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ZONING CODE AMENDMENT ZCA11-0001 RELATIVE WIND ENERGY SYSTEMS
Butte County. Department of Development. Services OVTrF. TIM SNELLINGS, DIRECTOR 1, PETE CALARCO, ASSISTANT DIRECTOR o 0 0 0 7 County Center Drive ° ° 00 Oroville, CA 95965 (530) 538-7601 Telephone �+ •� (530) 538-7785 Facsimile OU -14 www.buttedounty.net/dds ADMINISTRATION' BUILDING" PLANNING June.27, 2011. Subject:Request for Comments: Zoning Code Amendment ZCA11-0001 relative Wind Energy, Systems, Section 24-301 of Butte County Code Interested Parties' Please find enclosed a DRAFT zoning code amendment to.'modify wind, turbine . regulations in Butte County. _ You have been. sent this letter because of your past interest in wind•turbine.or wind energy '. systems in the County. . The .Butte County Board. of Supervisors.directed staff to initiate,a zoning code amendment to address wind turbine regulations specific to the County's agriculturally -designated lands and to explore whether some types of. very, small wind energy: systems. might be :appropriate within.. residential areas. The. enclosed DRAFT zoning code amendment has beenprepared in response".to that direction; new language is shown in underline.. Weare asking you to review this document and. forward comments by.July 11,1-2011 to: Butte County Development Services . 7 County Center Drive Oroville, CA, 95965 Attn: Stacey'Jolliffe We will consider incorporating your ,suggestions and comments into. the DRAFT zoning code amendment' prior to preparing. environmental review pursuant to,the"California Environmental Quality. Act (CEQA).. and bringing it to hearing before the Planning Commission, tentatively:scheduled for July 28, 2011: Please feel free to contact me if I can provide any additional assistance or, clarif cation: _ We look forward: to hearing about your views on this zoning code. amendment. Best Regards; . Sta ey 'olli a Principal Planner. 1 - Ordinance .No t qj 3 'AN ORDINANCE OF THE -COUNTY OF BUTTE s. AMENDING SECTION 24-301,.ENTITLED "WIND TURBINES,', 4. TO READ. `-`WIND ENERGY„ SYSTEMS"' `r,.. OF .CHAPTER 24,ENTITLED "ZONING," - S OF 'THE: BUTTE .COUNTYCODE, 6 The Board' of Supervisors of. the County • of Butte ordains as . `!s 7 follows. Section 1: ^.Chapter 24=301 of the Butt�Co`unty. Coder t'''hereby g h M� amended to read as follows: + �' 10 %P., 24 301 Wind Energy Systems a;),. ,'Purpo'se: and Intent. The purpose �and`�int�ent of this" section. ' 12 -BIN, isy to establish. procedures".and stat ids applicable 'to the , ' 13 development .of wind energysystems order to ,promote. clean ;. 'l 4, 05121111 sources of, energy which are compatible with, land uses 'in the r. WA.15 _ vicinity' t. 1.6 'fit b) P.The, provisions of this section shall apply 17 , rt to all structures operated for .the generation }of wind energy: 18�� _ c) µ'Definitio`ris The, following , definitions shall' apply in connection with the interpretation' ';`and. application of this 20" section: 21 .. 1) Auxiliary. Rooftop Structure`.. .A. roof -:mounted wind " 2`2 energy conversion structure that is ' 23,, a , ' (a) seven' (7), .feet or less in1l diameter,,,- 24 iameter, 24 �., . 1 2 3 4 S. 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 (b) projects less than ten (10) feet above the highest point of the roofline. on which it is installed, (c) produces energy which is used primarily on the parcel on which it is located, or on adjacent parcels in common ownership with the subject parcel, and (d) produces less than six (6)d'eebea-s,,o>f noise above ambient levels, as demonstrated by produ"ct sped ions to the satisfaction of the Director of Development Services��' 2) Micro ,Wind, Systems; A micro wind:; *system is a very small wind system, producing less th-- kW system which (a) is ten (10) feet 2}p -r lesS`y IV.didgmqeter (b) may be installed; pori Y a pole;�l ten feet or more above the highest poin ion the �rbbl. or other structural supports as al ;o e� 4by app11, le building codes, y(c)roduces'e.ner ,hich is used primarily on the arce�ls on which it is 1'ocated, or on adjacent parcels in common ownership with the subject parcel, and f .5b (d\)�u''prpducps'I less than six (6) decibels of noise above P, ;A. ambient levels, a demonstrated by product specifications to the ambient levelsR, 17 satisfaction of the Director of Development Services. 3) Agricultural Wind Energy System. Any wind energy conversion system rated 50kW or less and located in an Agricultural zone, or in an Unclassified zone with established agricultural uses, excluding Auxiliary Rooftop Structures. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 /14 a A 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 4) Large Wind Power System. Any wind energy conversion system that is larger than 50kW in the Agricultural zones or • larger than 30kW in any non-agricultural zone. � AR, FR, 5) Small Wind -Power System. Any wind energy conversion system that is s rated 30kW or less that will be used primarily to reduce onsite consumption of uti�l��ity p w:er excluding TPZ, 1, C-2, U, N -C, 4, SH, Auxiliary Rooftop Structures- P f Kll f - k d) Permitting Requirements- 1) All wind power systems are the following �p3 land use permitting requirements in„specifiezon; g districts, 4 y in addition to all applicable requirements°xof 1this Chapter. Y, V t r INK .� i Zoning District IN, Ce`���/ • SR, � AR, FR, MHP, R - i_::... L -I, C- MR, TM, 1 to R- TPZ, 1, C-2, U, N -C, 4, SH, M-1, C -C, P- H -C, P- PUD, A M-2, Q, R -P Q RN, RT, Auxiliary Rooftop P P P P P Structures Micro Wind Systems P P P A A C 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 Agricultural Wind A n/a n a MUP Not Energy System allowed Large Wind Energy UP UP UP UP Not Systems allowed Small Wind Energy n/a MUP MUP UP Not Systems �x e allowed tt �•y P Permitted Use, subject to zoning clearance A Administrative Permit required x MUP Minor Use Permit required UP Use Permit required n/a Not Applicable ' y 17 General requirements fo-r;~A"g,ricultural; Large, and Small Wind Power Systems ' X,1).,,1 ricultural, ,Large, and Small Wind Power Systems shall i5 z -A . not ,,�beNiplermitted on landrwithin the following locations: City Spheres of Influence, unless permitted by the City. (b) Arport Land Use Compatibility Zones. (c) Conservation, open space easements, or agriculture easements which do not allow wind energy conversion systems. (d) Alquist Priolo Earthquake Fault Zones. 2) Wind Power Systems shall not be permitted on land 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 within 1,000 feet of the following: (a) A residence, excepting residences on the same parcel and residences owned by the applicant. (b) The SR, MHP, R-1 to R-4, SH, PUD, RN, or RT zones. (c) A property listed on the National Register of Historic Places or the California Rester}of Historical Resources. V-4rAll 2 (d) Designated scenic resources. t izx e) Large and Small Wind Power Systemic n al Requirements. The following requirements shall apply to LargeTahd Power Systems not located within -;the Agrk,.1; tu'ral zone: Small Wind x '¢'. rr (1) Wind —Power Systems shall be painted a ` ' reflective color, excepAwhen obstr`uctin marking neutral, non- is required 1 beaced underground when feasible. s shall meet the following minimum a. new facilities shall be located so that the distance from t base of the facility to the parcel -boundary is equal to or greater than the height of the facility, 4) Appropriate warning signs, no larger than 4 square feet, shall be placed on or near wind .power systems. Wind power systems and related equipment will not be used to advertise or e, promote any product, or service -other than the manufacturer's1 Identification _up to, a size. not to -exceed 32 -square feet. " (5) Noise levels resulting.'from normal• operation of a__wind power systems shall not exceed County -• noise, standards for non- . transportation noise, Table HS73. of, the .County's Health and u.. Safety Element decibels. _as•,,•.measured ;at A' nea est_ property line— Applications for wind .power systems shall submit noise specifications and/or noise studies demonstrating °con;sistency' with those standards-( 6) Wind. power systems shalel b'e placed V. oriented • to avoid casting. a Ftshadow or, causing+, `fel cke . on• any off-site structure. (7 ) Wind power stems shall.t removed if they remain inoperable for. 12; consecu7ti months. -After, 12 months of nonus;e', w nd power sryksatems arse subject . tc code enforcement., actions' =N 1" (8) W,0nd power systems shall not be placed on parcels less than one acresize. � f) -A U'riRind -.Power Systems The. following requirements shall apply to Agricultural Systems and Large Wind :Power Systems, located within 'the agricultural zone: f (1) ' All facilities shall meet' the following, minimum setbacks , 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 Where facilities are located in Agricultural Zones (A-5 through A-160)—and one of the following circumstances apply, the facility shall demonstrate the minimum setback distance required by the zone: 1. The wind System is adjacent to an existing structure such as a barn, rice � dr er `'other aY cilit such Y ,nor ; ; _ �a that the facility will blend with the surroundin Eared; or 2. The adjacent proper ;,yC-L,�owner (s ) Econs,e,.ht in 1 writing to a lesser distance..;. (2) Towers shall be obstruct=ion marked and lighted in ., ,. �EI� accordance with recommendations of f`the U3 S Department of TransportationFederal Aiat onAdmi+nis` ration's Advisory Circular, AC 70/7460-1K.� ,� z �W;here feasteady burn lighting shall be used.4 hip," (fe, of fYashina or strobe liahtina. g.) Sma�� Wind Powe' LSystems �Re'quirements . Small wind power Vr te_� system,shall comply with Wind power systems -General Require mentsnoted in 2x4' 301(e) above, as well.as the following: (1)—Smannla wi+nd power systems shall be designed and Ifff i appropriatel<ysized to serve the needs of the use on the site. (2) The maximum height of small wind power systems towers shall be: a. 60 feet on parcels less than 5 acres in size. R b. 80 feet.'on parcels., 5 acres 'or greater "Tower. -height" means the height above grade of the fixed portion of'the'tower,'excluding,the wind-turbine/blade.` Section 2., Severability. If any provision of this Ordinance or. the application, thereof to -any person or circumstances is for . any -reason -,+ held -to -be invalid by,a sZcour f competent jurisdiction,M. such rovision' shall -be Eeemed:. severable and` the . invaliditythereof 'shall not affect the `remaining prosons or applications of the Ordinance which can' be .g< even effect without . the invalid provision or applcati.onhe�reof': Section ' 3. :Effective Date andPubl cat This Ordinance �, w l aoa shall take effect thirty (0}� 4XyA after the date of "its 'c passage. The Clerk:'of t •of Slip r�visors _is authorized and ice` s directed, beforethe�expiration of fifteen (15) 'days after its �; N assa e to ublisht i O Pg rdina=nce once~ with the names of the ,� P members�the "'Board of.;'Supervisors voting for` and against 'i t, T' in s `•the a' newspaper published 'in .the Nggg g. County of Butte, State of California. ; PASSED AND ADOPTED by the Board of Supervisors of. the County of Butte.,State of California;' on the, `day of , 2010, by the following vote: ' AYES: NOES: R * • t' y ` . '"- .. 1. �'• •' '- _ r - ,• n - � ♦ ` Y . • ♦ r 4• � "i � :7*3 i3 �r,.^iw- .1�t, ,t, a -x xY :�I � y+.l.' - ` ' , ' . ' + 1 ABSENT: }i 2 NOT VOTING: V, •STEVE LAMBERT, Chair: of -the 4 _ Butte County Board of Supervisors 6 ATTEST : ' PAUL'HAHN, Chief Administrative s;-_ - - - Officer and Clerk of the Board ;'X.� - $. + `-• '` r • �E ii - ted.':. '♦ 9 Y r 1 By Deputy s' 11 G:IORD3NANCEIWind Power Ordinance.DOC ad il 13 dv 14 r: ai - ' .16 18 y r 19 ' •� � �, v' � '. 3 :. r •', � � aha I y .. '. � • + 20- 0 - } F S < 1 ' - , -21 12 Page T of 2 Jolliffe, Stacey From: Jolliffe, Stacey Sent: Thursday, May 19, 2011.11:41 AM To: Thistlethwaite, Charles Subject: RE: ZCA11-0001 - Amendments to Wind Turbine Ordinance Please let me know if I am incorrect in any of the assumptions provided below. Stacey Stacey Jolliffe Principal Planner, Current Planning Section Butte County Dept. of Development Services 7 County Center Drive Oroville, CA 95965 Phone: 530.538.6573; FAX 530.538.2140 Email: siolliffe@buttecounty.net Website: www.buttecounty.net/dds COUNTY OF BUTTE EMAIL DISCLAIMER: This email and any attachment thereto may contain private confidential, and privileged material for the sole use of the intended recipient. Any review, copying, or distribution of this e-mail (or any attachments thereto) by other than the County of Butte or the intended recipient is strictly prohibited. If you are NOT the intended recipient, please contact the sender immediately and permanently delete the original and any copies of this e-mail and any attachments thereto. Chuck, I have questions about this recent assignment. 1. You had indicted in our meeting yesterday that you would pass along direction from the Board'.s hearing on April 12, 2611 relative to amendments to the 24-301. Do you have any written notes, or should I just go back and listen to the recording of the meeting? listened to the audio recording of the 04-12-11 BOS°meeting, so any.addition notes you have are welcome, but not essential. 2. Were any timeframes promised/suggested/implied for this item? see the ZCA11-0001 project file includes a folder for a 06-23-11 Plannign Commission date. l cannot consult with interested groups and agencies:and.prepare CEQA document in time to for the PC to take action on 06-23. I am assuming we will delay the meeting until 07-28 unless I hear otherwise, butwe could hold an informational meeting without final action if needed on 06-23-11.. Please advise if this is desired/necessary. 3. Is my assumption correct that we want to process the ZCA.11-0001 .after. the meeting with ,Kim Bush; so as to include any relevant info in the amendment? Or, are these two similar issues on different paths.. Still.unsure of the sequence of events, but this s not critical. 4. Have you made an environmental determination? I see the IS/MND from ZCA10-0004 adopting section 24-301 in the electronic file, but of course, that is a different project description than directed by the Board in ZCA11-0001. I am assuming no determination has been made. TY for written clarification, as I am not understanding how the pieced fit together from our verbal conversations. 5/27/2011 - . Page 2 of 2 :: • Stacey Jolliffe Principal Planner, Current Planning Section Butte County Dept. of Development Services 7 County Center Drive Oroville, CA 95965 Phone: 530.538.6573; FAX 530.538.2140 Email: siolliffe@buttecounty.net - Website: www.buttecodnty.net/dds COUNTY OF BUTTE EMAIL DISCLAIMER: This email and any attachment thereto may contain private . confidential, and privileged material.for the "sole use of the intended recipient.. Any review, copying, or distribution of this e-mail (or any attachments thereto) by other than the County of Butte or the intended recipient is strictly prohibited. If you are NOT the intended recipient, please contact the sender immediately and permanently delete the original and any copies of this e-mail. and any attachments thereto, From: Thistlethwaite, Charles Sent: Thursday, May 12, 2011 11:43 AM To: Jolliffe, Stacey Cc: Breedon, Dan Subject: Kimberly N. Bush contact and ZCA11-0001.- Amendments to Wind Turbine Ordinance Stacey, I wanted to follow up on our discussion of the revisions to the Small/Onsite Wind Energy section of the Zoning Ordinance (Section 24-301) with the contact information -for -Ms. Kimberly Bush of the Naval Facilities Engineering Command Southwest (NAVFACSW) Intergovernmental Branch (see attached). Dan has had more contact with Ms. Bush than I, and I believe she will be making_ a short presentation to the Planning Commission at the June 23, 2011 meeting. Other materials for the Zoning Code Amendment are located on -the projects: (G:) drive under ZCA11 0001.. Please Let me know if you have any questions or how:l can be of help with this project: Regards, Chuck Charles Thistlethwaite Planning Division Manager Butte County Department of Development Services 7 County Center Drive I Oroville, CA 95965 ® 530.538.6572 I g 530.846.3229 ® cthistlethwaiie@buttecounty.net . . DISCLAIMER: This e-mail and any attachment thereto may contain private, confidential and privileged material for the sole use of the intended recipient. Any review, copying, or distribution of this e-mail (or any attachments thereto) by other than the County of Butte or.the intended recipient is strictly prohibited. If you are NOT the intended recipient, please contact the sender immediately and permanently delete the original and any copies of this e-mail and any attachments thereto: 5/27/2011 As you know, ZCA10-0004 relative to wind turbines is being heard by the BOS on December`14, 2010 prior to state preemptions pursuant to AB45. Scott Jackson and Jeff Zellsdorf of Powershacks, an alternative energy company, have expressed concerns that the wind turbine regs in ZCA10-0004 will adversely affect Butte's ag economy. They are particularly concerned that the use permit process is cost prohibitive and 45db noise limit is -untenable, amongst other concerns. Here is what we understand would be involved in achieving Powershack's recommendation: a. Modify GP policy COS -P3.7. That policy states that wind power generation facilities will be 'conditionally permitted' in the ag, ag services, timber mountain, industrial and public land use designations. ' ; i This would be necessary to allow wind turbines/in Ag zones with a building permit (without a CUP) 'g o S KA Pel •- LJ1 ( w�j�r b. Interpret how noise standards in Table HS -3 of GP2030 relate to wind tuPbine regs. � Amendments may be necessary to the table or further refinement in the ZO . as c. Define the maximums size of small wind turbines in the Ag zones as 30kW, rather than ,20kW currently proposed Small turbines'could be sited with a building permit, and 30kw is a size typically appropriate for ag d. Allow 3 db increase above baseline ambient noise levels (nighttime nose levels) because a 3db noise increase is typically not audible. I doubt residents in Stilson Canyon would agree, but again this would apply only in ag zones. . We understand this to be a very subjective issue; this policy would be balancing right of ag to generate inexpensive power against the right to peaceable enjoyment. A standard of 3 ;db above existing ambient noise levels appears to be consistent with the County's 'right to farm' policies. I e: Allow the 1,000 foot required distance between residences and wind turbines to be waived by the adjacent ag residence (like setbacks for communications towers can be waived by adjacent 'property owners under current code in ag zones. Please let me know if additional detail would be helpful. Thank you in advance for keeping me in the loop when this comes up for policy discussion. j Stacey loiiiffe Principal Planner, Current Planning Section Butte County Dept. of Development Services 7 County Center Drive , Oroville, CA 95965, Phone: 530.538.6573; FAX 530.538.2140 Email': sjolliffe(d)buttecounty.net Website: www.buitecounty.net/dds Reports for Planning Commission hearings: http://tinyurl.com/2009agendas i County Of Butte Email Disclaimer: This email and any attachment thereto may contain private confidential, and privileged material for the sole use of the intended recipient. Any review, copying, or distribution of this e-mail (or ar attachments thereto) by other than the County of Butte or the intended recipient is strictly prohibited. If you.are NOT the intended recipiei please contact the sender immediately and permanently delete the original and any'copies of!this',e-mail and any I�A From: Jolliffe, * Stacey Sent: Wednesday, December 15, 2010 8:31 AM To: Thistlethwaite,Chorlea;8no||in � .Tkn ' Co: Breedon, Dan | ' -L� ' Su���t '800n1dir��t�n� bring back 2011 / HiTim and Chuck ` . ' ' ! . ` Chuck mentioned that vyeneed awork plan for how toget thiabaokbaforathaBoandof � Supervisors inAohLaodirected yesterday. ' ! Here is the email I sentlast week with thetask needed to implement; notice I have already!i icrossed-off taking this* matter to the LU subcommittee as Chair Connelly provided direction'i . 'Yesterday otthe full Board. Sounds like vvacan benefit from omeeting todiscuss how this fits together. |fyou |edakn / ' vvhoyou vvantinthe nneeUU meeting, | � � Stacey Jolliffe | Principal Planner, Current Planning Section. Butte County Dept.- of Development Services 7.County Center Drive OroviUe' CA 95965 . | Phone: 530.538.6573| FAX 530.538.2140 Email:. ' Website: ' . / Reports for Plannin.�Commission hearings: County Of Butte-EmmAil Disclaimer: This email and any attachment thcontain private confidenUa|, and privileged material for the sole use ofthe intended recipient. Any review, copying, ordistribution ofthis e-mail (or ar -attachments thereto) 'NOT the intended racpie/ please contact the sender immediately and, permanently delete the original and any copies ofthis e-mail and any ! i ~ From: Jd|iffe,Stacey, Sent: Thursday, Decen�berOS, �U1O 1']8 9M —^ ' ' ! To: Breedon, Dan _ Cc: �������rles; Snel|ings, Tim; Stuart, Claudia; Calarco, Pete -Policy Issue for new ZO: Wind Turbines with a Buid|ing permit i n Ag zones? i 'Hello Dan, . llmasked that | forward onemail ho.youregarding thaneed o|policy direction onwind turbines inAozones i.n(thonew ZO. (Please note: Thiammuid '�pp|yon�to ag zones, and � maybe TPZ'sbut not residential a j ` .. . f441, ,- ,- � cif 'J -L13 e-% 1/G-U/-Pv S-hmGk R� 1U�1 7-5(z��r�Ci�CT' . 5 3y^ 6772- '� F . � � :�" } L � ` - Y - ' • � , � i .. .'�r � _ - � P � � � -. � � ' i � ` , .. w '{ � , ' r � _. � •j �ti��irJl�3�f'';'.lJ�!J��I{J �F;��.-� a ,. a,: � _ f' �' ' a' �g, �r ' �'' � Ali— ��, ��3� /�� :�a r� � :� ' ; . � � '� ,. � L ,�, � '�' 'T + ,,,_ ca . a �' • � 1��,t,�'' t"` moi; `i � r ..+� , ; fes'+ a' � ,� l � �s` �x �}�9 ra'1 ,i ..� • } ' .,. � . � � ���.�.. iw '•.a. �` ..� mss. � ., ., � � M .. '. � ,,, ' . } � 'J . ,, n • { i • r,. + - .. -1 F .. ,; .. t -� - • 0 — STANDARD WIND UNIT 1.2kW Clean., Simple. Smart,"' WINDSFIRE SPECIFICATIONS-- STANDARD UNIT 1.2kW i The Windspire° wind turbine is an aesthetically designed vertical axis wind turbine that stands only 30 feet tall, and operates quietly white generating electricity for immediate use in your home or business. The Windspire is also the lowest priced alternative energy system in the one kilowatt . range on the market. And it's manufactured in the USA. Windspire invites everyone to explore the potential of. clean energy from the natural power of the wind. WIND REQUIREMENTS The Windspire wind turbine was designed to operate in areas with minimum average wind speeds of at least 10 mph (4.5 m/s) though ' it works best,with average winds of 11 mph (5 rn/s). A special Windspire for extreme winds is also available for locations subject to unusually high wind events. Wind speeds vary by location, even within a property. Your authorized Windspire Dealer can discuss site guidelines with you in more detail. Annual Energy Production 3000 • .................................................. L2500 ......:..:..........:....:....,....:.. Y' 2000 . 1500 .;....;....;....:. w .;....;... 1000. < 500. 0 . 7 8 9 10 11 12 . 13 mph 3 4 5 6 m/s Average Wind Speed Annual Energy Production 2000.kWh/yr' s ' Rated Power, .`- ? 1200 watts' a Kr .........................................:. .. ......... ...... Cut -in Wind Sp zed 8.5 mph 13.8 m/s AEP -Average W!_nd Speed .s . r ` 11:2 mph 15 m/s IAWEAStandar 11 Rated Power W'. d Speed 24 mph 1 10.7 in/s Survival Win, d Smeed'. 1. tOS.mph 147 , m/s. Standard Unit Fright 30 ft 1 9.1m (pate extension avaitablel Total Weight 1 ` 624 lb 1283 kq1 Unit Color Soft Silver ` # ...... .....:.......................: 1.,. Sound Output 6 dBA�above ambient (15µmph wind, Gtt from base)' .. `. 4 r . b.. w,. , Warranty b Year Limited Rotor Type `, Vertical A is - Low Speed Giromill rJ? Mt Rotor Height/ON6meter 20 ft 1 6:1m /4.1 FT 1 1.2 m Swe tArea p SOIn ` ` sq fta 7 43 sq m* '; r i• r 1 Max Rotor Speed 420 RPM' Tip Speed Ratio 6 23 t 6 Speed Control. Redundant Electronic A Wind Traeki g' ry A. , dnstantaneous ', t �'�' p �''t Generator ; High Efficiency Brushless Perma6ent Magnet ' v Inverter �' '{: Inverter Custom,lntegrated Grid Tie 120 VAC 60 Hz ! ..._-. ..... . ».,y .r ..a.. . *-. _ '•....ter•. •;_ Inverter Certification Meets IEEE 1547.1: U1. 1741 Performance Mo vtor -». 4 ,+ v ,Integrated Wu`etegs Ziggee Modem t' Foundation Poured Concrete _ Foundation Size 7 '2 It diameter by Th base' Rotor Material Aircraft Grade Extruded Alurninum 1. ' f .;re ": ' w ♦ '. .. yt ,..ii*M fi++y.r +•+i Ih ti -t. _� is Monopole/Structure Material r • ' Recyctcd I hh Gradc Stbcl q Finish 2 Coats, Corrosion -Resistant Industrial Grade Paint Coatings 'p ;r ': y' v 'k Rust Veto & Zinc Obve Ura;' v ; n •. Notes: i: AEP is based on the power curve and standard ass-mp:ions inctudine a Ray.eigh wind .dist'ibution ano 1400•-•. air density. 2.3: Per fo-ma-ce is oasee on indepandent test data ;site specifid. 4: Foundation size m:y vary for non-standard soit conditions a• no^-standard'.e'ghts. Power Curve 0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 22 24 26 28 30 32 Wind Speed (mph) Windspire W indspireEnergy.conl 1400 ...................................................................................... 1200 .........................................:. .. ......... ...... 1000 .... .................... ............................... ................... .. N - .' 800 CL600 .... ............ .......................... ...... .....:.......................: 1.,. 400 ........................... ..............., .............: ........... .. 200 .... _............. i............• ..................:........, .. ............., ... 1 0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 22 24 26 28 30 32 Wind Speed (mph) Windspire W indspireEnergy.conl Wm spire Frequently Asked Questions What is the difference between Energy and Power? At wind speeds greater than 8 mph, the Windspire'O will begin producing power, which is measured in Watts IW) or kilowatts UW). Power output jumps up and down as quickly as the wind changes speed, so the industry measures energy in kilowatt-hours (kWh), which is how many watts of power are consumed over a full hour. Your.electric company charges you for energy usage based on a rate/kWh. Over the course of a year, each 1.2kW Windspire will produce approximately 2000 kWh in 11 mph average winds to help offset the energy you require from the electric company. Elevation will affect energy production. How does it work? Windspires operate with three sets of tall, narrow airfoils that catch the wind while spinning around a vertical axis. As the rotor turns, a generator conditions the energy into electricity. The grid -tie inverter then converts the electricity from a direct current (DC) to an alternating current (AC) that can be used for buildings and homes. Are There Tax Credits Available? The Federal Government provides an uncapped 30 percent tax credit for the total coat of your complete system, including installation. Many state and local municipalities also offer. rebates, as do local power companies. Are There Specific Requirements for Potential Customers? A Windspire site requires access to unobstructed wind and adequate space for installation. The Windspire also needs at. least class two winds - ideally class three (an average of 11 mph) - and a tie to the power grid. Is the Windspire a Grid -Tie or Off -Grid Product? The currently available Windspire is grid -tie, which requires the unit to be tied into the local utility grid. Can I sell electricity back to the grid? Some utilities offer net metering agreements that allow credit for excess power sent back to the grid. Is the Windspire Independently Tested and Certified? The Windspire is independently tested at Windward Engineering in Spanish Forks, Utah. This testing allows customers to know what level of power production to expect from specific wind ranges. The Windspire inverter received ETL certification as of March 2008 for the U.S. and Canada, which includes UL and IEEE testing.. Is it Safe for Birds? The Windspire rotates at a lower speed than most wind turbines and is more visible to flying birds. So far, we have had no reports of collisions - and we have had one report .of a nest built under an active unit. How Does the Braking System Work? The Windspire is designed to operate in wind speeds of 7-25 mph. At wind speeds higher - than 27 mph the redundant electronic braking system will engage as a safety feature. While it may seem counterintuitive to engage brakes and therefore cease energy production during -high winds, this is essential to the safety and reliability of the Windspire. Per UL specifications, the Windspire will also engage the brake if the grid voltage or grid frequency falls outside the regulatory ranges. • • � EXTREME WIND UNIT 1.2kW Clean. Simple. Smart.'" The Extreme Wind Windspire"�' turbine is an aesthetically designed vertical axis wind turbine that operates quietly while generating electricity in areas that periodically experience very high wind events. And it's made in the USA. Windspire invites everyone to explore the potential of clean energy from the natural power of the wind. WIND REQUIREMENTS The Extreme Wind Windspire turbine was - designed to operate in areas subject to unusually hiqh wind events, with minimum average wind speeds of at least 10 mph (4.5 m/s) though it works best with average winds of 12.5 mph (5.7 m/sl. Wind speeds vary by location, even within a property. Your Windspire Dealer can discuss site guidelines with you in more detail. Annual Energy Production 3500 ................ ............................, L3000 ................................. 3 Y 2500 r rn 2000 ....::...:........:....:.. m c w 1500 ......... M 1000 .:...:....:... c a 500 - 0.1. 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 mph 3 4, 5 • 6 7 m/s Average Wind Speed WINDS IRE SPECIFICATIONS EXTREME WIND UNIT 1.2kW ; Annual Energy Production 2000 kWh/yr' Rated Power" 1200 watts is 1� t 7' y Cut -in Wind Speed 8.5 mph 13.8 m/s ,r AE_P Average Wind Speed 12.5 niph 15.7 m y Rated Power Wind Speed 26.8 niph 112 m/s Survival Wind Speed t s 160 mph 1 71 5 m%s �� _ ,,.i _ t , Standard Unit Height 23 it 17.1 m (pole extension available) Y•n w, r *., .Total Weight "'"Tis ', ` •R.'T" y... .....� b+w � r. y+r T 1. .- . 567 tb 1257 kg Unit Color^ "' Soft Silver, Sound Output b dDA above ambient (15 mph wind 6ftfrom base) �y _• Warranty . y ' 5 Year Limited for Type -• `'� Vertical Axis -:,Low Speed Giromill r Rotor Height/Diameter 13:2 it 1 4m /4.1 FT 1 1.2 m Swept Area .r - -r c �-- - --x .--- a2.7 sq fl 14.89 sq m y r )Max Rotor Speed 420 RPM' Tip Speed Ratio U 23 3_ Speed Control Redundant Electronic" Wind Tracking Instantaneous Generator High Efficiency Brushless Permanent Magnet Inverter _inverter Custom Integrated Grid Tie 120.VAC 60 Hz,',. Certification Meets IEEE 1547.1; UL 1741 (.Inverter (Performance Monitor' s rint?grated Wireless Zigbee ModIe r Foundation hkFou Poured Concrete dationSize fk _'`ti 2 fl d b 7 ft base°- -i _meter j Rotor Materials Aircraft Grade Extruded Aluminum Monopole/Structure Material 'Recycled I ligh Grade Steel,-.,, Finish 2 Coats. Corrosion -Resistant Industrial Grade Paint Coatings r; ` ;Rust Veto & Zinc ULUve Drab's r r Notes: 1: AEP is based on the power curve and standard assumptions including a Ray-.eigh wind .dist-ibution and 1400^ air density. 2.3: Perfo,ma-ce is oasec on initial field test data. Final testi^g is currenity underway. 4: Foundation size may vary for ^on ,ta-dard soil cond;tions or non-standard heights. Winspire WindspireEnergy.com Win spire Frequently Asked Questions What is the difference between Energy and Power? At wind speeds greater than,8 mph, the Extreme Wind Windspire® will begin producing power, which is measured in Watts (W) or kilowatts (kW). Power output -jumps up and down as quickly as the wind changes speed, so the industry measures energy time in kilowatt-hours,(kWh], which is how many watts of power are consumed over a -full hour. Your electric company charges you for energy usage based on a rate/kWh. Over the course of a year, each 1.2kW Extreme Wind Windspire will produce approximately 2000 kWh in 12.5 mph average winds to help offset the energy you require from the electric company. Elevation will affect energy production. How does it work? Windspires operate with three sets of tall, narrow airfoils that catch the wind while spinning around a vertical axis. As the rotor turns, a generator conditions the energy into electricity.. ' The grid -tie inverter then converts the electricity from a direct , current IDC) to an alternating current (AC) that can be used for buildings and homes. Are There Tax Credits Available? The Federal Government provides an uncapped 30 percent tax credit for the total cost of your complete system, including installation. Many state and local municipalities also offer rebates, as do local power companies. Are There Specific Requirements for Potential Customers? A Windspire site requires access to unobstructed wind and ' adequate space for installation. The Extreme Windspire also needs average annual winds of 12.5 mph - and a tie to the power grid. i Is the Windspire a Grid -Tie or Off -Grid Product? The currently available Windspire is grid -tie, which requires the unit to be tied into the local utility grid. Can I sell electricity back to the grid? Some utilities offer net metering agreements that allow credit' for excess power sent back to the grid: Is the Windspire Independently Tested and Certified? The Windspire, is independently tested at Windward Engineering in Spanish Forks, Utah. This testing allows customers to know what level of power production to expect from specific wind ranges. The Windspire received ETL certification as of March 200.8 for the U.S. and Canada, which includes UL and IEEE testing. Is it Safe for Birds? The Windspire rotates at a•lower speed than most wind turbines and is more visible to flying birds. So far, we have had no reports of collisions -. and we have had one report of a nest built under an active unit. How Does the Braking System Work? The Windspire is designed to operate.in wind speeds of 7-34 iinph. At wind speeds higher than 37mph the redundant electronic braking system will engage as a safety feature. While it may seem counterintuitive to engage brakes and therefore cease energy production during high winds, this is essential to the safety and reliability of the.Windspire. Per UL specifications, the Windspire will also engage the brake if the grid voltage or'grid frequency falls outside the regulatory ranges. 1 . a - Ar 7� 1 - r 1 • ' 1^ 4 t i• 1 . a - Ar 7� 1 ' JI - t+ a 11prouuCing Ulu 1-loncy Wc11 W MU 1 urDulc 1rUIu W lull 11•V11 ub i�. F J VV d nim i Beer f Y WT6500 Wind Turbine Gearless Blade Tip Power System Marketingrre0nical Downloads Press Wind Estimator Register Videos Installers Contact Produc Today's wind energy..... like no other. TOMY www.100dollarsabarrel.com - See us Live! We've turned traditional wind turbines,'inside'out.. Gearless Blade Tip Power System T"" - the future of wind power. The Honeywell Wind Turbine utilizes a system of magnets and stators surrounding its outer ring, capturing power at the blade tips where. speed is greatest, practically eliminating mechanical resistance and drag. Rather than forcing the. available wind to turn a generator, the perimetf generator by swiftly passing the blade tip, magnets through the copper coil banks mountec frame. The Blade Tip Power System T"' addresses past constraints such as size, noise, vibrc :proprietary systems are. breaking traditional technological barriers across multiple markets, f both energy generation and energy recapture even in moderate winds. The Honeywell Wind lowest cost per kWh installed turbine ever made (in class and size). So powerful, so s#mple -------------------------------------------------------------- Read More 'W-------=---------=--- ETL listed, conforming to UL 1741 and CAN/CSA C22.2 No. 107.1. hffP;:tL vv. earthtronics.com/honeyweU.aspx 4/12/2011 �I m A rmA., IWO' i urning a winu turoine P-knpratnr by elimina•tine IflIInOUClI1g i[ none; we4 w mu 1 iFq!pe uw MMU 1 wr�ues A Wind Turbine Like No Other in... • Residential, • �rT1iE1@fCl�l Agricultural • Remote • Towers Energy Recovery • Education • Design • Size • Startup Speed • Ease of Permitting • Effieiettcy • oviet Operation i; -------------------------------- ------------------------------- F..; i(�::•C,°r1W-------- ----- How to redesign a turbinelo start at 0.5 (1/2) mph By practically eliminating -mechanical resistance and drag, the Honeywell Wind Turbine prr per year depending on height and Iocation.:The Honeywell Wind Turbine's BTPS perimeter I design of the multi -stage blades allows the system to react quickly to changes in wind maximum wind energy is captured, without the typical noise and vibration, associated with tre The Honeywell Wind Turbine is a gearless, wind turbine that measures just 6 feet (1.8 m) in-, '(84 kgs)'and has an increased operating span, over traditional turbines with a start-up spee m%s), with an auto shut off at 38 mph (17.0 m/s). Traditional gearbox turbines require mini mph (3.5 m/s) to cut in and start generating power. The Honeywell Wind Turbine is designed to° be installed by a licensed electrician where' turning homes and businesses from points ofJotal consumption to distributed energy sourct , efficient manner. The Honeywell Wind Turbine and Smart Box Inverter/ controller has a (installation not included). 54§,:1 i► r_.eaffitronics.com/honeywell.aspx 4/12/2011 . zntroaucmg me tioneywen w ma i urome I7om w ma i romcs rage + of 11 Flat Roof (Commercial) Pitched Roof Pole Mount Cel (Du^-,dPu-d anti sillast 1"'oun( t��, ,:;f'i�ca a;1*10 RU01 N'OLN11 (Commercial or Residential) CO --------------------------------------------------- Read More ® ---------------------- Where to place your turbine. Directional Fins The directional fins continuously guide the turbine for maximum wind exposure. The system (0.2 m/s), automatically shuts down in high winds (+38 mph [+17.0 m/s]) through its electrc and is designed to withstand winds up to 140 mph (62.6 m/s). Wind Energy Recommendations and FAA's The Honeywell Wind Turbine data for energy generation is measured against class 4 (DOI state; (33 ft high, unobstructed) however, many factors will affect the output of the turbine at on placement. Your location can be effected by trees, terrain and obstructions such as k placement on one end of a building or the other can affect the output. Correct site as, enhance the performance of your turbine regardless of your product choice. • Always seek the highest elevation and lowest obstruction field as possible (33 feet r better). • You may advise your city, town or neighbors that you're installing a new wind turbint dB at 10 feet, it may be not necessary. We're here to help you. • An average annual wind rating of 12 mph is recommended as a good minimum win( mind, off grid locations might consider less. • The Honeywell Wind Turbine is designed for all environments from hot to cold and c iilo'-Il*ww.earthtronics.com/honeywell.aspx 4/12/2011 !!!U.vuII LLLb' LLLG . y4s;y well YY illLL 1 Ul Vwr. llvili YY Inn 11 Vii1VJ",, 1 agr. v vi i i i Energy Management Systems The SmartBox Control System incorporates a proprietary control system that is specifically most efficient power from wind at its unpredictable patterns and dynamics. It functions a management system and also provides a simple and seamless interconnection to the -g Turbine and the SmartBox offers cutting-edge turbine technology to the individual, enablin, and manage the energy at their local wind zone. The SmartBox is the control system t controller and a non -grid tie 1.5 kW inverter. Included within the charge controller is an autc that will automatically switch between your AC, grid and power generated via the turbine. The Honeywell Wind Turbine works seemingly, with Grid Tie or bC•Charge controllers. Utility Grid Tie System The wind turbine can also be configured with the Aurora® grid tie inverter for. simple connectivity to any utility or building (F.I.T. or Net Metering). i Aurora inverters operate at 96% efficiency and comply with standards set for grid tied operation, safety, and electromagnetic compatibility including: UL1741/IEEE1547'& CSA C22.2 N.107.1- 01, VDE0126,. CEI 11-20, DK5940, CE164- 8, IEC 61683, IEC 61727, EN50081, EN61000, CE certification, El Real Decreto RD1663/2000 de Espana, ` r -----------------------------------=-------------------------- Read More ' ------------------------ Join our Mailing List and Register with. us ' indic Email Address: Name:` I_ State or Province and Zip Code:* Please tell us what your primary interest is: — Please Select :. hip ITv_vvvuv.ei�tronicsxom/honeywell.aspx 4%12/2011 pgpuucmg uie noneyweu w ma i urome uom w Ana i rorucs',' rage ui 'i i Subscribe I -------------------------------------------------------------- Read more'w ---------=----------- i; Marketing/Technical Downloads WindTronic Learn more about the Honeywell Wind Turbine by 'downloading VVindTronics News Highlight: these documents. n Today Show "High Tech Gizmos for Yc 'Marketing Materials gaeraS Time Magazine Online 12/6/2010 "Top Rooftop Wind Power' 2011 North American Catalog — New March 2011 (1.5mb PDF) Treehugger 11/30/2010 "Honeywell Wi 2011 International Catalog — New March 2011 (4.1mb PDF) Giant Generato" Trade Fair Presentation (5.4mb PDF) Reuters 11/29/2010 "Wind Energy Corr Stores" Window Cling (3.4mb PDF) USA Today 11/19/2010" Greenbuild E Banner (13.4mb PDF) savings products" -POP (12.1mb PDF) Inhabitat-Green Design Will Save the V Poster (16.9mb PDF) Consumers Reports (video) Innovation: A New Rooftop Wind Turbii Wind Rebates/Utilities i' 10 Most Brilliant Products of 2009: Hor �j US Incentive List Popular Mechanics: Has Affordable, Et Arrived? Utility Incentives Popular Mechanics: 10 Wind Turbines www.windknowledge.com (wind/rebate calculator) Desiqn FAQ's / Engineering Drawings 6 News, Releases Frequently Asked Questions (1 mb PDF) j 2011 - Wiridtronics NECA Release Energy Output Curve (168k PDF) 2010 - WindlTronics ETL Certification .2010 - WindTronics BlueSky UNIDO A Mounting Systems & Engineering Drawings (11.7 mb'ZIP Files) The Windtronics Corporate Market Rel. Manuals / Installation Guide Edison Awards SmartBox Operating Manual (1.2mb PDF) updated 02-23-2011 Wind Turbine Operating Manual (1.2mb PDF) updated 02-23-2011 Master Installers Guide (2.3mb PDF) updated 02-23-2011 it ----------------------------------------------------=--------- Read More ® ---------------------- http://www.earthtronics.com/honeywell.aspx ; 3 4/12/2011 n Energy you Feel. The Honeywell WT6500 at work in low A look inside our wind testing ti and variable winds, after 40" of snow and mixed velocity at 7.5 mph ,('12 kmM), w precipitation over a 4 week period. WindTronics -are just starting -up). The noise I Always Turning; Always Creating Energy. Own Your background is the wind .tunnel i Wind! itself is virtually silent. �I y n Energy you Feel. The Honeywell WT6500 at work in low A look inside our wind testing ti and variable winds, after 40" of snow and mixed velocity at 7.5 mph ,('12 kmM), w precipitation over a 4 week period. WindTronics -are just starting -up). The noise I Always Turning; Always Creating Energy. Own Your background is the wind .tunnel i Wind! itself is virtually silent. Jr SUPPLEMENTAL USE REGULATIONS 24-151 Development Accessory to Zone �% cesson structures pertinent to any permitted use o Development) Accesso iTses t. _. iY_ :r Accessory to Accessory uses pertinent to any permitted use Vegetation Management Development Landscaping, Irrigation Accessory to Zone NO Developments Vegetation Management Landscaping, Irrigation 2-3. Location. An accessory use or structure shall be located only on the same parcel as the primary +ee-or-structure or zone to which it is related. 4 Permits Accessory structures are subject to a ministerial building permit process no discretionary permit is required. 3.5. Establishment. a. Accessory uses or structures shall not be constructed or established until construction of the primary structure is completed or the primary use is established. b. Aeeessory uses or. 4-G. Attached Structures. Accessory structures attached to a primary structure shall be considered a part of the primary structure and shall comply with all standards and regulations applicable to the primary structure. B. Uses Accessory to a Residene . Activities typically associated with residential uses are permitted on all parcels occupied by a residential use. Examples of such residential accessory uses include vehicle parking, gardens; vehicle and boat storage, the keeping of domestic pets, composting of household organic and yard waste, and other similar activities. B -.C. Residential AeeessefyStructures Accessory to a Residence in Urban Zones. The following standards apply to aeeessery-structures accessory to a residence in urban residenfitd-zones. Examples of such residential accessory structures include storage sheds, workshops, guesthouses, pool houses, private swimming pools, spas, hobby rooms, game rooms, sunrooms, private tennis courts, gazebos, and other similar structures. 1. Size. Accessory structures shall not exceed a cumulative total of 1,000 square feetofyes per acfe ef-la:}per parcel, unless otherwise specified in this �ec. Exceeding the 1.000 square foot cumulative total may be considered with a Minor Use Permit. 2. Height. The height of an accessory structure shall not exceed 25 feet. 3. Setbacks. a. The required setback from the front and.street side property line shall be the same as the primary structure. 179 Q Comment [DC82]�Pia�u;,'ng � Comm�ssioner 4a4a there may be need•' foc a pemut pmcess` to deviate from this standaid (Admui'oi MUP) --------------- SUPPLEMENTAL USE REGULATIONS 25-149 b. The required setback from the rear property line for art -accessory structures greater than 15 feet in height shall be the same as the primary structure. For structures 15 feet or less in height, the required setback from the rear property line shall be 3 feet. c -.There shall be no required setback from the interior side property line if the structure is located in the rear one-third of the parcel or 70 feet from the front property line. Otherwise, the required setback from the interior side property fine shall be the same as the primary structuree: d -c. There shall be no required setbacks from property lines for trash enclosures. planter boxes with a maximum height of 42 inches, domestic pet shelters, playground equipment, small sheds. well houses, composting bins, rain water cisterns, , and other similar objects not attached to a permanent foundation and not subject to a building permi. D. Aeeessery-Structures Accessory to a Residence in Rural Zones and Non Residential Zones. AA :======; =_Structures accessory to a residence in inFillrural zones are subject to the same standards and regulations as primary structures. E. Structures Accessory to Zone in Rural Zones. Structures accessory to a zone in rural zones are subject to the same standards and regulations as the primary structures, including the following additional standards (except in the AG or TM zones where these standards to not annl4: -1. The parcel where the structure is to be located must be 1 -acre or more in size. Two or more adjacent parcels that are less than 1 -acre in size but collectively exceed 1 -acre or more in size managed as single use may be developed with accessory structures. 2. The floor area of the accessory structure or structures shall not exceed a total cumulative size of 2,500 square feet. F. Structures Accessory to Development and Accessory to Zone in Commercial. Industrial, and Siecial Purpose Zones. Structures accessory to development and accessory to a Zone in Commercial Industrial and Special Purpose Zones are subject to the same standards and regulations as primary structures. E -G. Guest Houses. Guest houses that comply with the following standards are permitted in all residential zones. The floor area of a guest house shall not exceed 500 square feet. 2. Guest houses may include a small wet bar with a counter surface area less than 10 square feet (including sink), small sink (not to exceed 15 inches by 15 inches), and refrigerator with a volume of less than 5 cubic feet. I.H. Accessory Kitchen. An accessory kitchen, no larger in size than 25 percent of the primary dwelling, is permitted in all residential zones allowing residences with the approval of a Minor Use Permit. If an accessory_ kitchen is used for commercial purposes it must be permitted as a Home Occupation and be developed to commercial standards. 24-151 Alternative Energy $ hu� s) 180 ` f SUPPLEMENTAL USE REGULATIONS 24-152 - A • t ")••StS'r' ., 'rNR•,#Fpef W-•trfxifl.!"ofrP•'^ •..••s. t+...,+ Y�SN'•• •M•M•1•MyR• •• �F'hotovoltalc Power Statwns Photovol[atc power staaons are classified as,a type of Utility, Major • , -•M, !iip� i"s..w• k 3M 1 g er!`S 6V111SifKa%�+:k{ +.f;'..- landusePhotovoltatc power stations a;e sublect'to all land use regulaaonsand,permit requirements ' � �r .• :a that apply to the Utility; Major landnuse classtflcatton; B. eriecgy stntctures shall tie ..Mrwr..•rn+r+i+r rr a•n+ ,� ..:-•-*ra--axew� .:. �.. pemutted is xexes as provYdedm Part 2 (Gontng Distracts Land Uses and DevelopmentStandards).. I F7....- - .. - ,�'tsiTm?'SfT�r` .a++St+'$t`r Comment [DC64] Swvch�o,dn�rof the... C. Photovoltaic Panel Systems. Photovoltaic panel systems are classified as a type of Utility. Minor land use. Photovoltaic Panel Systems that are less than or equal to 1 -acre in size =accessory to a permitted primary land use on a parcel are subject to the following provisions. 1. Photovoltaic panel systems shall be permitted as -of --right in all zones. r • 2. Photovoltaic panel systems . shall meet all applicable performance tstandards established by the National Electrical Code, the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, and the Public Utilities Commission regarding safety and reliability. 9 3. Ground -mounted photovoltaic panel systems shall not be located in a required front setback area. • 4. Ground -mounted photovoltaic panel systems may exceed eight feet in height above the ground , Only with the approval of a Minor Use Permit. 5. - ., Photovoltaic panel systems attached to the roof of a structure shall not project more than six feet above the height requirements of the applicable zone. " D. Large Wind Turbines. Large wind_ turbines are classified as a type of Utility, Major land use. Large . wind turbines are subject to all land use regulations and permit requirements that apply to the Utility, - Major land use klassifi a on�, i _ Comment [ CB5j rt ,i,,ord worked on m -house Shonld.be,. E. - Small Wind Turbines. Small wind turbines that are accessory to a permitted primary land use on a ,Ming incorporated tn66the b6&Zo when. parcel are•sub•ect to standards in California Government Code 65896, as well as to the followin $ ,- - I..County,,,u elduectsthatwind; , turbine-onhnance.have its o'dmscchon.: provisions: keep the Wutd Tutbine-secuon to ns - 1. The establishment of a small wind turbine in a rural zone shall require the approval of an a lace old.- but'wdl need ro conform p . _ s _ - - - Administrative Permit. this sectwn to code fir being worked on for\jJindTurb' e& '2. The establishment of a small wind turbine in an urban zone shall require the approval of a me_PlannngCommtsstonbel[evesOut � • , COndltlOnal Use Perrot. turbines are not appropriate foriesidential' zones - + - - 3. Small wind turbines shall be painted a neutral" non -reflective color, such as beige or white. -,DDS reseazch�ng. 3 { 4. Power lines shall be placed underground when feasible. ' 5. Small wind turbines shall be designed and appropriately sized to serve the needs of the use on the " site. 6. The maximum height of small wind turbines and towers, as measured when rotor blades are in t vertical (or highest) position, shall be as follows and as shown in Figure 24-151-1 (Small Wind Turbines): 4 - a. 80 feet on parcels less than 5 acres in size. ~ :. b. 100 feet on parcels 5 acres or greater in size. t j{ # 181 l . I ' 11 SUPPLEMENTAL USE REGULATIONS 24-151 7. The required setback from all property lines shall be 15 feet or as required by the applicable zone, whichever is greater in distance. 8. Appropriate warning signs, no larger than 4 square feet, shall be placed on or near small wind turbines. 9. Noise levels resulting from normal operation of a small wind turbine shall not exceed 60 decibels (dBA) or the maximum noise levels required -allowed by the General Plan, whichever is lower, as measured at the nearest property line. 10. A small wind turbine shall be placed and oriented to avoid casting shadow or causing "flicker" on any off-site structure. —r 24-152 Animal Keeping{ Purpose. It is the intent of the following regulations to allow persons to keep and maintain livestock on their private property in a manner that will protect the health safety and welfare of nearby residents, and to protect the health, safety and welfare of animals. A. Applicability 1. The standards in this section applv_ynly to residential zones that allow for animal keeping, including the Foothill Residential (ER) Rural Residential OMand Very Low Density Residential 182 r- ,Comment;[ DCB6] Revised matnx on feed'and aaeagesforanvnals`(based upon`.' �' meetings with`.[?ubhc Health'and �Comintss,oncist�ffpebmary.¢ 2071 Fi, �.Pubhc Health staff on MarchZ2 2(111) to helpstceambne use of this section This_ secnon has been,ie wntten accordv�gly `t ` - � �GCESSOR STRUCTU�RES��USES (f�ablek24�150 1�� � � �`t�� "" e, .• Accessory.to SED + Pool, Pool House, Sia,-Dressing Room, Domestic Pet-Shelter. Game Room, Garages. $unborn, Tennis Courts.-Gazebo, Playground Equipment Hobby Room Trash Enclosure Workshop, Shed Storage Building; Barn, Greenhouse, Well house Accessory to Zone ' o S Workshop, Shed, Storage Building, Barn, Greenhouse' Well hous ope4m. cUo. t (On parcels' larger than-1-acre, except in AG and TM .zones where there is no limitation on parcel size) Accessory to SFD - p Keeping of .Domestic Pets Composting Bms Private Parking, Gardens, Planter Boxes, Vegetation Mana menta Irrigation. g ge �-gation, Landscape Accessory to. Zone Gardens 'Planter "Boxes, VegefationManagement, -Irrigation Landscaping, o SFD !ra S rte= Comostmg Bins PnvateParlung- ,r. � � `` UrbanZones � �DRLDRMDR�MHDRiiDR'�VHeDRMU -�'� � ' : � ` • Accessoiv to SFD or f Pool Pool House Spa, Dressing Room Domestic Pet Shelter. 'Game Room,. Garages, Sunrooin, Tennis Courts, Gazebo, Playground Equipment; Hobby Room,. Multi-Family Units Trash Enclosure Workshop Shed Storage Building, Barn"Greenhouse Well house Accessory to'Zone " None r Mo SFD or Multi - Family U�ts). 1 Accessory'to SFD or -Keeping of Domestic Pets Composting" Bms PY a c Parking:"Gardens, Planter Multi-Family Units jimcs Vegetation Management: Irrigation Landsca�g r• Accessory to Zone Gardens Planter Boxes Vegetation Management, Irrigation ComPosnngBms (Nb SFD or Multi _' P,rivate.Par�kin� . .. y .. Family. Units) Commercial,Industnal�andsSoec}altPuroose Zo ens?s"w �� . 'l Ac ess-fy$tructures Accessory to Accessory structures pertinent to any permitted use . . ri 178 OW.. : er.� _ - .. ifs: i t— •. SUPPLEMENTAL USE REGULATIONS Article 2.5.. SU;P,PLEMENTAL US;E REGULATIONS Sections: 24-149 — Purpose 24-150 — Accessory Uses and Structures 24-151• — Alternative Energy Structures 24-152 — Animal Production 24-153 — Child Care Facilities 24-154 — Drive -Through Facilities 24-155 — Emergency Shelters 24-156 — Home Occupations 24-157 — Large Retail Projects 24-158 — Live/Work Units 24-159 — Kennels 24-160 — Medical Marijuana Dispensaries 24-161 — Mobile Home Parks 24-162 — Permanent Outdoor Displays and Sales 24-163 — Public/Mini Storage 24-164 — Recycling Facilities 24-165 — Second Units 24-166 — Outdoor Storage in Residential Zones 24-167 — Temporary Uses and Structures 24-168 — Wineries and Olive Oil Production Q eaiois 24-149 24-149 Purpose This article establishes development and operating standards for specific land uses to minimize negative impacts on neighboring properties, implement State and federal law, and ensure the orderly development of a diversity of land uses within the county. 24-150 Accessory Uses and Structures A. General Requirements. 1. Relationship to Primary Use. a. An accessory use or structure is permitted only when it is subordinate and incidental to the primary structure or eae-zone to which it is related. b. An accessory use or structure shall not alter the character of the site from that created by the primary use, of -structure . or zone. C. An accessory use or structure shall be permitted only when it is compatible with the structures or uses permitted in the zone in which it is located. 177 TERMS & DEFINITIONS Blades: Most turbines have 2-3 blades. Wind blowing over the blades causes the blades to "lift" and rotate. BOS: Balance of System—typically denoting all components other than the turbine, tower, inverters and batteries as applicable. Brake: A disc brake which can be applied mechanically, electrically or hydraulically to stop the rotor in emergencies. Controller: The controller starts up the machine at "cut -in" wind speeds (minimum forces for turbine operation) and shuts off the machine at "cut-out" wind speeds (to prevent damage). Conversion Efficiency: The ratio of output power to input power (e.g. generator) Gear Box: -Gears connect the low -sem shaft to I the high speed shaft and increase the rotational speed to the generator to produce electricity. Generator/Alternator: Typically induction generator to produce 60 -cycle AC electricity. High -Speed Shaft: Drives the generator. Inverter: Converts DC power from wind system to AC power for on-site use or net metering. kW: kilowatt. Unit of turbine capacity. kWh: kilowatt-hour. Unit of energy. Low -Speed Shaft: The rotor turns the low - speed shaft Met Tower: A meteorological tower, with instrumentation, erected to verify the wind resource found within an area. MW: megawatt. Unit of turbine capacity. MWh: Megawatt -hour. Unit of energy. Pitch: Blades are turned, or pitched, out of the wind to control the rotor speed and keep the rotor from turning in winds that are too high or too low to produce electricity. Rotor: The blades and the hub together are called the rotor. Net Metering: Feeding of produced energy into the utility grid and selling to utility (runs meter backwards). Net bill to customer is the difference between energy used and energy produced. TERMS & DEFINITIONS (CONT.) Swept Area: Of the rotor is the areE of the circle "swept" by the blades in square met✓rs or square feet. SWCC: Small Wind Certification Co-incil is an independent 3Id-party organization that will begin "certifying" wind turbines in 2009 to a performance, reliability & safety stardard. Tail: Acts like a wind vane on turbines, allowing the wind to position the rotor into the wind. Tower: Towers are made of tubular steel, concrete, or steel lattice. Because wind speed increases with height, taller towers enable turbines to capture more energy anc generate more electricity. Turbine Capacity Factor (CF)—Capacity factor is the energy conversion efficiency cif the turbine. It is dependent upon wind speed vs. the optimum performance characteristics of the turbine (shown on a turbine's performance curve). Wind Power Density (W/m2): The amount of power available from wind at a giver speed. With area (m2) denoting the swepted area of the rotor. Wind Shear: The change in wind ve ocity with elevation above ground (see the 1/7' Rule in Calculations). ROTOR SIZE & HEIGHTS �R F112 ME �S REV 1 2009 • 7 ... 4 S , , A r ,. i,. 4 ' ':; � ❑ .1 Y •-, r � y� .. -- 5 ., _ y. tri � ,^'. - _ _. :...i.' �...._...-.._..._.r:,s....'....s.5...:,....µ..:._.n...w-.w.,..,....� ...ti.... .r.+�w.r.L.�.:�:v.: TERMS & DEFINITIONS Blades: Most turbines have 2-3 blades. Wind blowing over the blades causes the blades to "lift" and rotate. BOS: Balance of System—typically denoting all components other than the turbine, tower, inverters and batteries as applicable. Brake: A disc brake which can be applied mechanically, electrically or hydraulically to stop the rotor in emergencies. Controller: The controller starts up the machine at "cut -in" wind speeds (minimum forces for turbine operation) and shuts off the machine at "cut-out" wind speeds (to prevent damage). Conversion Efficiency: The ratio of output power to input power (e.g. generator) Gear Box: -Gears connect the low -sem shaft to I the high speed shaft and increase the rotational speed to the generator to produce electricity. Generator/Alternator: Typically induction generator to produce 60 -cycle AC electricity. High -Speed Shaft: Drives the generator. Inverter: Converts DC power from wind system to AC power for on-site use or net metering. kW: kilowatt. Unit of turbine capacity. kWh: kilowatt-hour. Unit of energy. Low -Speed Shaft: The rotor turns the low - speed shaft Met Tower: A meteorological tower, with instrumentation, erected to verify the wind resource found within an area. MW: megawatt. Unit of turbine capacity. MWh: Megawatt -hour. Unit of energy. Pitch: Blades are turned, or pitched, out of the wind to control the rotor speed and keep the rotor from turning in winds that are too high or too low to produce electricity. Rotor: The blades and the hub together are called the rotor. Net Metering: Feeding of produced energy into the utility grid and selling to utility (runs meter backwards). Net bill to customer is the difference between energy used and energy produced. TERMS & DEFINITIONS (CONT.) Swept Area: Of the rotor is the areE of the circle "swept" by the blades in square met✓rs or square feet. SWCC: Small Wind Certification Co-incil is an independent 3Id-party organization that will begin "certifying" wind turbines in 2009 to a performance, reliability & safety stardard. Tail: Acts like a wind vane on turbines, allowing the wind to position the rotor into the wind. Tower: Towers are made of tubular steel, concrete, or steel lattice. Because wind speed increases with height, taller towers enable turbines to capture more energy anc generate more electricity. Turbine Capacity Factor (CF)—Capacity factor is the energy conversion efficiency cif the turbine. It is dependent upon wind speed vs. the optimum performance characteristics of the turbine (shown on a turbine's performance curve). Wind Power Density (W/m2): The amount of power available from wind at a giver speed. With area (m2) denoting the swepted area of the rotor. Wind Shear: The change in wind ve ocity with elevation above ground (see the 1/7' Rule in Calculations). ROTOR SIZE & HEIGHTS VERTICAL 8t HORIZONTAL TURBINE „pp TURBINE MARKET SEGMENTS ..r'•. Wind Turbine Market 5egmer[te2ion � `: •.�_ - .^t'`t� 1 T rbineSZeR ger. Applimtio 5 t , �( aatriers 1t.� -;:a_4' •ter: small (<IO kW) A Residential, oR•grltl i Znnkq mtermetllate Ug kw - �. t wmd/dlesel 7 ,•.• 500 IT)' •g, S Intlustrlal i. ,•r � t K ZOZoningkW Large (500 kW - 5 MW) Grld InterconneG � Tran/lNsslm and a¢es; oparaoonal Impacts ,t "("Very Large (>5 MW) * GRshOR grid. + Cables 0 shore, viewshetl; new.,..*i•,'�Interconnect .•�': ._ . ..'regulatory _-. ,•,• TURBINE NOISE LEVELS Sound decreases 4 -fold with every doubling of distance from the turbine hub to the listener (direct diagonal distance). Sound Level Comparison (Sound waveL dialed with dlrtancU teaew loon. le+a•+.D WIND TURBINE LOCATION FOR NOISE Is your rural property , suitable? There are some relatively simple things you can do to assess whether your property is suitable for a small wind turbine. Consider the terrain Turbines generally operate best on: • areas with smooth, steady wind flaws, as opposed to irregular, turbulent ones • gaps, passes, gorges and valleys extending down from mountain ranges • high elevation plains and hilltops, ideally with gentle surrounding contours • exposed ridges and mountain summits • coastlines and Inland strips with minimum wind barriers and vegetation. �R F112 ME =41 VERTICAL 8t HORIZONTAL TURBINE „pp TURBINE MARKET SEGMENTS ..r'•. Wind Turbine Market 5egmer[te2ion � `: •.�_ - .^t'`t� 1 T rbineSZeR ger. Applimtio 5 t , �( aatriers 1t.� -;:a_4' •ter: small (<IO kW) A Residential, oR•grltl i Znnkq mtermetllate Ug kw - �. t wmd/dlesel 7 ,•.• 500 IT)' •g, S Intlustrlal i. ,•r � t K ZOZoningkW Large (500 kW - 5 MW) Grld InterconneG � Tran/lNsslm and a¢es; oparaoonal Impacts ,t "("Very Large (>5 MW) * GRshOR grid. + Cables 0 shore, viewshetl; new.,..*i•,'�Interconnect .•�': ._ . ..'regulatory _-. ,•,• TURBINE NOISE LEVELS Sound decreases 4 -fold with every doubling of distance from the turbine hub to the listener (direct diagonal distance). Sound Level Comparison (Sound waveL dialed with dlrtancU teaew loon. le+a•+.D WIND TURBINE LOCATION FOR NOISE Is your rural property , suitable? There are some relatively simple things you can do to assess whether your property is suitable for a small wind turbine. Consider the terrain Turbines generally operate best on: • areas with smooth, steady wind flaws, as opposed to irregular, turbulent ones • gaps, passes, gorges and valleys extending down from mountain ranges • high elevation plains and hilltops, ideally with gentle surrounding contours • exposed ridges and mountain summits • coastlines and Inland strips with minimum wind barriers and vegetation. i Calculations, Production Variables 81 Wind Power Classifications I (ENERGY PRODUCTION VARIABLES dVIND POWER CLASSIFICATION I Wiring Losses: Roughly 3-5% loss in system performance. end resources are designated in groups called "classes" of wind -anging from Class 1 - 7. Each class denotes an annual average Battery -Based Systems: 10% loss due to need for small trickle charge to maintain float voltage. d SDO NOT MIX BATTERY TYPES. wind speed range (m/s or mph) and wind power density (Watt/m ) or rotor swept area at different hub heights for given locations. Inverter Efficiency: Approximately 85% for battery -based systems; 90% for batteryless systems.. wind Power C4=11Incill9On Capacity Factor (CF)—Should choose turbine for a CF range of 15-35% in the : NN0 ' 0D N7n0ryw wmesoboe• Nwan 6w• given wind regime. Higher CF values used in application calculations are suspect' P Fbte" D•e}b of SDm MWm �Wm and should be checked with manufacturer. 3F& 300.400 &4.7b 14.5.1&7 _ a poop 400.500 7.0 ?A ,&7.16.6 5Ekeee•0 500. 600 76• &0 ,fib. 17.6 Wind Velocity vs. Power—Power density varies as a cube of the wind velocity: a outatanallg 600. aro &o. fib ,7b•,6.7 7 &0a1b 600. 1600 &6. 11.1 1&7. 21.6 P = v3/2 watts er m2 where' = densit of wind 0tpo0es------ anaWoQx"`v""'Z0 w p p p y Because not all wind power density is available for useful work; the maximum power that can be extracted from a wind stream is: - 0.593 PW = the Betz limit Power from the Wind 9W% from Known Data ISM Aeaumo a Ml4wostorn farm eh., wnkh It _lY flat 700% a ea,e'wmaanoercoomaomaatm-atl bmr«oraw en8_0' n yell Woa algli enW.115. mp..(HI 8_0 -ft. wIw wow of 16.6 n N,). 6 D—liatlam 0.1 Pd.0y nloolb(calm water) SOD% whet ennuelavoregeew 0/21mn Yau azpecl at lur0ino Aub nolOM on a 75400i towor (HZ)? CDD% — Ns .Vl-IH Ie• V]-V1IHI ; Vi=15.6 m6tll50 n'la 300% 0.1 Chao rotrlwe or bulll6glnla 700% — 100% 0% 0 M!(RO sptt0 I0De06e . Power [naeaae Yqw iF11Q110[llID4 atm WIIbt a t� >• m ml z! 0 o u ]e lm w sl0wi0TeA10lsroa.A Wind Shear—The 1/7`" Rule (Wind Velocity vs. Elevation Above Ground)— Turbine height is the most important factor in the economic viability of a small wind turbine The increase of wind velocity with elevation (wind shear) is a function of surface roughness, wind speed, and atmospheric stability. It can be approximated by: v(h2) = v(hr) x (h2/h7)117 For more precise calculations: - v(h2) = v(hr) x (h2/hr)' where a= wind shear coefficient *N;?= -L INCREASE IN WIND SPEED OVER A RIDGE 200% 120% 100% 509/6 Rpm 3-2. Vanawn in wind *wd over a ridge- Wind speed inime= rear the 7ammit of a Long ridge l}zng anvt7 rhe r6ind't park. (Baml/e PM.) Llb"ary vePopryriw . . vbPeeny715b -. , Other CRITICAL FACTORS ■ Having good wind resource data—measured at site or local meteorological data (e.g. airport, neighbors small turbine) ■ Turbine selection, size, height & location for local wind regime • Siting and height of turbine for the least impact to flow & lowest turbulence ' • Verification of energy calculations. • Soil studies for adequate foundation/installation design. ENVIRONMENTAL ISSUES • Visual Impacts—siting critical to mitigate • Noise—location of turbines key • Bird/Bat Impacts—minimal concern with small wind turbines MARKET STATUS • Commercially available turbines and BOS. Y Ir Calculating Wind Speed from Known Data Aeaumo a Ml4wostorn farm eh., wnkh It _lY flat Wind -Shear Coefficients a ea,e'wmaanoercoomaomaatm-atl bmr«oraw en8_0' n yell Woa algli enW.115. mp..(HI 8_0 -ft. wIw wow of 16.6 n N,). 6 D—liatlam 0.1 Pd.0y nloolb(calm water) whet ennuelavoregeew 0/21mn Yau azpecl at lur0ino Aub nolOM on a 75400i towor (HZ)? " 0.2Flm grasal9n° or Itwv shrubs Ns .Vl-IH Ie• V]-V1IHI ; Vi=15.6 m6tll50 n'la 0.1 Chao rotrlwe or bulll6glnla 0.5 Vory cl_ to irooa or buildings V:=169 mph 0.6 Surmunaoo by tell woe or bulloingo ENERGY CALCULATIONS Annual Energy Output (AEO) AEO = Power Density X Swept Area X CF X 8760 h/yr = 253 W/mZ X 38.5 m2 X 20% X 8760 h/yr = 17,000 kWh/yr *N;?= -L INCREASE IN WIND SPEED OVER A RIDGE 200% 120% 100% 509/6 Rpm 3-2. Vanawn in wind *wd over a ridge- Wind speed inime= rear the 7ammit of a Long ridge l}zng anvt7 rhe r6ind't park. (Baml/e PM.) Llb"ary vePopryriw . . vbPeeny715b -. , Other CRITICAL FACTORS ■ Having good wind resource data—measured at site or local meteorological data (e.g. airport, neighbors small turbine) ■ Turbine selection, size, height & location for local wind regime • Siting and height of turbine for the least impact to flow & lowest turbulence ' • Verification of energy calculations. • Soil studies for adequate foundation/installation design. ENVIRONMENTAL ISSUES • Visual Impacts—siting critical to mitigate • Noise—location of turbines key • Bird/Bat Impacts—minimal concern with small wind turbines MARKET STATUS • Commercially available turbines and BOS. Y Ir Calculations/Engineering Review ivn /J11 arg/Am.de/fifm IP.mdyeess/mnvr®lado-/maimeco ua{rmriigoJadmmdsaa 7bfJrcoorou�,ar+m�dAee>wddMrW asmywtalm.drarOileroln�frmejrdrodnrmn'sn 71kJbmew•�ibe%.r.m er 'e.E x 1 Zn:AU WIND -POWER CURVES Power Curves for Three Turbines 1 Oermlrry 9pM i WbO Por.. • ARE 442 Pr en 25 -------------------------- t Mm •o—)_ ! i - 0---"oo..a Borpey XLt 0 ' o s ,o ,o zo zs zo a w es Wind Bpwd 00) Wlnd Bpe•d (nft) aW.IPLE SMALL TURBINE SPEC SHEET • = r'� 'RING REVIEW Wind Resource Date—Energy butput is very sensitive to average wind speeds at the site. A • Check commercial availability of key system 10% reduction in wind speed can mean a 30% components (vendor specification sheets must drop in energy output.'� be supplied) Turbine Height—The bottom of the turbine rotor • Verify total system generation capacity (Watts) Q should clear the highest wind obstacle (e.g. roof, •Confirm wind resource measurements & analysis, average annual wind speed and tree) within a 500 ft radius by 30 feet minimum. power density. Use NREL data. Actual site Independent Structural Analysis— measurements and analysis for 12 months Independent analysis of the tower and it's ideal. foundation are1vailable from the manufacturer. . Confirm turbine/inverter sizing. Check the Requiring additional studies is unnecessary and inverter manufacturer specification sheet. cost prohibitive for the owner. Turbines are • Verify the system design contains all key engineered to withstand hurricane force winds components and that they are adequately. (110-120 mph). -` sized for the generation capacity (turbine, Aesthetics—Aesthetic impacts of turbines may conductors (w/ sizing), overcurrent protection, be unacceptable in historically significant areas. charge controllers, disconnects, batteries, Zoning laws must be checked. inverters, grounding, safety signage) . Verify energy production calculations and Utility Outages—Turbines and/or inverters are derating factors. designed to shut down automatically during utility • Review system installation and mounting outages and will not energize a dead power line. methods. Over -Speed Protection—Turbines are • Confirm adequacy of O&M and equipped with manual and autornatic over -speed decommissioning procedures. protection devices to keep the turbine operating • Confirm system installed cost ($/kW) is within within a controlled range of speeds. a reasonable range. OL Electrical Safety/Permitting—The applicant • Calculate simple payback using stated utility rate, system costs minus any stated must submit a line diagram of the electrical incentives/tax rebates, and calculated energy , components, with sufficient deta?I, to the local production. zoning board for determination of whether the . Confirm zoning allows for turbine of height proposed installation method conforms to code specified with indicated setbacks & noise requirements. restrictions. MAINTENANCE REQUIREMENTS • Confirm turbine meets FAA requirements for • Tighten bolts to specific tightness on hub, height & lighting if near airports or air strips. generator suspension and nac?Ile. • Check that the installer confirmed local soil • Inspect airfoils for cracks & report any conditions meet the minimum requirements of immediately, noting type & severity. the turbine/tower manufacturer for the • Check brake pads, replace if ri=cessary. foundation design specified. For turbines >20 • Change oil filters, lubricate hub axle, yawing kW, require a soil analysis & engineers stamp. mechanism, generator & transmission. • Check oil level in transmission'(take oil sample • • and send for analysis. �� The following are common misconceptions • Check starting current of generator. about small wind: • Check overspeed safeguards (aerodynamic . Shadow "flicker" brakes &mechanical breaks). I • Fences/attractive nuisance • Check cables, sensors, generator cooling fan. . Birds/bats • Clean area thoroughly. i • "Icing" APPLICABLE ELECTRICAL CODES • Electrical signal interference • IEEE 1547 �I • Lightning strikes • UL 1741 i • Stray voltage Installation l WORM, ,. • s��: //X. I i k tions/Engineering Review D WIND SYSTEM W/ RATITE _ �j'�''L � . � 016 .���1. -._•..� ©, Lam, plp�ll��� •.yN yII A'ell h 9 h l'�9 �frfy�- J WIND RESOURCE Interpreting a Wind Rose A .a,e xaas Sin. mfafwtlon •� mom th� .md ll Hd b.samor of Mea N." .x. nam vorl— dbe . ms m�tn r .m -.pad• ath.adatxnl to ro. b•4°eoo7 In dme ro@ tH Mod [IoM baa oanp.tl or atr•adan lr xH rA E fill xmmo ado r.pn.aa. a dtb.eat Un, onto I. mo m roo .arta to th . el b 4aQ1tlH �. - aemA r�e atn• .x. •n Mna to aatamm- ro• prel .nnd loam". ••A ,n ;� •. Ho baw•m7. In M. pal i! . ouoq•A pr.Idmg bind. creme H can the aaarama•a 0 BYe•a/ fMet. l�tGi-1�(�8D6 GRID -TIED WIND SYSTEM W_ /O BA Lola ..u�wn:.°nxrormn u.-v,;,dT.,, '� °TYPICAL GRID DIRECT;,WIND SYSTEM 7 �Kill154a.m.uro A,mtar OTd� 10-p. FAA SITING REQUIREMENTS ..... �'�. ^— Other ne 3 EM DESIGN REVIEW CALCULATIONS I • • • - Gfartrojfor aAaAan otundturn that rtpWo FAA nwIlFartm and ill The VUn'd Farmers Network is a discussion forum A;ll 7lu, of omfrca fAAnmMeeftt.et .A;,Fpnm.ttAen.�an.a�tm:d�s7aop,wyx.nawp:SAW � Rot for those interested in wind power to exchange. 1vlannwna mm0ar A2ro/lbgx.t4 mhsexsdt idea�`�a d'iinnformation about wind power resources, economics, technology, and how to develop a wind project. t /www.windust r.com/networks/Wnd-farmers- 'k/wind=farmers-network Dataaffo-rrGIS'software for wind, solar, biomass and transmisslon line resource assessments. nrel. ov/ is/data anal sis.html Information:on state activities for wind PICTORIAL EXAMPLES OF 1 SYSTEMS rel. ov/ is/data anal sis.html ral• Im.Y Wind'resource data mapping. ma serve2.nrel. ov/website/Resource Atlas 11 117a I M Mr, ME Wind resource data mapping. Costs/Financials ator.awstruewind.com/ (ROUGH PATIOS) LIFE CYCLE • - - • Installation = ?%'cost 10-15 years (last much longer) urbine = ?%"of cost Wind Powering America supports state and Native ower = 50°io f cost t American anemometer loan programs. _ g� Engineering - 5 /o,o•*f cost Anemometer data can help businesses, &M = $15'x$30/MWhtyr developers, farmers, ranchers, and homeowners jam¢ determine if there is enough wind energy at their Total Installed Cost = $1,000`-- $2,500/kWatt (Community Scale) site to invest in a wind turbine. _ $2'500 - $10,000/kWatt (Small Scale) www.windpowering6merica.gov/anemometer s.as Iwww.wind owerin america. ov/ria anemom (Total Installed System cost) + (Annual O&M X Equip Life) —T s (Ann'ual'System kWh generation) X (Utility Rate $/kWh) For a 10W midentiakcale turbine Minimum wire sizing calculator Tcwer VFind ItWh/year Syster.! Incremental Incrememal Inowemal height speed cost cost from energy energy elE C- (Poet) (mph) 60' output from Incremental culators/voltdrop.htm 60 cost Rot 60 7.3 2 709 48 665 80 9.3 6.136 $49,841 $1176 or 226% 226%. 2.4% 2.4% - 94 to 1 R01 loo 10.7 9,338 $51,346 $2681 or 344% 344% + S.S% -Toy /fa /sa rillo 5.'% - 63 to 901 - RCmm on investment M11kAL .Ib AVIEA WL"11ene, 2.—V 2006 �1 F s t��7; ���• i •l f ,' �k i 7- �.x ��• Y �j � • - t (y y y6. ' . ,U.S. Department ADVISORY'' of Transportation,':,. t Federal Aviation CIRCULAR Administration AC 70/7460-1K' Obstruction :Marking and Lighting t • TM num =..,M1+ r • , �^ unlM1 rocntle0 • tlopontle tln Intl - OmW�wyt�ol M. � � • t � • ' mora ' •7 7-1 Men 2608177 mor 11IF 7m1 � � - ,i • . 1 f - • it wpin:n.no. e.rooamt .. vo roa taml • ! . . i+ y - 220D'e' , (7371n-871 m) • �� loal m uvn aoonl ,�mma�nn aq„p ) ra,e w.mm. m•v �.name,.wn rmn R.>N 1101'-1784 - (310n-427m) 701'-IQW ') •, , 1 (21.!,11320m) SOI'-780' r ' Effective: 2/1/07 , 'y Initiated by: System Operations Services ,. ' 1 Subject: CHANGE 2 TO OBSTRUCTION Date: '2/1/07. AC No.:, 70/7460-1 K MARKING AND LIGHTING Initiated by: AJR-33 Change: 2 1. PURPOSE. This change amends the Federal Aviation Administration's standards for marking and lighting structures to promote aviation safety. The change number and date of the change material are located at the top of the page. 2. EFFECTIVE DATE. This change is effective February 1, 2007. 3. EXPLANATION OF CHANGES: a. Table of Contents. Change pages i through iii. b. Page 1. Paragraph 1. Reporting Requirements. Incorporafed the word "Title" s, in -reference to the 14.Code of Federal Regulations (14 CFR, part 77)., FAA 'Regional Air Traffic Division office to read Obstruction Evaluation service (OES). FAA website to read http://oeaaa.faa.%zov. c. Page 1. Paragraph 4. Supplemental Notice Requirement (subpart b). FAA Regional Air Traffic Division office to read OES. d. Page 1. Paragraph 5. Modifications and Deviations (subpart a).. FAA Regional Air Traffic Division office to read OES. e. Page 1. Paragraph 5. Modifications and Deviations (subpart c). FAA Regional office to read OES. f. Page 2. Paragraph 5. Modifications and Deviations (subpart d). Removed period to create one sentence. g. Page 2. Paragraph 7.' Metric Units. And to read however. h. Page 3. Paragraph 23. Light Failure Notification (subpart b)..Nearest to read appropriate. FAA's website to read web. Website www.faa.gov/ats/ata/ata400 to read http://www.afss.com. ; i. Page 4. Paragraph 24. Notification of Restoration. Removed AFSS. j. Page 5. Paragraph 32. Paint Standards.' Removed a comma after "Since". k. Page 5. Paragraph 33. Paint Patterns (subpart'd: Alternate Bands): Removed number 6. Number 7 to read number 6. 1. Page 9. Paragraph 41. Standards. TASC to read OTS. SVC -121.23 to read M-30. m. Page 14. Paragraph 55. Wind Turbine Structures. Removed. The paragraph numbers that follow have been changed accordingly. n. Page 18. Paragraph 65. Wind Turbine Structures. Removed. The paragraph numbers that follow have been changed accordingly. o. Page 20. Paragraph 77: Radio and Television Towers and Similar Skeletal' Structures. Excluding to read including. p. Page 23. Paragraph 85. Wind Turbine Structures. Removed. The paragraph number that follows has been changed accordingly. q. Page 33-34. Chapter 13. Marking and Lighting Wind Turbine Farms. ; Added. ; r. Page Al -3. Appendix 1. Verbiage removed'under frst structure. ' Nancy B. Kalinowski Director, System Operations Airspace and Aeronautical Information Management i. PAGE CONTROL CHART 7 AC 70/7460-1K CHG 2 Remove Pages Dated Insert Pages Dated i through iii 8/1/00 i through iii 1/1/07 • 1-5 8/1/00 1-5 1/1/07 9 3/1/00 9 ' 1/1/07 14' 3/1/00 14 1/1/07 18-34 3/1/00 18-34 1/1/07 Al-3 8/1/00 A1-3 1/1/07 'Y • u 2/1/07 AC 70/7460-1 K CHG 2 TABLE OF CONTENTS CHAPTER 1. ADMINISTRATIVE AND GENERAL PROCEDURES 1. REPORTING REQUIREMENTS......................................................................................................................................... 1 2. PRECONSTRUCTION NOTICE.......................................................................................................................................... 1 3. FAA ACKNOWLEDGEMENT............................................................................................................................................. 1 4. SUPPLEMENTAL NOTICE REQUIREMENT.................................................................................................................. 1 5. MODIFICATIONS AND DEVIATIONS.............................................................................................................................. 1 6. ADDITIONAL NOTIFICATION.......................................................::................................................................................. 2 7. METRIC UNITS..................................................................................................................................................................... 2 CHAPTER 2. GENERAL 20. STRUCTURES TO BE MARKED AND LIGHTED......................................................................................................... 3 21. GUYED STRUCTURES.........................................................................:............................................................................. 3 22. MARKING AND LIGHTING EQUIPMENT.................................................................................................................... 3 23. LIGHT FAILURE NOTIFICATION.................................................................................................................................. 3 24. NOTIFICATION OF RESTORATION.............................................................................................................................. 4 25. FCC REQUIREMENT.........................................................................................................................................................4 CHAPTER 3. MARKING GUIDELINES 30. PURPOSE............................................................................................................................................................................... 5 31. PAINT COLORS................................................................................................................................................................... 5 32. PAINT STANDARDS........................................................................................................................................................... 5 33. PAINT PATTERNS.............................................................................................................................................................. 5 34. MARKERS.............................................................................................................................................................................6 35. UNUSUAL COMPLEXITIES.............................................................................................................................................. 7 36. OMISSION OR ALTERNATIVES TO MARKING.......................................................................................................... 7 CHAPTER 4. LIGHTING GUIDELINE 40. PURPOSE.............................................................................................................................................................................. 9 41. STANDARDS..................................................................................................................................................:......................9 42. LIGHTING SYSTEMS......................................................................................................................................................... 9 43. CATENARY LIGHTING................................................................................................................................................... 10 44. INSPECTION, REPAIR AND MAINTENANCE............................................................................................................ 10 45. NONSTANDARD LIGHTS................................................................................................................................................ 10 46. PLACEMENT FACTORS....................................................................:............................................................................. 10 47. MONITORING OBSTRUCTION LIGHTS..................................................................................................................... 11 48. ICE SHI:ELDS...................................................................................................................................................................... 11 49. DISTRACTION...................................................................................................................................................................11 CHAPTER 5. RED OBSTRUCTION LIGHT SYSTEM 50. PURPOSE............................................................................................................................................................................ 13 51. STANDARDS.......................................................................................................................................................................13 52. CONTROL DEVICE.......................................................................................................................................................... 13 53. POLES, TOWERS, AND SIMILAR SKELETAL STRUCTURES............................................................................... 13 54. CHIMNEYS, FLARE STACKS, AND SIMILAR SOLID STRUCTURES................................................................... 14 55. GROUP OF OBSTRUCTIONS.......................................................................................................................................... 14 56. ALTERNATE METHOD OF DISPLAYING OBSTRUCTION LIGHTS.................................................................... 15 57. PROMINENT BUILDINGS, BRIDGES, AND SIMILAR EXTENSIVE OBSTRUCTIONS ...................................... 15 Table of Contents i AC 70/7460-1K CHG 2 2/1/07 CHAPTER 6. MEDIUM INTENSITY FLASHING WHITE OBSTRUCTION LIGHT SYSTEMS 60. PURPOSE............................................................................................................................................................................ 17 61. STANDARDS....................................................................................................................................................................... 17 62. RADIO AND TELEVISION TOWERS AND SIMILAR SKELETAL STRUCTURES .............................................. 17 63. CONTROL DEVICE.......................................................................................................................................................... 17 64. CHIMNEYS, FLARE STACKS, AND SIMILAR SOLID STRUCTURES................................................................... 18 65. GROUP OF OBSTRUCTIONS.......................................................................................................................................... 18 66. SPECIAL CASES................................................................................................................................................................ 18 67. PROMINENT BUILDINGS AND SIMILAR EXTENSIVE OBSTRUCTIONS.......................................................... 18 CHAPTER 7. HIGH INTENSITY FLASHING WHITE OBSTRUCTION LIGHT SYSTEMS 70. PURPOSE............................................................................................................................................................................ 19 71. STANDARDS........................................................................................................................................................................ 19 72. CONTROL DEVICE.......................................................................................................................................................... 19 73. UNITS PER LEVEL........................................................................................................................................................... 19 74. INSTALLATION GUIDANCE.......................................................................................................................................... 19 75. ANTENNA OR SIMILAR APPURTENANCE LIGHT.................................................................................................. 20 76. CHIMNEYS, FLARE STACKS, AND SIMILAR SOLID STRUCTURES................................................................... 20 77. RADIO AND TELEVISION TOWERS AND SIMILAR SKELETAL STRUCTURES .............................................. 20 78. HYPERBOLIC COOLING TOWERS.............................................................................................................................. 20 79. PROMINENT BUILDINGS AND SIMILAR EXTENSIVE OBSTRUCTIONS.......................................................... 21 CHAPTER 8. DUAL LIGHTING WITH RED/MEDIUM INTENSITY FLASHING WHITE SYSTEMS 80. PURPOSE............................................................................................................................................................................ 23 81. INSTALLATION................................................................................................................................................................ 23 82. OPERATION....................................................................................................................................................................... 23 83. CONTROL DEVICE.......................................................................................................................................................... 23 84. ANTENNA OR SIMILAR APPURTENANCE LIGHT.................................................................................................. 23 85. OMISSION OF MARKING............................................................................................................................................... 23 CHAPTER 9. DUAL LIGHTING WITH RED/HIGH INTENSITY FLASHING WHITE SYSTEMS 90. PURPOSE............................................................................................................................................................................ 25 91. INSTALLATION................................................................................................................................................................ 25 92. OPERATION....................................................................................................................................................................... 25 93. CONTROL DEVICE.......................................................................................................................................................... 25 94. ANTENNA OR SIMILAR APPURTENANCE LIGHT.................................................................................................. 25 95. OMISSION OF MARKING............................................................................................................................................... 25 CHAPTER 10. MARKING AND LIGHTING OF CATENARY AND CATENARY SUPPORT STRUCTURES 100. PURPOSE.......................................................................................................................................................................... 27 101. CATENARY MARKING STANDARDS........................................................................................................................ 27 102. CATENARY LIGHTING STANDARDS........................................................................................................................ 27 103. CONTROL DEVICE........................................................................................................................................................ 28 104. AREA SURROUNDING CATENARY SUPPORT STRUCTURES............................................................................ 28 105. THREE OR MORE CATENARY SUPPORT STRUCTURES.................................................................................... 28 Table of Contents Table of Contents 2/1/07 AC 70/7460 -IK CHG 2 CHAPTER 11. MARKING AND LIGHTING MOORED BALLOONS AND KITES 110. PURPOSE .......................................................................................................................................................................... 29 111. STANDARDS ...................................................................................................................................................................... 29 112. MARKING ......................................................................................................................................................................... 29 113. PURPOSE ........................................................................................... 1; .............................................................................. 29 114. OPERATIONAL CHARACTERISTICS ........................................................................................................................ 29 CHAPTER 12. MARKING AND LIGHTING EQUIPMENT AND INFORMATION 120. PURPOSE ........................................................................................................................................................................... 31 121. PAINT STANDARD .......................................................................................................................................................... 31 122. AVAILABILITY OF SPECIFICATIONS ....................................................................................................................... 31 123. LIGHTS AND ASSOCIATED EQUIPMENT ................................. 31 124. AVAILABILITY ......................... :—*—*****"* ........................................................................................................................ 32 CHAPTER 13. MARKING AND LIGHTING WIND TURBINE FARMS' 130. PURPOSE 33. .. 131. GENERAL STANDARDS................................................................ . .............................................................................. 33 132. WIND TURBINE CONFIGURATIONS ........................................... .............................................................................. 33 133. MARKING STANDARDS ................................................................ ............................................................................... 33 134. LIGHTING STANDARDS ............................................................................................................................................... 33 APPENDIX 1: SPECIFICATIONS FOR OBSTRUCTION LIGHTING EQUIPMENT CLASSIFICATION APPENDIX................................................................................................. ................. o AI -2 APPENDIX 2. MISCELLANEOUS 1. RATIONALE FOR OBSTRUCTION LIGHT INTENSITIES ..................................................................................... A2-1 2. DISTANCE VERSUS INTENSITIES . ............................................................................................................................. A2-1 3. CONCLUSION ...................................................................................... ..... , A2-1 ;*********************************************************""******** 4. DEFINITIONS ................................................................................................................................................................... A2-1 5. LIGHTING SYSTEM CONFIGURATION. ...................................... ........................................................................... A2-2 Table of Contents 2/1/07 AC 70/7460-1K CHG 2 -CHAPTER 1. ADMINISTRATIVE AND GENERAL PROCEDURES 1. REPORTING REQUIREMENTS 5. MODIFICATIONS AND DEVIATIONS A sponsor proposing any type of construction or alteration of a structure that may affect the National Airspace System (NAS) is required under the provisions of Title 14 Code of Federal Regulations (14 CFR part 77) to notify the FAA by completing the Notice of Proposed Construction or Alteration form (FAA Form 7460-1). The form should be sent to the Obstruction Evaluation service (OES). Copies of FAA Form 7460-1 may be obtained from OES, Airports District Office or FAA Website at http : //o a aaa. faa. go v . 2. PRECONSTRUCTION NOTICE The notice must be submitted: a. At least 30 days prior to the date of proposed construction or alteration is to begin. b. On or before the date an application for a construction permit is filed with the Federal Communications Commission (FCC). (The FCC advises its applicants to file with the FAA well in advance of the 30 -day period in order to expedite FCC processing.) 3. FAA ACKNOWLEDGEMENT The FAA will acknowledge, in writing, receipt of each FAA Form 7460-1 notice received. 4. SUPPLEMENTAL NOTICE REQUIREMENT a. If required, the FAA will include a FAA Form 7460-2, Notice of Actual Construction or Alteration, with a determination. b. FAA Form 7460-2 Part I is to be completed and sent to the FAA at least 48 hours prior to starting the actual construction or alteration of a structure. Additionally, Part 2 shall be submitted no later than 5 days after the structure has reached its greatest height. The form should be sent to the OES. C. In addition, supplemental notice shall be submitted upon abandonment of construction'. d.' Letters are acceptable , in cases where the construction/alieration, is temporary or a proposal is abandoned:' .'This notification process is designed to permit the FAA the necessary time to change affected procedures and/or minimum flight altitudes, and to otherwise alert airmen of the structure's presence. Note - NOTIFICATION AS REQUIRED IN THE DETERMINATION IS CRITICAL TO AVIATION SAFETY. a. Requests for modification or deviation.from the standards outlined in this AC must be submitted to the OES. The sponsor is responsible for adhering to approved marking and/or lighting limitations, and/or recommendations given, and, should notify the FAA and FCC (for those structures regulated by' the FCC) prior to removal of marking and/or lighting. ; A - request' received after a determination is issued may require a new study and could result in a new determination. b. Modifications. Modifications will be based on whether or not they impact aviation safety. Examples of modifications that may be considered: 1. Marking and/or Lighting Only d Portion of, an Object. The object may be so located with respect to other objects or terrain that only a portion of it needs to be marked or lighted. - 2. No Marking' and/or Lighting. The object may be so located with respect to other objects or terrain, removed from the general flow of air traffic, or may be so conspicuous by its shape, size, or color that marking or lighting would serve no useful purpose. 3. Voluntary Marking andlor Lighting. The', object may be so located with respect to other objects or terrain that the sponsor feels increased conspicuity would better serve aviation safety. Sponsors who desire to voluntarily mark and/or light their structure should request the proper marking and/or lighting from the FAA to ensure no aviation safety issues are impacted. 4. Marking or Lighting an Object in Accordance with the Standards for an Object of Greater Height or Size. The object may present such an extraordinary hazard potential that higher standards may be recommended for increased conspicuity to ensure the safety to air navigation. c. Deviations. The OES conducts an aeronautical study of the proposed deviation(s) 'and forwards its . recommendation to FAA . ',headquarters 'in Washington, DC, for final approval. Examples of deviations that may be considered: 1. Colors of objects. 2. Dimensions of color bands or rectangles. 3. Colors/types of lights. 4. Basic signals and intensity of lighting. Chap 1 1 AC 70/7460-1K CHG 2 2/1/07 5. Night/day lighting combinations. authorization and annotations of obstruction marking 6. Flash rate. and lighting. These structures will be subject to inspection and enforcement of marking and lighting d. The FAA strongly recommends that owners requirements by the FCC. FCC Forms and Bulletins become familiar with the different types of lighting can be obtained from the FCC's National Call Center systems and to specifically request the type of at 1 -888 -CALL -FCC (1-888-225-5322). Upon lighting system desired when submitting FAA Form completion of the actual change, notify the 7460-1. (This request should be noted in "item 2.D" Aeronautical Charting office at: of the FAA form.) Information on these systems can be found in Chapter 12, Table 4 of this AC. While NOAAMOS the.FAA will make every effort to accommodate the il Aeronautical Charting Division structure sponsor's request, sponsors should also Station 5601, N/ACCT 13 request information from system manufacturers in order to determine which system best meets their 1305 East-West Highway needs based on , purpose, installation, and Silver Spring, MD 20910-3233 maintenance costs. 7. METRIC UNITS 6. ADDITIONAL NOTIFICATION To promote an' orderly transition to metric units, Sponsors are reminded that any change to the sponsors should include both English and metric (SI submitted information on which the FAA has based units) `dimensions. The metric conversions may not its determination, including modification, deviation be exact equivalents, however, until there is an or optional upgrade to white lighting on structures official changeover to the metric system, the English which are regulated by the FCC, must also be filed dimensions will govern. with the FCC prior to making the change for proper s 2/1/07 AC 70/7460-1K CHG 2 CHAPTER 2. GENERAL 20. STRUCTURES TO BE MARKED AND to identify an obstruction to air navigation and may, LIGHTED on occasion be recommended, the FAA will' Any temporary or permanent structure, including all recommend minimum standards in the interest of appurtenances, that exceeds an overall height of 200 safety; economy, and related concerns. Therefore, to feet (61 m) above ground level (AGL) or exceeds any provide an adequate level of safety, obstruction obstruction standard contained in 14 CFR part 77, lighting systems should be installed, operated, and should normally be marked and/or lighted. However, maintained in accordance with the recommended an FAA aeronautical study may reveal that the standards herein. absence of marking and/or lighting will not impair 23. LIGHT FAILURE NOTIFICATION aviation safety. Conversely, the object may present a. Sponsors should keep in mind that conspicuity is such an extraordinary hazard potential that higher achieved only when all recommended lights are standards may be recommended for increased working. Partial equipment outages decrease the conspicuity to ensure safety to air navigation. margin of safety. Any outage should be corrected as Normally outside commercial lighting is not soon as possible. Failure of a steady burning side or considered sufficient reason to omit recommended intermediate light should be corrected as soon as marking and/or lighting. Recommendations on possible, but notification is not required. marking and/or lighting structures can vary b. Any failure or malfunction that lasts more than depending on terrain features, weather patterns, thirty (30) minutes and affects a top light or flashing geographic location, and in the case of wind turbines, obstruction light, regardless of its position, should be number of structures and overall layout of design. reported immediately to the appropriate flight service The FAA may also recommend marking and/or station (FSS) so a Notice to Airmen (NOTAM) can lighting a structure that does not exceed 200 (61m) be issued. Toll-free numbers for FSS are listed in feet AGL or 14 CFR part 77 standards because of its most telephone books or on the web at particular location. http://www.afss.com. This report should contain the 21. GUYED STRUCTURES following information: The guys of a 2,000 -foot (610m) skeletal tower are anchored from 1,600 feet (488m) to 2,000 feet (610m) from the base of the structure. This places a portion of the guys 1,500 feet (458m) from the tower at a height of between 125 feet (38m) to 500 feet (153m) AGL. 14 CFR part 91, section 119, requires pilots, when operating over other than congested areas, to remain at least 500 feet (153m) from man- made structures. Therefore, the tower must be cleared by 2,000 feet (610m) horizontally to avoid all guy wires. Properly maintained marking and lighting are important for increased conspicuity since the guys of a structure are difficult to see until aircraft are dangerously close. 22. MARKING AND LIGHTING EQUIPMENT Considerable effort and research have been expended in determining the minimum marking and lighting systems or quality of materials that will produce an acceptable level of safety to air navigation. The FAA will recommend the use of only those marking and lighting systems that meet established technical standards. While additional lights may be desirable 1'. Name of persons or organizations reporting light failures including any title, address, and telephone number. 2. The type of structure. 3. Location of structure (including latitude and longitude, if known, prominent structures, landmarks, etc.). 4. Height of structure above ground level (AGL)/above mean sea level (AMSL), if known. 5. A return to service date 6. FCC Antenna Registration Number (for structures that are regulated by the FCC). Note- /. When the primary lamp in a double obstruction light fails, and the secondary lamp comes on, no report is required. However, when one of the lamps in an incandescent L-864 flashing red beacon fails, it should be reported. 2. After 15 days, the NOTAM is automatically deleted from the system. The sponsor is responsible for calling the nearest FSS to extend the outage, date or to report a return to service date. Chap 2 3 AC 70/7460-1K CHG 2 2/1/07 24. NOTIFICATION OF RESTORATION 25. FCC REQUIREMENT As soon as normal operation is restored, notify the FCC licensees are required to file an environmental same FSS that received the notification of failure. assessment with the Commission when seeking The FCC advises that noncompliance with authorization for the use of the high intensity flashing notification procedures could subject its sponsor to white � lighting system on structures located in penalties or monetary forfeitures. residential neighborhoods, as defined by the applicable zoning law. a �I n I; I, ti a r I it p 4� Chap 2 2/1/07 AC 70/7460-1K CHG 2 CHAPTER 3. MARKING GUIDLINES 30. PURPOSE This chapter provides recommended guidelines to make certain structures conspicuous to pilots during daylight hours. One way of achieving this conspicuity is by painting and/or marking these structures. Recommendations on marking structures can vary depending on terrain features, weather patterns, geographic location, and in the case of wind turbines, number of structures and overall layout of design. 31. PAINT COLORS Alternate sections of aviation orange and white paint should be used as they provide maximum visibility of an obstruction by contrast in colors. 32. PAINT STANDARDS The following standards should be followed. To be effective, the paint used should meet specific color requirements when freshly applied to a structure. Since all outdoor paints deteriorate with time and it is not practical to give a maintenance schedule for all climates, surfaces should be repainted when the color changes noticeably or its effectiveness is reduced by scaling, oxidation, chipping, or layers of contamination. a. Materials and Application. Quality paint and materials should be selected to provide extra years of service. The paint should be compatible with the surfaces to be painted, including any previous coatings, and suitable for the environmental conditions. Surface preparation and paint application should be in accordance with manufacturer's recommendations. Note - In -Service Aviation Orange Color Tolerance Charts are available from private suppliers for determining when repainting is required. The color should be sampled on the upper half of the structure, since weathering is greater there. b. Surfaces Not Requiring Paint. Ladders, decks, and walkways of steel towers and similar structures need not be painted if a smooth surface presents a potential hazard to maintenance personnel. Paint may also be omitted from precision or critical surfaces if it would have an adverse effect on the transmission or radiation characteristics of a signal. However, the overall marking effect of the structure should not be reduced. C. Skeletal Structures. Complete all marking/painting prior to or immediately upon completion of construction. This applies to catenary support structures, radio and television towers, and similar skeletal structures. To be effective, paint should be applied to all inner and outer surfaces of the framework. 33. PAINT PATTERNS Paint patterns of various types are used to mark structures. The pattern to be used is determined by the size and shape of the structure. The following patterns are recommended. a. Solid Pattern. Obstacles should be colored aviation orange if the structure has both horizontal and vertical dimensions not exceeding 10.5 feet (3.2m). b. Checkerboard Pattern. Alternating rectangles of aviation orange and white are normally displayed on the following structures: 1. Water, gas, and grain storage tanks. 2. Buildings, as required. 3. Large structures exceeding 10.5 feet (3.2m) across having a horizontal dimension that is equal to or greater than the vertical dimension. . c. Size of Patterns. Sides of the checkerboard pattern should measure not less than 5 feet (1.5m) or more than 20 feet (6m) and should be as nearly square as possible. However, if it is impractical because of the size or shape of a structure, the patterns may have sides less than 5 feet (1.5m). When possible, corner surfaces should be colored orange. d. Alternate Bands. Alternate bands of aviation orange and white are normally displayed on the following structures: 1. Communication towers and catenary support structures. 2. Poles. 3. Smokestacks. 4. Skeletal framework of storage tanks and similar structures. 5. Structures which appear narrow from a side view, that are 10.5 feet (3.2m) or more across and the horizontal dimension is. less than the vertical dimension. 6. Coaxial cable, conduits, and other cables attached to the face of a tower. Chap 3 5 AC 70/7460-1K 03/1/00 e. Color Band Characteristics. Bands for i. Teardrop Pattern. Spherical water storage tanks structures of any height should be: with a single circular standpipe support may be 1. Equal in width, provided each band is not less marked in a teardrop -striped pattern. The tank should than 11/2 feet (0.5m) or more than. 100 feet (31 m) show alternate stripes of aviation orange and white. wide. The stripes should extend from the top center of the tank to its supporting standpipe. The width of the 2. Perpendicular to the vertical axis with the stripes should be equal, and the width of each stripe bands at the top and bottom ends colored orange. .at the greatest girth of the tank should not be less than 3. An odd number of bands on the structure. 5 feet (1.5m) nor more than 15 feet (4.6m). 4. Approximately one-seventh the height if the j. Community Names. If it is desirable to paint the structure is 700 feet (214m) AGL or less. For each name of the community on the side of a tank, the additional 200 feet (61 m) or fraction thereof, add one stripe pattern may be broken to serve this purpose. (1) additional orange and one (1) additional white This open area should have a maximum height of 3 band. feet (0.9m). 5. Equal and in proportion to the structure's height AGL. Structure Height to Bandwidth Ratio Example: If a Structure is: Greater Than But Not More Band Width Than 10.5 feet 700 feet 1/7 of height (3.2m) (214m) 701 feet 900 feet 1/9 of height (214m) (275m) 901 feet 1,100 feet 111 of height (275m) (336m) 1,100 feet 1,300 feet 1/13 of height (336m) (397m) TBL 7 f. Structures With a Cover or. Roof. If the structure has a cover or roof, the highest orange band should be continued to cover the entire top of the structure. g. Skeletal Structures Atop Buildings. If a flagpole, skeletal structure, or similar object is erected on top of a building, the combined height of the object and building will determine whether marking is recommended; however, only the height of the object under study determines the width of the color bands. h. Partial Marking. If marking is recommended for only a portion of a structure because of shielding by other objects or terrain, the width of the bands should be determined by the overall height of the structure. A minimum of three bands should be displayed on the upper portion of the structure. k. Exceptions. Structural designs not conducive to standard markings may be marked as follows: 1. If it is not practical to color the roof of a structure in a checkerboard pattern, it may be colored solid orange. 2. If a spherical structure is not suitable for an exact checkerboard pattern, the shape of the rectangles may be modified to fit the shape of the surface. 3. Storage tanks not suitable for a checkerboard;; pattern may be colored by alternating bands of aviation orange and white or a limited checkerboard pattern applied to the upper one-third of the structure. 4. The skeletal framework of certain water, gas, and grain storage tanks may be excluded from the checkerboard pattern. 34. MARKERS Markers are used to highlight structures when it is impractical to make them conspicuous by painting. Markers may also be used in addition to aviation orange and white paint when additional conspicuity is necessary for aviation safety. They should be displayed in conspicuous positions on or adjacent to the structures so as to retain the general definition of the structure. They should be recognizable in clear air from a distance of at least 4,000 feet (1219m) and in all directions from which aircraft are likely to approach. Markers should be distinctively shaped, i.e., spherical or cylindrical, so they are not mistaken for items that are used to convey other information. They should be replaced when faded or otherwise deteriorated. 6 Chap 3 8/1/00 a. Spherical Markers. Spherical markers are used to identify overhead wires. Markers may be of another shape, i.e., cylindrical, provided the projected area of such markers will not be less than that presented by a spherical marker. 1. Size and Color. The diameter of the markers used on extensive catenary wires across canyons, lakes, rivers, etc., should be not less than 36 inches (91 cm). Smaller 20 -inch (51cm) spheres are permitted on less extensive power lines or on power lines below 50 feet (15m) above the ground and within 1,500 feet (458m) of an airport runway end. Each marker should be a solid color such as aviation orange, white, or yellow. 2. Installations. (a) Spacing. Markers should be spaced equally along the wire at intervals of approximately 200 feet (61m) or a fraction thereof. Intervals between markers should be less in critical areas near runway ends (i.e., 30 to 50 feet (1 Om to 15m)). They should be displayed on the highest wire or by another means at the same height as the highest wire. Where there is more than one wire at the highest point, the markers may be installed alternately along each wire if the distance between adjacent markers meets the spacing standard. This method allows the weight and wind loading factors to be distributed. (b) Pattern. An alternating color scheme provides the most conspicuity against all backgrounds. Mark overhead wires by alternating solid colored markers of aviation orange, white, and yellow. Normally, an orange sphere is placed at each end of a line and the spacing is adjusted (not to exceed 200 feet (61m)) to accommodate the rest of the markers. When less than four markers are used, they should all be aviation orange. b. Flag Markers. Flags are used to mark certain structures or objects when it is technically impractical to use spherical markers or painting. Some examples are temporary construction equipment, cranes, derricks, oil and other drilling rigs. Catenaries should use spherical markers. 1. Minimum Size. Each side of the flag marker should be at least 2 feet (0.6m) in length. 2. Color Patterns. Flags should be colored as follows: (a) Solid. Aviation orange. AC 70/7460-1 K CHG 1 (b) Orange and White. Arrange two triangular sections, one aviation orange and the other white to form a rectangle. (c) Checkerboard. Flags 3 feet (0.9m) or larger should be a checkerboard pattern of aviation orange and white squares, each 1 foot (0.3m) plus or minus 10 percent. 3. Shape. Flags should be rectangular in shape and have stiffeners to keep them from drooping in calm wind. 4. Display. Flag markers should be displayed around, on top, or along the highest edge of the obstruction. When flags are used to mark extensive or closely grouped obstructions, they should be displayed approximately 50 feet (15m) apart. The flag stakes should be of such strength and height that they will support the flags above all surrounding ground, structures, and/or objects of natural growth. 35. UNUSUAL COMPLEXITIES The FAA may also recommend appropriate marking in an area where obstructions are so grouped as to present a common obstruction to air navigation. 36. OMISSION OR ALTERNATIVES TO MARKING There are two alternatives to marking. Either alternative requires FAA review and concurrence. a. High Intensity Flashing White Lighting Systems. The high intensity lighting systems are more effective than aviation orange and white paint and therefore can be recommended instead of marking. This is particularly true under certain ambient light conditions involving the position of the sun relative to the direction of flight. When high intensity lighting systems are operated during daytime and twilight, other methods of marking may be omitted. When operated 24 hours a day, other methods of marking and lighting may be omitted. b. Medium Intensity Flashing White Lighting Systems. When medium intensity lighting systems are operated during daytime and twilight on structures 500 feet (153m) AGL or less, other methods of marking may be omitted. When operated 24 hours a day on structures 500 feet (153m) AGL or less, other methods of marking and lighting may be omitted. Note - SPONSORS MUST ENSURE THAT ALTERNATIVES TO MARKING ARE COORDINATED WITH THE FCC FOR STRUCTURES UNDER ITS JURISDICTION PRIOR TO MAKING THE CHANGE. Chap 3 7 C1 E Chap 4 2/1/07 CHAPTER 4. LIGHTING GUIDELINE 40. PURPOSE This chapter describes the various obstruction lighting systems used to identify structures that an aeronautical study has determined will require added conspicuity. The lighting standards in this circular are the minimum necessary for aviation safety. Recommendations on lighting structures can vary depending on terrain features, weather patterns, geographic location, and in the case of wind turbines, number of structures and overall layout of design. 41. STANDARDS The standards outlined in this AC are based on the use of light units that meet specified intensities, beam patterns, color, and flash rates as specified in AC 150/5345-43. These standards may be obtained from: Department of Transportation OTS Subsequent Distribution Office, M-30 Ardmore East Business Center 3341 Q 75th Avenue Landover, MD 20785 42. LIGHTING SYSTEMS Obstruction lighting may be displayed on structures as follows: a. Aviation Red Obstruction Lights. Use flashing beacons and/or steady burning lights during nighttime. b. Medium Intensity Flashing White Obstruction Lights. Medium intensity flashing white obstruction lights may be used during daytime and twilight with automatically selected reduced intensity for nighttime operation. When this system is used on structures 500 feet (153m) AGL or less in height, other methods of marking and lighting the structure may be omitted. Aviation orange and white paint is always required for daytime marking on structures exceeding 500 feet (153m) AGL. This system is not normally recommended on structures 200 feet (61 m) AGL or less. c. High Intensity Flashing White Obstruction Lights. Use high intensity flashing white obstruction lights during daytime with automatically selected reduced intensities for twilight and nighttime operations. When this system is used, other methods of marking and lighting the structure may be omitted. Chap 4 AC 70/7460-1K CHG 2 This system should not be recommended on structures 500 feet (153m) AGL or less, unless an FAA aeronautical study shows otherwise. Note - All flashing lights on a structure should flash simultaneously except for catenary support structures, which have a distinct sequence flashing between levels. d. Dual Lighting. This system consists of red lights for nighttime and high or medium intensity flashing white lights for daytime and twilight. When a dual lighting system incorporates medium flashing intensity lights on structures 500 feet (153m) or less, or high intensity flashing white lights on structures of any height, other methods of marking the structure may be omitted. e. Obstruction Lights During Construction. As the height of the structure exceeds each level at which permanent obstruction lights would be recommended, two or more lights of the type specified in the determination should be installed at that level. Temporary high or medium intensity flashing white lights, as recommended in the determination, should be operated 24 hours a day until all permanent lights are in operation. In either case, two or more lights should be installed on the uppermost part of the structure any time it exceeds the height of the temporary construction equipment. They may be turned off for periods when they would interfere with construction personnel. If practical, permanent obstruction lights should be installed and operated at each level as construction progresses. The lights should be positioned to ensure that a pilot has an unobstructed view of at least one light at each level. f. Obstruction Lights in Urban Areas. When a structure is located in an urban area where there are numerous other white lights (e.g., streetlights, etc.) red obstruction lights with painting or a medium intensity dual system is recommended. Medium intensity lighting is not normally recommended on structures less than 200 feet (61 m). g. Temporary Construction Equipment Lighting. Since there is such a variance in construction cranes, derricks, oil and other drilling rigs, each case should be considered individually. Lights should be installed according to the standards given in Chapters 5, 6, 7, or 8, as they would apply to permanent structures. AC 70/7460-1 K 43. CATENARY LIGHTING Lighted markers are available for increased night conspicuity of high-voltage (69KV or greater) transmission line catenary wires. These markers should be used on transmission line catenary wires near airports, heliports, across rivers, canyons, lakes, etc. The lighted markers should be manufacturer certified as recognizable from a minimum distance of 4,000 feet (1219m) under nighttime conditions, minimum visual flight rules (VFR) conditions or having a minimum intensity of at least 32.5 candela. The lighting unit should emit a steady burning red light. They should be used on the highest energized line. If the lighted markers are installed on a line other than the highest catenary, then markers specified in paragraph 34 should be used in addition to the lighted markers. (The maximum distance between the line energizing the lighted markers and the highest catenary above the lighted marker should be no more than 20 feet (6m).) Markers should be distinctively shaped, i.e., spherical, cylindrical, so they are not mistaken for items that are used to convey other information. They should be visible in all directions from which aircraft are likely to approach. The area in the immediate vicinity of the supporting structure's base should be clear of all items and/or objects of natural growth that could interfere with the line -of -sight between a pilot and the structure's lights. Where a catenary wire crossing requires three or more supporting structures, the inner structures should be equipped with enough light units per level to provide a full coverage. 44. INSPECTION, REPAIR AND MAINTENANCE To ensure the proper candela output for fixtures with incandescent lamps, the voltage provided to the lamp filament should not vary more than plus or minus 3 percent of the rated voltage of the lamp. The input voltage should be measured at the lamp socket with the lamp operating during the hours of normal operation. (For strobes, the input voltage of the power supplies should be within 10 percent of rated voltage.) Lamps should be replaced after being operated for not more than 75 percent of their rated life or immediately upon failure. Flashtubes in a light unit should be replaced immediately upon failure, when the peak effective intensity falls below specification limits or when the fixture begins skipping flashes, or at the manufacturer's recommended intervals. Due to the effects of harsh environments, beacon lenses should be visually inspected for ultraviolet damage, cracks, crazing, dirt • 3/1/00 build up, etc., to insure that the certified light output has not deteriorated. (See paragraph 23, for reporting requirements in case of failure.) 45. NONSTANDARD LIGHTS Moored balloons, chimneys, church steeples, and similar obstructions may be floodlighted by fixed search light projectors installed at three or more equidistant points around the base of each obstruction. The searchlight projectors should provide an average illumination of at least 15 foot- candles over the top one-third of the obstruction. 46. PLACEMENT FACTORS The height of the structure AGL determines the number of light levels. The light levels may be adjusted slightly, but not to exceed 10 feet (3m), when necessary to accommodate guy wires and personnel who replace or repair light fixtures. Except for catenary support structures, the following factors should be considered when determining the placement of obstruction lights on a structure. a. Red Obstruction Lighting Systems. The overall height of the structure including all appurtenances such as rods, antennas, obstruction lights, etc., determines the number of light levels. b. Medium Intensity Flashing White Obstruction Lighting Systems. The overall height of the structure including all appurtenances such as rods, antennas, obstruction lights, etc., determines the number of light levels. c. High Intensity Flashing White Obstruction Lighting Systems. The overall height of the main structure including all appurtenances such as rods, antennas, obstruction lights, etc., determines the number of light levels. d. Dual Obstruction Lighting Systems. The overall height of the structure including all appurtenances such as rods, antennas, obstruction lights, etc., is used to determine the number of light levels for a medium intensity white obstruction light/red obstruction dual lighting system. The overall height of the structure including all appurtenances is used to determine the number of light levels for a high intensity white obstruction light/red obstruction dual lighting system. e. Adjacent Structures. The elevation of the tops of adjacent buildings in congested areas may be used as the equivalent of ground level to determine the proper number of light levels required. 10 Chap 4 8/1/00 f. Shielded Lights. If an adjacent object shields any light, horizontal placement of the lights should be adjusted or additional lights should be mounted on that object to retain or contribute to the definition of the obstruction. 47. MONITORING OBSTRUCTION LIGHTS Obstruction lighting systems should be closely monitored by visual or automatic means. It is extremely important to visually inspect obstruction lighting in all operating intensities at least once every 24 hours on systems without automatic monitoring. In the event a structure is not readily accessible for visual observation, a properly maintained automatic monitor should be used. This monitor should be designed to register the malfunction of any light on the obstruction regardless of its position or color. When using remote monitoring devices, the communication status and operational status of the system should be confirmed at least once every 24 hours. The monitor (aural or visual) should be located in an area generally occupied by responsible personnel. In some cases, this may require a remote monitor in an attended location. For each structure, a log should be maintained in which daily operations status of the lighting system is recorded. Beacon AC 70/7460-1K CHG 1 lenses should be replaced if serious cracks, crazing, dirt build up, etc., has occurred. 48. ICE SHIELDS Where icing is likely to occur, metal grates or similar protective ice shields should be installed directly over each light unit to prevent falling ice or accumulations from damaging the light units. 49. DISTRACTION a. Where obstruction lights may distract operators of vessels in the proximity of a navigable waterway, the sponsor must coordinate with the Commandant, U.S. Coast Guard, to avoid interference with marine navigation. b. The address for marine information and coordination is: Chief, Aids to Navigation Division (OPN) U.S. Coast Guard Headquarters 2100 2nd Street, SW., Rm. 3610 Washington, DC 20593-0001 Telephone: (202) 267-0980 Chap 4 l l LJ • 12 Chap 4 03/1/00 AC 70/7460-1K CHAPTER 5. RED OBSTRUCTION LIGHT SYSTEM 50. PURPOSE Red Obstruction lights are used to increase conspicuity during nighttime. Daytime and twilight marking is required. Recommendations on lighting structures can vary depending on terrain features, weather patterns, geographic location, and in the case of wind turbines, number of structutes and overall layout of design. 51. STANDARDS The red obstruction lighting system is composed of flashing omnidirectional beacons (L-864) and/or steady burning (L-810) lights. When one or more levels is comprised of flashing beacon lighting, the lights should flash simultaneously. a. Single Obstruction Light. A single (L-810) light may be used when more than one obstruction light is required either vertically or horizontally or where maintenance can be accomplished within a reasonable time. 1. Top Level. A single light may be used to identify low structures such as airport ILS buildings and long horizontal structures such as perimeter fences and building roof outlines. 2. Intermediate Level. Single lights may be used on skeletal and solid structures when more than one level of lights is installed and there are two or more single lights per level. b. Double Obstruction Light. A double (L-810) light should be installed when used as a top light, at each end of a row of single obstruction lights, and in areas or locations where the failure of a single unit could cause an obstruction to be totally unlighted. 1. Top Level. Structures 150 feet (46m) AGL or less should have one or more double lights installed at the highest point and operating simultaneously. 2. Intermediate Level. Double lights should be installed at intermediate levels when a malfunction of a single light could create an unsafe condition and in remote areas where maintenance cannot be performed within a reasonable time. Both units may operate simultaneously, or a transfer relay may be used to switch to a spare unit should the active system fail. 3. Lowest Level. The lowest level of light units may be installed at a higher elevation than normal on a structure if the surrounding terrain, trees, or adjacent building(s) would obscure the lights. In certain instances, as determined by an FAA aeronautical study, the lowest level of lights may be eliminated. 52. CONTROL DEVICE Red obstruction lights should be operated by a satisfactory control device (e.g., photo cell, timer, etc.) adjusted so the lights will be turned on when the northern sky illuminance reaching a vertical surface falls below a level of 60 foot-candles (645.8 lux) but before reaching a level of 35 foot-candles (367.7 lux). The control device should turn the lights off when the northern sky illuminance rises to a level of not more than 60 foot-candles (645.8 lux). The lights may also remain on continuously. The sensing device should, if practical, face the northern sky in the Northern Hemisphere. (See AC 150/5345-43.) 53. POLES, TOWERS, AND SIMILAR SKELETAL STRUCTURES The following standards apply to radio and television towers, supporting structures for overhead transmission lines, and similar structures. a. Top Mounted Obstruction Light. 1. Structures ISO Feet (46m) AGL or Less. Two or more steady burning (L-810) lights should be installed in a manner to ensure an unobstructed view of one or more lights by a pilot. 2. Structures Exceeding 150 Feet (46m) AGL. At least one red flashing (L-864) beacon should be installed in a manner to ensure an unobstructed view of one or more lights by a pilot. 3. Appurtenances 40 Feet (12m) or Less. If a rod, antenna, or other appurtenance 40 feet (12m) or less in height is incapable of supporting a red flashing beacon, then it may be placed at the base of the appurtenance. If the mounting location does not allow unobstructed viewing of the beacon by a pilot, then additional beacons should be added. 4. Appurtenances Exceeding 40 Feet (12m). If a rod, antenna, or other appurtenance exceeding 40 feet (12m) in height is incapable of supporting a red flashing beacon, a supporting mast with one or more beacons should be installed adjacent to the appurtenance. Adjacent installations should not. exceed the height of the appurtenance and be within 40 feet (12m) of the tip to allow the pilot an unobstructed view of at least one beacon. b. Mounting Intermediate Levels. The number of light levels is determined by the height of the structure, including all appurtenances, and is detailed in Appendix 1. The number of lights on each level is Chap 5 13 AC 70/7460-1K CHG 2 2/1/07 determined by the shape and height of the structure. These lights should be mounted so as to ensure an unobstructed view of at least one light by a pilot. 1. Steady Burning Lights (L-810). (a) Structures 350 Feet (107m) AGL or Less. Two or more steady burning (L-810) lights should be installed on diagonally or diametrically opposite positions. (b) Structures Exceeding 350 Feet (107m) AGL. Install steady burning (L-810) lights on each outside corner of each level. 2. Flashing Beacons (L-864). (a) Structures 350 Feet (107m) AGL or Less. These structures do not require flashing (L-864) beacons at intermediate levels. (b) Structure Exceeding 350 Feet (107m) AGL. At intermediate levels, two beacons (L-864) should be mounted outside at diagonally opposite positions of intermediate levels. 54. CHIMNEYS, FLARE STACKS, AND SIMILAR SOLID STRUCTURES a. Number of Light Units. 1. The number of units recommended depends on the diameter of the structure at the top. The number of lights recommended below are the minimum. 2. When the structure diameter is: (a) 20 Feet (6m) or Less. Three light units per level. (b) Exceeding 20 Feet (6m) But Not More Than 100 Feet (31m). Four light units per level. (c) Exceeding 100 Feet (31m) But Not More Than 200 Feet (61m). Six light units per level. (d) Exceeding 200 Feet (61m). Eight light units per level. b. Top Mounted Obstruction Lights. 1. Structures 150 Feet (46m) AGL or Less. L-810 lights should be installed horizontally at regular intervals at or near the top. 2. Structures Exceeding 150 Feet (46m) AGL. At least three L-864 beacons should be installed. 3. Chimneys, Cooling Towers, and Flare Stacks. Lights may be displayed as low as 20 feet (6m) below the top to avoid the obscuring effect of deposits and heat generally emitted by this type of structure. It is important that these lights be readily accessible for cleaning and lamp replacement. It is understood that with flare stacks, as well as any other structures associated with the petrol -chemical industry, normal lighting requirements may not be necessary. This could be due to the location of the flare stack/structure within a large well -lighted petrol -chemical plant or the fact that the flare, or working lights surrounding the flare stack/structure, is as conspicuous as obstruction lights. c. Mounting Intermediate Levels. The number of light levels is determined by the height of the structure including all appurtenances. For cooling towers 600 feet (183m) or less, intermediate light levels are not necessary. Structures exceeding 600 feet (I 83m) AGL should have a second level of light units installed approximately at the midpoint of the structure and in a vertical line with the top level of lights. 1. Steady Burning (L-810) Lights. The recommended number of light levels may be obtained from Appendix 1. At least three lights should be installed on each level. 2. Flashing (L-864) Beacons. The recommended number of beacon levels may be obtained from Appendix 1. At least three lights should be installed on each level. (a) Structures 350 Feet (107m) AGL or Less. These structures do not need intermediate levels of flashing beacons. (b) Structures Exceeding 350 Feet (107m) AGL. At least three flashing (L-864) beacons should be installed on each level in a manner to allow an unobstructed view of at least one beacon. 55. GROUP OF OBSTRUCTIONS When individual objects, except wind turbines, within a group of obstructions are not the same height and are spaced a maximum of 150 feet (46m) apart, the prominent objects within the group should be lighted in accordance with the standards for individual obstructions of a corresponding height. If the outer structure is shorter than the prominent, the outer structure should be lighted in accordance with the standards for individual obstructions of a corresponding height. Light units should be placed to ensure that the light is visible to a pilot approaching from any direction. In addition, at least one flashing beacon should be installed at the top of a prominent center obstruction or on a special tower located near the center of the group. 14 Chap 5 03/1/00 56. ALTERNATE METHOD OF DISPLAYING OBSTRUCTION LIGHTS When recommended in an FAA aeronautical study, lights may be placed on poles equal to the height of the obstruction and installed on or adjacent to the structure instead of installing lights on the obstruction. 57. PROMINENT BUILDINGS, BRIDGES, AND, SIMILAR EXTENSIVE OBSTRUCTIONS When objects within a group of obstructions are approximately the same overall height above the surface and are located a maximum of 150 feet (46m) apart, the group of obstructions may be considered an extensive obstruction. Install light units on the same horizontal plane at the highest portion or edge of prominent obstructions. Light units should be placed to ensure that the light is visible to a pilot approaching from any direction. If the structure is a bridge and is over navigable water, the sponsor must obtain prior approval of the lighting installation from the Commander of the District Office of the United States Coast Guard to avoid interference with marine navigation. Steady burning lights should be displayed to indicate the extent of the obstruction as follows: a. Structures 150 Feet (46m) or Less in Any Horizontal Direction. If the structure/bridge/extensive obstruction is 150 feet (46m) or less horizontally, at least one steady burning light (L-810) should be displayed on the highest point at each end of the major axis of the obstruction. If this is impractical because of the overall shape, display a double obstruction light in the center of the highest point. b. Structures Exceeding 150 Feet (46m) in at Least One Horizontal Direction. If the structure/bridge/ extensive obstruction exceeds 150 feet (46m) horizontally,, display at least one steady burning light for each 150 feet (46m), or fraction thereof, of the AC 70/7460-1 K overall length of the major axis. At least one of these lights should be displayed on the highest point at each end of the obstruction. Additional lights should be displayed at approximately equal intervals not to exceed 150 feet (46m) on the highest points along the edge between the end lights. If an obstruction is located near a landing area and two or more edges are the same height, the edge nearest the landing area should be lighted. c. Structures Exceeding 150 Feet (46m) AGL. Steady burning red obstruction lights should be installed on the highest point at each end. At intermediate levels, steady burning red lights should be displayed for each 150 feet (46m) or fraction thereof. The vertical position of these lights should be equidistant between the top lights and the ground level' as the shape and type of obstruction will permit. One such light should be displayed at each outside corner on each level with the remaining lights evenly spaced between the corner lights. d. Exceptions. Flashing red beacons (L-864) may be used instead of steady burning obstruction lights if early or special warning is necessary. These beacons should be displayed on the highest points of an extensive obstruction at intervals not exceeding 3,000 feet (915m). At least three beacons should be displayed on one side of the extensive obstruction to indicate a line of lights. e. Ice Shields. Where icing is likely to occur, metal grates or similar protective ice shields should be installed directly over each light unit to prevent falling ice or accumulations from damaging the light units. The light should be mounted in a manner to ensure an unobstructed view of at least one light by a pilot approaching from any direction. Chap 5 15 0 0 16 Chap 6 03/1/00 AC 70/7460-1K CHAPTER 6. MEDIUM INTENSITY FLASHING WHITE OBSTRUCTION LIGHT SYSTEMS 60. PURPOSE Medium intensity flashing white (L-865) obstruction lights may provide conspicuity both day and night. Recommendations on lighting structures can vary depending on terrain features, weather patterns, geographic location, and in the case of wind turbines, number of structures and overall layout of design. 61. STANDARDS The medium intensity flashing white light system is normally composed of flashing omnidirectional lights. Medium intensity flashing white obstruction lights may be used during daytime and twilight with automatically selected reduced intensity for nighttime operation. When this system is used on structures 500 feet (153m) AGL or less in height, other methods of marking and lighting the structure may be omitted. Aviation orange and white paint is always required for daytime marking on structures exceeding 500 feet (153m) AGL. This system is not normally recommended on structures 200 feet (61m) AGL or less. The use of a 24-hour medium intensity flashing white light system in urban/populated areas in not normally recommended due to their tendency to merge with background lighting in these areas at night. This makes it extremely difficult for some types of aviation operations, i.e., med-evac, and police helicopters to see these structures. The use of this type of system in urban and rural areas often results in complaints. In addition, this system is not recommended on structures within 3 nautical miles of an airport. 62. RADIO AND TELEVISION TOWERS AND SIMILAR SKELETAL STRUCTURES a. Mounting Lights. The number of levels recommended depends on the height of the structure, including antennas and similar appurtenances. 1. Top Levels. One or more lights should be installed at the highest point to provide 360 -degree coverage ensuring an unobstructed view. 2. Appurtenances 40 feet (12m) or less. If a rod, antenna, or other appurtenance 40 feet (12m) or less in height is incapable of supporting the medium intensity flashing white light, then it may be placed at the base of the appurtenance. If the mounting location does not allow unobstructed viewing of the medium intensity flashing white light by a pilot, then additional lights should be added: 3. Appurtenances Exceeding 40 feet (12m). If a rod, antenna, or other appurtenance exceeds 40 feet (12m) above the tip of the main structure, a medium intensity flashing white light should be placed within 40 feet (12m) from the top of the appurtenance. if the appurtenance (such as a whip antenna) is incapable of supporting the light, one or more lights should be mounted on a pole adjacent to the appurtenance. Adjacent installations should not exceed the height of the appurtenance and be within 40 feet (12m) of the tip to allow the pilot an unobstructed view of at least one light. b. Intermediate Levels. At intermediate levels, two beacons (L-865) should be mounted outside at diagonally or diametrically opposite positions of intermediate levels. The lowest light level should not be less than 200 feet (61 m) AGL. c. Lowest Levels. The lowest level of light units may be installed at a higher elevation than normal on a structure if the surrounding terrain, trees, or adjacent building(s) would obscure the lights. In certain instances, as determined by an FAA aeronautical study, the lowest level of lights may be eliminated. d. Structures 500 Feet (153m) AGL or Less. When white lights are used during nighttime and twilight only, marking is required for daytime. When operated 24 hours a day, other methods of marking and lighting are not required. e. Structures Exceeding 500 Feet (153m) AGL. The lights should be used during nighttime and twilight and may be used 24 hours a day. Marking is always required for daytime. f. Ice Shields. Where icing is likely to occur, metal grates or similar protective ice shields should be installed directly over each light unit to prevent falling ice or accumulations from damaging the light units. The light should be mounted in a manner to ensure an unobstructed view of at least one light by a pilot approaching from any direction. 63. CONTROL DEVICE The light intensity is controlled by a device that changes the intensity when the ambient light changes. The system should automatically change intensity steps when the northern sky illumination in the Northern Hemisphere on a vertical surface is as follows: a. Twilight -to -Night. This should not occur before the illumination drops below five foot-candles (53.8 Chap 6 17 AC 70/7460-1K CHG 2 lux) but should occur before it drops below two foot- candles (21.5 lux). b. Night -to -Day. The intensity changes listed in subparagraph 63a above should be reversed when changing from the night to day mode. 64. CHIMNEYS, FLARE STACKS, AND SIMILAR SOLID STRUCTURES a. Number of Light Units. The number of units recommended depends on the diameter of the structure at the top. Normally, the top level is on the highest point of a structure. However, the top level of chimney lights may be installed as low as 20 feet (6m) below the top to minimize deposit build-up due to emissions. The number of lights recommended are the minimum. When the structure diameter is: 1. 20 Feet (6m) or Less. Three light units per level. 2. Exceeding 20 Feet (6m) But Not More Than 100 Feet (31m). Four light units per level. 3. Exceeding 100 Feet (31m) But Not More Than 200 Feet (61m). Six light units per level. 4. Exceeding 200 Feet (61m). Eight light units per level. 65. GROUP OF OBSTRUCTIONS When individual objects within a group of obstructions are not the same height and are spaced a maximum of 150 feet (46m) apart, the prominent objects within the group should be lighted in accordance with the standards for individual obstructions of a corresponding height. If the outer structure is shorter than the prominent, the outer structure should be lighted in accordance with the standards for individual obstructions of a corresponding height. Light units should be placed to ensure that the light is visible to a pilot approaching from any direction. In addition, at least one medium intensity flashing white light should be installed at the top of a prominent center obstruction or on a special tower located near the center of the group. 66. SPECIAL CASES Where lighting systems are installed on structures located near highways, waterways, airport approach areas, etc., caution should be exercised to ensure that the lights do not distract or otherwise cause a hazard to motorists, vessel operators, or pilots on an approach to an airport. In these cases, shielding may be necessary. 2/1/07 This shielding should not derogate the intended purpose of the lighting system. 67. PROMINENT BUILDINGS AND SIMILAR EXTENSIVE OBSTRUCTIONS When objects within a group of obstructions are approximately the same overall height above the surface and are located a maximum of 150 feet (46m) apart, the group of obstructions may be considered an extensive obstruction. Install light units on the same horizontal plane at the highest portion or edge of prominent obstructions. Light units should be placed to ensure that the light is visible to a pilot approaching from any direction. Lights should be displayed to indicate the extent of the obstruction as follows: a. Structures 150 Feet (46m) or Less in Any Horizontal Direction. if the structure/extensive obstruction is 150 feet (46m) or less horizontally, at least one light should be displayed on the highest point at each end of the major axis of the obstruction. If this is impractical because of the overall shape, display a double obstruction light in the center of the highest point. b. Structures Exceeding 150 Feet (46m) in at Least One Horizontal Direction. If the structure/extensive obstruction exceeds 150 feet (46m) horizontally, display at least one light for each 150 feet (46m) or fraction thereof, of the overall length of the major axis. At least one of these lights should be displayed on the highest point at each end of the obstruction. Additional lights should be displayed at approximately equal intervals not to exceed 150 feet (46m) on the highest points along the edge between the end lights. If an obstruction is located near a landing area and two or more edges are the same height, the edge nearest the landing area should be lighted. c. Structures Exceeding 150 Feet (46m) AGL. Lights should be installed on the highest point at each end. At intermediate levels, lights should be displayed for each 150 feet (46m), or fraction thereof. The vertical position of these lights should be equidistant between the top lights and the ground level as the shape and type of obstruction will permit. One such light should be displayed at each outside corner on each level with the remaining lights evenly spaced between the corner lights. 18 Chap 6 2/1/07 AC 70/7460-1K CHG 2 CHAPTER 7. HIGH INTENSITY FLASHING WHITE OBSTRUCTION LIGHT SYSTEMS 70. PURPOSE Lighting with high intensity (L-856) flashing white obstruction lights provides the highest degree of conspicuity both day and night. Recommendations on lighting structures can vary depending on terrain features, weather patterns, geographic location, and in the case of wind turbines, number of structutes and overall layout of design. 71. STANDARDS Use high intensity flashing white obstruction lights during daytime with automatically selected reduced intensities for twilight and nighttime operations. When high intensity white lights are operated 24 hours a day, other methods of marking and lighting may be omitted. This system should not be recommended on structures 500 feet (153m) AGL or less unless an FAA aeronautical study shows otherwise. 72. CONTROL DEVICE Light intensity is controlled by a device that changes the intensity when the ambient light changes. The use of a 24-hour high intensity flashing white light system in urban/populated areas is not normally recommended due to their tendency to merge with background lighting in these areas at night. This makes it extremely difficult for some types of aviation operations, i.e., med-evac, and police helicopters to see these structures. The use of this type of system in urban and rural areas often results in complaints. The system should automatically change intensity steps when the northern sky illumination in the Northern Hemisphere on a vertical surface is as follows: a. Day -to -Twilight. This should not occur before the illumination drops to 60 foot-candles (645.8 lux), but should occur before it drops below 35 foot-candles (376.7 lux). The illuminance -sensing device should, if practical, face the northern sky in the Northern Hemisphere. b. Twilight -to -Night. This should not occur before the illumination drops below five foot-candles (53.8 lux), but should occur before it drops below two foot- candles (21.5 lux). c. Night -to -Day. The intensity changes listed in subparagraph 72 a and b above should be reversed when changing from the night to day mode. 73. UNITS PER LEVEL One or more light units is needed to obtain the desired horizontal coverage. The number of light units recommended per level (except for the supporting structures of catenary wires and buildings) depends upon the average outside diameter of the specific structure, and the -horizontal beam width of the light fixture. The light units should be installed in a manner to ensure an unobstructed view of the system by a pilot approaching from any direction. The number of lights recommended are the minimum. When the structure diameter is: a. 20 Feet (6m) or Less. Three light units per level. b. Exceeding 20 Feet (6m) But Not More Than 100 Feet (31m). Four light units per level. c. Exceeding 100 Feet (31m). Six light units per level. 74. INSTALLATION GUIDANCE Manufacturing specifications provide for the effective peak intensity of the light beam to be adjustable from zero to 8 degrees above the horizon. Normal installation should place the top light at zero degrees to the horizontal and all other light units installed in accordance with Table 2: Light Unit Elevation Above the Horizontal Height of Light Unit Above Terrain Degrees of Elevation Above the Horizontal Exceeding 500 feet AGL 0 401 feet to 500 feet AGL 1 301 feet to 400 feet AGL 2 300 feet AGL or less 3 TBL 2 a. Vertical Aiming. Where terrain, nearby residential areas, or other situations dictate, the light beam may be further elevated above the horizontal. The main beam of light at the lowest level should not strike the ground closer than 3 statute miles (5km) from the structure. If additional adjustments are necessary, the lights may be individually adjusted upward, in 1 -degree increments, starting at the bottom. Excessive elevation may reduce its conspicuity by raising the beam above a collision course flight path. b. Special Cases. Where lighting systems are installed on structures located near highways, waterways, airport approach areas, etc., caution should be exercised to ensure that the lights do not distract or otherwise cause a hazard to motorists, vessel operators, or pilots on an approach to an airport. In these cases, Chap 7 19 0 • AC 70/7460-1K CHG 2 shielding or an adjustment to the vertical or horizontal light aiming may be necessary. This adjustment should not derogate the intended purpose of the lighting system. Such adjustments may require review action as described in Chapter 1, paragraph 5. c. Relocation or Omission of Light Units. Light units should not be installed in such a manner that the light pattern/output is disrupted by the structure. 1. Lowest Level. The lowest level of light units may be installed at a higher elevation than normal on a structure if the surrounding terrain, trees, or adjacent building(s) would obscure the lights. In certain instances, as determined by an FAA aeronautical study, the lowest level of lights may be eliminated. 2. Two Adjacent Structures. Where two structures are situated within 500 feet (153m) of each other and the light units are installed at the same levels, the sides of the structures facing each other need not be lighted. However, all lights on both structures must flash simultaneously, except for adjacent catenary support structures. Adjust vertical placement of the lights to either or both structures' intermediate levels to place the lights on the same horizontal plane. Where one structure is higher than the other, complete level(s) of lights should be installed on that part of the higher structure that extends above the top of the lower structure. If the structures are of such heights that the levels of lights cannot be placed in identical horizontal planes, then the light units should be placed such that the center of the horizontal beam patterns do not face toward the adjacent structure. For example, structures situated north and south of each other should have the light units on both structures installed on a northwest/southeast and northeast/southwest orientation. 3. Three or More Adjacent Structures. The treatment of a cluster of structures as an individual or a complex of structures will be determined by the FAA as the result of an aeronautical study, taking into consideration the location, heights, and spacing with other structures. 75. ANTENNA OR SIMILAR APPURTENANCE LIGHT When a structure lighted by a high intensity flashing light system is topped with an antenna or similar appurtenance exceeding 40 feet (12m) in height, a medium intensity flashing white light (L-865) should be placed within 40 feet (12m) from the tip of the 2/1/07 appurtenance. This light should operate 24 hours a day and flash simultaneously with the rest of the lighting system. 76. CHIMNEYS, FLARE STACKS, AND SIMILAR SOLID STRUCTURES The number of light levels depends on the height of the structure excluding appurtenances. Three or more lights should be installed on each level in such a manner to ensure an unobstructed view by the pilot. Normally, the top level is on the highest point of a structure. However, the top level of chimney lights may be installed as low as 20 feet (6m) below the top to minimize deposit build-up due to emissions. 77. RADIO AND TELEVISION TOWERS AND SIMILAR SKELETAL STRUCTURES a. Mounting Lights. The number of levels recommended depends on the height of the structure, including antennas and similar appurtenances. At least three lights should be installed on each level and mounted to ensure that the effective intensity of the full horizontal beam coverage is not impaired by the structural members. b. Top Level. One level of lights should be installed at the highest point of the structure. If the highest point is a rod or antenna incapable of supporting a lighting system, then the top level of lights should be installed at the highest portion of the main skeletal structure. When guy wires come together at the top, it may be necessary to install this level of lights as low as 10 feet (3m) below the top. If the rod or antenna exceeds 40 feet (12m) above the main structure, a medium intensity flashing white light (L-865) should be mounted on the highest point. If the appurtenance (such as a whip antenna) is incapable of supporting a medium intensity light, one or more lights should be installed on a pole adjacent to the appurtenance. Adjacent installation should not exceed the height of the appurtenance and be within 40 feet (12m) of the top to allow an unobstructed view of at least one light. c. Ice Shields. Where icing is likely to occur, metal grates or similar protective ice shields should be installed directly over each light unit to prevent falling ice or accumulations from damaging the light units. 78. HYPERBOLIC COOLING TOWERS Light units should be installed in a manner to ensure an unobstructed view of at least two lights by a pilot approaching from any direction. a. Number of Light Units. The number of units recommended depends on the diameter of the structure 20 Chap 7 • 2/1/07 at the top. The number of lights recommended in the following table are the minimum. When the structure diameter is: 1. 20 Feet (6m) or Less. Three light units per level. 2. Exceeding 20 Feet (6m) But Not More Than 100 Feet (31m). Four light units per level. 3. Exceeding 100 Feet (31m) But Not More Than 200 Feet (61m). Six light units per level. 4. Exceeding 200 Feet (61m). Eight light units per level. b. Structures Exceeding 600 Feet (183m) AGL. Structures exceeding 600 feet (183m) AGL should have a second level of light units installed approximately at the midpoint of the structure and in a vertical line with the top level of lights. 79. PROMINENT BUILDINGS AND SIMILAR EXTENSIVE OBSTRUCTIONS When objects within a group of obstructions are approximately the same overall height above the surface and are located not more than 150 feet (46m) apart, the group of obstructions may be considered an extensive obstruction. Install light units on the same horizontal plane at the highest portion or edge of prominent obstructions. Light units should be placed • AC 70/7460-1 K CHG2 to ensure that the light is visible to a pilot approaching from any direction. These lights may require shielding, such as louvers, to ensure minimum adverse impact on local communities. Extreme caution in the use of high intensity flashing white lights should be exercised. a. If the Obstruction is 200 feet (61m) or Less in Either Horizontal Dimension, install three or more light units at the highest portion of the structure in a manner to ensure that at least one light is visible to a pilot approaching from any direction. Units may be mounted on a single pedestal at or near the center of the obstruction. If light units are placed more than 10 feet (3m) from the center point of the structure, use a minimum of four units. b. If the Obstruction Exceeds 200 Feet (61m) in One Horizontal Dimension, but is 200 feet (61 m) or less in the other, two light units should be placed on each of the shorter sides. These light units may either be installed adjacent to each other at the midpoint of the edge of the obstruction or at (near) each corner with the light unit aimed to provide 180 degrees of coverage at each edge. One or more light units should be installed along the overall length of the major axis. These lights should be installed at approximately equal intervals not to exceed a distance of 100 feet (31m) from the corners or from each other. c. If the Obstruction Exceeds 200 Feet (61m) in Both Horizontal Dimensions, light units should be equally spaced along the overall perimeter of the obstruction at.intervals of 100 feet (31m) or fraction thereof. Chap 7 21 0 • 22 Chap 7 2/1/07 AC 70/7460-1K CHG 2 CHAPTER 8. DUAL LIGHTING WITH RED/MEDIUM INTENSITY FLASHING WHITE SYSTEMS 80. PURPOSE This dual lighting system includes red lights (L-864) for nighttime and medium intensity flashing white lights (L-865) for daytime and twilight use. This lighting system may be used in lieu of operating a medium intensity flashing white lighting system at night. There may be some populated areas where the use of medium intensity at night may cause significant environmental concerns. The use of the dual lighting system should reduce/mitigate those concerns. Recommendations on lighting structures can vary depending on terrain features, weather patterns, geographic location, and in the case of wind turbines, number of structutes and overall layout of design. 81. INSTALLATION The light units should be installed as specified in the appropriate portions of Chapters 4, 5, and 6. The number of light levels needed may be obtained from Appendix 1. 82. OPERATION Lighting systems should be operated as specified in Chapter 3. Both systems should not be operated at the same time; however, there should be no more than a 2 - second delay when changing from one system to the other. Outage of one of two lamps in the uppermost red beacon (L-864 incandescent unit) or outage of any uppermost red light shall cause the white obstruction light system to operate in its specified "night" step intensity. 83. CONTROL DEVICE The light system is controlled by a device that changes the system when the ambient light changes. The system should automatically change steps when the northern sky illumination in the Northern Hemisphere on a vertical surface is as follows: a. Twilight -to -Night. This should not occur before the illumination drops below 5 foot-candles (53.8 lux) but should occur before it drops below 2 foot-candles (21.5 lux). b. Night -to -Day. The intensity changes listed in subparagraph 83 a above should be reversed when changing from the night to day mode. 84. ANTENNA OR SIMILAR APPURTENANCE LIGHT When a structure utilizing this dual lighting system is topped with an antenna or similar appurtenance exceeding 40 feet (12m) in height, a medium intensity flashing white (L-865) and a red flashing beacon (L- 864) should be placed within 40 feet (12m) from the tip of the appurtenance. The white light should operate during daytime and twilight and the red light during nighttime. These lights should flash simultaneously with the rest of the lighting system. . 85. OMISSION OF MARKING When medium intensity white lights are operated on structures 500 feet (153m) AGL or less during daytime and twilight, other methods of marking may be omitted. Chap 8 23 0 24 Chap 8 2/1/07 AC 70/7460-1K CHG 2 CHAPTER 9. DUAL LIGHTING WITH RED/HIGH INTENSITY FLASHING WHITE SYSTEMS 90. PURPOSE This dual lighting system includes red lights (L-864) for nighttime and high intensity flashing. white lights (L-856) for daytime and twilight use. This lighting system may be used in lieu of operating a flashing white lighting system at night. There may be some populated areas where the use of high intensity lights at night may cause significant environmental concerns and complaints. The use of the dual lighting system should reduce/mitigate those concerns. Recommendations on lighting structures can vary depending on terrain features, weather patterns, geographic location, and in the case of wind turbines, number of structutes and overall layout of design. 91. INSTALLATION The light units should be installed as specified in the appropriate portions of Chapters 4, 5, and 7. The number of light levels needed may be obtained from Appendix 1. 92. OPERATION Lighting systems should be operated as specified in Chapters 4, 5, and 7. Both systems should not be operated at the same time; however, there should be no more than a 2 -second delay when changing from one system to the other. Outage of one of two lamps in the uppermost red beacon (L-864 incandescent unit) or outage of any uppermost red light shall cause the white obstruction light system to operate in its specified "night" step intensity. 93. CONTROL DEVICE The light intensity is controlled by a device that changes the intensity when the ambient light changes. The system should automatically change intensity steps when the northern sky illumination in the Northern Hemisphere on a vertical surface is as follows: a. Day -to -Twilight. This should not occur before the illumination drops to 60 foot-candles (645.8 lux) but should occur before it drops below 35 foot-candles (376.7 lux). The illuminance -sensing device should, if practical, face the northern sky in the Northern Hemisphere. b. Twilight -to -Night. This should not occur before the illumination drops below 5 foot-candles (53.8 lux) but should occur before it drops below 2 foot-candles (21.5 lux). c. Night -to -Day. The intensity changes listed in subparagraph 93 a and b above should be reversed when changing from the night to day mode. 94. ANTENNA OR SIMILAR APPURTENANCE LIGHT When a structure utilizing this dual lighting system is topped with an antenna or similar appurtenance exceeding 40 feet (I 2m) in height, a medium intensity flashing white light (L-865) and a red flashing beacon (L-864) should be placed within 40 feet (12m) from the tip of the appurtenance. The white light should operate during daytime and twilight and the red light during "nighttime. 95. OMISSION OF MARKING When high intensity white lights are operated during daytime and twilight, other methods of marking may be omitted. Chap 9 25 F— L-1 26 Chap 9 0 • 2/1/07 AC 70/7460-1K CHG 2 CHAPTER 10. MARKING AND LIGHTING OF CATENARY AND CATENARY SUPPORT STRUCTURES 100. PURPOSE This chapter provides guidelines for marking and lighting catenary and catenary support structures. The recommended marking and lighting of these structures is intended to provide day and night conspicuity and to assist pilots in identifying and avoiding catenary wires and associated support structures. 101: CATENARY MARKING STANDARDS Lighted markers are available for increased night conspicuity of high-voltage (69KV or greater) transmission line catenary wires. These markers should be used on transmission line catenary wires near airports, heliports, across rivers, canyons, lakes, etc. The lighted markers should be manufacturer certified as recognizable from a minimum distance of 4,000 feet (1219m) under nighttime conditions, minimum VFR conditions or having a minimum intensity of at least 32.5 candela. The lighting unit should emit a steady burning red light. They should be used on the highest energized line. If the lighted markers are installed on a line other than the highest catenary, then markers specified in paragraph 34 should be used in addition to the lighted markers. (The maximum distance between the line energizing the lighted markers and the highest catenary above the lighted marker should be no more than 20 feet (6m).) Markers should be distinctively shaped, i.e., spherical, cylindrical, so they are not mistaken for items that are used to convey other information. They should be visible in all directions from which aircraft are likely to approach. The area in the immediate vicinity of the supporting structure's base should be clear of all items and/or objects of natural growth that could interfere with the line -of -sight between a pilot and the structure's lights. Where a catenary wire crossing requires three or more supporting structures, the inner structures should be equipped with enough light units per level to provide a full coverage. a. Size and Color. The diameter of the markers used on extensive catenary wires across canyons, lakes, rivers, etc., should be not less than 36 inches (91 cm). Smaller 20 -inch (51 cm) markers are permitted on less extensive power lines or on power lines below 50 feet (15m) above the ground and within 1,500 feet (458m) of an airport runway end. Each marker should be a solid color such as aviation orange, white, or yellow. b. Installation. 1. Spacing. Lighted markers should be spaced equally along the wire at intervals of approximately 200 feet (61 m) or a fraction thereof. Intervals between markers should be less in critical areas near runway ends, i.e., 30 to 50 feet (lOm to 15m). If the markers are installed on a line other than the highest catenary, then markers specified in paragraph 34 should be used in addition to the lighted markers. The maximum distance between the line energizing the lighted markers and the highest catenary above the markers can be no more than 20 feet (6m). The lighted markers may be installed alternately along each wire if the distance between adjacent markers meets the spacing standard. This method allows the weight and wind loading factors to be distributed. 2. Pattern. An alternating color scheme provides the most conspicuity against all backgrounds. Mark overhead wires by alternating solid colored markers of aviation orange, white, and yellow. Normally, an orange marker is placed at each end of a line and the spacing is adjusted (not to exceed 200 feet (61m)) to accommodate the rest of the markers. When less than four markers are used, they should all be aviation orange. 102. CATENARY LIGHTING STANDARDS When using medium intensity flashing white (L-866), high intensity flashing white (L-857), dual medium intensity (L -866/L-885) or dual high intensity (L- 857/885) lighting systems, operated 24 hours a day, other marking of the support structure is not necessary. a. Levels. A system of three levels of sequentially flashing light units should be installed on each supporting structure or adjacent terrain. Install one level at the top of the structure, one at the height of the lowest point in the catenary and one level approximately midway between the other two light levels. The middle level should normally be at least 50 feet (15m) from the other two levels. The middle light unit may be deleted when the distance between the top and the bottom light levels is less than 100 feet (30m). 1. Top Levels. One or more lights should be installed at the top of the structure to provide 360 - degree coverage ensuring an unobstructed view. If the installation presents a potential danger to maintenance personnel, or when necessary for lightning protection, the top level of lights may be mounted as low as 20 feet (6m) below the highest point of the structure. 2. Horizontal Coverage. The light units at the middle level and bottom level should be installed so as to provide a minimum of 180 -degree coverage centered perpendicular to the flyway. Where a catenary crossing is situated near a bend in a river, canyon, etc., or is not perpendicular to the flyway, the Chap 10 27 0 • AC 70/7460-1K CHG 2 horizontal beam should be directed to provide the most effective light coverage to warn pilots approaching from either direction of the catenary wires. 3. Variation. The vertical and horizontal arrangements of the lights may be subject to the structural limits of the towers and/or adjacent terrain. A tolerance of 20 percent from uniform spacing of the bottom and middle light is allowed. If the base of the supporting structure(s) is higher than the lowest point in the catenary, such as a canyon crossing, one or more lights should be installed on the adjacent terrain at the level of the lowest point in the span. These lights should be installed on the structure or terrain at the height of the lowest point in the catenary. b. Flash Sequence. The flash sequence should be middle, top, and bottom with all lights on the same level flashing simultaneously. The time delay between flashes of levels is designed to present a unique system display. The time delay between the start of each level of flash duration is outlined in FAA AC 150/5345-43, Specification for Obstruction Lighting Equipment. c. Synchronization. Although desirable, the corresponding light levels on associated supporting towers of a catenary crossing need not flash simultaneously. d. Structures 500 feet (153m) ACL or Less. When medium intensity white lights (L-866) are operated 24 hours a day, or when a dual red/medium intensity system (L-866 daytime & twilight/L-885 nighttime) is used, marking can be omitted. When using a medium intensity while light (L-866) or a flashing red light (L- 885) during twilight or nighttime only, painting should be used for daytime marking. e. Structures Exceeding 500 Feet (153m) AGL. When high intensity white lights (L-857) are operated 24 hours a day, or when a dual red/high intensity system (L-857 daytime and twilight/L-885 nighttime) is used, marking can be omitted. This system should not be recommended on structures 500 feet (153m) or less unless an FAA aeronautical study shows otherwise. When a flashing red obstruction light (L- 885), a medium intensity (L-866) flashing white lighting system or a high intensity white lighting system (L-857) is used for nighttime and twilight only, painting should be used for daytime marking. 2/1/07. 103. CONTROL DEVICE The light intensity is controlled by a device (photocell) that changes the intensity when the ambient light changes. The lighting system should automatically change intensity steps when the northern sky illumination in the Northern Hemisphere on a vertical surface is as follows: a. Day -to -Twilight (L-857 System). This should not occur before the illumination drops to 60 foot-candles (645.8 lux), but should occur before it drops below 35 foot-candles (376.7 lux). The illuminant -sensing device should, if practical, face the northern sky in the Northern Hemisphere. b. Twilight -to -Night (L-857 System). This should not occur before the illumination drops below 5 foot- candles (53.8 lux); but should occur before it drops below 2 foot-candles (21.5 lux). c. Night -to -Day. The intensity changes listed in subparagraph 103 a. and b. above should be reversed when changing from the night to day mode. d. Day -to -Night (L-866 or L -885/L-866). This should not occur before the illumination drops below 5 foot-candles (563.8 lux) but should occur before it drops below 2 f6ot-candles (21.5 lux). e. Night -to -Day. The intensity changes listed in subparagraph d. above should be reversed when changing from the night to day mode. E Red Obstruction (L-885). The red lights should not turn on until the illumination drops below 60 foot- candles (645.8 lux) but should occur before reaching a level of 35 foot-candles (367.7 lux). Lights should not turn off before the illuminance rises above 35 foot- candles (367.7 lux), but should occur before reaching 60 foot-candles (645.8 lux). 104. AREA SURROUNDING CATENARY SUPPORT STRUCTURES The area in the immediate vicinity of the supporting structure's base should be clear of all items and/or objects of natural growth that could interfere with the line -of -sight between a pilot and the structure's lights. 105. THREE OR MORE CATENARY SUPPORT STRUCTURES Where a catenary wire crossing requires three or more supporting structures, the inner structures should be equipped with enough light units per level to provide a full 360 -degree coverage. 28 Chap 10 2/1/07 AC 70/7460-1K CHG 2 CHAPTER 11. MARKING AND LIGHTING MOORED BALLOONS AND KITES 110. PURPOSE The purpose of marking and lighting moored balloons, kites, and their cables or mooring lines is to indicate the presence and general definition of these objects to pilots when converging from any normal angle of approach. 111. STANDARDS These marking and lighting standards pertain to all moored balloons and kites that require marking and lighting under 14 CFR, part 101. 112. MARKING Flag markers should be used on mooring lines to warn pilots of their presence during daylight hours. a. Display. Markers should be displayed at no more than 50 -foot (15m) intervals and should be visible for at least 1 statute mile. b. Shape. Markers should be rectangular in shape and not less than 2 feet (0.6m) on a side. Stiffeners should be used in the borders so as to expose a large area, prevent drooping in calm wind, or wrapping around the cable. c. Color Patterns. One of the following color patterns should be used: 1. Solid Color. Aviation orange. 2. Orange and White. Two triangular sections, one of aviation orange and the other white, combined to form a rectangle. 113. PURPOSE Flashing obstruction lights should be used on moored balloons or kites and their mooring lines to warn pilots of their presence during the hours between sunset and sunrise and during periods of reduced visibility. These lights may be operated 24 hours a day. a. Systems. Flashing red (L-864) or white beacons (L-865) may be used to light moored balloons or kites. High intensity lights (L-856) are not recommended. b. Display. Flashing lights should be displayed on the top, nose section, tail section, and on the tether cable approximately 15 feet (4.6m) below the craft so as to define the extremes of size and shape. Additional lights should be equally spaced along the cable's overall length for each 350 feet (107m) or fraction thereof. c. Exceptions. When the requirements of this paragraph cannot be met, floodlighting may be used. 114. OPERATIONAL CHARACTERISTICS The light intensity is controlled by a device that changes the intensity when the ambient light changes. The system should automatically turn the lights on and change intensities as ambient light condition change. The reverse order should apply in changing from nighttime to daytime operation. The lights should flash simultaneously. Chap 11 29 0 • 30 Chap 11 2/1/07 AC 70/7460-1K CHG 2 CHAPTER 12. MARKING AND LIGHTING EQUIPMENT AND INFORMATION 120. PURPOSE GSA- Specification Branch This chapter lists documents relating to obstruction 470 L'Enfant Plaza marking and righting systems and where they may be Suite 8214 obtained. Washington, DC 20407 121. PAINT STANDARD Telephone: (202) 619-8925 123. LIGHTS AND ASSOCIATED EQUIPMENT Paint and aviation colors/gloss, referred to in this publication should conform to Federal Standard FED -STD -595. Approved colors shall be formulated without the use of Lead, Zinc Chromate or other heavy metals to match International Orange, White and Yellow. All coatings shall be manufactured and labeled to meet Federal Environmental Protection Act Volatile Organic Compound(s) guidelines, including the National Volatile Organic Compound Emission Standards for architectural coatings. a. Exterior Acrylic Waterborne Paint. Coating should be a ready mixed, 100% acrylic, exterior latex formulated for application directly to galvanized surfaces. Ferrous iron and steel or non -galvanized surfaces shall be primed with a manufacturer recommended primer compatible with the finish coat. b. Exterior Solventborne Alkyd Based Paint. Coating should be ready mixed, alkyd -based, exterior enamel for application directly to non -galvanized surfaces such as ferrous iron and steel. Galvanized surfaces shall be primed with a manufacturer primer compatible with the finish coat. Paint Standards Color Table COLOR NUMBER Orange 12197 White 17875 Yellow 13538 TBL 3 Note - 1. Federal specification TI -P-59, aviation surface paint, ready mixed international orange. 2. Federal specifcation TI -101, aviation surface paint, oil titanium Zinc. 3. Federal specifcation T1-102, aviation surface paint, oil, exterior. ready mixed, white and light tints. 122. AVAILABILITY OF SPECIFICATIONS Federal specifications describing the technical characteristics of various paints and their application techniques may be obtained from: The lighting equipment referred to in this publication should conform to the latest edition of one of the following specifications, as applicable: a. Obstruction Lighting Equipment. 1. AC 150/5345-43, FAA Specification for Obstruction Lighting Equipment. 2. Military Specifications MIL -L-6273, Light, Navigational, Beacon, Obstacle or Code, Type G-1. 3. Military Specifications MIL -L-7830, Light Assembly, Markers, Aircraft Obstruction. b. Certified Equipment. 1. AC 150/5345-53, Airport Lighting Certification Program, lists the manufacturers that have demonstrated compliance with the specification requirements of AC 150/5345-43. 2. Other manufacturers' equipment may be used provided that equipment meets the specification requirements of AC 150/5345-43. c. Airport Lighting Installation and Maintenance. 1. AC 150/5340-21, Airport Miscellaneous Lighting Visual Aids, provides guidance for the installation, maintenance, testing, and inspection of obstruction lighting for airport visual aids such as airport beacons, wind cones, etc. 2. AC 150/5340-26, Maintenance of Airport Visual Aid Facilities, provides guidance on the maintenance of airport visual aid facilities. d. Vehicles. 1. AC 150/5210-5, Painting, Marking, and Lighting of Vehicles Used on an Airport, contains provisions for marking vehicles principally used on airports. 2. FAA Facilities. Obstruction marking for FAA facilities shall conform to FAA Drawing Number D- 5480, referenced in FAA Standard FAA -STD -003, Paint Systems for Structures. Chap 12 31 R AC 70/7460-1K CHG 2 124. - AVAILABILITY The standards and specifications listed above may be obtained free of charge from the below -indicated office: a. Military Specifications: Standardization Document Order Desk 700 Robbins Avenue Building #4, Section D Philadelphia, PA 19111-5094 b. FAA Specifications: Manager, ASD -110 Department of Transportation Document Control Center Martin Marietta/Air Traffic Systems 475 School St., SW. Washington, DC 20024 Telephone: (202) 646-2047 FAA Contractors Only 32 IA Advisory Circulars: Department of Transportation TASC Subsequent Distribution Office, SVC -121.23 Ardmore East Business Center 3341 Q 75th Avenue Landover, MD 20785 Telephone: (301) 322-4961 0 0 2/1/07 CHAPTER 13. MARKING AND LIGHTING WIND TURBINE FARMS 130. PURPOSE This chapter provides guidelines for the marking and lighting of wind turbine farms. For the purposes of this advisory circular, wind turbine farms are defined as a wind turbine development that contains more than three (3) turbines of heights over 200 feet above ground level. The recommended marking and lighting of these structures is intended to provide day and night conspicuity and to assist pilots in identifying and avoiding these obstacles. 131. GENERAL STANDARDS The development of wind turbine farms is a very dynamic process, which constantly changes based on the differing terrain they are built on. Each wind turbine farm is unique; therefore it is important to work closely with the sponsor to determine a lighting scheme that provides for the safety of air traffic. The following are guidelines that are recommended for wind turbine farms. Consider the proximity to airports and VFR routes, extreme terrain where heights may widely vary, and local flight activity when making the recommendation. a. Not all wind turbine units within an installation or farm need to be lighted. Definition of the periphery of the installation is essential; however, lighting of interior wind turbines is of lesser importance unless they are taller than the peripheral units. b. Obstruction lights within a group of wind turbines should have unlighted separations or gaps of no more than '/2 statute mile if the integrity of the group appearance is to be maintained. This is especially critical if the arrangement of objects is essentially linear. c. Any array of flashing or pulsed obstruction lighting should be synchronized or flash simultaneously. d. Nighttime wind turbine obstruction lighting should consist of the preferred FAA L-864 aviation red -colored flashing lights. e. White strobe fixtures (FAA L-865) may be used in lieu of the preferred L-864 red flashing lights, but must be used alone without any red lights, and must be positioned in the same manner as the red flashing lights. f. The white paint most often found on wind turbine units is the most effective daytime early warning device. Other colors, such as light gray or blue, appear to be significantly less effective in AC 70/7460-1 K CHG 2 providing daytime warning. Daytime lighting of wind turbine farms is not required, as long as the turbine structures are painted in a bright white color or light off-white color most often found on wind turbines. 132. WIND TURBINE CONFIGURATIONS — Prior to recommending marking and lighting, determine the configuration and the terrain of the wind turbine farm. The following is a description of the most common configurations. a. Linear — wind turbine farms in a line -like arrangement, often located along a ridge line, the face of a mountain or along borders of a mesa or field. The line may be ragged in shape or be periodically broke, and may vary in size from just a few turbines up to 20 miles long. b. Cluster — turbine farms where the turbines are placed in circles like groups on top of a mesa, or within a large field. A cluster is typically characterized by having a pronounced perimeter, with various turbines placed inside the circle at various, erratic distances throughout the center of the circle. c. Grid — turbine farms arranged in a geographical shape such as a square or a rectangle, where each turbine is set a consistent distance from each other in rows, giving the appearance that they are part of,a square like pattern. 133. MARKING STANDARDS The bright white or light off-white paint most often found on wind turbines has been shown to be most effective, and if used, no lights are required during the daytime. However, if darker paint is used, wind turbine marking should be supplemented with daytime lighting, as required. 134. LIGHTING STANDARDS a. Flashing red (L864), or white (L-865) lights may be used to light wind turbines. Studies have shown that red lights are most effective, and should be the first consideration for lighting recommendations of wind turbines. b. Obstruction lights should have unlighted separations or gaps of no more than % mile. Lights should flash simultaneously. Should the synchronization of the lighting system fail, a lighting outage report should be made in accordance with paragraph 23 of this advisory circular. Light fixtures should be placed as high as possible on the turbine nacelle, so as to be visible from 360 degrees. Chap 13 33 34 AC 70/7460 -IK CHG 2 2/1/07 c. Linear Turbine Configuration. Place a light on e. Grid Turbine Configuration. Select each of the each turbine positioned at each end of the line or defined corners of the layout to be lit, and then utilize string of turbines. Lights should be no more than '/2 the same concept of the cluster configuration as statute mile, or 2640 feet from the last lit turbine. In outlined in paragraph d. the event the last segment is significantly short, push f. Special Considerations. On occasion, one or two. the lit turbines back towards the starting point to turbines may be located apart from the main grouping present a well balanced string of lights. High of turbines. If one or two turbines protrude from the concentrations of lights should be avoided. general limits of the turbine farm, these turbines d. Cluster Turbine Configuration. Select a starting should be lit. point among the outer perimeter of the cluster. This turbine should be lit, and a light should be placed on the next turbine so that no more than a'/2 statute mile gap exists. Continue this pattern around the perimeter. If the distance across the cluster is greater than l mile, and/or the terrain varies by more than 100 feet, place one or more lit turbines at locations throughout the center of the cluster. 34 .4 BUTTE COUNTY CLERK OF THE BOARD USE ONLY APR 12 2019 BOARD OF SUPERVISORS MEETING DATE: AGENDA TRANSMITTAL AGENDA ITEM:`-� AGENDA TITLE: Review of Draft Revisions to the Wind Turbine Ordinance DEPARTMENT: Development DATE: 03/29/11 MEETING DATE 04/12/11 Services REQUESTED: ' I REGULAR X CONSENT CONTACT: Tim Sn PHONE: X6821 DEPARTMENT SUMMARkAW REQUESTED BOARD ACTION: SUMMARY OF REQUEST Staff is requesting the Board of Supervisors review the attached draft revisions to the Wind Turbine Ordinance that was adopted on December 14, 2010 found in Chapter 24-301 of the Butte County Code. The purpose of the Wind Turbine ordinance is to establish procedures and standards applicable to the development of wind turbines in order to promote clean sources of energy which are compatible with land uses in the vicinity. ACTION REQUESTED: Direct staff to return to the Planning Commission to review the proposed changes and return to the Board with a revised Wind Turbine Ordinance ready for Board adoption as soon as possible. AGENDA ITEM SUBMITTALS REQUIRE THE ORIGINAL (1) AND TWELVE (12) COPIES ATTACH EXPLANATORY MEMORANDUM AND OTHER BACKGROUND INFORMATION AS NECESSARY Budgetary Impact: Yes No X CAO OFFICE USE ONLY . -MIC If yes, complete Budgetary Impact Worksheet on back Budget Transfer Requested: Yes No X Administrative Office Review 5 WI 1t If yes, complete Budget Transfer Request Worksheet on back. Administrative Office Staff Contact 51,;,b (Deadline is one business day prior to normal agenda deadline.) 4151s Vote Required: Yes: No: Will Proposal Require an Agreement: Yes No X _ Auditor -Controller's Number (if Date Received by Clerk of the Board: required): County Counsel's Approval: Yes No X MAR 2 9 20 �1 Will Proposal Require Additional Personnel: Yes No X _ Number of Permanent: Temp Extra Help Previous Board Action Date: 12114/2010 _ - Additional Information Attached: Yes X No Describe: Draft Wind Turbine ordinance and General Plan Policy COS P3.7 Rev. 2003 Butte County Department of Development Services uTt.F TIM SNELLINGS, DIRECTOR I PETE CALARCO, ASSISTANT DIRECTOR ° ° 0 0 7 County Center Drive Oroville, CA 95965 (530) 538-7601 Telephone (530) 538-7785 Facsimile www.buttecounty.net/dds www.buttegeneralplan.net ADMINISTRATION • BUILDING "` PLANNING ` April 12, 2011 Butte County Board of Supervisors 25 County Center Drive Oroville, CA 95965 Subject: Proposed. Wind Turbine Ordinance amendments Recommendation Review; proposed Wind Turbine Ordinance amendments and direct staff to review the proposed -changes with the Planning Commission and 'return* to the; Board of Supervisors as soon as possible for adoption.: Background On December 14, 2010, the Board of Supervisors (Board) adopted a Wind. Turbine Ordinance for Butte•County. This item was brought forward in response to AB 45, which would have imposed state rules on wind turbines and the permit process in Butte County had the County not adopted an ordinance in 2010. As a. result, the adoption,was done to maintain 'local control' over this matter. At that meeting, there was concern expressed by members in the Ag community and members of the Wind Turbine industry. As a result and in order.to maintain local control, the Board approved the Ordinance and directed the Department of Development Services (DDS) to return. within 120 days for a review and suggested clean ups%amendments to this Ordinance. A draft Ordinance with suggested amendments is attached for your review as Attachment A. Your Board also directed DDS to meet with interested parties and review some suggestions for clean up to the Ordinance. DDS and the Ag Commissioner met with the Farm Bureau, Aerial Spray Applicators and an installer of Windmills on January 19, 2011. At that meeting, after much discussion, there was agreement on changes that should be made to the Ordinance that was adopted. in December. Those. proposed amendments are included in this report., We have used 'track changes' to show the proposed amendments. During this process, staff evaluated the applicability of General Plan 2030 Policy COS P3.7 (Attachment B) that provides for a Conditional Use Permit for "Wind power generation facilities". There was a question about whether this Policy applies to all Wind. Turbines. Please note that "Small Wind Turbines" as defined in the current adopted version require a Minor Use Permit. Since the proposed revisions create a 'Wind Turbine Agricultural" category for on-site usage of power generated that would be processed via an Administrative Permit, there was concern that we would be creating a conflict.with the General Plan Policy mentioned above. Staff believes that COS P3.7 refers to "Facilities and . is applicable to commercial enterprises that would sell power to the grid, not those. using the power produced on-site. Action COS -A3.1 e. supports this, which states. "Evaluate permit process -for approval of small-scale wind and solar energy systems for on-site home,. small commercial and farm use". This action item is directly applicable to the Wind Turbine. Agricultural category. DDS suggests that we further clarify the relationship between Policy COS P3.7 and Action COS-A3.1e when we do our General Plan "clean, ups/fixes" but believes we can move forward now with the Zoning Code Amendment and. not be. in conflict with .the General Plan. If your, Board concurs with this strategy, DDS will coordinate with County Counsel to prepare a CEQA document on the Ordinance revisions. From there, we will review the proposed changes with the Planning Commission and return to your Board for adoption as soon as possible. If you have any questions, please do not hesitate to. contact me at 530-538-6821. Sincerely, Tim Snellings, Director Attachment A — (Draft Revised Wind Turbine Ordinance) Attachment B — (General Plan 2030 — Goal/Policies/Actions COS -3) Cc: Colleen Cecil, Butte County. Farm, Bureau Scott Jackson, Power Shacks Incorporated ,Richard Price, Butte County Ag Commissioner. 2'. 2 Page 1. of,5 Jolliffe, Stacey J From: Breedon, Dan Sent: Friday, February 04, 2011 9:04 AM To: Jolliffe, Stacey Cc: Calarco, Pete; Snellings, Tim Subject: RE: One approach to ZO alternative energy standards I think this is a great start —we may want to cite or cross-reference the Noise Element and its authority in regulating noise standards. Let's plan on talking about how much of this would be incorporated into the new zoning ordinance. We may want to provide setbacks if we wish the turbines to be subject to a setback that is different from the standard setback for the zone in which it resides. Dan Breedon, AICP, Principal Planner Butte County General Plan 2030 1 www.buttegeneralplan.net Butte County Department of Development Services 7 County Center Drive, Oroville, CA 95965 Ph. 530.538.7629 1 email: dbreedon(,5-buttecounU.net DISCLAIMER: This e-mail and any attachment thereto may contain private, confidential, and privileged material for the sole use of the intended recipient. Any review, copying, or distribution of this e-mail (or any attachments thereto) by other than the County of Butte or the intended recipient is strictly prohibited. If you are NOT the intended recipient, please contact the sender immediately and permanently,delete the original and any copies of this e-mail and any attachments thereto. From: Jolliffe, Stacey Sent: Tuesday, February 01, 2011 1:38 PK To: Breedon,,Dan Cc: Calarco, Pete; -Snellings, Tim Subject: One approach to ZO alternative energy standards Dan, Please find below one approach to structuring the alternative energy standards that have been under discussion. The current reguations may contain, more detail than you would like to see rolled out in the new ZO.. The majority of the detail is included here for your consideration in that regard. Land Use Matices. With the approach outlined herein, the land use matrices in Proposed ZO Part 2 would include a line for Alternative, Energy Structures (or two, for photo voltaic and wind turbines.). And that line in the matrices would refer the reader. to secion 24-151 supplemental use regulations for Alternative Energy Structures. Proposed ZO section 24-304, Definitions 2/7/2011 Page 2 of 5 1) Wind.Turbine, Large. Any wind.energy.conversion system that is larger than 50kW in an,Agricultural.zones. or. larger. than 30kW in. any non-agricultural zone. 2) Wind Turbine, Small. Wind turbines rated 30kW'or,less,that will be used primarily to.reduce onsite. consumption:of.utility power. 3) Wind Turbine, Agricultural. Any wind energy conversion system rated 50kW or less located in an Agricultural zone. Proposed ZO section 24-151, Alternative Energy Structures Delete or modify Figure 24-151-1 Section could read: A. Location. 1. Alternative Energy Systems are subject to.the following land use permitting requirements in specified zoning districts, in addition to all applicable requirements of this Chapter. (add table.'for permit requriements with rows listing small, large, and ag turbines and photovoltaic panel systems, and photovoltaic.power.stations; .columns show applicable zones.:) 2. Wind turbines shall not be permitted on land within the following locations: a. City Spheres of Influence, unless permitted by the City. b. Airport Land Use Compatibility Zones c. Conservation, open space easements,. or agriculture easements which do not allow wind turbines or. wind energy conversion. systems. d. Alquist Priolo Earthquake Fault Zones. 3. Wind turbines shall not be permitted on land within -1,.000 feet of the following: a. A residence, excepting residences..on the same, parcel and residences owned by the applicant. b. The zones 2/7/2011 Page 3 of 5 c.A property listed on the National Register of Historic Places or the California Register of Historical Resources. d. Designated scenic resources. B. Photovoltaic Power Stations (as is or as amended) C. Photovoltaic Panel systems (as is or as amended) D. Small and Large Wind Turbines. The following requirements shall apply to both small wind turbines and large wind turbines not located within an agricultural zone: 1. Wind turbines shall be painted a neutral, non -reflective color. 2. Power lines shall be placed underground when feasible. 3. All facilities shall meet the following minimum setbacks: a. All new facilities shall be located so that the distance from the base of the facility to the parcel boundary is equal to or greater than the height of the facility, 4. Wind turbines and related equipment will not be used to advertise or promote any product or service. 5. Noise levels resulting from normal operation of a wind turbine shall not exceed 45 decibels as measured at the nearest property line. Applications for' wind turbines shall submit noise specifications and/or noise studies demonstrating that operation of the wind system will not exceed 45 decibels as measured at the nearest property line. 6. Wind turbines shall be placed and oriented to avoid casting a shadow or causing `flicker' on any off-site structure. 7. Wind turbines shall be removed if they remain inoperable for 12 consecutive months. After 12 months of nonuse, wind turbines are' subject to code enforcement actions. 2/7/2011 Page 4 of 5 8. Wind turbines shall not be placed on parcels less than one acre in size. 9. Small Wind Turbines --Additional requirements Small wind turbines shall comply with Wind Turbines -General Requirements noted in 24-151 D. above, as well as the following: a. Small wind turbines shall be designed and appropriately sized to serve the needs of the use on the site. b. The maximum height of small wind turbine towers shall be: 1). 60 feet on parcels less than 5 acres in size. 2). 80 feet on parcels 5 acres or greater E. Agricultural Wind Turbines - Requirements. The following requirements shall apply to agricultural turbines and large turbines located within an agricultural zone: 1. All facilities shall meet the following minimum setbacks: Where facilities are located in Agricultural Zones and one of the following circumstances apply, the facility shall demonstrate the minimum setback distance required by the zone: 1. The wind turbine is adjacent to an existing structure such as a barn, rice dryer, or other facility such that the facility will blend with the surrounding area; or 2. The adjacent property owner(s) consent in writing to a lesser distance. 2. Agricultural Turbines shall not utilize guide wires or other supports disconnected from the tower. 3. Towers over 80 feet in height shall have a flashing red light installed on the top. Aerial flight applicators may request flashing lights on towers 80 feet and less where it can be demonstrated that the proposed agricultural turbine poses risk to flight safety. 4. The top structural section of the tower (not less than one 2/7/2011 Page 5 of 5 quarter of the total height) shall be painted in a white and navigation orange striped pattern for improved aerial identification. 2/7/2011