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BUTTE CO. PLANNING DEPT. 77-24 2
vt _: ' 'r°• ': _ I.. . r` j" l,� L Y The h sic ra' hic area of the County which: offers the p Y, 4 p O q ' a U 4 gre2ttest ,topographic r6fief is i.h� t a rea- of= s te�p ;Baa►ate .-. tarn slopes. This area lies at'the weft side of the: Sierras in the eastern 'p,ortion of the'County,: xt rises- « from the' pl'a�ns to a maximum ,oight of, 6,650 .feet. 810pe "very, a range'' from gehtl;y,; rolling.,,-, to tteepa Elevation 1 S ' n ' �� 41 �• '� r.C) Elevation does have a certain degree of i nlluence u � eai: " `. a e a°ti v� :s es �C,,4 man . At h.� ghat e,icvatzuns , dxstirac- t4> tsye .,atmospheixc char ges are L Ir lance 'wh�ch affects' ,1 . r .. the among,other tngslnsoutt�f ertila. y , veger �' ian r: and: human lifestyle.,, butte,county where the highest t, elevat oh s.s- 6 r '' O feet, ,,thi-, enomena `are,, ,sggnif .- " Gant enough to` place constrairfi:,� on man':"s ,.use o4 the { r„ � slope • Slope oil'"they land" surface' can"bei° xnre e8 In one of twda wa , , First, it can,,be" ex ressesl .a's a Y " p. r'�irc6n' tage For„ instancer a 1.2E slope mems" that thereis 1=2 feet �1 of verb q rise for every 100 feet of horizontal di,sµ <' - tance. �Ihe sewha way I�o `describe slope is in degrees For example', a slope oft 45° leans that the land, sur _ fade lying at al�, degree ,angle to the horizontal s plane. 'A 45 s1'ope wsould ecr'u�al,t a 100 slope, , since i 1 li there would be ] 00f�/+� Pt of vasty cel rise in 100 „feet e, „'L.,'� ij of horizontal di"stari,' e . +: For. 'the purposes of" this re-- port, slope �.ils in terms of porcentage;s o Attitudes of avy group of people towards flatness'; or 'steepness° of slopes, depends upon the atrallabiZ- " 'ity of. flat la'nc� Within their community. A mouhtain com unity m qht not be sensitive to constrtIct%on of houses on s16'es of 40% or even greater, because of °the shorta4e of flat lana upon which to hula d tlio`'ee houses, Yn Butte Ceuizty iho lands,xpe has areas of " flat or gently4 loping terryin; tover`` a vast ;o1ogrtioh of the oou �t . , , - c' g� 'She, significance of steep slopos does not lie solely. In �heZr aesthetic value: Steep ••slopes"pxesent a ve1zY detmita constraint to internsve use by mangy' Build , Ibg costs, rise where=steep z1.o'pes are encoi.n%ered anti the dan er of erotion y wil th its tion o! wate:niays, increases With the 'ste6pnelss of _ , the slope (Seo MO Because llin and stoop? � c much of Butte County is ro ` . � ; i' �a C i.ts topography ;presehts ,.a problem to clevolcpi�ent. , t _ try: 3. J .,ak MAP r a S H "Aa 5 p ,.. wU M` 4 C ; L A a c>-11 ley '� � s ` V "'1 • � I IL M;.d UJ ', 1 �.� L " � �,'J "� ' 1 +?+ytitail( �.•.,. 1 n L G LU`5A r, i„ati4a (i �lq. S Nb(N ;ti AtPtNE J s a t!! tl ' y • W E f r 4 t� A A RJ3G EXRLARATIOfV 'r NON TO SLIdHl a 1 �I i w- _; � a�� r�� ti's ,•. `� ',� . I� �s v Ro, aN i��r�v17" - +.77 rryy �Y,ern..., _ .. . 'l. ,,. ,.r f • ` T+ lLr o , � $ 1 n , i <r.t$ , 'r r „ n 1.1.5 Hineral Resources3 , -The 'potential for recd very, ofmineral resaurces' i.n �} wB'utte Country exists in many,ardas. The major area of mineral resource production now in he County 3.s limited to r�,atural, gas, sand and gravel c' t:« Commercial production of gold„ silver chrome oreo cif- „ :.der's I -,and stone ha�re been'':recc�rc�ec in the Immediate' past, however,,,,, the level of production was low -and for economic reasons commercial production has tually ceased, > tI bl:e 3 lists ' the mineral pxoduct`yon for Butte Loup y �, for the years 1907, 1470 and 1971-o as, tinted i' the -u Mineral nformation Senrice Publication'; Tk fir and Clib6te gather in Butte County is very much influenced by" , 1,-cs geographical Jocat'ion. Butte County liep mostly Within the Central Valley of Cmliforniati This val.wy -IS " ley is bounded on the east by the Sierra Nevada mown- tains which rise to a height ,of more than 10,000 feet, and on the west bV' tile' Coastal Ranee mountains. Thus " bounded # the Central valley is a `Long, ex -�*hdlv6 trough 3,: sd'to speak'' generally placed to the middle of the state. Butte county is situated, within this valley trough with no topographical air barriers to the north , or south within 200 miles. -the Coastal Range mountains separate the Central Val-', from the P&oific Ocean almost entirely. The, main avenue thro-,agh which the marine climate can directly influence cl ima't-),logical, conditions" c.f the Valley is r through the Carquinez 'Straits. The Straits is an open- ing in the Coastal. Range, "which al'loWs od'ean air to enter into the valley; Ventilation through the Car- " ciui,nez Straits and the restriction of ventilation by-> surrounding mountain ranges are influential in, mod- ifying the climatlt d nuttc County. cy Temperatures >` The climate ofd the -Butte County region 113, of the. 1Mdd- i.terrahean 'ana 'subtropical, type, and is characterized ;1 „ by hot; dry suhvners ; and coolmoist Winters. The absence of any major physiographic vaflations withiin the Bounty results zn .,, nearly uniforrti'i;cl imate for the tt"tt area, with 'the excepti0h of''"the mountain „ area. Increased elevat,tons keepr�ummer temperatures < Lower "in the mountains than inthe remainder of the f d Cotinty. J *Reker ,,'.o RefereWro Section l+ fM 17; n Heavy fay��� a,cal;ly called �dFu a fog,,",, sie g P is expo nce,d sv .' Y`I e 'vena } y areae etzrxng,° the ~winter 'month"s w th amore r pre dom� nan, along watemays . The fog frequa tly ac- dura curs i g ,y p6rsi.st for and morn- ings, Ings, butt "'so P interval per odsthe sever " da to two or t4:ree weeks. On the avea e, fogl g g ocouk0:., w. thirtryzfive '(35) dayv per year: �J Precipitation and Sno fall Annual rai*fall. 3ln Ruttee Count 'va 'r`i.es from g ei` nteen (18) inchet"�} Lhe valley,,, to eighty (80):'nches in the, higher n�cscui'�'azn areas. A nut 9a d r . � percent ofthe annuall� pre01"kJi,tation occurs 'during g the perzncl of 'r0cto� bet to May ;�;�'w�T G Snowfallvera ;gel m takes place in 4*he Saoratme)�to S valley area StV t'd { h` n it does, ;the amount- is sm4S 1. and } it melts ve t�. �� uicltl Recent regords 3ndir_ate that tete valley ag�-a las had snow in 1§49, 199y6', 19fal3, and 197' 6 The tMq ntaxn area has snow and serves �w`atersht-1, as a area for the vaziouannual-1y s` ��treams And tive�:s in the counts ;" k -,- incT5eason .� j " The"s ng'asn Is that"'�} Pexaed of time wfieh the i temperatur`''' Ari+' above 3? :.de tees , g 'When theempera-- -� tute is at 32���logrees or less,, the kill.in frost ri,od, the gr�vli�ng'' season ceases. Valle g Po y P f g oo tions of Butte County r �4ve a talo*� s ,� 5 g growYn sea�cn. Asad on the average rd�mber of days of �2+ degree temperatures, the grow.nd season ranges from 200 days in or near" the Sierra to over ;300 days 'near the City = of Gridley. t; '2h 'st,.of the"lahcIs being cultivated in the 'County ep qpy ,a growing season of �hround 275 clays a year. Atfel.-Alb t�emperaturd�' in July vary from an } approximate c4�3 �lykhigh of 03 degrees to a daily lora i" of 57 ctegr 3es L Tem eratiires xn .7'aniia P ry vary from an avexage `illgii, �_ ° tc '370. 4 �t an average low of Bxtreme `em v tbu:�from near 2P to 115° for ai►y given Year ea� Winds in BVtt -01 o+ t are �.n Itiencod xis most instances ° b the cook„ ma,'enair enteran the Central Valley through the ` Cagui nex,, Strai fps Because of the ,north"= south ori.entation'bf the Creat CaY fo,rrz a galley,, the winos adarict°``' �asterl from tlje; sea to the west+- once 1n the valle� i w� nanr�e ditdcti.ons and blow either north. totaard.s IIutt0l ;06'Unty or south towards San L!oaqui.'n County; '' de�iending upon �a�sting at'tnospheric pressures . `q t 2-8 , r yy5 ,. 8ou'�X1E?' �' a , y,winds :pt.evail in the county with an �;aVekg --, _v� rs hot�c g,�c�car oav�ri �`� tosxi .t)��, �� Un' cacc+ :sio,n this south wand roes nat eactona avaross `jti , the e -v re valley f1borx but instead, a ,+ iglit north�- ` ` v.Oxly Ci untgF-current MAY on the arrest side ref va�l.ey 3b�Z ,cY(�I wnr x the wndGd'l-a w t ons - are genezy depen- u1aon the pass, g a f�� fronta sys oMs through the Q: �A3.1.ey l Sou heast r �,;w n,ds gener<� ly occur as, a cont J proa�hes wa.th ,a m;t:'I,ca wind shift to the northwest �� 4r mor. ,nay ,lx aftea=, the' "� ont has passed, ,, rhes Stj6y teat, �northelly •winds occ:x�a:;r r„after the "front has pas�:ed.r�' clot- , creasin an. sgee - or;re;t+ a peAod, of a Sew days . S1 �i ff fix mov ment may 8tacjna6e b�-,tw;ien. stole ms in winter.” �I { but the hi � h est fre '� ,, giuenc�Y of sta.griatian cacours in autumn.duri, f� ceases can -1 .befar�'. the�sea�son of ,Winter star summer flow_ �j �tasm� .;has com�-. ii men6e�c .. 'Durinc any season, na ghttime old (Iensit flows may oee i�r z the abs ,nese of strong barolnetriLl es-- CZ, :xegra�53.ents. Thoeo fors are Croat ironounc�ec in sloping`r,Rotntain val oys ani, tend l.o follow water drain-- � { age patt���rns t. pooling �h These den's�.ty Bows �,eacl to a ao�.in a•� cold air w�.t • a temperature inversion at the top of the :pool; thust"', ani! radla�;.ib:n inversion that might tacur independently 041 the Va]ul floor may be aucinL opted by cold air flown U ing off o� the s1otaxng, sides Gf the Bral ey Siinsh inq and Cl. gainess The County experiences a;great deal of sunshine through- out the year. Uur..ng the winter wonthsabout ° per- cent of the days have. sunshitex and during the sum- �l Taer months'1 sunshine prevai? s even 95 percent:,.', R typical year in Butte reports 154 oltax days t 67 partly cloudy days , ' and 1,04 cloedy and. Baggy days Hurti6ity ry General y, stzmmcrs are ary anew w r are fiaist, with '� r ` • ileM relative humidity frorn, about w to 80 percent through- "but hrough_,but the Oays t during mumid� r ito-nth x arat's bib to '90 per- duringwinter. .J 'tl` i` \\although air pea latiob is normally considered a prole lem of highly urbanized areas , it it, becoming an inµ Otaa81Ajly 8dti'�u8 problem, thrbutq oUt talifornia� 1 ; x ., 1� Yn.:._1Q70, a age.. report:wds,-..?ublished`b Ya sc�epia�, enyironmenta�.' counc�.Z r:reated by" uove�rnor •Reagan and the Legislature. in the Report,.: it stated; � now abundantly clear that only, the boldest &A"a moe,t„ r imaginative measures will bV,'e capable of saving the 0 w State from an environmental! cl ;aster.,," The 'Report, noted that air gol2ution "s killzng the Ponderosa j:pj nes,,, , in huge quantities in the, 5a Bern lino Mountains , 80 „ more >foa htenin s Angeles but; ctatejd that' it was even a miles easy o, Lo 9 q that these ?-pines ; ✓ere now dying throug4- a outche, State including those, �.ocated in such, remote areas as Sequoia National Forest, The Report farther hbted that fb was obvious that air pollution .had bei come a statewide. problem since pollution /46blpg.as are occurring in communities such; as Fresno WA;'16h is sut-� „ .. y t agricultuta_, lands and mountain ,rounded, b nothing bu areas, Air contaminating ac'tivjt es`'�of `�fiode ,, 'civa 1 Twat 'oh c� f: fal;1 „into three general categories. '16 -;A,t'tx3.tion , 2 vaporization, 33', combustion, Attrition is ttlle., ff spersal,; of Particulates" n u (past ides o solid' or liquid maue`i`��ly' the ,atmospi�bre, Such a'�trition processes include s6ndAng,) 'grinding , demolishing..-. itr ll- inevitabl.yicontribute to Pollu i�ac�ustr 'es � it A multitude o to cin by attrition. r7 Vaporization is the change 0�..ja Substance from liquid to gaseous state. Vapori.tatik'�n has ttio aspects as a contributor to .air ,pollu_ tion» Qne is the vapor ieation of ter' bstances f undex heat and pressure'. The atlie'a s the natural var;,Cation of volatile materils ( 1 voXatiI , materza14 s) one that readzl,Y evapo*�- ates at normal teml^eratures Vaporia�, 3ioh kl is the major cabse of odor , o£fensivfi::Zls��,� otherwise. Some materials ate particulari " °crolat•i9 „they cha$ge ea`t'l from liquid ;to 1f gasat: i�'.�la uxrel yr, `,',low temperatures A17. they I� �itfJ.tie space to expand In. OuAoline �.,-� (� is sucPl�a ]_iq ua.d. Othdr materials evapnrb a >'' ate c�rrly 'unser feat ox' pressure, gut innumer, t5 '' able ar,id indttstriaI proce'ses 'use 41 \ . , heatp �(and ressure to it duce material changes, In t2mpbnents dburSe of,. AL,,_, 'se operations , some,:; ©,, t the vaporize Anil to we h1ave pollrx�- (( tion��� Combuttion is the third of, the trot�hle-�la�ting . processes of 1�rbdh zatf8h or))civili a,aon and is pro)iably the most liA'��c of sur fir el ' •�F . 1 til c, r"L a pro- pollution, problem.combitst:ion is the. pro- — _gess„ i�f burning.- It. is the chemical coin- _..... „ hination of-'certain substances using G%y-„ gen, tyle nrodttction of energy `bcein,V the re- suit. fuc-�l is burned with the aid of 7 y 't oxygen >creati ng hyproclltcts such as ;, water ,., . (� vapor ral�carbon cl,ioxzde and waste n`aterials , ` imperfect .combustion is taking plate--the r' fuel" wase `t coriplotoly usable, aAttd the fue,1- using mechanism h'as emitted pol ti ng ,sub` perfect .�hatmbust c►ri Xs never complete or stances. Co p over the sittiation;-and 'different �o circumstances and, combustion.: pi-oceses ,p-, y r duce va rinq emiaeions . The sources :4 po.11.ution are generally diVi.ded into V five cdtego x es : transportation, power Tants , ,space heat, refuse disposal, and industry. The amount of pollution"these five sources produce is usually given in mill.ioxis •`°of tons per year of the major poll atants,�- � i d � , �, , n1:ro ca.�bon� monoxide, 'sulfex oxides, 1l clrztr;�.rbona, „ gen orci c es end particulate matter. . , U Q + -) '� A.ir Pollution has numerous effects, on l umari health,_ and afii tal life . .Air pollution can al .qo effect metal aazel _ r e r flowers i £abrzcs rurk�or r fruits, veg tables , 0� anO trees, Although air pollttta on is,,a serious -prop �µ ti?., eY_1em prim&rily because of its offect on human health, 11 >, \tt has , howe '; er, a detrimental. economic effect. The economics of polluted air can result in higher Medical ,�gxeater absenteeism, iglinr foocl bills, lot�7er read. estr%�e value, reduced or Oeatroyeci crops and cost- liar e+'tuipme»t. 4, ; of The econonics of air pollution coarse, are zm itant because of the effect zn build= zngr clothes, and crops but it ootild he unfortunate ;'{� to.4weigh the--- c6ollar -ioat of control against the dollar cosi of peij,.ion. xhe princiile problem is that pollu tion ``threatens not ofily man's: ,health and his economy ' 'It; 1. psycYitalogical effects wh�.ch but that �. it ;has detra.mc'i are no{.k measurable by a7iy me,43'.cal or Je`cybnotic standards` the inab3l3y tc seF`.. mountain, ranges or e'n!oy a (country- «" 1 side be:aue pf eight; obscuri g air pollution or sae-- cause of foul odors or eye :irrigation 60. cttoys marl s �x , abi.l it'y to'°'relate to his 'su'rrodnr'i ngs in A positive �•�� way` r'i`pe chst o' t ollt'a,t or' heir. is both �tteasqralale, and, oasurabl.e ant; the greater danger may bar' I the �, �t effects which can riot be ea:ured zn ay Medica' labt�s� 4 !:! atory or on a rxof t afto 1688 sta•ent. in %Ianu�.`lry of 1511,BUtte County formed an }air l'�ollu- tion control dzst-rict to compl. ,,w th the State 1�z� Pte sources rejulat bits° a�rnpoll fi4;con� The 4rt�' e Air Ai,. , ..: m �.. '°si,.,v U fj Resources, Board has db,pte'd agricultural, burning Ouicle- llint es 11 and, meterological crite�-- a -o+r regulating ghoul- : . tui:a1 burning which are, 'to be _incorporated into thof Suite, County: Ai"r Pollution nistric� ;regulat�'oi�S. �tegula ' �.ontrol other �.nur� es of air pollutiox� have., also, hp -en, AadZptecl by thr p str et with these guicle�.ittes. al The 6u�tte County 'Aij Pollu „i tion Control bistrict r4l"O ates the burning of agr »^ ., cultural P'rod'ucts:; Industrial 'anc 'commercial wasted .. and wastes eminatin ' from residential ��velo, 9 pment » . g.,ttte' rte; County is in,,,the Sacramento VAl.ley ai.r basin as deO' (jigtnated by ;the 04A4 see (s:ee Map ,T) 'The northern portion of California Lias relAt vely of earn air, especially,when cainpared to noire southern Call°» _fornia areas. , The nearest monitoring station is in Chico, -which his been operated by the California Air, Resources 13oard since 1970 • r Concent r° tions of the various pollutants are afuns- , tion of all erti88i6ft sources fixpd and mobile. 19`70 ;has been establis�roj ection�base ecaus� xt �.s the ':mal'it .�: year for Alt qu , measurements and as`t Y recent comilete fixed source emission inventory. Sart Apps.&/u C) The =ximgm 8 -hour, average concerotrat on of carbon monoxideC(C'o) observed at the chic "' at' on during 1970.. �`� was 9 parts per m� 11ion which just a`�taa -he: Federal Air Quality Standards (Table �� ,.� The annual aVerage of nitrogen dioXide CN'O2) for 19 70 was»�23 parts per Million which is lens than onE:lnayf the Fedehxal Standard of O00a The ►naXimum oxidant (0 ) one-hour average, concentta � � t tion was 0 .14 p*rts per million coinpO±ed to the Pod-, a a� w; era l "Standard of'w0$' �.S! w � An analysis of the l nventovj data thdicates a reduc�- = tion in the source strength ;for All these' pollUtants '.� due to emission controls acid all these Cohistituents should be within the Standards by the 1977 time table for achieving the desirea ambient air quality, r A1«srl>=NT AiR QuALrr� STASOA'RbS AIPIT"Lt�CAl�4LE IN CALIFORNIA , t, ds.l�'1. Ani:. . Uffornlas'tandar�s �ed�rr S±c�ds�e3 hotaehemistl �kideats' — -- Some a r 01 r, a 'I�nrhat�! tier �Apl 10 air � 0,10 pp�i _�� 0aN "P6M► `� PrizirNy St��' iZ "Ours O Hods g Qrimar�r i''r rj „ 40 pilin' �`�r �35 ppm ,, ;Standards , Mitro4er klioxitle x, Annum Ayera®e 00 5 ppm. Same at 1�Ha%'�' 0:25 ppm Awa Primety:St�. 5ullarr QoxiNo w Aiv�na� Avetayt ppni O.Q.pprat 2�`'I'4oa►rs' 11.0+9 plsNt 0,14 Pp�tr " 0.10 p�Sm 3l#wn � — 0.5 ppm zu r�? 1 Hart 05 ,ppm — t _ t� rt t..Y Suspendod Partiolote Matter Annual Geometrec !Need" fi0 r 76 60 2A' ti olrts 100 260 150 Load (patticuieta) 38 May Avarmet Nydtngoh SuNide ,: 1 NaNr O:OJ pilin: `' , r Hydlacarbons 1Coire�ted`lof l�eth�nel _ 3 Halm' "0,24 ppm`' i8_•� e.rr1:1 � Swine is �Pri:,oarySt+i,'� V1 slitir Roddohii 1 Obiaivatiod, Visibility to loss this 1q the Partictet miles when hUmii#itjr is E� rrAeif�ive lOS. 'than 10'�� , .i Vi. waw +:uY.. ' IL tdo�ist' , i, Nalilin�ll r1�1.1ry St,rrtd,►rJs, 1`he 5 <.l ., , . `� ', i j , l ehlth, ac star ninth IaVtlx ��► .rlr qualtiv ttr�k5aarl, with an adayuat� trtar}.ut rrt tiar4lyx tri pia tc4t the pub trw it , ,y tach ,,, :Ili attsin the 'rliilut � Sian• l _, p S tiurais 1111 later thuri dir e.yr.ars uPtet that Nlulex.� nhpltirtchW11 �i1111.11115 nppruaed b� lfi'4 ir'ivounnt'ehwl oleclion Ageney' C1:1'4). ; 1, '�uiruttpt $ecoldary 5t tnal,rtds, The ietels A't' ur1` qualrtN tleaetiS0%, tti prrytea:t Ilia+ pliltl:. �f e�ll'tikc lirt+ni stty i,11,i,\ n u1, alitiop ted at vmG elfeel1 Uf a ptlllulan1, taeli s'(�ie ' itttletallaih°tlrr aril 9rt� turiii,irds'�titlitrl ;I "rra�s�nullt�� ,tti� �" atter illrphnt��ht,rrtim plait t approved Its FMV,61 1:11yd';rttlx, artlri�a f1t ltl thane lra~;ed ryrt ttntl,►1 ��r�lart45 ter atlntiill kr!ritfl trir irleatl �,rr�` ltrtt 1�1 fico a r�'t�i`'tled ititire tllati r}ituu per �y'eaF,' r Me;--�ourmos Bode ,a 01 Mt x' �Ga��t.ltion sir pollution i noWidenti f1 eCl W';. `Ci? tho WQ 'td wog, QTS b._ - torically'r this word `referred to, the "simultaneogs occurrence of smoke anO fog, as is "frequently eneountexrCd in London. However the Califq,xnia type involves neither smoke ,of"smocj nor fog Tt arises�t rimarily •from 17rmical reactions that ocdUk in: the atmosphere under the catalytic i.nf lttence oL 11 solar radiation," -:for this r�pason, it is -referred to as a' photochemical, smog. The London tyre (� smog occurs on cold, foggy days ox jhts; ,ni Ittrap;s pollutants con -is inch chiefly of: soot and snl.fut derivatives and :it hol,(ls them Suspenb0 in tb'e air. In ' contrast;, the- pTzotohefiical smog. in Califoxriia gccitrs in the middle of Warn :gunny dayo. k �.`�ie "thin ha�ye ' i gat obscures the skies is a,—result of bright sunlight Actinq on, airborne reactive (hydrocarbons)arta nitrogen oxides - One source, of fj'►.a, constit�,iviits of p)zotoc�ltemica smogs is `Jrom oxhaust e7'gissior vehlcl. Y',*it•h internal coribustion ' engines. it: i.s estimatro that a inajor portion ot� the nitxo- gen oxides, ar.rl hyclrocs,rborls emit:tod into the Butte air comes from motor vehicles. Other than phOtocher,. cal "sing, PuOa1ir►ty experiences ab ther commt�n asd�'oc4- of aijr rolliition, particulate matter. Moor vel icl.os also oarti.culat o matter, but in butte County; its chief source' tisuallV i � sro),k and ci+.:1st from open fires, agriculture, izAi8try, construction and other, activities. ` Air Pollutants oxist as mimite particle's of 6119t, smoke oz fumes, as drorl"ets or vapors of l icitUd; or, as gaseous peoducts'. Sore are common materials and others are rare ane tran'sitory Soot and Owgt, free hyArochl.oric "and sul- ft tic acid, andp oll.en and other kii,,Os of allergens used to `the regard 0 6r, azo most Gommoi! ane' import ant c:or ponents in alt pol.lotior , Those materials sti.l.l. c-onstitute :a very largo percentage. of air pollutants, but the current pollU- boli problem is f'tirt�"6,r comrlicatod by a multiplicity of 'net+ smbstane:es iel.easocl, into tho air devices of man Is technologv: 10 ftnii-bring of air gtiali,tV is through the col" loction of air sarj)le5, and cif the amounts of 0iffetont air nol:l .tams contai.ne6 bliottln, Several air ~' pol. utant9, eftoti roferrorl to as cont mi.nants, have been spocifically selocteri a9 indiro , of air duality. These F4 conat",i.nants; -qttch as carbon ManoxiOo and exiOes of hi.tro- geme warroseloctoo dtio to' their i b portant effects upon plant and animal hoalth r material. finishes, ant ai mospherid rtes.. thetics :, �, t� ((( Therms!. Inversion aid the Valle' rAir Tragi_ { ' r. Air p€illutioxi is le,ss a local problem when it is diluted by a large volume of availab7 P air, v�ell mixed or "b];ow�a awav by[,prevail.ing winds• and not photochemicallY,;`ggrd" vated however, in the abs`bnc.e of these influences• one can become quite aware: if not annoy ed by` t�ir Pollution. „ The geography and weather of the Central val]ey� o£tera ciuxing fall, limit the dispersal of air pollutants that ".' "cause photochemical: smog. Several factors, thermal "in -,y " 1610 version, mountains, wind; and sun, collectively :affect F ob�.erns Rutt.e County s 1 cal air and related pollution pr c o l The mountain ra�thih-surround the Centk mou�ntain�al lie s restra� are natural air cuxx oht barriers These c� ` a ing winds of lower `el.;isvat*on,s from MIX most of the ,c�.rcul ' .rig, and dispersing' r saa ree es wh�cl' gals th .o gh the Garq,jine7 air corridor ,pro- ` air ollutants of the valley The. b itbw�, vide relief forsutteoiint r for part of the year. ever; c'l amak+c'„' conditions durjrig zthe , fall cause this ma- nine air to be infrecucnt t in svTarni.ny uutte Counties a`t- J o f mosphere. : The gw or rind drinu thi3s eriods where 3, lays stag,* abler„t aiYd the air experience ” . c ,pollutant$ a `r v pant” r�th little m��t�ng or r.�spersal of i X� second influence to the"County air, qualztV is the' sme Phenomenon of thermal inversion. The air next to ;fie) �1 round is us ial'ly warner than the upoet lavers of Ar., re For each 1000 foot increase �.n altitude � �� tempers decreases al�ottt 4 decres Fareriiheit When the reverse occ+yrs and cr_tnl air is ove'riain by warm air, .,a thc�rm��'1 invPr3aor e=xists, vertical,.air movement ceases and pl7u ion wall. be concentrated �Athin ldr YSelow the inversion' t on clear nights, the earth loses heat 'bY radiation and cools tpie,',' air in oritact �t;+i th a t _ TI -,e, cool air ager is „, overlay l,v warmer air, and ver�ibC- l as r movement: induce . m yin wer air to induce and ,ubsootient 5 until"us � vpe.,6f inversion , . This t -, e sun �ufftc�.entl e{�arms the o,. i's. called radiatsni�r�versiQtt anc. it frequently occurs al val.lev.beca. It occurs moQntains -use of the .-surrouncixng n the Ceni.rhori7cntal, air movementi* resur� ctrg a uently 'and strongly during a�itumn than the to pev "to the c� longer hights . if the air is moist and the t,etnpei2, ; is }below the clew Point t � e. the temper.'uxe at 'which the air will: have a, 'relative "M*d`'tV of l'Oh Percent) ; the familiar valley "tulp fog" also f0tin8 Autte County has A second tvt�e of the [ + 1 invert i.on subs N This occurs when upper air descends; sideiice inversion, i teci too fertn a ,4 and as it does so r it; is domt7re�:qed anct lyes Warm dense air stratum, This thortnal ihvOtsinri La=yer n tq,> � w ,, n l 1i ho�revex, durirq the stir' _er Find fall mort-.h, an altitwle of '7000 or more f eet durzr much cif the year; - „ - 5:r t1�t�► �.I1"U'P_i8i'Qn , , laver desc.,?rOs to. -&n alrtti.tiZr�P of 1,11 -n or ?,ROn feet. The rt �ubs,idencE° , aver"s ion acts as a r'canopy over the vallev air a �9 asin . The vol are o` JJ X� usually available for - the dil a - Pr ta.on cif 'air pt is severely =reduck3,, ano .vertical and -lat;eral Oi!spersa_on; of air contatrirants i.s xess'nJI ed°, IZ r The sun's iYq'at-ing of the cooler lower a"ix has, a :lesser im-� :I w pact in�lis`pell n sttbciaonce thermal inversions, The dol,ary I)Ays `can in fact�`aggrawa e the air qualify problbm. With. 4. poor or absent winds to �(ix and (xiGpel airborne polluW.iks r and thi!imal inver'.Licin coi.�centratiinq the pollutants the ivarly fa 11 sunlight acts a a catalyst to aid in lad"o8ucing Ph te?cheirical sr6 Thus effected by i.nc►ers font mountains, wItic3 and sunt Bt t' e County'hkls ro.tentially conducive cond tioxs for 4ir pnll5�t,- tion. Pdriods which may last{jfroir several to rttaiiy. days do occur when particulate and pho'tochemical aiz,pol:lution c'an occur. Butte County does not -experience � high level" of pollution primarily because there is a low voltoo of r 6tor vehicles and industries in the Sacramento valley. By' no means however; is Butte Ca'unty imni ne11to' the `Los Ano gples type of air po] lution. h very real. throl and po- tentiarl of a future noxious air poll ti e:•�.at-s for the `� a county, The ca :-rent air �a y lity :already crom exist- ing -. .. fibh ent levels w suffers f is in r the arnbrrent atzrmasphere occasionally cexceeding state and feAeral standards .:._ Photochemical Bm6g a'nd tho. Automobile. t is estiinatec� that mos{ of 'the estrogen axicles AYia moat ✓ of the hv. droca,rbons released daily in Butte County come frO motor vehirlQs with internal cotnbtistian engines. Thus, the cre°anon of this inaTor sourco of photochemical smog" is very close to ,evervono. The daily outputs o` every 11rQQQ �) operating atitomob ales in an urian .communi 4y kitirdens tie air with 3.7 tors of carbon mono leer 400 to 800 pounds ,of organio vapots consisting predominantly of hydrocarbbhsr and ln� tb 30x1, pour is of nitx�)us oxides, plus small,er� a"mount"s of sulfur and ot��r chemicals'. The reduction of air .pollution from motor vehicles Will be fbuncl in the design of an emissions -free vehicle ur. the pr'o vision of a,lteena-H-vet .trolitltioh-fXee forms of trap"spor x tatioln. amounts of air cLintamibants ' r�e_,r�.oh control de -vices, but the engines must be ; due �o ems, emi ocontroX Advanta isplost well, Theeco8t �ofcIMI-ch 04�1' C�jtr, ntecontrol ctevides also, markka"d1y G ihCteasei tho total `costs tai the consumer, "controll"d" cars ,. r� r, burn more fuel.,, have less power,, arc' nPe(1 frPq�,ent� tend- ' ups. The electric, steams and gas tvirb re, cars are not yet ,practical for replacing, the inter�al r;oobust on engine. The low -density development that; has occurred. in Butte County makes the imp ementation•of mass transit extreme* unfea- sib?e. The number of stata.ans hpcessary-to conveniently serums the tduntY Would mare mass t"ransit �rer e,xpensl ve The options to prevent or reduce photochemical smog are lim 'tech and each ric clen with detractive points Butte County ' ha Lever, will have to decide so-on what costs they are will- c, ing'to pay in terms of health, transportation Convenience et cetera a Heavy lnciiist ky i1 Butte County there are feO—larc e petrochemical ► metal.. lurgical , or other such bcisic industries to it air p611u� tion. The many foods processitq in'cItistrirs are very Glean . with regard to photochemical Air pollution, Natural gas is used almost ,;exclusively_ for ifidustridl a ,cosmtorcial and resi- )ential'heatinq. Burning of45natural gas jgives off 1;ittle air pollution iA our community. 7\ircraft Butte County urban areas, also has air pollution from ex panclerl ntivato, Ini' litary and commercial air traffic. This problem, hoviever, is'"beinq cor,.xec#,ed by the industry: Jet c" aircraft artal" propeller driven aircraft, life the automobile, emit considerable carhop monoxide unburned hYdrocarbons and oxides of nitrogen; and although it is 'small relative to the �itomobile emission, this. problem must. be dobsidered as airc,(09t traffic increases. A rpt moult ure Air pollution from aq`ricultura"1 activities, particularly from the ` burning of ra co '9"�ijbble; either ficXd =OP waster and orchard trimmings is of considerable concern to the a le in Bu.ttO county . Great clouds of smo3.e rise from ; pep the :e arml.ands and spr"earl ovor the v.-illey and sometimes bv'er the cities Burning of mire stubble, orchard smuc'ging f has oil occasion even interfered with act�,vaties of.''thP news i Chico, A3.rport~ and occasionally cottribiites to the hate over tho Sacramento Valley duking the fall: The measures to control 46t P011-ition from, agricultural. tti+ante }; irn�.r g anti simud ring are npW largOIVset by tho state: This it a lbgical move i rl t"ha} a6rickiltute is valley-wide acid canYiot eas i ].v be iso's ai i5t bycotlnta r+ a the Stet t:'s ab j'octive is to e+rentuall.y el:a,minat:e all bu'rnirrc.1of — ''LJii`s=Lia r o u r) a , r agriculture waste. Thelong' rand-� plan is to fines,''econi 4 °„ 0 om c uses for the materials that a�e ;now burned. , The. im- J �{ * mediatc .,act or is to a3.1,�aw the °farmer to -burn wae, e�' cah 7i z the meteorological conditions are such that the smoke nui-- G r 8a1nce will be minimized. l..'� .8 I3 drolo _v u One of 'Lhe necessities of life is ierater. ''recipitatioin " ' Studios reveal to -us the relative airount of water that Falls on the various areas of Butte. County, leap 8 sho' s ;. the amount of tai ra fall ancreas Ps as `5 Corms titorr.e noz�th e s to erly towards the Sierras " In an xtfa f : y particular storm, the Earth absorbs some rai. and the remaining rainfa,11 runs off as storm draznageL� The rain that falls on rooftops, patios, s.idewdl'irs arIA PaveA streets runs„ off imme�liafelyt'\ This Wattx a8` it makes its. 11way first t� sma11 creek:r Alnrl then to; the:;river`;' t, is called ,surface water.. The water that ;sinks into";the soil , ani rock: crevices ; travels underground 'end " .s called subsurface water or greair)cl water. ' Th: s section describes surface- water' � su�SurfaGle watery and the l flood plains fort iiji Butte Cptinty. , Flood Plains3 Diirinq the history of man, flooding has not been a prob- lem where develc"y�ment of 'the land was either nota-eXist_- scatterp.cl- As, lan; ent or a is developed, the natural fes- tures are altered. to new purpq ;e withoat compensating for ohanges made to the landscape and natural drainage ways Unguided development cailtes increased c516odi,ng and flood damage and odcessitato� + kpanc ed preventativd measu=es Unless such development�a controlled:bv regulation of.,, flood Plain user direct protective measures must be in- stitut.ed. Flood plain regulations cortroll,ing the use of land to that: consistent with the flood 'hazard isivol°veci ' are intended as tools for 'red'ucing loss of life a,,r�d prop erty daTt&d :.,.arid can reduce the ultimate cost of,, Mood con- trr�L. Witfi°"'"butte County ,havi iq experienced z"W""I growth over the past ttvo decades and arit�:c3i�atirtg mox6 growth in the futtire, flood hazard i,s high in many areas. - beVelopment is the pride ingredient in increasing flood potentials whether cane oonsc'iausry or otherwise. The unavoidable increase in the impercriotis cover of land our - face throtigii the addition of rnof�, pati -080 sidewaliCs and asphaltpavinq substantially rcroases statin rwl-off,fort segtiently, there is At increased need `tc: counteract this Potential problom as devoib'P H7 tah'es placo r 0 _6 MAP 'S r r, � � r iJ Tl oil 1 1 r, r a jL. 5 r S 11 RAINPA;LL INT'�ISIT'Y i TQ EASED ON PERIOD �• Ir sK+a ! 1910-11 TO 1059-60 STi n c eal l 0l f �� 7 GIYY tr�r 71"�7jj E • JI \' ^ Putt Ia- ; _ l �w � wr � •.;, � � U�'. Q4��g� r . �:i �`.Y' � " f '� , iJ "74 JAN GAP i YT Lt,N1 '�`' ..i..•." r� .4� ACNYL "' yr,� • �`C'`Ar�~ 7t it RAM K Ll jY t 04.1 YC .... ►Hitt � b' �' GGS in r Mb e `+� wo�ii tavfi W M n 03 r�., t, ► �� )) hteg � � F l' y tJto km ei rrattt W '64i.�4 fe r COUOY dthdkil Pld Ct - t J , , � a Mage skioWs!� +? present and former8000 Plains Within the Countv'' U T'p`480 floor? plains are the natural flood pre- rn ;�, ventatr ves?' ,Sf.' discussed, ,� ,:• ' Frood Cr'—hrol,3 / >s acotsm m»ortah.tand cob�rsct�veaa` 1th�,,Ca'uritr.an waste won:'t y vinq�. i n acldit«a on to the inherent valUFs of food ;protoot7�on and Wat;or conseri- ,, vation► there is val a in correlIat:ir� a *atex coritro�' project ta,ith tho many other fac�:ts of urban de:velrpmcent M and for, the prc� eotir n of prime agrs cultura,,1 ,.1en0 . "the general goal, of any flciac1 control-prngxa�yp, t� 'to obtain the o»tmuM use of the coater resourr. (rho Coth�a'ty Whit e protecting life and Property A seconr-1 g1�a7 f`dr, anv f� clod a; control arogra�n shdulcl be to effect saving'' s n thy* opst, of flood ,control projects and othr"r PUJ)L�c LIH, .ity and i can ro " >'s. The 5avitu{ }�r"'reati�� �a�ci �by cl�ordlna private p £lo �d� hrtrc�l Prr►�Pots t'.y lzcl,� water gr)s �Ocl 610c-, ting - r`:is St 1'E' t prci� rar^t� rg and 'pavinc( all 3 f� trica1- 1� tal lafi•.�, land adO isition nri r3Ms . �'lze ilrc�cxlf,�a.ng; »r nci t�a:ot for any ro iseru 'tior in fl.rac3 control Rr"c�'grams should 1)6' to /,,, control. ani. corserVe: f3.c�od, st:orsl ams v�` ste i+ra �,rs a's ef- �r ficiemt3i'l arse practically, as it is to;ask�"A— to tri the bass c r'� ectivc��, of 'thc 'Plan. x'hc larges" stk �^s�il n 13utte „ County �`1 e'';star 0,c- • to 1,c-avy run-offs a.nc, a, n&'O' ee of, streams have ati W tonsl6orab l e fl oocl damage in,,the pas# . rectiv� flood control p-rojects hark been completes', in the p ?�avc, alleviate O they majolAity of tlne „ Ast t �;1 years G; 27irh floOdjhc , pa�oblem6 t~ee 1�sp l) . klo� ever; oche streams, 4f ' t;° i st.k� sect Ld" fl cioc�r r.g anr? tlyr threat e�f greater ' axes k ` 'e could become a reality as C clt�volopment ct�n� prP nt�e�r, c�aan along tK) gns; u'ia 0Lor H H �� <t • r k' ` w:. V1+ IN ..a r U P u L N A,, 1 , L Y tl Y t\1 1„ N H A 0 A IA t N A 6 G I'N� Vk L p 0 ov 1 A h L , SAN SHANko--V. o did n 3 e � j 1.1 ?. R FAO 5 A ^ 5 t Por fion eif Wiforhia Olvisian of Mihe5 and Gedkdgy Nkap k CALIFORNIA FLOOD �HAZARDS j A AS IJ�J T 7Q FL.f30Dl'\ �.,;, NI MAP. 10 �F err it Thl3 map $alba' from fhe �, J'. �fw,Esar�;�1--, �f • Ouffe County General Plan r' a ri cam, ' d , f r+ t ' f RAMC r mm i o.- �✓ t�5 sstt c rY J i r w� �r. _.1 ✓ ?d e' Pte/ ... Vr� yrs'. �� r p 4v r ►w aLln J o .0-•--'� NO 'a"a '� YZ ^•I� �f d. .r PULCA d� le Y j lia�jj J, 7 AA;*IL �A �a i'j y P 1r01t5� i r �r co ,i y'J'r .d .BAN ii�p Vis, a , y f '� 9ftUSN G C,L1 �� �� •1 ` M4'� bu�,xiM+ ...,.....,,y - �, ti�1,REEi� W . eERNY Ctt�1fK ��'� 'r �r�'4 1 i , rid "• r�:r ;, fEATN�t�,is�..�' Wit. � 1�yA?YL` St1N " '.� �`tly I��•.,,��,4 �r�.� ch• �'te �r-, _f`: 0- ° n FORbCSr[irN PER NICD§ �. k G �, , J r.•�, f-�'„� � bualET011 �, kY.$A:Dv114$ i �YA1+obtrE iltita5 50hnCt Tfi `.) A RM6 J i}A,nOALICN � `, $ ee r %�� L►i2.nA RWt MEAS b1N0 5 - kl P BUl BIOS* s ,mkt ,pI i t ,1 • Y' i ,.".: H� wwV - .��'p ""k 1'• A 9011 Al EA. t a 1I'JI O 0 should; al ao be explained that;; some flooding or high level of water surface in streams occurs when one strbam or river joins another and one Is carrying" greater amounts of water than, the other. The water in the smaller stream t-hdn 'backs, tin(backwater) and the Secondary floodplaihs f are da-tec? „ r ]Goca1 flooding along the various wa M courses In 13,utt o >� �^©unty historically has presented, problems . ° With same , f exp ei�tians in tike .relatively steep terrain of the footw hills: the "hatural channels have frequently overflowred:., / ;• earl�e'_wears this local flooding largely :,aff+ecsted sparsely ;inhabited ac� �iqulttral1ax�c' Howev6r, some 6 this ;�loo'cl ! f land has bee'yIdeveloped for ,residen#ial and commercial visage, greati�v inc easiri'g the aterttial arA\ actual damage caused by this local flooding" Phe r-ea-th.er `River,large/natural wta, grcourse, generally divides =butte CoLtnty ir�ta �:wta areas, tRe east' ateao antj the I rest area. The sacrament/, diver foamsja. iaortion of the westerl • boundary of th �'f,unt •, and ttie; lower Sutra Nb y ,'` , vada mountains foram the eastj,erly boundaiy. The general pat.- t tern of drainage ai gradlert'_ is from nor,`heast to souther, West. pri:o to the constru��,tion, of tho levees along the Feather 'ort ofvarious dams ` ° and gacram R rito r]._ •_ ost-rur:ti`, ' and resel'vazrs,the a�d� alongthese ,rivers were,' subject to extensive ',f looclang. As rincertl.y as1 c)50, the Feather River overf16vae6extensive; areas in tutt:e County. These, areas along th Feather and Sacramento IiiVers arepartially tem of malti 1e purpose reservoirs that red,ice the flood protected fr�tn :f�,Lpooc�s.ng bu a system of levc��;s aril b :' a .s s- I, crest ,M egual;ing the run"off_ flow, in the easterl Portions of the County , hate rea The terrain Y p „ sonabl,y well--rlefinled watercourses and steep gradionts 'rh&.. westerly portion of the County on the 'other hand, is gene erall,y comprised of lands tvrical of the vail oy floor with r iethl entleterrainaho radiehtstlythefinadi sbtthetlynnortion ofetheuCounty a 1 r A 'rses W'i, gentle g i I t6n8i8ts of leveed land lined With dtai.rage aril irrigatioan ,�r canals and. separated by sloughs Mosttaaterwav7 cli.achaxying flood watFrs ,into the Ft-ather Rivet are normally affoci-eO by bacIo7Ater ,during peri o,4 of high releases from oroiri.11e take. ,�t HopcGreeff is affected by such rroleaae�,- to the prim that an appeeciAble aroa ALS.s ' intxnda tee . �� That:;preq, taitatlot VII ff, or,, is riot• lost 41 through evaporation and trans pi.ration, travels boinoath the surface- as subsurface water. .This portion of talus h,' ro- logi.c cycle is the resoxvoir a:.. life -supporting, WA-�O,r for plant life «' TheOpat, -xn of movemert of .a drop of ter, trod t.h6. time it 'enter:'th+ grcaunr to the t;am€� P emerges either naturally or b_V pumping from a tqellt is controlled by the sursurface conditions .endoxmtered * Upon entering Uio :grotin:d r water moves dv/,-naar0 uhtll t, reaches a zona of saturation. This r) happens whenever water from pre ci , its tio,n p strFam fl.olw applied lxrigati on r �. rid -�6? ' of the various other. water O;ources r sinlc,s into the-9razttic? t rcatxgh`�tho open paoos` in ' ►Mrm able materials. 'fkte s:ire of these open sr�aces Vii,gr,0 ftom mi.rt�t+s poresi'n: cl:ays tro intocgr Millar opeiiinq f"'n 6, s is of iaind and gravel r and open' 'c:revIces alon'q bedroolc fvaotdtiros . The area over,wbi.rh this is accompli,41,100 is cal Zed kotharge area. These areas may be found on moiIntains; alan,g foot- J tran'slopes, ancl on ,lV$ atcara..scall!�r �n���` geol,ocric 3'tardt�tin that „ �1 aiti fir. r�utte runty r � impoitar t recharge areas otont in some locations along raver channel. rte -posits Aho re tho-y cross exposures of water -trans'•- 'mitting ;rock:q (anus fet) . Herr the ch,aa7nel,. c`teposats are very' or rapid infiltration"of wa4:or dawn to theblqM11ter-heaarinct materials (those t4'hick aMsorbr trans=- mit, and � ,a e1 c� groom e Wa+-or of gooca quality to wells) . Water. flotys over these �recha, ��e. ar k�r cas during the entirc�w_,'par.4 This off ar cls a c intintial frroplenishment to ttie gr�aunc water bac�y Giotihd water zones of of acluifers r are located r, at Various rienths frcmN groiw surface to over 1606 feet bel.ot-rg rpu!iO surface. ;,,The diffeiert acTuilers are to cater in variotls qt-olog c ..ormations,,. Aquifers differ Widely in the amount of Water yielA, total dissolved Solids, and degree of rFch��rge. In, addition to river channel recharger ;.shial',2 amounts of re— charge to sUbst iface Ovate' t occurs 4-hi6Lghout butte County`. �< u �nthe east -Aoditanapob�ug�a��ii central parso�ttxeGonty Priz�e-ialrecharge areas are lbdat& where watot-boaring formatgens surface � in easte,rh' portions of Bttto County and higher i.tito foothill areas . Thermal.itci Akb6,'rbay has "proven. to be a recharq_p area and ,has effecter! the cater table in western butte County. Wier 4tialXO With respect, t the crual ter of its surface wa+,Ots r Butte l( Cot1hty is fortunate an that all of l is major, vaate:rways r enter the County L.r a relat ivoly pristino cctwi ttyi.nn. Thp Sacra - Mento River, can be, c6tsl,c drec`I to, b,-< of g�60 etl1 i-ityy► although it carries a dm)si derable agri.ccilt4lral vtp to ls The first major man --caused a-ffect to be felt by the araaO rivers came with the advent. 6f hydraulic mining. in this'gold ' 1 fields of the Mother Line. Once, clear -running stream$. rand rivers were turner§ int6 turbidr silt laden courses carry - ng millions of tons of sand, and silt. Although stopped by legislative action, tide effects are still much in evi-, dance today* it wasn't':;-;unt :I the lest decade that the rate k of thanPtheLrate of remova�tion of ts .�.n �r.e San Pablo Ea'} became less As the population of Butte rLotinty grew, the problems o£ dispostnc of its domestic wastes became more acute. The primary concern in the �arlLv days of water c4 : a§.ity control of disease trans iss pn via sowage,. Was the prever!tign ceps for the Cities of C'hicd andOrovi,l.§.e,. most dispot;al , Was by means of subsurface. leaching zie§,tls, a practice which" in many areas was wholly inade.atate clue to unsatisfactory soil conditions and ground water levels. The principal discharges i_n�to the rivers at the present time are indus- try and publlp` agencies. (For a list :of discharc(ers y :gee Table 10 Water, 'PoUutibri d water duality is influenced by natural factors ani$ by the activities of people 1'�L�er has many unusual proPe�rties , it a loj a occurs of earth n three d 8tintt forms at the same time- solid iau� d, cw Abd gas tater quality changes as it moves through the water Cycle. Natural processe`0 contr btitk nq'"tlissolved` -and sts' ended ma- terials to wager are virtually beyond man's contrrl. The` release o'al., ate municipal' wastes �4,R,I ♦. to streams and underground 'Vier are activities of man, ' and to varying degrobs conttbllable. The word "pollution"' Is commonly used when these actvities of man arc of such a natiire as to degrade tho i atural quality oE the water. qf' Go o, no.t.. only multipli6s demand ells�� Economic and populata.on � � to raterials for water; it sbhultaneousl� voltime of was r, reach ng water Courses pec � a i )nq .sof witwer ctua§,i'tv kh to - some extent inherent .in usP. T&: trartsportata.i.©n o£ wastes //from home, factory, or farm may be a bcno£ici,ai ase of water !�� but at ties man offends nattire whon such. vaste disposal �' ' %I practices are abused. Vrolllt-Ps„ arise with such Abuses And 1' u, controls become nei essay r ' tr t?ie benefit of the commi`thlty as a wihol.e. Butte 'nt'i has many outstyanding Waterways Which s.pxite assources of abm , t,t:,ic and for recreation and fi shC�i-3 e tree ftYap lli several of these waterways are under t MSP 1, f'ti 1 • 7 S2 r �r r ,.�,''" k .,.•...® 1'�'r` �.. ;� (1 1 y �P �',� V x d � W`.r�4 F Y 1 '.! �tat;.1'«'^.,J F f.._�„✓�,+�,�#r �1. t r , �q o I , + n� ii r •�r, -..�w t aY � •, ka. -`3 , r rte, • .» r \ ;7 {ir .. it r (h ,�� , �� � ♦ � �r�''� �� d il,Yr+'�+, ya �y�yyJ-it �rt 'i'�NP71iy d „}Jl �a r�P t UJ rw tar r � 14 t p4�..�. It � (A Portfon of Califca nld Oii oizl 3 of Mutes and Gdology Mop) F w,�t ay,r,�. •. .1F Y M A ;., 'A,iQR � RlINOR L ��S �':-�`������ WAT M I I 4 4 s - L,7 f ,. cons ideratil6 by the state' Department of Water Resources _ f> for inclusion in the Protected Waterways Act which is an adjunct to'the .Wild, Rivers Act enacteO by, Congress. The State Water Resou,Y es Control Board has established requ- lations for waterb-`quality pursuant to the authott":,y vested:.: in it by Se 185 and. 13676 of the Water Code in Title 2.1 in the California AcIftnistrative Coda, The .Board charged with settinq sta,ndarcls anti enforcing the regulations 6f5 n ..x the state Water Resources Control Board 'is the Central iral-- " ley Regional Mater. Quality Control. Board which sets stan-- I 0dards for the cl,ischarge Of human,,-and industrial effluent 4: into the waterways of-the County and , establish .6 standards, for sewage trea'cment fa4ilities and their operation. 4ater Quality Control 13asy,ns 'are depicted on Map 12 Before 1940;'mater quality enforcement 'was essent3;ally a a Local function M)O ofter as hot- did riot e Gist, 'except where direct' effects ,on recogni;zeB beneficial uses, essentially domestic water' ,supplyj coule be deitonstrateO.f in 19491 " in responsi to the "Report to the �+ssemh.ly 111 Brim Fact- act-l,inding r, 4 ndincjCommittee on Water Pollution" (0ickey"Report) . the California Legislature passed the Water Pollm lon Control Act which set up a state Water 'Pollution Control Boarc, and nine regional. boards: The main furicti6r+ of these boards was to cooreinate the programs of th'e various state and local agencies having direct concern with water pollution, The Act. was substantially changed in ;10 5 n r addeo,'-`tea in 1965# and in 10(:�, was rewritten anri-,became known a5 the Porter-- Cologne eater Quality Control. Actin which greatly strength- ere6 the enforcement capabilities of the State and regional. boards. The Regional Wa"ter.QUAlity Control Boatdt;o (Butte County lives within the Central galley Region) are primarily charged with: (1) formulating comprehensive water quality control plans for tt ,olr:,respecti`Ve regions, ('')' establish- irig waste discharge rec{uirements for all discharges or pro- �} poo-ed discharges of waste into the waters of the region; and (1) enforc,,:.ng such requirements as thr:',N► have set. Over the, years the philosophy behind water quaff 3.ty aonr ~" trol. has changed drastically. As preViougly `Mentioned. „th6 initial coh`trols were to safeguard the public health mainly in ;regard to Vater, supplies. In, the 150 Is othor . beneficial uses of.'4ater begiin to gain recognition. Pro- tedtion of actttatic ''Life a - iihet'ics r recreational 'itso, it" tigati',on, and others are noy rati,rl nearly on par With pub ,. lid health reOMjrdtent;s . With timer Wates: quali. ,Y concerns havee become mare soph"isticatk. zvj exempl.iflOd by 'rprtuire-- effects o d s and the orients averning the+ i.hermal. ,.sc arae dischar _of b .osHL'riul ants or, niatrior:ts g.e r The reat:hor River has bFen the stibject of many st'titi i o ancl'' y C. ' # #Y MAP 112 .r ♦ Ir ' :BASIN 'PLANNINO AREA'S Nj? k k x v 6 U r . n ...w♦ 1 If #x"wY L G� p f , f 1 , 1 � w a� a `� " N�t���p a �r�Q�M►.n�y (� a: uh ria l r't wM.✓ r 6 SAA � ISCO to 1. rl l.1 to 4 A—$�k A, CLARA RIVER, Lnt C 1. 4 S LQS ANoizLl:S �diVE�i r!r a f x A.: ` �y 5 tA] �- Sf��CRyApP�t4rECt yyi,63 F iviz�� Eiji Y,k1/� 1'p� q� � rj `i S—�•: AC1A+?+'.TIk NTIO—.W.N VV4'OV�{dN V, LTA, l� it wl , Y r Y b•` �Yl .. r'l 4 ''I ULAM LAKE. 1 , 6 A NORTIi LA�NT 4 t 0+4 l�t w'{ x'�'.♦i♦.�,� �'�, � y r, � t' � "51 • �k.." .,, k : « 6 ';S�yCXttTH y�jL�A�hY�r(ATryAN �/}� CJ A — W— 88T 'I..dLOR 'ADO RI W GR Ir 714—LAST 'COLORADO RIVER t ,,, I .♦ �6 — MNT& MA RIVCR (/ .. ♦ (se N.8 aw s� st"� Y.,# s.rr 'e r` :7 k\y♦Y Yl,1,., k - `, y. c 'M r A .�Y e � r. 1 ��. ?«xMa �bCI 'F+�... tli. Y!""}w �.'.'��Y.,- a ,� J +I G♦y '':�1 :/• 1. M. Il u. Yi 11 _ VJ 1 ♦ wN ,1♦ � +" 111-4. 't 50 •III CI t q w c u u (. A,ai C 1 1 � « " 1, Yak,;♦ hTY,I� a _" I , r k �j �� ��', ♦ `♦I 1, c: WAT89 BA IN LOCATION MA r, INTERIM 11Qt, M QUAUTY CONTROL PLAN OALI FORNI R ZONAL 1, WAT8R OUAL.ITY CONtPOL WD �,C 1971 11 IY _ I , arW. '• Ittd .. tir,,._ ,- ._ ._ .. _... _. .... ... ;_ 1t a` �- 41 „ Y t) fl wthe ae have gcrerally 'cmdude? that thr c{tral i ty” of, 'is .. 01 water is excellent, even, "though sevaqto, trea-merits p3.antsO; are °cnr,rertlu Oischarclihq ,thea:r e„f flitont t��tithe rtver This is mAin'ly 'because, of the Initial condition sof ,the � water as "it enters the county `and f logs made possJ ble• by ,0rov-,*L 11 e. nam. 0n � 16 Current;, i•raste' `wa4 er :manarPment, Manning �q�it,`�.�, � i1G ounuy callsfor,; re-m. kj,=l of all createri t"ra5,te water 61, ,. a to the Feath'er Fiver "at the ea.rlties t pxac:t t.,4b1 e bine °,It is-felt then that if - current pXAbs atedarn. d ,,'tlhrough , Ob if guarahtei cd minimum flovts --are ma; ntainec:.,' `Ab`,(1 if ebtdb'-, 3 , 4 1ishp& •za'�iser c?ua ity objectives':are met,,the FPat�irr Riv a tvi l l remaa ri a vi' b1 e bole, of wa;t`r prcwid nc� 'lla ' Ada itrm" of ij bene"ficial 'uses for generations to '„ " s, Butte Creek 2 J!aiomjh essential iv an intermittent r,�xeam withi ri Butte, (iguntY,° Butte Creek possesses„ the, potential of b�+corinc{ the ce�nt�a-a poi,rYt of a rima jor re cr abional. tbsourue . carried ,out,,, proppsed upstrear+ dd•�-Ibpment wotjlc, provide' for year round f toWt in' the ').� caa.�amento River r` The Sacratre to 'Rig er :;is,l the largest `orf 'the (°auntX 0 S wa� ter-� J ways its be'ne,ficial. uses are min, anti' its wat or-c sap_ port several, major fisher ,cs . 7t,: is also the eveaitual rt" cipent sof .neariv a1ll the `ivas't;la,ien waters of �,he�' Co w��13 Misceliane�aus M rot Tributaries X I� „Of concern beca.t se they., £,?ffect the quali,t-y of receiving 'eaters sand bocatise they proviob ��tuc?� en7'ayirient to peor+l.e ) �� o, are nr urate erouyli tb 11"ve along them, Ate the small streams ahO sloughs that moanOot th'rouah Butte County {f tiis�rx`icall many of ,these st4c'a�r'S were intermit�entP serving only to ca.rr+t surface run-off from their resrective water-• 3> sheOs . At d:iscusserl urbanization has had ma`iiy 1previoti!,3"ly a ff�ec{:s ' on these water oottrses : The covetin q` of natural F ,,: liminates soil absorp- soil +Vtl th patteznent incl structures eliminates. tioll of storm wafer esultinq;+. 'in greatly 3 norr�a+�od a�nbiin�s o£ siir -act wa�ar t�o be Oisposec-. Sipco many st'rttct��'res �} laced nai:ural flood plains °or theme flood,i I(Ainp )re p..n 9 t�, • to tho ir,-rea.�e°c' f ebb h to accc.n+moc�aala re the creek �ws', itR became coinmo�a tc� chann� ds �arid ' ;practice 7 ih soind case's Atter t �m�u,.3 til concl-rete V the f n-c-tion" of - t'hose , creep s "it to carzY sUtrar,±e �Vft-bff 4" 'G�nfortunatrl�+ +tltev ,alSh IcCI].lect a*r cc�rtamihant"s id ked s ,. _- ttp 'bar rain c1; tl�iots, street wash whit.~ contains. oil 'end L tlr r E , 0 \ ,r ,7 Q L Via. I. ". • h A �To.latiles, pesfi. �ic p 'anis fer ilizers ,whi c> 1 �> Plants as pr,imary Produpers 'ft!rni,z i energy upon which all "higher` organisms are dspendo.nt. Plants prov;icle' food, t)Ac_%' .- ter and. ;mxcroclimates whim are nece srMry for the ma jI-Lo- nance of the various types of animal rare or endn Bred plants for Butte CI84nt y , is included as Tab 10 5 ln..s zcceedin pages, , ` ' and. anima:: ;_v�emmunities 1 cJ P 9 e main plant ,. Eound�� in the county are briefly discussed.. It is hoped, that ,this ri��a§entation will lead to increased aWdro ness of the county environment, app.reciat 0 of� its in resources thereby helping in rta ting „bet_ ter decisions re- . p , _ gardin ;and use. Ma 13 der�c�.s x;�' ldlifr, harita-�. a�ceas g p f in butte Couzzty a ` Oax: Woodland and Evergreen Forel --",Habitat r �......... -- { -The oak ;woodland .-and evergreen .fore'st c�ommu�is.ty �occ'i rs iri fthe`�foothills and mountains lin�.ng the eastern side of the 0,:c0 ounty. It upis a composite o3 riense growths of trees and ; sh Os and open grassland with -scattered tr�ers.C)- Plant doom- a.na'Are tevera'I spr,,bierof Oaf; and f at high or e'lev'ations j ' ` torest � pine ahs evergreen c Once ,:mush more extensiV6' , the „wgkpp 6.1, is have been re`c used by cutting ion timber and to ,increase range lanct. The az� n of ca,.tle am sh en e�.fectivel, rnv n � v:rP re" esta3 e gyy � ofthe ooOla �sr Aighmttt I t La J � t P1 .nts' making up tbi.s corornuni�ky must bc,,a le tto t,dt;h`stah"', summer `d.rotightl cohditions . among they �i&ptations cvolve to consgrve water are, ttMe thick, Leathery .leaves character- „" x�ixtg many of the inti: gnous plhnts . Within the foothill c' 3. are oxtenzivo areas of d%sturbed in Orerlginq ar�c�,"�i��rai i�r for go` d., Th�s� area ar,, of, some sciert_ific interest, becatlse CN, suCC.,�ssS.on of }plant life now retttrn-nu to the areas bffeirs the oppor- , w}. tunl,tV for the �tui v of set' ial communit'i"os. A great, mazy of Cll bi,; 1s of� re ne at•, in this area . 'Major la"nt and :1 a anxtral s`ecies found �.n���EMs r;ormnunit are listed in table : ., 1-A .Appencli.� Ay } ;ate^ l an...-.. £......11" b i ,J / , � �c�aY'OyCa '�t�lbthi�.a trr�c�t�lan�� is the g�.�ass�.a�rit� CbINn1.lI1`" y a.iC�c riv, by lows . �unclu avian topography and a sparsity of trAes `"'rhe grassla�O stIrrdunrys' the �i�chor` alluvial plaing . o jl acolpt to major ��atorcources � �l .. U brigihal.l,t o8oO of poxenni l bun,h q,rasct ani herbaconus plant' the c6immini,fv, , is annual grasses (J r� of z0ed.itorrahe6n ori -11h. .;Vhe, native gr$dd ,og were l.obt bei" QI ;. ceuso 61 thodr inabili+-v to r+s thou nt iitebgive qra7 ng by .t aj)1nd Ishoepr 7" CY Rare" n�ian4er�6c! slant's" , �e> '.Butte Cctin*^i ' vreS.ervecl- Ari Lancls o some agenoy ra Balsatrorhiza n macJrolepi_� Sha ./ r Cdlycac�en',2a rerti�n$i i Grays ~ ` *Eri oPhvll'un " lanatum (Pursh) Foxbes . „ l vaE r .crcoeum (CjreenO jots. r) i *Cor✓AzdIs caseana Grafi „ r I OJCcuttid grceno�,. t1a�%'bv o �; astragalus, paup�,rmilus 'Gi6ene tip„ }. Fri'anA3ria plut\�� lora Torr. in / tenth *Fritril .aria, nhaeanthera fEastwr. }' Flibiscus callfornicur Y.ell.., 8idalcea rol)us_:a 116=1'ler ex 2`,;push. / I ', lPolygortum bidt�� lla.ae Wats 7� ,. it - t ; ibution is based on Jdii thj heu rbar m tecotels 1c�a`ptzad trom a li-5� proWi,c ba b1 the '0411por'ni.a MativQ PT"Ant�SCociety r. `" r' o ti "Of f Y \ tr i M AP 13 - LZ —1 LEt^? . c5,. \ �i . q ,,✓ M ! r Lig t 4 �1 Thi rMap #olaelo f �.. Sin th,t `a t�U'F4�"CouJ fy,64'nerpi P, an �t KlMC SrIM.I- I! YYY UTI. , j� r r RHS a ,J1,60", /PULOA p sl a x � . • ✓ . 1 W JA a 1 *F f 'Pill CJtcK °a R 1 i RH '"TT , . r ion «NEh (, '" ZN�r j ✓ J RHe tflLlt �, .......:�. �:. ,. ,. OWN. 11 ti hl� i LEGEND , KM T YLR An ttlh"' O> rmar_ Iti Tt► u►Nrc FOR iwt , _ 7 W6 f. �Y 60tbdr OLLR a ar,•tsw w. � M •x /�. p�y-�stasG++AL i.w►R9w NAt:[ktoul �_ � � � �, . n � i � aERY$IrEl�t Y4iYlNxbA�LFl6tR. ,- e1n, sko SN�M�i �u�i�Ls, rlllgmrIt a _� s! i s t1yi _ a„ , n fh' (1 S? (r o Within this community are 'to be found impressive displays of wilcq flowr:rs partioul,arl.v' in wdt/ :}�ax.ings . Local: hab- itats ab - , .w t it;ats c'reateO by surrace iW-pressi.ors t hich holrq ralmlater, anO ea't1V summer are known as vernal pools: They are eof.�consider•alale sciontific` i,n.terest;..,, as a progre siot.` of dant 10 e may br ohsprved at ,>tl�r- per- 10 as the w ter evat'5uxat:es. n •-_- .:..,/r ' U, r,�h�t e thee` bor&pr wo6r,LAnr4 anei riparaarkcomuni�l(ISgrass lanis Oxtens ve forage area ne for °ltra.lr'����'�fr. ti Plant > ,, and of the county's cssl\ara community are. t r. ,.w listed in "ttC �hl.c� ......,f. , �..,,. l' Within Butte Countl► ► ���''chis, gen'e�ral: hak�i'��at- s fc�tan� � in va�+'�' ling fotrq,. Thi1ra ar¢ rbl.atively soift i shal.l:'e�► rave :s, potrer r ee}� ma t�r. rive s, large"�rt� ,'a�cia,l la%os; slow n, C3 Ertl ► _ ' j. coring slough-, r SF16,1,1 creelrs ; ponds a and , m�r.5h�"s . rhys a cal ° ,, ,. •' „ d,!08c_t14iohS of thcs may be found �.n the season on h rclrolc q ► Ttie vertob rate orcan,a snls b /Iw' aOarted to tha.s e �, � . nv�.aonmePt ar<; the `fillies . The' varie4jy)~ of aouati.c habl.tats }�►': `'h r C'thc - ;;. �) . reciees of th fs,„class r sor=e county `�suppo , ;"a lame ntttmbc of of. wha.ch arel' , _ roat economic, imp'`' rtance to. cflmmeztial fish-' ,>> eri_ea_, o;:,t� hlv al oportun- ethers �urovirl �g pr"iecl recreational `� ; Not ssessa nc� ma 's ac�an�aba l.t. ►, most or anisms a pendent on the' a"vai l 1b + l j:tj► o cc�rta a n �ec4. tic environmental cos clition , - to survive` as a po�r'tl at ic�r� j and 'fish are no eat... wept°ion tlan is arta vita.es o t° n r?jsropt the occurrence b£ �� these cozzr�itions r resultingi�n loss or refit d, loh of popu- j Some of these 1 srt4 to o`ns may be far '-removed from , 4 lay ons . g c,3 ,. Tli+�e "�z L a iven or an3.sm, oacitrr r -'ar r7o��tn a is fo21 od chaa r� «, food chains are okten ,so l bliq and hat interferences `' �' �... . g \ � are' not observer'. unta.l mtri foster at, the final �te� .ov . the =� Other cis p be gross and PtOdictal l c.ia�n.�,� sru t�.on_: ►;ta the , destruction n , saimpn 8patern�.ng gravels or the introduction o£ toxic substances td a rraterc,ray tr ( 1?robab y the best knovm bony of water ill the CbUhty is the Sacramento. nave i It serves as an rmport�tt5t rUgratoxy route i for large numbers of anZcirbrnous fa:§hesinca � the nsti.ve salmons,, stoelhoaad,., 'and btt1:egeoh r ati the iritrod'ticis'r striped' s W c �� ' ' bds�•. incl shad.. In ac�cla,t;`a.on r�esxc�et�t poPul.ata.ons ,of ca•t�ish and large�3'�outh bass, to name bpi �,� a fd� ► occur. t'he,,P6at, er River it;e s ,as a snit zY i�q stroaH for salmon but ncl :tfiA r4l 1, ► While many s itrrr in the xi'�er `s ��.. `•t gravbi§r mos4 are at tho hatchery bd1tpw C�`xovi'll e Bad Many t�thore fa,thes are Pbrmarierit 'or tOrtlPdrary inhabitants 0� thr rl V(t V 17 i> , „ c 'l 4roville, L kF ronta31_n populations` ions of vrarm ater, as. large-mouth bass anO sur fishes' and . colelwatcr spec310 ' trout! nd Im artdO isalmon. Th`e`"sloughs pro�ta e h, hit,at' far manN"I' mwatF r fishes anc also serve .as 'nu�sory -areas +,for many juvenij:o- mir�ratozy ;a sR,ec es .. �,• The ',smaller creel-,s oft: the 'county sometimes contain warm', s edios of game "fish;, but th-i fish population is main'Lyr'(/ ' nnaiia up of members of .the m#row A* 0f h Marshes. in the county are prbsently £e st in riumh r anc srn ,I i.. I,,n size,. They are itttportant in pibvioi fbos1 and re fug�a G o NJ for dmY ► gee s� , and man r shore. b rc�S a Tines r cattai is b r ,ancl ,,,rushes of" tis habitat also provi0e nesting grounds for man °smaller species of shore birds Plant and aniiiia, snec;ios, ounC : �! n th.e Cotint y y s aguati c habitat+ are found i n' table 3y A A p,endix A . , Ribmi.�,ian Paha.tat �> The ;jj c),til an C`ommxini+Y is composed ofg�lant�,t,t, anc3 an mals 0 ' :.� occu�`rin�� along peitancnt and i,nte 7rittent w►�� 'Fr gays - The i ay up to s eve C9 vegeta;` ran is usually dust? �tnr,?"e „ corrin oral htx�tjreri _yards wide . The, , !hts maX:xng up the cbmmu►- ity all share the jc�br►mon• neq it-er suM Y a?�ailak�le �.�: thiA ;,,env;rbnrient'•.-'rw a .� '� ID Vegetation takes t the I' "toren of k�roa01baf Vbodl.ands doin natbd k�l cottonwood ann�� vaI1`Iey oak,Cx Ith_ic}�pts`� o shru�o'ssuch berry anti black rose. 1ti" ma 1hy areas; 'ip6rian vege- tation is the anly`�mminOer of the natural sbtt.v q of the µ�. land in pristine t�r� s Tlie riparian habitat along the Feather ° F, K . g , : i � o the Val- 6Y11 rovides a corx�� dor dor deer trt�. ratit�n �.n , jf6y. Also, riparian ) �:cas �al,cnq other sire&ms may provide- animal h Brat i, 6h routen', r Vaitixs-, t!tis bonmttn ty are hIlgh Pipatlah habitat-, provides protection aftO tieqit~inrl sites for%a .» greater varyety of wild life than ahi, Other type. `fit incr6.ases tnc� product�ivuity o£ the" at•ex` b proviclinc� shade: stealtt+r► and htiitrients Ad- d,it'i,onalIv, the reliof provi a"'ec? by tho dehse v6getation adds mntehsely to enjoyment; o.f 'uhv 'wa-Ebnfay by hi lots s boater 'h 's ct�mr �zraity is threat-c�neri�o�`� sot►oral £rants. I?'heY cons tru- ot ol') Of fat- ' net ra.?ih+. txp'' to stream �,... ct�a» aoj:fi; e].ima nates runoff thrm.idh lowers' afi�x`ea ►'s�cue � atror iml-les, , ,..h 1.14,, ,• r - , t: 1 Y w I) r .,�} t >, Flraac� contzal`�pract .ccs such;_, as rinra .in o£ levet-S a 'd " (1 channelization ,c :f strpams'-'result in tip�� ph'vsi6aj regn& of vegetation am4, prp" (,, t> lateral, percalauc)n of Vatet intoe „ Adjacent soil.T,evee placement ! h' hr' closer ;parallels the strpattt `channel great3y f'reclue�es ,:ne amount of ve-etaticth and increases th nPPcl `Mar/r�levee strip din'. C'ri�atiat;iort„, grdcltly incxcaso's surfaGc YUnn arirl a t� »} ,� r results in Chang ^ng an anterrnittent ;st ream J rlt rL fi'_IE KS1ich fio4ia' year rota” c7. �nem�e' vegetat; on which has p xaFtca , to sumt;terxough .curl" b',: dti ons inai nc)t survive t'��'chan e. Plant arid: anifial ;spe cies: commonly `rQun;� it r� parian cammunf'ties in ;Butte C'i tit r are li5tecl .n t aOle, 3,,71 I penrlix A a. 1 �f Butte ° County, ha: t3,70 or 'thtdei- area"s` 3,Pa' bi.ted' by the �sl cl y: Edqibo There as'e two areas along thr Sacramento ?�iv,sr }fat have todke` i6s, Inhabitod by trhe Abe,rican' Comfiasf �.gret anc`t, t f �-,the Great Blue ll ron„ :fin 'addit ott to thasa specif a`areas *he riparian hab;i at is o:f prYme concern e T,he private lar�cl�- `t ��wriers alone tll ` .Sarramerito River are ieplacinq 'mur ii Of " the riparian arian habitat with drops. " The associatecl 't�i�:'�1'i�'e .r>tr f., i. bei°n+ confine c? to° ihcreasa.r qlY sinallcr areas and efforts' should be made to Preserve it as much as pbs,i)-e i7 4 �= `, A ricttl;tural ITabtat ' „ riot ori' the sane species Vh3.ch exist, in g asslanc habica-e F also, est; s in agricultural,':; habitat. Numbers of% hti a ape 1 cite are usually re8udtcl acid rept6,�Jui;tless oft'!n or not at all. ,pules which are ,resident `or repr;oft",ec7 in Agri -- ct+ltuz;al habitats usually occupy the petipher r of cultivated fields . ; Current "Clean-farming° p'iae'tices are` 'fi.lrther 're- uhea5ants� hha;� tat.. -� Certain .s e. es of anima) s" s`ti=h as g �` p • ' p O jac.^rab'blt8 inch:ease in 'numbers w' thr3.rcreases; food aria` sh'elter orf'eA'.,d by 'gricu total ha itat<s.`' / . „ The urban environment ���c�vides a limited material i1;3 air :at for sot5ghirc�s and roc iMnts Ro(?etts IW* re adapted to Tv';%ng with marl ah&,)Itcrreaso� 1h larcje numbers with. food and il.he' .- ter �rovl0ec by maty . the twt pear ' ihtroduCej t�ko sob8ids u lack rat and Vorway rat, Which slid nod pre-� o rocierit, the b t, lst in Ca1iforniati , �iious v°ox Maps 14, 15 an(? l cle,pict dkit4ical habitat areas , rlesig natee wilcler'nPsa type areas and areas inhabited }a Yo e or entrImt" ores r.f�.5h aria wi ..�lifr. � ' g sheelation�t�r cif tYe Butte 'County , Twgibn a s' 'tle�xri'�d on each -map. v „ t .Ys1MW41Yl•nu.._.,r ,r .., .. 4.... ,._ ��_.... 4. �', . i, .. ... - ., ,r sl ..,.. ., .,. ., - �. ....... .t;%" r , AR ' i 4 4 Q a r S H A I T A' 'ice HIiNBOLOT o , L T A L1 - E I'' l r A I--� 1 EXISTING WILDERNESSES, WILD RfVLl ER Akvi� PRIMITIVE AREAS �,.. , Note. This Le `'enc! covers enfire Stats �- I MARBLE, M�UNTAW WILDERNESS 0` E0� a U t t 2 1 AVA BE'CYS NATIONAL'NIONUMENT o . ,+3 SOUTH rWAPNER YYILDERNES$ 4 SALIA -'TRINITY ALPS AIMITIVE Af E H .,. f t , "'� c 5 THOUSAND LAKES WILDERNE5s`ter"' �'' 6 RSSEN VOLCANIC NATIONAL PA�iK'I n t'D L110 T CA3ISgU WILDERNESS, L A R 8 MIDDLE E6L YOLLd BOLLY WILDEANEss:o .i � 1 � Viz' E r �uiTE0. 3, MIDEiLE r"QAK ESATHER. AIVE � NILri RIVER R � 40 bilSOLATiCN VALLCY 'P:RIMITIV.7 ARE 1T ,M(FFK MRIC WI -DERNESS ✓' Q:r ,� ,� utdlG ANT BASIN PRIMITIVE 1dREA •\ �` 1., EL tlo tiiDO I 4'3 HOOVER WILDERNESS J YL.L 14 YOSEMITE NATIOWA 'PARK* T5 `wI�:ARETS WILDERNESS j dY 0 a A\ r 16 JOHN MUIR WILDERNESS 11 XINGS CANYON 98: HfGH ITIAREA SIERRA PRiMITV L PARk A 0 MCRA`KENTa' `,. ��►I'�a" `'` i4 PiNNACLtt NATIONAL, pONUP NT's. ;C, 20 VEN'TANA PRIMITIVE AREA 3 0 L A N 1r CALAYERA4 21 SAN RAPAEL PRIKWtrlVE AREA 21 VEV'L ;,ANYON,SEAR CANYON PRIMITIVE AREA z-LiCAMONGA WILOUi ESS 0 A R i 24 UN olORGONio WILDERNESS � � 2S SAN tACTNTO WILDERNESS., t rt 14 1 ', a e 6 114x.1 , MBIA PRIMITIVJ , AREA: C a I t A (SAglliq r ?� 'i >t PCTIbNS OE THESE"ARE3A i-RANC00 AS HAVE, , WILDERNESS 'TYPE QUALITIES A L A NED.A {r WILDi FiNESS 1 "�:E AttrAS i �''"„ ��R r r , itA11I3LAU1 I, UNOER STUDY I { I1 aAXE6 0, a lhN7A 1 A 51,�KiYOU t MAR®LE MOUNTAINIR.MSIONS11 ' `\ UL'AhA�, r t e t E o 0, MT SHASTA 0 SALMON-SCOTT D1VIbE E OEt MOUNTAIN(A P r4 F c-oNIt4NE i ' �� G:cli Q�rira �►�'} son of y G ISHIIOAdral�s anis, Geol,644 MOp) M SNOW MOUNTAIN , J ,RANITIE 6141EF r K A(JEUX I �) L MOKELUMNE EXTE ION �. M CARSON-ICEBERb 1PVII:.LJEf-' NE' S I E AREAS ` N HGIOVER CXTt~N;�IDN i pp--.. AA `` { f P WHITE MOUNUINS R MINARETS SUMr��IT CORRIDOR NIA' S GOLDEN TRbU GREYi'MQ5ES ,GS 1 U LOPEZ CANYON V $HE'EP' MOUNTAIN / W iCuCAMONOA IlklI 'SNSION tASTLE CRAG'S T 4 t 1 (,M 0 y SNAST,� SALAMAfJDF6i p x s i T l- 1+ HUE100LDT' uj t1 " ll / JJJn M1I f , 1 r ' (r �. ��::• .�y,�• k � ' 134. \,� Ir Q -' �1 A. „ C L.! ! 1 i a K A Jr ` CULUTA L N ilei Ems, StlTfCR� � oLACfw •��- f L 0 O 'k bb \ °4 •'�� u a a:, f 4 1 5A A ENTp Y. r. N h P A,.�. S b L A r109 + ' t' CALAvou 11 , ,., + ~T"' tom" �' VERt l aj, L,..�R 1 A` �t A+✓ '1 :� ;" r� �, sA"w r, �1Nd, .� t TLo ONL u T 0 AL7t'`�AR N MARV>rsC .klout>= �_� _ rt ��P a A .A' IANT GAf tER SNAKE' " r, still ALAt�FDA s T A p r s_L A !'� , SAN 'FRA GAFtj �1,` � �� •RACER � �/�� lhdE TONE SNAKE \ CAL1l'Q�tNIA L. AST TERN tA Mhtf '�� � iAI1�`SALAN,ANDER iANTI, CPU2 1 . to Por,tioh of Wifor'rlid Divis,4 if Mmes and teolo g Mijp) CALWORNIA 01$11h,(RUjt1TATl:WID {Lrtrtited btr;urxtnrrzl1�/-�{v` j\f�1'� :AMERICAN P RtGWNE I ALCON f ` a IL soutm�RN 'Okb EMGs t , f 11�i CAL"I i)Rt h `bL.ACK P4 L M �F5 LL;dW•°6IL "kb CUCKOO i��,«a��i��..•K.� . 4j3 , fl MAP 16 } C A 't, F'O; N I A F11 SH AND WILDLlFE SELECTED CRI T_ICAt!. CAL-_,H=A;6L:ITA` , AND P�tiDTECTED AREAS 1.41 ilk. Nnra I 1s T Ll , w• b Y1 ,.i hili � �� M N ��+ n ' �� `'� � � e�.x�, � �`'v,�..��ir � �±✓�%�� ,:n..,m I.,". : tj z" fYa'nA tT " a UTA " ga WPorfion of CaiifDivitioh of � Geplo9�! Map) ;> � 3 ��6 a � a Y PROTECTED A[?EAS NATIONAL' WIILQLIPE REPUGE ;Nn' ` $ kAu XY r STATE WATu4FOWL MANAGEMEN. AREA, •'• NATIONAL COOPERATIVE V,'ILDLIFE AREA �- e u H i N A °•` ^ ,:.,iT, ,� Ott puiN CONDOR SANCTURAIPY L E,6,,EN b A t A r e b HABITAT L A 11 '# MAML WETLANbS OSE!) 8Y FISH AND WILbLCFE WHICH CO At.STITUTtr A PART OF AN ECoststEM V, rds OF CALIFORNIA'S ORIGINAi:, AVE%W r, HAS ALREADY BEES+ OESTROYE'O o A THESE COASTAL WETLANDS CAN OL CONSJDEREC) AS KEY AREAS PON THE SURVIVAL OF UEPENOAN r SPECIES ((' 5, w IMPORTANT MARSH,.AND HAgITA'T FOIA WATFRFOWL ANO WAT; .Iq-ASSOCIATE.rt WILDLIFE MIGRATORY DEEM W�NT15R RANGE r 8IG HORN SHMP RANGE , �` 6 t u if s �� c ,T.(At+nC at High CtlhcWrifrb+roti} ',� CRITICAL SAMKI AN! St8tLHE0 �PAWNIN, 04C 1NUpStRY HA8170 w.. M ettir. i; !Commusn s t anzl Soc olo�fiica,1 2 1.2 Pc)iulation' .. 41 U;� 1 Th6 1a70 United sstates Census figures 3nda.ca�-'ed that lat'.an of 10?r0(�t1 p o lo., ° e, C;c�unfy hac� a oogu ulatibn> s " aci�'group percentager by sexy of L;a Pll'�P. de , ctsc� in `tre pops ation PyremVI s n :1 i, � h3.ch " v ;, a1 sc dep,icts the po,u1'ation i�y'ramir% farU tho Stag o p Callforhxa for the ,same year 1 of'>_nailc fnurps.> •t: tment' titl 4> kali, *),orn3 u Dep �,) < t ouftt`Y t $ 7 :. 'n 311 But 0 ersons ..ren g 1973 "show i12 r50 rowth to an �e�ta; , �' The same ragency grecl�cts c n.nt4 g ` Series D=1ti` "'in' Q t� 0�, tl P P kit) on i1 17 o u mat'oc� baseline of ,thy 5 t'xanspo.rt'at,iozl t, 5 the year 19'95 r wh3.ehis the and,! 3 IM n ) � �(Yl f✓k k .,.0 �'yyyy ..T .+�,yN w a ,. f ��. ,� : . 19 { - nY 11 i f f qi `^ +ht 1 r� .�I`"'s,, y� a "o it Tr i 7• �t � �� `"Pi' ',7 ,.-..,,. ,. �r.,.. , ' ..=ww-,.-r C...r-^as�r [ ,J Y.r�`"i:'-�"^� tY":,,•."17, �f!!r:N 7v.,<M 6..1 . �x�lr•�*� rt, •' L. w-' .. 4 1.7 2 Sccial anti Dbmogra. h�.cNir�3_cataons t `' w nt orae c, aria l'atsii! xnc , 194 G �ncit�st ofw �m�lo•,�me •,,,�_ �. }:ese two sooioec is characteris ` cs cif the p a r lat3.6n are airect to trarisrortat5c�,ra,.�,�y'Pes�,j and tri'P c 11 enerat {\ , esr ., �The fol �+ ng table shok*s �rertinent instr� es in butte „ County �s r5 ' :'xotel of f ClilagStry rr in t work farce 1 over 1 P= . years old ;, 2 rting � fdr�stry andAgricu: tilre r t 1 j R 1 n. ?5 �` Minirig ucti'c�,r -z 1r7 h Mant'tfaetu`, r c�urabl o goad ► .3 173 Trans�ortatior �72. r `: Rets 1h 10 date tta(ie lr� �. 3o. ' ' anc and regi. �i11anCP r � estate cr)ai.t :9ertt3'.Cts.s us'noSs and , u FIGURE 1 y tMALE .FEMALE„” AGE B0 „ Qz c, 1 : , , F u. _ q 6ry r� Pe�c61t 1'ot91 �"�Olpuicai, bn r1AL�, �� ``� FEMALE P© � o / 1 , 40 20 i 6 42 ,fo t 4 P ri.�ro� Tofal {papula t . on !� GAEL WORN I A "POPI]L ATIONPYRAM"10, U „ T C01Ai •:.es`-�g7f"1 :0.1 * 4^.Srrr�+aiiiY.