1.4. Penalty for violations of sections 4.1, 4-1.1, 4-1.3, 4-15. Any person violating ally provision of sections X1-1, 44,8 and 4-1.5 shall be guilty of a misdemeanor, punishable by a fine or fines of !rot less than fifteen dollars ($15.00) for tlm first offense occurring dul-Ing any licens e y4ar; of not .less than fifty dollars ($50.00) for a second offeri�Ae during any license yeas. ; and of not leis than one hundred dollars ($100.00) for a third or sults"rluent offers, e oceuit'ing in said license Year: (Ord. No. 808; Ovd. No, lilt, ,� 1, 5.18-"r ,i; Ord. No. l 1639, § 1, 11-4-75, Ord. No. 2000, § J, Z'31-27-79- Orel. No. 22.:)-4,' See, 4-1.5. Dogs rrucithio at larger—Prohibited, Notwithstanding, anythi ig to the contrary in section 44 throtigh 44.3, this section ;,hall apply in (lit utlincorpnrated arewq of the county a3 de drilled in F�ectron 1-1.G, Witlibi ther unincorporated areae dcscrilrerd :in ,fEcticlri 4.1.0, it shall be linlaw. ul .frau pewon owning, fXI. sae; a1*nl, r,r )Javinc_� ctistsady or control of a (Ing to allow oi- permit 'tach ilog, whether It censed or unReprised, to he or run in t11` ilpoll illy pr b1nr pr1- nate place oi, pre>ills", within the colrlty o`lier thins tl.ate oE' su h owmer or custodian, except in the follo"xin„ in;trcxrms; (a) V11011 00 private liromi rci:; of at�n r��r�, by a.ncl tvtth the consent of till, owrel' Of suc+h lrrit'ah! pri-1111180s; (b) U11Mr a P"blio strcel',cidowitllt cir' teat 'Nubile tpir(ler; flee . uffeective control of OW pV,V::,n NOV) hal 010 doe under 8-'Ijq, �J•i , i ( B7JVrE COUNTY Con' s 4ws a control by a leash as (Refilled 11 rein, c. pable of con- trollint and Who does maintain effective C4)11irol of such clog, at all tine, to the unR that sueli clog shall glut be allowed to commit any act of nuisance. "Leash" is hereby defined as a flexible rt7,pe, strap, cord or chain, r not over eight (8) reek in length, of slIch strength .nil design as to be capable of .rest -ruining the clog for Which it is being used to lead or re tr.iin. (Ord. No. 2254, c Scc. 4-1.G. SMme--.Apptimble territory. Tile urban areas to which rtection 4-1.5 i; aplilicable are knONVII as 1"aradise .Pines and More specifically~ according to .'i IM 1) on file with the county clerk. (Ord, No, 2254, § 21 71-13.81) Sec, 4.2. Registry#ion t•equired of dot; owners, Every Mersin t )Io lives; in the tua1nc01 —a`ed area of the count`' and N010 o 118 or keeps a dog that is over four (4) a naliths 0111 shall register his do annually during the month v of July or within thirty (31"') day.; sifter such dog reaches the age of four (4) months or Nvithin thirty (t 0) daoys after suell Per$011 Moves into the twincprpormt d areae Of the county, Thr: Clog li, n; a is, ued pursuant to this section %hall lye olid from July '1 through Anne 30 of the 'ftrllowin year, Eaell licelTse(rq"�!StratiolT) JAsued shall contain the fiscal Ye -'W fer Which said license is ralirl, (Ord. Nti. 620, a 1; Ord l;o. 2009, § 1, 3-27-79, Ord. No, 2tx=�;,;5 1, 7-17-70 Ord, No. 2114, C 1, G-10-80 Sec. 4.-3. Licenso required o1 l;tartr.l c+rrner . lam!",pry pert;on N4I;o owns or etvw, ' a kennel or othpl` l.11.a.;o in' thc- luniti 01-1xenAptl areas Of tLe county wher& murt� t11.1Tt t five ("" t arts kept �e11` � �i tt tloTT,* t ,rjyose, training, :.ale c �' otht ,'i sl Ia trfutt �. ail Ia:11 A k'�'Ilr �l lik-t11.:a� duriTTtaaa of 3Y�ul3of c.tcli ye !- or uitliin thirty (;1+J d' n: t 4= kennel is establi h€,,1. tOrd. �Yo. 620 c , No, 2000 � �! 3 2l. r?lj r � i, ()rd, 96 Y 1.0011 AND AC it1C ULTURA I, CODE 399 DIVISION 14.a1�iREGULATION��1 r�# � AND LI � Ss G UIQ+ DOCS CHAPTER 1, Cal-'\. IAL PROVISIONS 0hapter I L111110H by Stats 1t7. Ch 151 30501. If the prop"isfo►ns of Sec:kiurts 308ii1, 30502, 30803 308011 30805, 311952, 31105, 31.1(1(), 31107, 31103, 31152, 31153, 31M51. 31��a., and 31254 have been t► lopied by,nce the board of supervisors of ally county, [furl the govern lyody of an}- City which is located within "nthin thcation c )f the provis the e,confiiteiEs of such lcity such sections shall ►also 11110Y within the city, {Enacted by Stats, IW#. G4 1511 'his issued .30502. Any dog license tat; whic'by" any city [fuel county or city constitutes cornlsliance with this division crit is fss►Tell pursuant to an ordinance which tines all of the follow n6< fay Substantially conn licit with this division, ib6 Provides for the wearing of the license tag upon the Collar of the og. i i 400 FOOD AND AcRicUL`IURAL CODE 306,5, If a claim is allowed, it shall be paid from the fund Which is provided for in this chapter in the same manner as other claims against the county are paid. (Enacted by Stats. 1967, Ch. 15.) CHAPTER 3. Doc TAGS (Chapter 3 enacted by State, 1967, Cls, 151 30501, If 25 electors Nvhose names appear upon the last preceding assessment roll of the county as owners of domestic livestock rile a petition with the board of supervisorsof the county which requests the board to do so, the board of Supervisors shall provide far the annual issuance of serVily numbered metallic dog license tags The dog license tags shall bet (a) Stamped with the name of the county and the year of issue. (b) Unless the board of supervisors designates the animal control: department to issue the tags, issued by the county clerk directly or through judges of justice or, municipal courts, to owners of dogs, that make application. (Amended by Sinks. 19M, Ch. 1181_) 30£102, Lath application for a dog license tag shall state the age sex, color, and breed of the dog for which the license is desired and the address of the owner, (Enacted by Stats. 1967, Ch, 151 30803. The county clerk or animal control department shall en- dorse upon the application for a dog license tag the number of the license tag issued, All applications which have been endorsed shall be kept on file in the office of the county clerk or animal control department open to public inspection, (Amended by Stats, 1969, Ch. 1181.1; 308N. The fee for the issuance of the dog license tag is fifty cents ($0.50). The board of supervisors may, however, increase the fee. (Enaoted 0804.5.b 'Whenever h. 15,1 by Stats, y g do license tags are issued pursuant to :this division, an such to sha be tssued for one-half or, less of the fee required for a do , if a certificate is presented from a licensed veteri• nation that the Tog hal,been spayed or neutered'. (Added by Stats, 1973, Ch. 3611 39803. The board of super%,!$; rs shoji fix the compensation of the county clerk or, animal mc}ntrol department for issuing dog license tags, (Amended by stats. 1969, M 1181.1 30806. In any county that does not have an animal control depart - Ment, the county clerk shall perform the functions assigned to the county animal control departtlient in this chapter, (Addrd by ,Sines, 1%k % Ch, 1181.) 301307. Any licensed kennel may be exempted pursuant to regula- tion or ordinance from any requiretnent to obtain a license tag for each clog within the kerinel. (Added 1)), Snits. 1973, (%, 561 1 1 FOOD AND ACHICUIXURAL CODE 401, CnAp-rim 4. 11MM A'i"ION (Chapter a enacted by Stats. 199. Ch. 15) 30951. It is unlawful for any person to own, harbor, or keep any Clog over the age of four months, or to perrnit such a dog which is owned, harbored. or controlled by him to run at large, unless thee dog hasattached to its neck orleg a substantial callar on which one of the following is fastened: (a) A metallic tag which gives the name and post office address of the owner. (b) A, metal license tag which is issued by the authority of a county, city and county, or any municipal corporation for the pur- pose of identifying the dog and designating the owner. (Amended by Stats, IW7, Ch. 5a3.) 30952. It is unlawful for any person to attar^h a license to to the collar of any dog except the dog which is described in the application for such 14cense tag, (Enueted by Stats. 1967`, Ch. 15.) 30953. E .,ccept as otherwise ,provided in this division, it is unlawful For any person to kill, injure, or impound any dog, if the owner of the dog has Compiled with the provisions of this division. (;Enacted by Stats. 1967, Ch. 15.) 30954, It is unlawful for any person to permit any female dog which is owried, harbored, or controlled by hirci, to run at large at any time during the period when the dog is in heat or breeding condi- tiofm "nacted'by Stats. 1967, Ch. 15.) It is unlawful for l any' person to permit any dog which is V" , harbored, or controllers by him to run at large on any farm oil which livestock or domestic fowls aro kept, without the consent. of the owner of the (army, except for herding livostook, hunting or reaso, Ireortin tc control or call of h compeon nertor the agent os when the f his og is (Enacted by Slats. 1967, Ch. 15.) 30956, in an action for violation of Section 3()955, the court may stay imposition of a sentence and order the defendant to compensate the owner of the farm in an amount equal to the Bost of the damage done by the defendant's dog. if the defendant refut=es to compensate the owner under this section, the court shall impose the appropriate setitenc tr Acceptance b the owner of compensation under this section pre - eludes that poison from bringing an action tender any other law for damages caused by the defendant's dog, (Added by Stats 1931, Ch. 457.) C14ApTrij 5, K1raI,tNU ANIS Si;"IzUT (Chapter 5 enacted by Staas 1967, Ch, Is) Article 1, Generally (Article, I enacted by Stats 1961, Ch, 15) 01101, Ally clog which is found running; tit large without the iden- { 402 FOOD AND ,ACR1CuLrU AL CODE tificiition tag or dog license: tag which is required pursuant to Suction. 30351 may be seized and impounded by any peace officer. (Enacted by Stats. 1967; Ch. 15.) 311.02. Uxcept in an area in which the provisions of article 2 (commencing with Section 31151) of this chapter apply, or as other• anise provided in Section 31104, any person may kill any dog in any of the following cases. (a) The dog is found in the act of killing, wounding, orpersistently pursuing or worrying livestock or poultry, on land or premises which are not owned or possessed by the owner of the dog. (b) The person hes such proof as conclusively shoats that the (log has been recently engaged in killing or wounding livestock or hotel» try on land or premises which are not owned or possessed by the dog's owner. No rection, civil or criminal, shall be maintained for the killing of any such dog. (Enacted by stats. 1967, Ch. 15.) 31103. Except in an area in which the provisions of article 2 (commencing with Section 31151) of this chapter apply or as other- wise provided in Section 31104, tiny dog entering any, enclosed or unenclosed property upon which livestock or poultry, are confined may be seized or killed by the owner or tenant of the property or by any employee of the owner or tenant, No action, civil or .criminal; shall be maintained against the owner, 'tenant, or employee for the seizure or killing of any such dog, (Enacted by Stats. 1567, Ch. 15.) 31104. The; provisions of Sections 31102 and 31103 shall not apply to any dog which is inside the corporate limits of any cite, or city and county; or to any dug which is udder the reasonahle control of his owner or keeper, unless the do, is actually caught in the act or worrying, wounding, chasing, orkilling any livestock or poultry, {Lnacted by Stats. 1967, Ch. 15.) 31105. The board of supervisors shrill provide for both of the fol- lowing: (a) The taking up and impounding of all dos which are found running at lar e in violation of any provision of this divisiott. (b) The killing in some humane manner or other disposition of any dog which is impounded. (Enacted by Stats. 19M, M 15.) 31106. The boardof su ervisors may appoint proper persons to take up, impound, and l,il & s iursuant to this division or it may, enter into a contract with an , tlU vane society or other organization or association which MH do both of the rollowing: (a) Undortake to carry out the provisions of this division regard- ing the taking up, impounding, and killing of dogs. (b) Give a proper bond in whatever amount may be Axed by the board of supervisors for the faithful performance of the contract. (Enacted by Stats. 1967, Ch. 15.) 1.1432 t C FOOD AND AU1i1Gt1jJ't.iRAL C ObE 403 31107, No dog Which is impounded pursuant to this division shall be killed or otherwise disposed of without notice to the owner, if he is known. (Enacted by Stats. 1367, Ch. 15.) 31103, No dog; W1111011 is impounded pursuant to this division shall be killed before 72 hours have elapsed from the time of the taking up of the dog. (Enacted by Stats, 156'1, Ch. 15.) 31109. Any dog which is found strayins; on any farm wher r live° stock Are kept, which has attached to its cOllar the identification tai; or dog license to prescribed by Section 30951, May be taken up, ilnpoundedi And detained in tha same manner as described in this division, The person taking up the dog may recover from tli(, owner, in any court hav t glurisdiction, the fees fixed by the Ward or $u )Or visors for taking tip and keeping tinlieensed and unid011hfied ( cgs, together with costs. (Enacted by Stats. '1567, Ch. 151 Article 2, Optional Provisioni (Article 2 enacted by Slats 15W, Ch. 1Si 31151, The provisiois of Sections 31102 and 31'133 shall trot apply in any area of a county in which the board of supervisors has pros vided, by resolution, that the provisions of this article apply, (,Enacted by Stats. 1961, C11. 15.) 31152. Any person may kill any dog in any area of a County in which the provisions of this article apply in any of the foi lowing casest (a) The dog is found it, the act of killing, wounding;, or persistently pursuing possessed by the owner of the dog,license tag n land or es (b) The dog( has no readily v T owned or livestack or poultry. ° dale Idetitif�'t:utt�n n to ot prescribed by Section 30951 turd is worrying livOtoc t or poultry on land or premises not owned or possessed by the owner of the dot;, If the dog has on him any readily visible identification tag; or license tag prescribed by Section 39951, and the dog; is found in the act of w �ossesse l f the dog, the do ttlay only be killed if th orryin h liyvestock or the owner poultry on land or premises not owned o slog; hits, and ilio owner has been notifiod tat the dog; has, previously so worried livestock or poultry, (c� The parson has such proof as conclusively shotes that the dogge� hasbeen recently engaged in killing;; or woiiitding; livestock or poulY try on land or premises not otrtted or possessed by 1�ie dog's owner, No action, civil or criminal, shall be mainttiined far ; illing a dog its authorized by this section. iEnaetnd by Stilts AV, Ch 15.} 31153. Any dog; entering any +~tielpberl or unenclosed property upon which livestock or poultry? are conhnrd nttty be a��f' ed b?" tltc otvrltVr or tetlaiit of the prol7erty or any tSlnployeo* (If the owner or tenant, No tycoon, civil or criminal, shall l»� maintained ngtiiust the owp ner, tet►ant, or en loyoo for aw, scizore of iliijR sunt dog. tl:naCtttt) by SCals. 150,1, t.:h 1`'i } 404 FOOD AN!) AC1t1CUL'IURAL COD C HAPTEn 6. 14NES FOR IMPOUNDING (Charmer 6.enacted by Stats. 1967, Ch, 15) 31251. The board of supervisors of each county shrill fix the foe for impounding any clog and the amount which is to be paid for keeping the clog, (Enacted by stats. W. Ch, 15.) 31252. if the impoundin y of a dog is done by an appointee of the board of supervisors or by 11 hunlatie society or other ort;tuiization or association which has entered into a contract for impounding dogs, Ole, fees for taking up, impounding, and keeping the dog shall be a charge upon the county treasury, to be paid as other olaima<,against. the count), re paid. (Enacted by 'Stats. 1967, Ch, 15.) 31251 if a dog which has been impounded is claimed by the owner, the fee for impounding and keeping the dog, as fixed by the board of supe.,rvisors, still be paid by the owner to the person, organa- zaton, or association which has custody, of the dog, to be retained by him or them. No charge for fees pertaining to 'tile dog shall be paid by the board of supervisors. (Enacted by Stats 1%7, Ch. 15.) 31254. The refusal or failure of the owner of any such dog to pay the fee and char� es after due notification shall be held to be an, abandonment of (lie dog by the owner, (Enacted by Stats. 15(17, Ch. 15.) 31255. An an mal control officer of ally cot) rity, if so authorized by the board of Supiyrvisors of any such county, or an animal control officer of any city, if so authorized by the�overning body of any city, Ilia)' accept prt�settttition or any specific credit card, as defined by the provisiUns of Title 1.3 (commencing with Suction 1747), P rt 4, Division 3 of the Civil Code in payment of alis fee or penalty pro- vided for by this division or in payment for any license, fee, or fide or in payment or any other obligation owed to him for any amount of not to Lxcrrd fiftyy dollars ($50). Such credit curds shall be accepted only if both of the following conditions are satisfied: (a) Tho card issuer agrees to accept styles drafts from an animal control officer of such county or city. (b) The cardholder agrees to pay, in addition to the normal fee, the rate of discount that the card issuer debits the department on acceptance of the sales draft. (Adder( by Stats 1916, Ch 1.) Gil,kPT : A 7. VIOLATIONS IC:hapter 7 enacted by Stats, 1967, ell, 151 31401, l,;xcept tis providt d in Sectior. 31402, violation ortitiy provi= Sion or this division is an itifrtiction punishable her a tine or not more than fifty dollars ($60 for a first offense, aria by a fine of not inore than cone hundred dollars (3100) for n second or subsequent offense. (,Atoentled by stats. 1981, Ch, 1(172.) 1.1.82 � N a FOOD AND AGR1CC,tLTURl kL (.,ODE 405 31402. Violation of any provision of this division that results in. death or serious injury to Livestock or poultry is a misdemeanor pull- ishable by a fine of not more than five httnclred dollars ($5()0) or lyy Imprisonment in the count, jail for not more than siv months or 1)), both the line and imprisonment. As laFrd in this section, "serious injury" means injury of a degret'. of severity that the injured-at>unhl must be destroyed or injury that results in the fair market value of the atiimal ding reduced to a. Im of at which it may not be profitably sold, ,'Addeda,yStnts.19,91,C:h 111721 ti.NPTLIa 8— Civil. LIABILITY f lwtttrr h etmcted by Stats 1967, Ch 1 T i150t. The owvtier of away livestock or poultry ww•hiela�is iltiurt,ti or 1�illed hyyo i iv dog; may rveow er ars Iiquidated d;unu ��s frtycn tht� ow nc�r of the dog hvire� the; actual value or they animals killed or twin(,, the value of the damagm sustained by reason of the injuries, as tho case may be. (Fnueted by Stats 1'gta'"t. t:h, 15 =!02. If hyo or more dogs kept by two or more owners or keep. d ill anw livestock or poultry at the saute time, the owners or kecpt:rs vl tat ,L` ., x ^re jointly and severally liable for the damage. ttutscted by tai- 1957. Ch Mi 81503. If any person sustains ilny loss or damage to any livestock or poultry wvhictt ,s moused by a oc-, nlr if airy livestock of any person is necessarily destroyed h.P!aU I of liawiia ort) bitten by a dog, the person inay file a complaint Widi anvludge of k : ,t pat court of the county %within wvhicit the- datrfagt�uat° ��',ttrtnitinici� t lal letvd by Stats- 196,7 bt 15 3 31504. The complaint shall satisfy all of the follomiig roquirey- mentsr (a) Ile in writing. ( b) Signed by tht� person that makes it. (c) State will n, where., what, ;and how touch damage was donix (d) ,State, if kncww n, the name of the person that oww,tis the dog or Was in charge of it ww hell the loss or damage Was sustained. 4:1141rteal by Stats 1967, Ch M, 31-505. I f the Pearson than owns the dog or was in charges of it when the da'nlilg(' or lows was sustahie'd appears from the conipllaitat, tilt. Jude' Sha 11 forthwith iSSUe a sit mmolls against Such lat�rsun � Mllmuld- ttagiiim to appear before the judge and showy cause wwlty the dog should not bo killvd. d- by Statt 1!.tt,"7„ Ch Bt 31506, The Alnatnnns shall be made returnable not leas th,ttl fives tater More than Sax rims ;',oast tho data Of issue and shall be Serve( a,t least two days beforJ ehe tithe+ Or appearance Ordered I kmm let► h) St,R% tax, C lk 15 1 31507, They sor-,Ice or the sunlmmis lmv be madr by iniv person tive.'r the age of IS N'vars or by tegiStered it all to till iawt k`aaowta 406 FOOD. AND AGRICULTURAL CODE address of the owner or person in charge. Any expense connected with the summons shall be borne by the owner of the livestock or poultry which was injured or the party that makes the complaint, (Enacted by Stats.. 1961, Ch, 15.) 3,1508. Upon the return day fixed in the summons, the judge shall proceed to determine whether the loss or damage to the livestock was caused by the dog, If he finds that it was caused by the dog, he shall notify the person that owns the dog or was in charge of it when the loss or daniage was sustained to kill the dog. Failure of such person to kill the dog as directed renders the owner subject to the penalties which are presci ibed in this division. (Enacted by Stats..1967, Ch. 15.) FOOD AND AcnicuLTURAL CODS. 407' DIVISION 14:5.. REGULATION OF Cd1"'S (Division 14.5 added by Stats. 1970, Ch, 1=1) 31750, • No public pol.uldI society for the prevention of cruelty to animals shelter, or humane shelter shall sell or give away any female cat of more than six months of age that has not been spayed, or any male cut of more than six months of age that has not been neutered. (Added by Stats. 1570, Ch, 1303,1 317551, No public pound, society for the prevention of cruelty to animals shelter, or hurnane shelter shall sell or give away any cat iq_ts than six months of age unless the cost of spaying or neutering such cat has been deposited with the pound or shelter for payment to a veterinarian or spaying or altering clinic designated by the person purchashig or receiving the cat. The deposit shall be forwarded to the veterinarian or clinic upon receipt by the pound or shelter of a noUc.e from the veterinarian or clinic that the cat has been spayed or ricatored; (M.•W-1 by Stats. 1970, Ch. 1303,) 31751.5« Whenever it city or county requires cat license tags, any such tag shall be issued for one-half or less of the fee require for a cat, if a certificate is presented from a licensed. veterinarian that the cat has been spayed or neutered, (added by Stats, 1173, Ch, 361.) 31751.6. Any licensed cattery may be exempted pursuant to regu• lation or ordinance from any requirement to obtain a license tag for each cat within the cattery. (Added by Stats. 1573, Ch. 361.) 31752. Notwithstanding Section 9, a violation of any provision of this division shall not be punishable as a crime, ( Added by Stats. 1970, Ch, 13031 FOOD AND ACF,;: �L'rURAL CODE 409 DIVISION 14:8, ANIMALS (Dh ision 14S added by Stats. 1971, Ch, 3) 32000. 'the sellingor giving away of any animal to any facflf subject to the provision of Public Law X39, Chapter 5410 or'the 39 Congress,, Second Session (7 L7.S,C, Sec, 2131 et seq.) shall he condi- tioned upon compliance by such facility with the provfslons of such: law, and such selling or giving away shall be exempt from the provi- sions of Sections 31750 and 31751. (Added by Stats. 1971, Ch, 1) rN A I DFG: RESPONSIBILITIES ARE: 1) Manage deer herds via: a) Hunting regulations b) Existing law enforcement c) Employ more field people to uphold poaching laws. 2) Provide update information to public: a) !,laps showing critical areas. Update every four years. b) Refine migration routes and holdi,g areas, herd bound&vies, range boundaries. c) Complete migration windows through trmsportaLion corridors. 3) Assist local agencies in: a) identification of areas lost to development, b) Future expansion of lost areas muM be allowod. c) Development of habitat management plan for lokal agencies. d) Identification of available super !ritical arvas as offset for lost areas, LOCAL AGENCIES. RESPONSIBILITIES ARE: 1) Reorganization to allow consistent policy implementation, enforcement and information. 2) Develop approved development mitigatiott for various stages of projects. tntrier ilencIng requirement developed. 3) Develop building envelop packet with e"periencei permit requirements and fees, suggestions, and respongibili�ies of land owners for public availability and circulation. 4) increase CCR requirements for enforce-,ient 'by neighbors of mitigations. 5) Strengthen dog laws. 6) Develop density, transfer and cluster iu,.cepts for workable use. 7) �titigatiort alternatives for future developmetiti 8) Hold Public hearings/workshops to assist (not hinder) public. LAND OWNER & PRIVATE SECTOR RtSPONMILMES: 1) Uphold CCR's) mitigations, 2) t4ork with staff, DPG in concerned areas. 3) utilize density transfers, clustering whin applicable. 4) obtain development packets and quLlifie,,, professional advice/help. GEORGE GEUK,1FlIAN, Gprrrini f r F FFSO IRCES AG[ti" r i=.—•-: A.: a, i, STATE Ot CAIIFO�INIA. .Y IE c DEPARTMENT OF FISH AND GAME=,- REGIO14 2 1701 ROAD?, SUITE A RANCII4. CC ADOVAo CALIFORNIA 95670 (916) 3511-7030 rebruary 2A ► 1984 Bettye Kircher, Director Butte County Pl.annrl;1 Deparmen4 7 County Center DLivC orovi],10, CA 95965 Dear Bettye 83 igratory This otter is to advise you that she i�ectly 5entrto9younrsupersede c1E•er herd maps for Butte County re�enon i story deer herd infOtMatior contained in the 979 the m 9 SF�I map Butte County A `,�e can: be of fur:the,r zssistancc, please contact Jerry 7 s telephone (916) mensch r E�:.nVir'onmental Ser ices Su�Peruisc�r 355-7030. Sincerely, Paul. T. Jensen Ret]ionai r'anagcr �. 12 DEER MEETING SHASTA SCHOOL February 13, 1984 BOB CYT LLO)MY C. Extension,., 10.111V IL -'11° OF FIRST TALK Changes in diet affect rumen bacteria 1,tild door digostion. Stress levels can increase dietary demands, Fawn Survival = 60% good, 30% poor. Criticaj_jjqriod - late lall-early 1'lint0r, limited feed, migrdt'ion-related Stress, hunting pressurcq-,. Shwitf . ails in other requirements, e.rr. -rqtvnjnrr c!4f--- __, - -- ) proo-Lem. HABITAT Good Populations requirp high quality habitat. Required mixture oT habitats to Provide all requirements. .10 percent thermal cover -10-20 Percent hiding cover 5-10 percent Tawning areas Food area xeqtiroment is 60 pel-cent, 'Usable browse shutild be adjacent to cover, Thermal Cave x - dense patcjjie-e of 'high brush (10-15,), 10 Percent cw-er, clear below. Hiding Cover - obseAires deer at 2001, 90 Percent of doer 18 not visible to observer, Fawiling Cover - all short, distance . of does' life r0qukrefr-Mts within a tall grass, water, food and shelter, FOOD SftgObrU$h, bitterru.sh, buckbrm;h, MaII01VOY, furbs nlOst Critical Plant = ice cream for doer. Door prejor $oft gr etas) N"ogetation, 1Iust Provide PrOPer Proportions of hUbittat requiremilts. COnditi-0118 01 food supply critical,. Must maintain dr.,ov borO,,., tyj�LjjiI of rangos, "001CAY) Cftrr.ying Cap.-leity, „A TAT IrjpROVE?,IENT TIMBER Small logged areas - limited in extent. Timing - Short tern' not juaInjul to fawn production outside fawning period long term maintain adequate habitat t•.” es within each secti011. Cannot totally control brush, moderate control of brush is necessary. EN.pneed control after second or third year, when brush is best for deer. with Oak trees should be retained (Mast) crop equates fawn crop production. CHAPARRAL Burns - need to maintain mixtures Of age and densitY 01 brush. Time of burnings critical, aeonothus, , at 0 summer -tnd fall; spring burns cause premature cracking of seed, Complete conversion from brushland to grassland not `fid d. Retain oaks whenever possible. Grasslands benef-licial if enough (orbs are present (cattle reduce grass, allow for more (orbs, Need tall grass or weeds for lawning- Retaill lipLTian brush, shrubs and trees, TOM p,p,N,1SEy - DFG BIOLOGIST IIED BLUPP complete, 12 deer Were trapped. East Tehama 1-10vd Plan cor in 1982-83 for V',tdiO collar studies utes Collars needed to properly delinc Migration TO which usually goes Nyia main draillagOs- 3 fawns in study, Only :L made thQ 'rOU"Id trip to None �"`nte 4 migration tinle� only Per ratges (too ±iq�y Tlights durift9 - week.) at limits of Winter rallge" (10014 stay for 2-3 �regks in s5:Fj7g, deer wait until Vang�, (100d) conditions are batt0r, 4 more radio -tagged door in 1983.. 3 mlgi,ittod north oT Mill CrCt-ek. 3 to Dye Creek Refuge. 2 to Toth; mit (;,me RCT' -IV ,A: ,o 1 to Abraham Plains area. Do not know what triggers migration. BOB SCHULENBURGER - DFG East Tchama Hord, from South Shasta to Sk)u(,jj to Chico in Butte County. Iligrates up to Chester-Lal.o Alm4inor area in. summer. Largest longest migration. 3 areas to manage: summer xange, intarrnrd,Jate range (migratory routes) winter range. Summer range - 58 percent private;, 4'2 povoent pu,blio land ownership, Winter range - 70 percent private, 21 poraent public land ownorsh3lp. Migration routes = intermediate range, acts as holding area where deer wait it qnts. Major con cern , bucx/%,oe and doe/fawn ratios. .Early - mid-Docember, and April fawn counts are used to determine survival of fawns. .D�rzawn Ratio production vs. Survival 38-45/100 doe = stable population. 42-50/100 doe = ina. in fawn pop. 38/100 does m population decreasing Problems in food quality in intermediate range 'very important. Severe problems in summor range clue to logging and subdivision, 0 population it Tawn crop increases to 60 =/I, 00will create potential. for ovorpopulation and dieoffs, E. Tahama - winter range die off in 1978-70, an example habitat problem atea. Summer range - overago brush ovorgrazing by livestock Winter range - overgrazing and oompotition for sbelter Vemoval of Oaks a East Tehama Herd Manage hent Pl.a." .��---- r 3 of all bucks in 2-3 Zn E Tehama. hex d 1982 saw 21 year old class. Hunter take was high also fOV 1,11is class Of young bucks (2--3 years). Not enough bucks reach 3-4 year, old cln.0:; In czx ea. 65 percent of the bucks classified in 83-84 were spikes. Based on Angel island informatio11, older bucks compete With does and awns, restlting in loss of condition in does. Need more burns in in'teritediate and sunmof clors� and0 to edio of he overdense brush: Also need to control subdivision. At present, E. Tehama herd appear to be near or at carrying capacity. DEER SEMINTAR February 15, 1984 RICHARD TEAGUE DEER HUSBANDRY Need to take into 'account; surrounding 1 Find use when formulating deer management policy. Determining deer populations, rise,: I. Sex ratios and population counts during winter of spring. 2. Kill data 3. Range transects Discussed rationale for doe kills to izyt.roa,se the number of bucks. Killing 'bucks and does allows for better balance Of seX ratios; more young bucks survive. "Musts" for managment 1. Need to delegate manag^meat authority to one body. 2i Competent field staff to gather data; year round, Need accurate info ,mat, on to guide management deal8ions . 3, Divide state into logical management units. 4. Flexible management between public, private and other agencies. 5. Present a unified policy. 6, Provide for strong continuing public education. Hunter is a key tool, in managment; need flexible Punting limits (soason; number of kills, etc. j For local, man tiganion t meetings include all groups (cattle and sheep ranchers, 7tunters, etc. LEE FzTMIGIi -- POliIMLA VOR BIGGER DEER Presented results of research study conducted in Texas "POrmula for Bigger Deer", PHASE I - nutrition bettcr dint = morO Protein - buttor devolopment Pi;..SE Y r genetics selective breeding to enhance desirable 1:rRtts PHASE III - study antler deveiopmOnt; correlated ftntler development with genetics and age 0 Converting chaparral to grassland increases 0 TAdLll I, Chemical proporiles of soils gampied in 1979 front plots converted irons brush in 1956, as affected by follow up treatment __ w 'Bray Follow-up Inorganic No.1 treatment DM' N N_._ S P % ppm ppm ppm Ungrazed � � None (brusht) 5:6 13 5.1 63 710 soli �� 11 ',\tillcn B. )ones C9 Robert i,. K00111gs Fire (grasst) 5:2 18 97 7.2 Herbicide (grasst) A.7 .13 7.2 71 4.8 Charles & Vaughn 0 Alfred H. MurphY LSD (.10) WS. 2:1 a WS Before European$ arrive d, the native a americans burned chaparral brush- f lands to drive out wildlife in hunting, i and to increase accessibility to the land. i No%v chaparral is often converted to s gr,issland to help control wildfire, in s crease feed. for ltvestock and wildlife, t and increase, water yield, as well as to linprove accessibility. Reduced sheet erosion is often another benefit. llurning is the usual method of re- moving the large volume of woody nia keria.l from brushlands, although Me- chanical and chemical methods have also been used, Luse of fire also increases the availability of nutrients in the sail iltiniediately after the burn. The objective of this study was to compare the long-term effects of brush conversion and brush rerowth, with anti without grazing, an the availability of soil nutrients. Ill 1956, -chaparral growing cin Los (,atos soil was crushed and burned. The area was seeded to grasses: Harding - grass (Pholoris tuberclsci cv. Stenopierab Palestine orchardgrass Wovfy'lis gletner- atu cv. Palestine), soft chess (13romus mollis), and annual ryegrass (i�oliutn fnultiflorufal), subclover, (TCI,folitlm sub, tertalleum ); and hose clover (T. hirluni ). Half of the area was fenced to exclude herbivores, giving a grazed anti an fill. grazed treatment, tRespreuting brush was then treatod periodically As fclllaws; (1) reburning; (2) herbicide lraatment; and (3) no follow-up treatment, which resulted in the brush growing to Its original size and :density in about five years, Ili reburnod plots, it was haceSsctry to reburn Ili 1959 and 1c963 because of brush Sproul growth. Additional burn - Ing treatments were needed and done in the area protected from grazing in 1967, 1970, 1974, and MM The herbicide treatment was a standard brush killer (low volatile esters of 2,4-q and 2,4,5-T) at 4 pounds of active ingredient per acre Ill 100 gallons of water with 1. percent diesel all, Tile )herbicide was first ata - plied In )tine 1958. In 1950 and °1963, the surviving' sprouts were treated again, which was sufficient to control all brush growth. Soil samples for chemical analysis Grazed ga 5 5 None (brusht) 67 17 7.8 Fire( rasst) 61 1g aa.t 116 10.6 nd a greenhouse pot study were taken TGIn tile INyo replications of each treal- nent in spring of 1979, 11, the pct expert» neat, nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), and ulfur (S) were applied separalwy and Ili X11 possible combinations. `I'lre ;� an l P vere each applied ut the rate of 1.v0 ppm, and S at 50 ppm. The 1 -kilogram capacity pots were seeded with soft chess at the rate of o.2 grains Par pot. 1n the field plots, the major influence Or. the follow-up brush treatments oil soil chemical properties was on the in- organic ;�, followed by total S and. Avail- able P; there were only small differ- ences in total N and no significant difference in organic matter (table 1). The largest different -es were oil the grazed plots between soils with regrown brush and those -villi grass cover type. There were no differences between treatments for exchangeable cations. Exchangeable calcium (Ca) varied from 5.0 to 7.0, magnesium (Mg) from 1,1 to 1.6, potassium (i) from 0.6 to 1,1, ynd sodium (t\a) from 0.1 to o.;i meq per too grams Soil. 'Cable 2 shows pot yields and uptake of nutrients by soft c,l,ess as influenced by the fertilizers and by brush control treatments and grazing, The colum>a la- belod grass is an average of the fire and herbicide follow-u�p treatments, be - rause there was little 01-",)renc,e in grass or nutrient uptake bnovven these two treatments. The largest increase In grass yield occurred on grazed grass -covered soils where yields were about SIX tIMUS greater than diose of the brush ,coils when no N was applied, and about three tilales greater where. either no P or no S \vas applied. When N, P, and S were applied together, the Increaso In grass yield due 10 change, in cover type was 1,34fald (3.5 ;. 2.7 grams par pot), indi- cating that most of the doficiencitas were satisfied by N. P, and S. ilowovar, other nutrients may be, Involved, or different rates of fix, P, and S may bring addltiniial response. 'Differences bgtwecla soils from the ungrazed plots were much smaller. Uptake of N by unfertilized softchess was about six tunes greater from razed grass soil [Ilan from brush sot The Increase wis 1,o,f'old when N, P, unci E r g Herbicide (tlraee f) 7 0 20 35.6 123 126 LSD (.10) NS 03 23 G 22 6:8 oM - or0nnic matter tCover type In 1010 TABLF. 2. Yibld and nutrient upioka by !%Ott chess In pots all Affected by gtozing, fort,lizatiOn. and Cover type conversion troalinants +~ Ungrazed� drpxed _ Fertilizer BrushGrass, LSDt Brushornss' LSDt Grass yield (glpoft t1P!s 26 ?q_. �27�y3:5 PS 0.3 04 03 11 NS 10 0.6 0.3 06 19 05 NP 0.9 1 6 05 1 3 Check 0.2 0.3 02 TABL53. Bbtonlcel compos 1'on (live ground cover) in flay iS79 01 grass plots Converted from brush in 1.056 as affected by follow-up treatment (herbicide vs, fire) on ungrazed and grazed plots Ungtaied Grazed Herbicide Fire Herbicide Fite •.. as Jive t end cover...... Annual grass' 22 2. Perennial §tA59t 12 30 29 10 Ercdiu»l sap. 5 10 t a Logumoat t other lorbs d 1 OrLlth o t5 3 Total 34 + f31 62 ' oorrinent spueiat: ted bromd Salus rubetitl ,n un• grazed: 501100211 In gtazad llardinggrasa and Paloslthe 0rdr 0 press. Nalive annual Lotus 00mull rdxe0 alive annual rf'ft. Ilan) sop. in 0taz6d: oAUFol1N1A AolalcUL7uwt3, st pTr McEit• w"ofjSR 083 N uptake (mg[Pol) NPS v12 $1 41 72 t 6 Check a 6 d 27 P uptake (Mglpot) NPS 9.0 7.7 8.2 104 13 Check 0.6 0-6 017 S uptake (mglpot) NPS 5.6 6.8 48 6.8 08 07 Check 0.3 016 0,.1 1.7 K uptake (mg,'POO NPS 53 66 $3 81 13 Chock 5 11 f' 6 34 ' Mean of herbicide and fire Cilt stl re.,cw n troatmonte o+ brush tLSD 0,05 L90s withln oach Y,otd ars ^wtnent uplaka section apply to the Ierhe.er and trate° rsi`trtl "alnto^t ln106000s TABL53. Bbtonlcel compos 1'on (live ground cover) in flay iS79 01 grass plots Converted from brush in 1.056 as affected by follow-up treatment (herbicide vs, fire) on ungrazed and grazed plots Ungtaied Grazed Herbicide Fire Herbicide Fite •.. as Jive t end cover...... Annual grass' 22 2. Perennial §tA59t 12 30 29 10 Ercdiu»l sap. 5 10 t a Logumoat t other lorbs d 1 OrLlth o t5 3 Total 34 + f31 62 ' oorrinent spueiat: ted bromd Salus rubetitl ,n un• grazed: 501100211 In gtazad llardinggrasa and Paloslthe 0rdr 0 press. Nalive annual Lotus 00mull rdxe0 alive annual rf'ft. Ilan) sop. in 0taz6d: oAUFol1N1A AolalcUL7uwt3, st pTr McEit• w"ofjSR 083 Director Agricultural Experiment Station University of California Berk6ley, California 94720 PUBLICATION Penalty for Private Use S300 were applied. lied. Uptake Of N from lin- grazed grass cover soils was about 1.5 times greater than from ungrazed brush soil when no fertilizer was applied, and 1,2 times when :N, P. and S'vvere appllpd. In pots with grazed soils. P and S uptake due to brush conversion to grass in- creased about four- to five -fold With no fertilizer applied and about 1.3 -fold when N, P. and S were added, �vjjpri soil cover was converted from brush to grassland and gwzed by hevbi- vore ,,s for !13 years. available soil nutri tints were higher than in, comparable soil where grassland species were nut grazed or where the cover type reverted back to the original brush, t4itrogen in- creased most, but available P and S also increased. Ca, Mg. and K were, also tA- on up in greater amounts from 9r,120d grass -covered soils than from brush coveredsoils. Several factors may have contributed to the : rease in soil fortill-ty. From previous work. we, knew that &ushillg and burning the brush increased the avaihibili . t\ of soil nutrients immediato- ly after a burn. These nutrients wqt) then held in the surface soils by the shallower fibrous root systems Of they grit more ipid . C'�ssland r, cover (table 3). A mo ling of nutrients in tho grazed plots ruay, have Increased the level of thor availabilltv. Previous pat studies ha %, e indicated that soils iarnpled from grazml subelover,grass pastures yielded 1111101 more ryegrass than did wails from tin - grazed pastates. Grazing also resulted All 1 large Increase In legurn "I stable 31 aw! thus. in additional N fixation, accOunt, Ing for a substantial increase it, avail able N. Finally, brush soils have Virithl- Iv no herbaceous ground cover beneath the brush, and erosion is often clearly \11Mble. Such an eri'virotvinent, Is not cOli- ducive to holding juttlents or to :tical 11 P 7 A F 7 DEP' 4 Ic AT "ON== Us kAAJL C" Overview of lest Plot$ lot 23 -year soil-lertflity study At Hoo,and P.eld Station, Pot studes vinos brLS" tegt,N"' P, net ,;+a ZE,d _S g1,3Ze,,Z N 19$3 k s N tint im rovenlent 'it t AUNx i per acC1t lv benefit f mill r2, �gir sS10, lsyluPaWr«thathe equiv, • the pro�itaba' x Evaluating �. altnt annulty frog "ren X6.•13, but not fen' Itr►t �taicarst the rang+t 20.1ti, l enr.e: ti RI } h managemen' Bt<ffe �. Fuming Comrrti. �, o ]CUS hou?d be iolpi.aved by tree thinnittft �e thinning , Othe. benefitti« �,nt It li decreased f kr,, andt: i"14 �`� danr:r,impruv+��i wilclli£e habiist^ valor Oji ()rbV1I18� CMS{O me to be evalvialkitl and used In�alS matt, went Of fuel wood, "till huz'tting le' n" t for range improvement p ke arisen atsu, k h�rye factor, both trrtprovr.ntnttks prq£tkable. Alfred H• bplur by VilriatitanS I" these benefits alst+ gent 1)ud ht^lrsvctlt►tttr^d before a fittal de.e.i i }, tri` c++ to for varialittrt tot t- Ze£}ks per year and vat}atzgizs in beeigh the stun t neIs tt tadr, 1•at"I , 3 stto�vs n tt£hlent Clearing rangeland of dense brush fitper its tlry',ckets or stands of oat trees pr°duce' fits ual year, 1C the batt �ev� istavailable, crease• lnt`ormation« When an better soils: annual cgsk, thezinvestznent is sound slue r,C an lold4t and in ill' t o,'vious benefits On the rat tded that tile tsl'kmato tai khtt pity -}cal ytelrk is not more and better feed for dourest}c and [F� tnctre prafitabla Wlthau y ^ild a"rituals; ntnrq�'eit water yield in itn esiment5l,re not akht'r, thal rshed: Arid reduced fire hazard. ll,: An estitnatttd ►Eft different ti' vlds�are thell alnourtt reec�it�ed qr awaalelsl"� }hr, hreai,even +lt'i+ Of nnua ;even t� tine wale An annuity is an E3ut there are MSO cost! 1 tins" gtentistiretu n be paid each period, usually` laced , be weighed g tutee to improve e egttiralent annul"}+ is calculated from a yield, '1'It"►ve lana osamo to this o azo n i5 sof values quer time. and it is u:td esti►it ales ttx►heipg amount the a{he fare the decision -erre. land. because the costs usually are concetlent is Weather anti market comity ells ca ut t equivalent anttui►y breakeven vie. improved acre (S6 43 per trttet[ to the first y^ear$ of the life of the pie, if the value of the an �� 5 both 'physical production per A �1) for brush In'resses this read over listrioftilea �c;rt. dt t�r1Ej by S111.0 p price to vary> latttithe costs Of ttle, espec;a}lynafler 0\presse-oe� t. Anlotto", the breakeven yield is 1,01 proven r ary l annual cost p tree � per acrd They are incurred. This stud estimates \t`'�I per impraved.acre �",hannual khe annual ciasts of t��•o range Improve- irttrovement. divi(jed by S20 per A , t'i discusses the Hopland examPlt', laid tart be compared with ""runt practices, bruskzsttdanagenttitt and raid estimates. and }hcz itttpruvt Oak 'tree thinning, ote.nt}al t:osts for range iml?"oveznettts at Alta bthe rtYakeran y romp trigon of these Costs with p 1cnd Field 5tatigzt are used a " tet eXAu l tiienf decision made Ales (latble 1).1!'e have taken Eftect of yield deterioration^'lit' t°al` returns trhen the returzts are oat lnotrtt flop applied ss2 prices. The with certainty inputs and app e for thinning itttprt+ver�iettt ususlly decrease'; tat• r '[S after-tax egltkvtlettt annuities are esti- tirl of khe y"el"l increase £cert" a rant. Improvement cos mated ro be6. i3 per atJr 1t ►i:a t'niverskt r of California �u 4+ ,Crboth plc rat graphi.`i'his effect Npeeted+rtrtlids trees and $3n.'tG per sere forttrusit ntart� the lite= of th"t lznpe effect entntriAid lie 15ec' e st'" land hiekv Slation izt ,,tendocino C aced by c}usntt£vina th p lkt,, ttt�t ty, tr^grkers begat" clearing brush and a getnent with a year rut'Qnlent l�lh o."i,s in the 'NGOs to intprovQ Improvements (table `fit• t acted present value of rite Inv ing .t ^ of part of a 387- The equivalent annuity €,i e" casts in each year and ostiniat ng rile carr;: tg rapaci y p trail" with .tie erp-ilivily 111 +store far livestock attd wildltft• needs tq be compthu tyre values of in, it, the anal", so decision kcatrhaut +'� r't cl, and benefits of lite intprovetnent. Far the Fertrnt pekrrrs and ti}aids need to ici t` utit�r The trash was crushed, borne. mttferent pried and berth yield iz4e tile eieffr, ofyield drttrrko- later ;prayers iq dtsr:aurage regrowth, cr�mparison^ kite attnut To evtluacan be evaluatecl ,ated area "vas seeded +vitt" cre.�bseetlestirr creel arid `thE�t bwnefits need the itnttro�tne il r uutt4. thr attd t�'te� t.ktto equiva , an brass ,and cl®ver: and fertilized.. Over a , c,id assuntption5 neeGA to tae use period, tG7 acres wh prr riots brt,akeven yietd5 f*ar dtff+�rtnt la►it;i bility or stnsativity Of 11Ye r�"Cron using t11at the sts cent n of the pasture were 1Teate°l' ek!(l to tae eSttntatetl and theft llot I,tri d 'Che'lr"'e4 were thinned using the Lan cutand yimldstLan be ludSell, t omit"}ni npub- with "xPecla"C'n Ll the bsequelil rl� tt°? surf,�tt e nit=thod. in which the lit' With yield Informa 1 2.[.t) N\+as placer in carts art the tree Wid4 curt tee rouiid.1ak with good lisltttl data front the 1cJGtls. the laplanrl y h�idt tnt.tease and trunk heir Il p relit-" "ton were re> l to ld �akttli+:art sltcttit t=d an average 1 ie1 viii i lh z if tltct�iare��l.e� �kl"+' ^la e`�'bct potential for acorn p a ectril to be etre;1+' . by p s the (;ti- 11 per acre pet vear }tt the t mire p ave int is tier=nt�r,l tent began Chis is assumed to be yiehi to en«ih iimpro e r cauttltarrve ,t M t fined• The area ander dratted itees a s"° invrease (if t}. 3f antntaR unit tt o was seetleti• `free treattt , .acre, Pasture' aoor years the rpsuik of the brush ttid teen trtaat 1tile, ale tie gr'`tph sbatt5� tilt' fall of i 16t gn'kd accts, or ► percetxt' of then"- ort lad le bq, which means that pct �i;ut r«4ant1 lite pasture. ,is of int estments in, laid ittt�rtrawt9 its The usual analy, per Year estivila td valor of tl-r= r e of rite age. about 1 additional V l p y° trr,xslt cnntrttl. 11"tth after- each "crated acre contributes. art avt V estikttatius; anal c.atnpa, lif ��rattnuit� (it tax costs and benefits ©ver lite 1}f "-king Into ctrcaunt rite when rontpared tr°ith urtteeata Ire td agrea' srt� li information,alldcthe s 3agnittrcl , �t# tit+� investni:,nt by vr3r, because (Haw et err brush cl ti£fe ittefftcIs thin -f tilt, t'4 e $'"kl }acyr acr �rs7rOle � rite v,Aluc ktma vatuL of tttt,ney h(gtt e acts. r<+^e chase are bast :l this exam c�tt t11e ttzes r'ield t .rt ea I benefits Of range ttnprovttnettt are nittg may pro tree t ttnttttti of costs can, l° tot'nparml Ntillli tr the tri arta r«tt ntgrt ant ertain than the c sCbrit e c khe st:« crease of 1 AOM per irttprcat erl ytelri turaease s ats,��+ t a roach trait x when trtn vahu^ tw brl�rt another alp ltOv{ at.'C.^ ?," ±' 't�rd t riiC�' w• after-tax costs aver tdttuty nto itannuityat"ol"l; [t the value uC tin • •1*�l is e�ptcktd tb the uttgttztut t. alent annuity- This eel ected be S20 an range, the e� fret ltd value of was then Compared "vitt" eXp 6 GALI�OrtHtsAofttCVLYtIAt;«'��pT��'t8'�A•��T66ER'S98 �--�� 11 TABLE 1. Physical Inputs for two brushlond rahgo improvoment'practices, Hopfand Field Station • yeat start$ Sa.;r'1 s 131�sh traatnem Malted to 196243. trot tteaUnants to 1961.62 N0 Ctlala Incuttad IV tree treAltnthl ih year 4 9 Lat.-rtosts suiervi$ary STthr, inir.417 Whru tractor epatetar 6560ihr 1Aia:r„neryC00S D,7*eMiir S40t7 04Wtringadrill. $50;nt.M9w;lCtayng. S2S;hr Calc A10Vattothitettgmeh6rsepCwer D,r ica413109 $2,egc;valehttJPts`1,ot8t presort;mei Its tlhdarrcis Cci 6'jo s tale,: hattopower M 64 14, 16 itortent of anted nal engtnd i+iftseCawat "Wiena;s cMt 24•01rmne 512:gar 21.eosier $1510i1.24,5+5 S26,141,2,CD LVE 316toal 011,$5,g4l: seed lavotage test of ml;ivat*,a V. VtAss PAULhadtChatd gtass. 81hll0 trCnia and rose iitvor solov 5261, atnmonc'n su:phale (16.2041, S,11510A TABLE 2. Costs and the equivalent annuitfic; of Ii-oprovementpractices, 1992 doliar5• Pretax Labot usedt Present values of Machinery and aqulprnont§ M41011ofa, Year' Improv.prart Crush and burn brush, 101 acres Supery, Manual Trac. op. Item Hours- item Amount 2,975 3 7.556 ,68 .797 4,096 4 1,231 6$ 712 3,600 Brush crushed and burned, 107 acres 36 68 587 14 7 842 68 607 290 I a Crush brush 2 8 to 0•7 wbdozor 10 b Suitt brush 2 22 - - - �- 116 2 a Crush brush 2 5 19 D•7 wjdozet 14 7,469 _. b Reseed 11 72 36 0.7 wfrange drill 36 Amm Aulphato I a ions Total $ 587 $ 383 Equivalent annuity per acre.$ 7;469 5 i.09 Seed 417 Ib d Burn brush 5 46 - -- - 3 a Spray Crush 6 61 --. Uacifpack mist trlcwer 2,A 0 44141 3041 2 4,5 T 3 gal b Crush brush 8 i4 33 b-7 wldozor 33 c Reseed is 133 47 b•7 w/range drill 47 Amm buillhilta 2.3 I ris bead GAC Ib d Burn brush 4 411 - - A 1 Spray trush 15 74 73 TD -9 w;spray its 73 :.4-0 avier 18.5 gal 2:AS-T 155 gat b Reseed 54 44 0.7 w,range dm/ 4A Amm aulphota 1 6 tons Sued 4931b 5 Brush Sprout ig 120 120 T0�9 wispray rtg 120 i 4fi0 amain 66 961 CGntrdt 2.4 D t v(, 48 gat 2 4 6 T 22 gat U4 i7 gat 6 Srusf, sprout -- 7 - - - 2A 01 VC 0.6 gat cGnitdt 7 etuth Sproul 2 6 t7 TD -9 wlsprey rig 11 2 415 i 9 0 gat Control 2 4.0 LVE 9 gal L11 2 0 roar Tres, treatment, 47 acres Basal h,ft;i g 26 251 . - 2.4.0 arias 1s gat 2 a Basal 1W)rg 13 127 -- - 2,4 .0 Arnme 24 5 gal b Seedvndef U60S 2 24 - - - Seed 100 ib 3 Seed under frees 14 - - Seed $61b 6 Basal Ir;:ng 17 974 - - - 4.0 amino 12 5 gat • yeat start$ Sa.;r'1 s 131�sh traatnem Malted to 196243. trot tteaUnants to 1961.62 N0 Ctlala Incuttad IV tree treAltnthl ih year 4 9 Lat.-rtosts suiervi$ary STthr, inir.417 Whru tractor epatetar 6560ihr 1Aia:r„neryC00S D,7*eMiir S40t7 04Wtringadrill. $50;nt.M9w;lCtayng. S2S;hr Calc A10Vattothitettgmeh6rsepCwer D,r ica413109 $2,egc;valehttJPts`1,ot8t presort;mei Its tlhdarrcis Cci 6'jo s tale,: hattopower M 64 14, 16 itortent of anted nal engtnd i+iftseCawat "Wiena;s cMt 24•01rmne 512:gar 21.eosier $1510i1.24,5+5 S26,141,2,CD LVE 316toal 011,$5,g4l: seed lavotage test of ml;ivat*,a V. VtAss PAULhadtChatd gtass. 81hll0 trCnia and rose iitvor solov 5261, atnmonc'n su:phale (16.2041, S,11510A TABLE 2. Costs and the equivalent annuitfic; of Ii-oprovementpractices, 1992 doliar5• Pretax Present value Present values of Year costs (i -tax rate)t factor after-tax cost Crush and burn brush, 101 acres 1.10 $15 $20 1 $ 968 .6& 1,000 $ 658 2 4.000 68 693 2,975 3 7.556 ,68 .797 4,096 4 1,231 6$ 712 3,600 5 6,059 $8 .636' 2,618 36 68 587 14 7 842 68 607 290 Total 527,592 37.50 $14,152 Equivalent aenuity per acre -t 7.469 S 20.16 Troe treatment, AT acres 1401 08 1.000 $ 953 2 1.268 ,68 693 770 215 6$ 797 116 6 969 68 636 419 "otal $ 3.853 $ 21256 Equivalent annuity per acre:$ 7,469 $ 6.43 Seading after firewood harvest, 47 +acres i $ 372 .66 11000 $ 253 2I5 �68 693 130 Total $ 587 $ 383 Equivalent annuity per acre.$ 7;469 5 i.09 11 Based on Imptavuments trade at Hopland Field Station. f The pte'tak Cost is tdduded bylho decline th the tan till duo to inautrfhg tha90 bkpensos In this case, a mar, glhaf %9x tate of 32% is used. I The aqulvafent annuity Is th11 costs cf the i^ptovotrt0hi tfanstotrned Into an annual figura using a protect Lie of 20 years and a discount Will of 1214 Tnts tate is dhdOrt to toliatt Intaiesl and inflation rates at the time of the ihrprovamehl. The faMors usod to translaint the eosls by yeatinto the ilquivaleht annulty ate obtained Item Wildstd intdrest tables. TABLE 3. Benefits per acre for various yield Increases and values per AUM R 11 Ae of iMprovOnOtit (years) Value of the yle% Increase UdUdlly decreases ever the 1110 rat the thipr4vaniBntt CALIPORHIA A0t11CULTUAI;, 4EpTWbEA,bCt0tk 103 Value per AUM Yield increase 1.10 $15 $20 $25 AUMjactd •-. ........5/acre .,,,,•.x .60 5,00 7.50 10,00 1260 .75 7.50 11,25 15.00 18.75 100 10:00 15.00 2000 2600 1.25 12.60 18.76 25.00 It 2S 1.50 15,00 22.50 30.00 37.50 R 11 Ae of iMprovOnOtit (years) Value of the yle% Increase UdUdlly decreases ever the 1110 rat the thipr4vaniBntt CALIPORHIA A0t11CULTUAI;, 4EpTWbEA,bCt0tk 103 t ae 3 �d .v4 Range improvement, cont'd 1. tilt? atlnuily. If the yield increase cannot The advantage of the equivalent an- ? be quantified, this %N+ill be a subjecti, a tiuity approach is ilia ease of adjusting 1 Wr•r r. evaluation. the Ueuefits to evalrod .uate potential values A 'file possible sale of £ire�vaod, prices, EstlmaponLoftthennd ntetivestock preset t � profitable product for many ranchers,p will affect the method of Improving value of these improvements Give the t wadded ranges. After the wood is har subsequent sensitivity should b ik vested, the area call be seeded foe Ire- same answer. The annuity method is proved range on has capacity. da one. -time, e, ? oa ilisuggested yields andyin .priclose as arelstances nol known and � �r ere l rjd;;tatto i'� 1+ cards per acre with a. conr�lthat►�llt lainin estimates tl�t cele benefits j are very value- 71 + . a,+ �' cases SdieCtivt' eValua- stnmpage price Of. 5 per Card. la y , x � + �r the .mot try from selling firewood may tion wIII be as sistLd b� tile. rt.lat>vt.l £intz,lt e tile. seeding costs, the firewood easy, equivalent antudty method, and imiJing should be evaluated sepa- ratoly for 14ofitability. Costs of seeding y. after firewood harvest convert to in [\tot U. Ulsnu is Leununtist, and Thtwodort ti equivalent annuity of oim per title At ns nor UnirN�rstlnai t phJt ritnn, tl)nirrsrnand r ` (table "�l, Which should be compared r11fre+i 14 ,�lurtah�� es 5uperent�ntlrsnl, tlnptund 1:'lih e�pectecl benefits and variations as Ptetd strrtron, and 5pta�rttlesf, rtgrgttntnl' and ftnngr Scrtncn. desc ribed, Field Bindweed, cont d can leaf Flower and seed feeders. The brio. I' etle i lest4 Alba - mine that tills ta1e doer Horn fee- beetle ill lite quarantine £aLtlit�,� albeeble chid beetle ,�Ipgucerus in1pI ha��eier, trdl quently attacks seeds of a I the Gahfar- ny, but rarely is could feed and reproduce an several ilia C:alpsterio spp, only fotlnd ill field bindweed seeds The North American Mveet potato varieties' 'T'h Aceriu t.arivalvuli "a- smut, found in Greece also occurs in ,gall netle h -attacks field northern North America but is 'lot buds a. from eand leave s. did not teed found in California. feeders: No California bindweed all American sweet potato varieties in Stem and root arganisni.s are associated with field the laboratory tests, but tests on American morning dories tire not complete. The bindwood stems, but cecidomyid i,usiaptero tont.ttivuli belt, £Delos ��Ivulus and eCulc Aegis to i attack either stetll gts�ls on western morning glory, caly�stegio occidentalis (Gray) Brum- natural en0111v has been thoroughly bill sms, or at ttlilt.,ktrtusweet la flea t'ketits leasta rt1 �il t�close�reladliar ann� t:hpttntl cQnfinisaGrotch, European counterpart. Longltarsus in its larval offer promise o[ being s ec ln In conclusion, because, soOno �r�n.eri- pi�Ilur ides, leads on roots stage, and on leaves in its adult stage. it can sheet potato varieties 1d native gl glories attacks both field bind and the native morning glories North ytt1eare su5relltibrican by i 1 •a stassociated with oitdb 1tlslllleoffieldbindt�"eed`sextetttta systemsystemof roots and rhizomes, fete or- `trd it�illnutbe easy tofllt ade- hOS1-spevific biological central ganisms attack the urAergruuttd par- qualely that may he used against this tions of the plant in the :Mediterranean, r areas where it America, or othet apt►ts w e(j in California or any other area of North has been studied. Organisms associated �htrlh America. other parts of the plant, however, wtlh occur Ire i;ur)pe and would lie worth `rnr t 5 Itusr nthul and Lhty o ,a rinJres ,are+ !tr• itCcni�,a�u W edbt�k�botalow intestigatingasbiologcalconlrolagetlts w1lere gaps in the fauna exist 111 Califor. tureli�5prl�trHiilinti� rt,• Mhuny, (114ornia. and ssurtnias in this of Ilia: late season, specialized Lepidop- leaf beetles, gall miles. and fungus Agricalturnl EXI)PNttte++nt5tJimit t'nn'arbti. t.abinriva, d�rl,t t:arl tt Flu�ni.rr n, Nrnrt ssnr r , Clad a+le%�. l U ole ersilt rpt t:nhfrniy tern: diseases of lite leaves: seed-destroving of C:utuntolos} lireparcel In uonpurariun %"th 'he �inte± a;f t r,tiinr sten, litimless and Transparlatrun Agent ,%. Myort• organisms; and stem feP,llerS. It, prelitllirta'ry tests conducted in } u- mint of Tronsppartatwn. and tht U S WpnrintFnt. till' Ttanspnrtallun, I Mirat Hi lllsj� atdmtntstra the rCittr+r rtuuClUV,, rope alta variety of plant species in Ilia Department` ofFoo dr`0hd r1 r(.t�l: Gonvolvillaceab and other plant faw* sept„�r tinsthtsrest r h an t#t�+� th<�nkttt s�ten ittsvejt and r'itas calla>rte& flies. the moth Tyia luctilost►, ilia leaf beetle Gdlerucu rufe, and seed beetle iisli who Wellf till the 11A. Kelror an ”, Seton r: r �t c Fnraasnn, T 1. Httnrv, H.11`. l9rrJ12f s• l•:51. Kmss rletr, J.P. Spermophogusserireus apptlared to feed hrnleer, 6A. deckle, and tt b. tt'lute. sxslemttt++° Convolvulus and Gulystegiu spp. l ntumofogy l.nhorutary USDA. only an CAL11P ItNIA A0A1CVlTUA � Pt Md�r; OCCbe 111"3 Agronomist N114011 B, Jones, Muth 29, 1983 Vs. Jane miah, Cha rmraan Butte County Board of &-xpe.-ry .co; 25 CtAmty Qmter 'Drive Qroville, CA 95%-S rear VS, Dolan., The California D-Vaxtm9nt of Fish and Gars3 appeals the ,Board's approval of b ,plo ects AP 28-17-65, &,.dthl AP 28-17-83,W., they and AP 72-83-46t Schoenstein j arta mqw. is reconsideration of those factions. I It is cup- Ixosition Uhat those projects, as approved, vrill svbstwitially and avoidable is jure vildlife habitat and the ldldlife Pornzla,tiatts dependent uppon. them. Mle ber:.�nt"s position is based on the following facts, L Me proju is are located in nn area of high value hwAtat foie mit;ia.tery doer and Will SdXAAntial.ly reduce the vn-lue of that habitat. 2. Me PMJects as approved will act aF a barrier to wildlife mv►_ Gt, 3. Reasonable and feasi le adiAgation mmastL es are availtable 'wiai.ch wi:7-1 redice adverse irq=ts to an acceptable level., Our appeal is based oa provisions of the Subdivision biap Act, as am=ded in 3.974. We avx convinced that options to rai.tigate adverx a grcts e Kist, and we are ataoiis to u07.k with your planning staff and project spotksors tortrd that end. Si.ncaral.y'; COPY PAUL T, J1tNStH kohl T. Jensen pt g.On,111 b%nager ba Jim Stio%vden Captain C-qrlitn Lioutenant �iodgos BeYO ttKit'cher, 81atte County plwining cvin°ission Mpw.pl C ;n Lr? STATE W CALIFORNIA -RESOURCES AGENCY DEPARTMENT Of FISH AND GAME Region 2 1701 Nimbus Roadp Suite A, Rancho Cordova, CA 95670 (916) 3!-5-7030 February 10, 1983 Mrsi Betty Kircheri Dir-ctor Butte County planning Department 1 County Center Otive Orovillet CA 95965 0oar Mrs. Kircher, GEORGE MUKIM U This letter contains answers to Butte County's inqoirY as to how the 0epartment determines Areas of Special Biological Importance pertaining to migratory deer herds. An Area of Special Biological importance (ASBI) is a concept developed by the Department in 1977 as an update of the State Fish and Wildlife Plan adopted in 1966. ASSI's were designated, within predetermined categories,, by Department staff and field biologists 'based on existing data consultation with other agencies, and, personal knowledge. One A881 category is key wildlife areat- those are areas consi- dered to be essential to the survival of a species or wildlife population. Critical summer range, migration holding areas, miqratory mig-rat�)r'Y routes, and critical winter tango are four deer herd ASBV8- The Information bases utilized foo designating migratory deer ASBI's are: li Field observations of deer activity during visual herd composition counts, infrared trail counts, pellet group counts# observation of tratks, and browse use surveys. 2. Areas of high unnatural mortality recorded in canal drownings, highway hills, and detected poaching. 3. Radio tel0mettY and tagging Projects (on"go'ng in Butte county since 1977), 4, Annual county spot kill maps which show when and where legal hunter kills occur. 5. Habitat suitability based on known needs. 6. Spb,^J�jc studies Of deer ecology in various ares of the s to 11 -le Wii to, planning 0:tnjz%. PEB 11 1983 Mrs. Betty Kircher -2- Februnry 10, 1983 Most of our data base has been accumulated since 1947, and much is verified annually. Radio telemetry studies have verified migratory routes Previously determined by evaluatic)1,1 Of spot kill Maps, field observations, road kill records, and sinjjjaJ.- evidence. Deer needs and habits are generally stable over long periods of time except during catastrophic occurrences such ari the inundation of 20,000+ acres of winter range by take Oroville. Deer use on portions of their range varies with weather and food and water availability, season, human ' -n arassmento oLc. Critical areas are the places occupied by the bulk of the door herd through most Of a season. As doer are most active at night and generally remain hidden by dayj they are not readily observed. Deer have excellent i3enses of sight, $Melif and hearing and unually avoid all but careful observers. Deer use occurs on all portions of their range, excepting what should perhaps be called former range rendered virtually useless by human impacts. Tentative Parcel Map8 for Shirley Smithey (A.P. 28-17-83), Lowell Smith (AiP. 28-17-85)t and mr. Schoenstein (A.P. 72-33-46), which are found in the Swedes Flat area, are located on N00retown Deer Herd Critical Winter Range. Tile designation of the Swedes Flat area as an ASST was based on the following: le Field observation of substantially higher deer numbers in the winter compared to the summer. 2. Annual spot kill maps iniicato most bucks ars, taken late in the season in the Swedes Flat area. Such a take distribution is typical of migratory deer. 3: The local habitat has a Suitable cOmPOsitiOn of deer feed in the form of brush, Oak mast, and grasses. 4. Oh -site use as indicated by degree of browse -hedging, ob8et� vat oh Of Pellet groups and tracks. If we can be of further assistance, please contact Jerry Mth8ch, Environmental SerVices Supervisor, telephone (9,16) 355-7030. sincerely, Paul Ti Jensen Regional Manage,r P -090 - December 21, 1.9816 Reces3i 9:40 a.m. Reconvene: 9:55 a.m. 4.o1 Selection of Treasurer - Tax Collector MOTION: TO APPOINT EDNIA BILLS AS TREASURER S M VOTE.- 1 2 3 4 -5 (Un,'IhimoUsly carried) 4.04 Policy regarding legal counsel at Advisory Age'icy meetings. (Supervisor Dolan) MOTIOti- TO ACCEPT THE POLICY REGARDING MjtlStL ATTENDANCE AT ADVISORY Ar.FNcy MEETINGS AS CoUTLI,,qED IN A MEmo TO TEE BOARD s? SUPERVISOR DOLAjNj DATED DECZ,taF-q 1*7, 1982. M S VOTE.- 1 2 3 4 5 (Unanimously carried) 4.07 Resolution - opposing state encroachment an le q`l land use authority. MOTION: TO SELM A LETTER OF SUPPORT TO APPROPRIATE AG --'CIES IN SUPPORT OF THE REESOLUTIOCNt OPVOSING STATE F24ROJACH- MENT ON LOCAL L*10 USE AUTHORI—Pz PASSED AT THE 1982 CALIFO&NJIA COUNTY PL.p,-t,-NIj,,jG Cof i So LE ET P. f G jS,,3IONER ASSOCIATION S VOTE- 1 2 3 4 5 (Unanimously carried) 4.10 consideration of co,-i,-ee re minimum L. port regarding 40 acre mini , , parcel site recorwiended by the State Fish and Game ceparLment in deer habitat And miara'tioft areas. MOTION: TO ACCEPT THE PZPORT OF ThE FISH A"-oD GAIME Cot-t.11T- AS OUTLINED IN THEIR MF -1,10 To TEE BOARD DAT80 EE ')ECBXSER 3, 1982, 'eiITR CaANGE8, TO THE WORDING PROPOSED 8Y SUPERVISOR FULTON AS FOLLCX-18- OW�- TR -AT VE POLICY Ott PARCEL MAPS AND Sjj8DI'VIbIONS ppopOSE - IN IDENTIFIED AR AS OF Ot8R PABITAT AND MIGRATION, wm� D--'NIED MI THE BASIS OF A GENERAL STATE poLrCY OF 40 Acn manmums, REQUIP,E A k8spoNsE :-,ROj.j THE STATE FISH k''D G-kME bF-PARTk=T C-,IHIC14 INCLUDES SPECIFIC DATA OR, 8CIEIITTFIC INFORWkTION FROM THE PROJECT AR-r,.A IN tMERMINING. A SUBSTANTIAL rWPACT. PTE 8HOUL D" COSI JE `TrN'* to USE OUR GENtEgAto 'PLAN, ZONING TOPOGRAPHY ANj) AND PAESME;T PARCEL SIzES IN AN APPA IN coNr-btp _4TION OF tit S VOTE& 1 2 3 4 5 (Unanimously carried) INTRODUCTtO-1 WE' ANN CONGRATOLATtONS TO I'MNA Sins, -LpE- �tE,,jry- APPOI'L',n,8o TPS-ASUR.8A/TAX too LECtoR TOOR PLACE Av rrHrS TI�Lt. DaVid t1ise - appeal re parcelmapk AP tIjO14 ow ba Laheii Cohatset Pubtid ht�aejng held az cht�fqujed. k SATE OF QFORNIA—RESOURCES AGENCY GEORGE DEUKMEJIAN x0ex %xl Governor '�TMENT OF FISH AND GAME REGION 2 1701 NIMBUS ROAD, SUITE A RANCHO CORDOVA, CALIFORNIA 95670 (916) 355-7030 January 6, 1983 -Mr. Steve Streeter Butte County Planning Department 7 Ck,.Linty Center Drive Orovil,le, CA 95965 Dear Mr. Streetf--t: Butte Cal (401141LJ COMM. JAN 11 1983 Orovilla, California This letter is in response to your telephone request Lo biologist Jim Snowden for a copy of his comments to the Butte County guard of Supervisors at the December 14,, 1982 hearing on th(A; Bidwell Heights project. The folloving statements were from nc)tes jotted down for the hearing by fir. 8nowden: "My comments are concernelI not only with Bidwell Heights, but may be applied to all Of the foothill area betwet.., Chico and Forest Ranch, and to Butte County foothill areas in general.. I hope to clear up some misconceptions about Fish and Game recommendations which are made as a representative of the PeOP10 of California." "Chile i shali. focus upon deer because cf, their importance economically and socially, many other wildlife species are cilsc, affected by rural dovelopment. Some species, such as wild turkey and golden oacles, are less tolerant of hLiman harras:�menk than are deer'.!' "Describing Fish and Gameis 40 -acre minimum parcel size roCom- mendation to protect deer winter range as a 'PO11-.-y4 is an unfortunate c-hoice of words as many interpret policy as an arbitrary politica: decision. The 40"acto minimum is based on biological fact and scientific research. Herd boundaries and ranges are also based oti scibntific research and biological fact.,, "Principal sources Of information UPOh Which Fish and Game recommendations C-4re made are: 1. A SuzveY Of California Door Herds by wJ,lliamt, LOnqhurst A, Starker LOopold, and Raymond 0818=Mho This 1.952 F�ish and Game publication was based on the field work of these well known scientists from the Mue,,,-,um of Vertebrate ZoOlogy at U -Ci Berkeley. 0Ps. Steve 1.3treoteo -2- Januory 6, 1983 2, Big game managoment plans, for the Moorotown and Bucks i'-Iountain Deer Herds, prepared by Plumas Natio'llol Forest. 3. East Tehama, Bucks mountain, and MoOretown Door Itord management plans under preparation by Fish and (1,411110 as mandated by AB 1.521 (Sept. 1977) in response Lo Lho demands by the citizens of California to prosc,,rv,o door herds. 4. Long-term studies by the University of Californj.�--at the t Hopland Field Station, and other long-term stuOios such as 1,ish and Game's North Kings Herd study. 5. Local data accummulated over 30 years by Fedor,,,il and State biologists such as myself." "Out recommendations may Vary depending upon locill biological factors. In some types of habitat such as great ),),,Is ' in sage- brush found on the east Slope of the Sierra,80-ticro minimums have been recommended." "Your Planning Depa,-tmenL has a copy of t1ild1ife Oftd Ecology in the Foothills which shows how much deer habitaL is lost with various parcel minimums.` "Studies at Hopland have shown that about 33 acres of chaparral per deer are needed. This will vary depending Upon vegetation age, composition, and whether any management: activities for brush are being conducted." "Habitat losses from rural development on the Bucks Mountain Deer Herd winter range, which is confined to Butte County, have amounted to 27,000+acres out of a total of 100,000 acres. Another 14,000+ acres were inundated by Lake Oroville. Much of the te,naining range suffers from impacts such as dog kills and poaching. A report by Fish and Game estimated a loss of 500,000 acres from land development in California between 1960 and 1970. That figure has more than doubled since 1970.1" `'About 3t500 acres of East Tehama winter range will be destroyed on Doe Mill Ridge by the throe pending subdivisions and several -parcel splits. This loss will have a devastating effect on wildlife." "Some Project proponents have Claimed that chaparral OXbOh68 for 20 to 80 milt's into the Mountains and is W011 Protected,, To the contrary; the foothills are Only silt to nine Miles wide as shown by USGS topographical maps, �-hapaeral occupies about two-thirds of that width; and is no,,-, distributed evenly throughout. Nor is chaparral protected. Fish and Game commented on the general plah, amendment for the Forest Ranch area; and recommended parcel sizes Of at least 40 acres. Subsequently, Many of the larqeLntCel_ sizes which were adopted have been reduced by parcel splits." , .inuarY 6 ► :L903 Mr: Steve StreeteL�' � O n s c too 11 as recall permits ► ttjt'y 'we�ro Also included in this ]etoard�as Statements mad-- in i sp questions raised by the b as follows to Iju►t l�in�! not the am well aware that mostfoothilloftha�bi`�°a��s Oil pish and Game's pr �rtun ty. Hunters can hunt the hr loss of hunting opportunity - herd is not lost becauSQ of winlet summer range providing struction. We are required to um tive1der a�.:l. wi7.d7•ife range de rrra consp uses, nonconsumpti e as well as poaching lcascs" "Vlore people liV.L lg in the foothills increases Creek area wh`erc lot o� people live in the Brush Creek -Berry poaching occurs. You should les Ofsk mpoach ng ,considerable p l have seen exa�r�p warden about that area, oa (,�i self. Studies in Califc�aratedo fpoa0h shown tha there mY a two percent detectioncas n observed by there is only ercent of poaching incidents. Less than ten p are reported." the public Mensch, Environinental uestions► please confect ferry Services you have any q supervisor, Stelephone (916) 55-,7030. e SincerelYr Paul T. Jensen Regional L nagex STATE OF CAWORNIA—MOURCES AGENCY 4- DEPAR11"ML-NT OF FISH AND GAME PKI11ON 2 NIMBUS WAD, SUITE A ki,Rr-Ho conloVA, C�.LiroPNIA 9.5670 (916) 355-7010 March 30, 1.932 FIs. Bettye Blair Planning Department Director County of Butte 7 County Center nrive Oroville, CA 95965 I Dear Botty0: EDMUND 0. 69OWN Mi. Vovott)� 0'=t An e;qjlanation, regardinq a change in Fish and Gante mjnirreLn pjrcej. size rcoammend- ations to the county, to prote& iniportant door wintor tat -Go, in in order to clarify the reason for difference in past and present rcccmimendation4e, Our current reco=erdations, based on P -o -lion 2 staff policy, are the samQ tor all west slope Sierra Nevada counties as the deer herds on the west slope hwve similar habitats and problems. The 20 -acre parcel size was biologically inadequate, and %. at. lozy.1 kncmni to b^ sou. . A former regional manager (retired in 1981) would not accept parcel Size recotmin-nda- tions greater than 20 acres, as he wished to avoid political pressure. Region 2 Environniontal Set -vices and Wildlife Management staffs, triet with field biologists in the spring of 1581 to sot a uniform p,;,licyt set on 8 biological basis; for regional recOmilendations for minimum parcel sizos 11ccessary to maintain healthy deer herds as mandated by the State Legislature in 19-t7 (AB -1521). It was agreed tint A -0 -acre minimwits wore necessary for west slope herds. For comparison, east slope, Sierra Nevada hords need 80 --acre minitimn parcels, !,In,- biological basis for 40 -acre minimums is that one deer rccpiros about 32 acres of mature chaparral and greater acreages if chaparral. 15 not wioesproado Even 40 acres is marginally adequate considering substantial dog problems and other human induced disturbances assoiated with a residence, I hope the above will cleat any Confusion which 'has octurred in the change from 20 to 40 -acre minimum recoanondaLiorts, Ploasa keep in mind th4t) while the ulrust of this letter c0ncett% aeori nuro-ous other wildlife species are also dependent. upor. Ube same habitati If I Can be of further help, please call. Sihcerelyt Unit. M-1ha50rAli'l.611to Biologist BuLto County Wildlito hangomont y y ? . •� �x��{ Fl�;!i1tA� �''`rrt�tl� t ► 4 i Assembly Bill No. 152.1 r�li crai Cjrc�will�, CRAP Ell 839 Art act to amend Sections 204, 325, 3213, 4185, 1331, 4332, and 4370 Of, to repeal and add Chapter 5 (commencing with Section 450' of Division l of, and to repeal Section 326.5 of, the Fish and Gairie Cc de, relating to doer, and making an appropriation therefor, ( prn Hued by Coy error S�+nte�nUer t5 1977 t=,iiled -With LCGISLAT VE COUtiSEUS DIGEST A13 1521, peruio. Deer management. (1� C711der existing law, the taking of antlerless deer, as defined, is excluded from the general regulatory £),,►vers of the Dish and Came Commission, except that the commission, in accordance with spec4 t lied procedures and requirements, MV ,authorize a special hunting season for antlerless deer if it determine. such mammals are damag rng public. or private property, or may authorize antlerless deer hunts under speciai, permits In respoiZsr: to a request from an owner or tenant under land or property that is being damaged or destroyed or is in immediate danger of being damaged or destroyed by deer, The commission may also, in accordance with specified procedures, au - commission annual antlerless deer hup' , in deer herd management units or areas, which may, include eitb irt permits, following onimendations from the Dep'neof Fish deer and Game. and - conduct of specified hearings. Generally, hearings must be con, ducted in the affected cot?.nties, and with respect to specified coun- ties, the commission may not authorizeoats to such takingch of deer if the board r if the of silpervisors of that county board of supervisors determines that the proi)osed order should be modified for that county, the commission trust either so modify its order or refuse to authorize such taking of deer This bill wou! instead include antlerless deer within the general regulatory po\vers of the commission. The bill would delete provi= sions providing for special antlerless deer hunts and prescribing procedures for authorization of such hunts, Mould declare state poli icy relating to deer management, require the department to develop plans for deer herd management units containing specified program elements, and, require the depal tment to biennially report to tLn L 4slature on the restor,Ition and tna me t'Ince of dee - herds. Thn bill c ould require the dw4iartnrent to detet.nine by %cbruary 1.5th c f each year its reconimendatiori• to the commission, inchtdi^tg whether any antlerless deer hurl"s should be ordertA, would require the department to notify affected co'antieS which presently exercise veto authority of such recommendations, except for any county which elects not to receive such notifications, would. authorize such 2 43' 4 tO ita + Ch. 839 counties [o hold It public hearing on such recommendations, and would authorize the boards of supervisors t� prohibit the taking of antlerless deer within the county, or to re !re either the modifica- tion tion of such recommendations or the p`ohibition of such taking. The bill would require the department, based on the deer herd ttaanage ment unit plaaas, to recommend to the commission prior to its April meeting, those deer herd units to be placed under a general deer hunting season or to be retiroved from the general deet` 1writityg season designation, and subject to any resolution adopted by the board of supervisors of an affected county, %vhether tiny untir, u d deer should be taken and in � hat deer herd units. The bill would require the recommendation of the department to include ,spceified matters, including the establishment of any hunter-restrietod quota units, the number of the quota, and the manner in which eluota permits should be issued, The bill would also delete provisions pre- ts fora special hunt upon. scribing the procedure for issuance of permi complaints by landowners or tenant-of depredating deer, tend would require the commission to determine the manner of issuing, the par- mits and the fee, (2) Existing law requires the procurling of deer license tags prior to taking any deer, requires such tags to consist of 2 parts, permits the commission to cause to be designated on each tag the area in which the tag is valid, and permits, upon payment of specified ,fee; a person. holding a valid hunting license to procure the number of H tags corresponding to the number of deer that may legally be taken by I person during the current license year. This bill would generally authorize the commissioti to determine the design and makeup of the deer license tag and to prescribe tlae - procedures for issuance and use, The bill would also limit the number of deet license tags which may be procured to 1 teat; for the taking of 1 deer by 1 person during the current license year, but would authorize the commission to make available to a deer tag holder, upon payment of a specitted fee an additional tag for the taking of 1 deer in a designated deer herd management unit or group of units, upon determinvition that a surplus of unharvested deer exists in such ►taut or group or units. Appropriation: yes, The people of the Stqte of (( tltlbmio do enact as' A090 WR SECTION I. Section 204 of the Fish and LanaeCode is amended to reads 204, The commission has no power under this article to make any regulation authorizing- or permitting the taping of: (aa) Any bird or mammal in any` refuge heretofore or hereafter established by statute, the taking or posse4sion of which shall be regulated purstrant to Sections 10500 to 10509" inclusive. (b) Elk, the taking or possession of whit, a shall he regulated t 1521 40 11' (c purs Ill A tial ti 305. A e�C ala r�vt gilt WE or sta th" or t, l ' —3— Ch. 839 pursuant to Sections 332 and 333, (c) Antelope, the taking or possession of Which shall be regulated pursuant to Section 331, (d) Any spike buck or spotted fawn. "Spotted Fawn" means a young deer born that year which has spotted pelage. "Spike buck" means a male deer with unbranched antlers on both sides which are more than three inches in length. Any regulation establishing a season to compensate for closure of alt area due to extreme ;fire hazard shrill be;made pursuant to Section 306. Any regulation setting a special hunting season for ,mammals, except deer, or game. birds which have increased in number to such an extent that a surplus exists or which are damaging property or are overgrazing their range shall be made pursuant to Section) 325. SEC. 2, Section 325 of the Fish and. Came Code is amended to reads 325, Whenever after due investigation the co.nmiss'yon finds that game manunals, other than deer, and fur -bearing r aaratYtiiis and. resident game birds have increased in numbers in any areas, districts or portions thereof other than a refuge or preserve established by t -^'k an extent statute, to such an extent that a surplus exists, M o s that the mammals or birds are damaging public or private property, or are overgrazing their range, the commission may provide by regulation, for a special hunting season for the mammals and birds; additional to, or concurrent with any other open season specified by law, or provide for increased bag limits, or remove sex restrictions specified by law. SEC. 3. Section 326;5 of the Fish and Came Code is repealed. SEC, 4. Section 3119 of the Fish and Came Code is amended to r -ad, 329, The regulation may fix a license fee for special hunting, and designate the :number of special licenses to be imed, the area in which such hunting will be permitted, the number and sex of animals or birds that may be killed by each holder of a special license, and the conditions and regulations to govern such hunting. SM 5. Chapter 5 (commencing with Section 450) of Division 1 of the Fish 'and Came Code is repealed, SEC. 6. Chapter 5 (commencing veith Section 450) is added to Division t of the Fish and Game Code, to read't CHAPTER 5, MANACEMENt OF DEER t/450, lr is nereby declared to be the policy of the Legislature to encourage the conservation;, restoration, maintenance, and utilization of California's wild deer populations. Such conservation shall be in accordance with the principles of conservation of Wildlife resources setforth in Section 1301 and in accordarice with the objectives and elements stated in "a flan for California 'Oeer,19M" 451. As used in this chapter "general deer hunting season" means the annual season for the area in question as is set by the commission �1Jr�1 W' !wl y r. y a Ch. 8.39 �. —4— under 4undo,*r its general regulatory powers, or se: by statute, fur the taking of male deer. 432. The department shall designate deer herd management a►lits and deli@nate the manager for the units, Such units May encompass a single deer herd or a group of ricer herds having similar management: and habitat requirements and characteristics Boundaries of such units, unless appropriate, need not follow County boundary lines. 453. The department shall develop plans for such deer hard management units. The objectives of such plans shall late the i. restoration and maintenance of healthy deer herds in the Wild slate and to provide for high quality acid diversified use of doer in a California. 454. Streit management plans shall contain the followinf; Program g elements: (a) :Document existing information on deer herd management units ,Lind programs to obtiun information that may be necrlod. (b) bus clop programs to maintain and increase the rloulity of deer i habitat statewide. Such programs will ertiphatize coop.arative action between the department and the appropriate land management entities both public and private. Emphasis shall be .lirectod towards identifying critical deer habitat areas and the maintenance and management of such areas, (c) Develop programs t?, reduce natural mortalities where such reduction may be critical ,to nneeting dee, herd plan objectives, (d) Develop programs to dec►ease the illegal taking of deer through modern lase enforcement methods supported by public and private cooperative efforts. (e) Dev,6.1op diversified recreational. use programs, including both hunting and nonhunting wes, consistent with. the basic Individual deer herd management unit cap'ab►lities. V 455. Deer herd mar ragement unit plans shall be reviewed ainnually and shall be the bas► for department recommendations to the commission pursuant to tEu< chapter; 455. The dwpartment shall biennially report to the Legislature on the progress that is being made toward the restoration arid maintenance of California's deer herds, Such report shall emphasize the program element that deals with deer habitat, particularly those problems dealing with identification and preservation of critical deer habitat areas. } 457, The department shall determine prior to February 15 of each year its proposed recommendations to the commission, Including its recommendations m to whether any antlerless doer hunts should be ordered. The recommendations of the department shall include the number, if any, of antlerlw deer that should be taken in units, whether the permits should be either -sex permits, the proposed dates for each loch inking, and the mnmmi ber of perts proposed for each unit. 2 1621 68 IM Ch. 839 458. The department not later than February 15 shall notify, b certified mail, the board of supervisors of each county affected of the details of its recommendations affecting such county, V The board of superaisors of any affected county l ratty elect to hold a public hearing on the proposed re^ommenda.tions of the department. Any such hearing shall be held prior to April 1. The director or his representative shall attend the hearing, The board of supervisors of any county to which this section is slpplicable may, by resolution adopted, elect not to exercise the rights conferred by this section. Upon receipt of any such resolution, the u dopartment shall not thereafter be required pursuant to this section to notify the board of supervisors of such county of its l recommendations afE'ecting such county, i This section applies only to the boards of supervisors of; and to i those districts or parts of districts in, Sisiuyou, Modoc, Trinity, Shasta, Lassen, Plumas, Sierra, Alpine, Amadora Btitte, Calaveras, Colusa Del Norte, El Dorado, Glenn, Humboldt, Imperial, Iny% Lake, y ,4ladera, Mariposa, Mendocino, ;Merced, Mono, Ivion:terey, Naha, ' Nevada, Orange, Placer, Riverside, San Luis Obispo, Santa 'Barbara, q Santa Clara, Tchama, Tuolumne, Yolo, and Yuba Counties, 959. The board of supervisors of any county which has held a public heariat p g pursuant to Section 458 may, not later than April 1, by resolution adopted, objer.,t to the proposed recommendations of the department or may by resolution adopted, determine that the proposed recommendation should be modified, setting fotth the necessary trtodifications, A resolution objecting to, or setting .forth modifications of, the Proposed recommendations shall be based upon the testimony and information presented at the hearing, or presented to the board of supervisors at its meeting to consider such resolution, The department shall not recommend to the commission, and the commission shall not authorize, the taking of antlerless deer in a county if it has received from the board of supervisors of that county a resolution objecting to such taking. in the event a board of supervisors of a county has submitted a 'resolution determining that the department's proposed recommendations on the taking of antlerles t deer should be modified fo- that county, the department shall either so modify its recomnrendau Ins and the commission shall so modify its orders, or the department shall not reconnmend and the j commission shall not authorize the taking of antlerless deer in such ' county. Y cThis section applies only to the board of supervisors of, and to those /districts or parts of districts in, Siskiyou, Modoc, Trinity, Shasta, + lAssen, Plurtnas, Sierra, Alpine, Amador, _Butte, ;Calaveras, t,,olusa, Del Norte, El Dorado, Clenn, Humboldt Imperial, rnyo, Lake, Madera, Mariposa, lvfendocino, ivleeced, Mono, Monterey, Napa, F Nevada, Orange, placer, Riverside, San Luis Obispo, Santa Barbara, Santa Clara, Tehama, Tuolumne, Yolo, and Yuba Counties, - n I Ch. 839 —6- 460. 6 460. Prior -to the April meeting of the commission as requirt�d in Section 207, the department shall recommend to the commmissiot, those deer herd units to be placed under a general deer hunting season, At the same time the department shall recommend to the commission subject to the provisions of Sections 458 and 459 whether any antlerless deer should be taken and in what deer herd units. these are to be taken. If in the judgment of the department there are deer herd units in which hunting pressure would adversely affect the deer herd, or impair the hunting experience, or endanger the public safety, the department shall also recommend to the commission those deer herd units where hunter numbers should be restricted and which should be removed from the general deer hunting season designation. The department shall inform the commission of tht� condition of each deer herd unit. Upon receipt of thr recommendations and 'information required in this section, klte commission shall make such material known to the public atd its determinations regarding proposed regulations, The recommendations of the department shall, in accordance with the provisions of Sections 458 and 459,include the number, if any, of antlerless deer that should be taken in units, whether the pertntits should be either -sex permits, the proposed dates for each such taking, and the number of permits proposed for each unit, At the same time the department shall recommend the establishment of any hunter restricted quota units, if needed, and the number of the quota and manner in wh, i such quol.a permits should be issued. SEC. 7, Section 4188 of gine Fish and Came Code is amended to rend,, 4168, When a landowner or tenant applies for a permit under Section 4181;5, the commission, in lieu of such a pert -nit may, with the consent of or upon the request of the landowner or tenant, under appropriate regulations, issue permits to persons holding va!td hunting licenses to take deer in sufficient numbers to stop the damage or threatened damage, The commission, prior to issuing permits to licensed hunters; shall investigate and determine the number of permits necessary and the territory involved and the dates of the proposed hunt, and the manner of issuing the permits and the fee, ` SEC. 8. Section 4331 of the Fish and Came Code is amended to read: 4331. The commission may determine the design and makeup of the deer license tag and prescribe the procedures fo,• issuance and SEC, 9, Section 4,132 of the Fish and Carne Codo is amended to °reads 4.332, Any resident of this state 12 years ofage am over tvho possesses a Valid hunting license may, upon payment of three dollars (83), procure one license tag for the taking of one deer by one person during the current license year, 2 1621 90 130 r1ny a valid iS2:5)> person The, deer e: units n' of this a surpl ,deer b) dosignal a surplu SEC. read; 4570.1 general with bo cn three d, in that a archery firearm 5' ch, 8;39 Any nonresident of this state, 12 years of age or over, who possesses a valid hunting license, may, upon payment of twenty-five dollars ($25), procure one license tag for the taking of one ,deer by one person during the current license year. The commission upon determination that a surplus of unharvested deer exists in a designated deer herd management unit or group of units may make available an ad( ..,onal tag (option tag). Any resident of this state, 12 years of age or over who possesses a deer tag may purchase for five dollars ($5) an additional tag for the ta:„ �g of one legal deer by one person during the current license season for such designated deer herd management unit or group of units for which a surplus of deer has been declared, Any nonresident of this state, 12 l years cF age or over who possesses a deer tag may purchase for thirty-five dollars ($35) one additional tag for the taking of one legal -deer by one person during the current license season for such designated deer herd management unit or grnup of units for which a surplus of deer has been declared, SEC. 10. Section 4370 of the Fish and Came Code is amended to read, 4370. In every area in which deer may lawfully be taken during the general open season there is an archery season for the taking; of deer with bow and arrow, The season for each area shall be as the ` commission may prescribe, with a minimum interposing intY rval eij thro,- d, t - .y n-todung the regular openseason cn deer in that area. No person taking or attempting to take deer during such archery season shall carry, or have under his immediate contrul, any firearah of any bind. x t j O 6 A'y a �s2t �s t�1 i i M