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HomeMy WebLinkAbout4-20-11 med marijuanaA~U~'E MIN1S,T~~'TY APB ~rloN o~o~IL ~ ~ ~~,f A-Call for Reasonable implementation of c~ c~rFO`~ The Compassionate Use Act and the Medical Marijuana Program Act From the County of Butte And wi#hin the Butte County Code Butte Alliance for Medical Mar~uana 04/20/1.1 The Qualified Patients residing in the County of Butte hereby request an immediate re-direction by the Butte County Board of Supervisors, away from these deprivations of our property rights and of our medical rights, and towards a more reasonable and thought out public policy, in regards to the medical cultivation and uses of cannabis within the County of Butte. The Qualified Patients of Butte County would hereby remind the B.C.B.S. that they do not "ordain" anything under our democratic Republic and that they instead represent our interests and are instructed to henceforth conduct these matters accordingly. Our grievances' against the processes you have undertaken in suggesting this proposed legislation areas follows: According to the public record, at no time has this body chosen to form a Committee or Commission empowered to hold public meetings about this very important subject, thus removing all local participation from the process of researching and developing appropriate guidelines for our community. (Note: we would not view the formation of an "ad hoc" committee that meets in private and ignores the public, like Tehama County did, as a substitute for real Democracy). California's cannabis industry has grown and begun to flourish in the past 15 years, attracting all manner of auxiliary and ancillary businesses, including large investors and many professional services. Yet, at no time has this Body invited representatives of the industry, including the consumers it serves (patients) and the producers of cannabis (patient-farmers), to participate in this process and educate you, as you propose to enact these policies. • Your current legislation negatively impacts the property rights and personal medical rights of thousands of patients and property owners who reside here, in a substantial and significant manner, yet at no time have you seriously considered any alternatives to this legislation or the negative impacts it could have (including potential litigations). • At every public meeting you have held regarding this legislation, you have consistently ignored or downplayed the testimony of a clear majority of the participants, who have repeatedly asked you to scrap this language and to facilitate a more public process that takes the realities of the medical cannabis industry and our rights under California law into consideration. ~t is well accepted fact that the combined legal and illegal market value of the cannabis crops in California makes it the #1 cash crop of this state. Many communities have chosen to implement reasonable policies and taxes in order to encourage the legal cannabis market, while simultaneously discouraging the illegal market. Your proposed legislation would have the opposite affect...making the legal market go else ware, while maintaining the criminality of most cannabis production in Butte County? cc ~. ~ -3a5, X 05 ~ ~n~ ~.v1 For these reasons and more, we request your review of the following Findings, our Critique of your Proposed Ordinance and our Community Cannabis Act (an alternative that creates healthy guidelines to make our community safer while encouraging the completely legal medical cannabis market, in accordance with state laws}. ~ Our Findiags• A) Allowable Amounts and Associations. According to the C.U.A. and the M.M.P.A., qualified patients in California may possess any amounts of cannabis that we require, for proscribed periods of time. Those amounts vary greatly, based on personal use requirements and the needs of each patient, on the methods of delivery employed to consume the cannabis, and on the amount of time the cannabis has to last before the nest likely harvest. Cannabis is a plant-based medicine, and no amount of legislative intent can change the realities of using it for medicinal purposes. Also according to California laws, qualified individuals (patients, primary caregivers and personal assistants) may cultivate, possess, transport, process, use, store and manufacture our cannabis together, in various forms of Association (including but not limited to "collectives" and "cooperatives"). Your public claims that this proposed ordinance does nothing to limit our Rights of Association do not belabor the fact that implementing it would in fact result in depriving us of said rights. Calling an attack on patient associations merely a "zoning issue" does not make it so. B) Determining Yields and Other Agricultural Facts. There is a perfectly scientific method #o determine the probable yield of any cannabis garden, and it primarily involves knowing the amount of available light and the square footage ofthe plant canopy. It does not involve plant numbers, as they are completely irrelevant to determining cannabis yields. Expert witnesses routinely testify about such matters in state courts everywhere, including in Butte County. Likewise, our own Federal Government (D.E.A.} has published studies having the same results and law enforcement officers throughout California are quite aware of this. Your restrictions on plant numbers are a de-facto limitation on the amounts of cannabis that patients here may cultivate for themselves, which is a direct limitation on the amounts we can possess and use? They are also completely unscientific, as they bare no relation to the amounts of cannabis being produced and they make no sense. For example, a patient with 6 "mature" outdoor plants could produce much more cannabis than a patient with 6 "mature" indoor plants might produce. Also of significance here are the agricultural requirements to actually produce usable cannabis. Just as with all other plants, the production of cannabis flowers requires the ongoing propagation of plants at various stages of growth, including male and female "breeders", female "mother" plants (for producing either seeds or clones}, seeds and young (un-sexed) seedlings, cuttings that live to become clones, and depending on the time of year and garden specifics, younger as well as older plants will exist simultaneously. Yet, only the mature female plants will produce any usable cannabis. This is recognized already under State law. Yet, according to your proposed legislation, these farming methods, which are required to actually produce cannabis, will become "illegal". 2 C) Lx~mediate Conflict with Butte County Agricultural Code. This legislation, in attempting to turn cannabis into something it is nat, has created a conflict in regards to the way all other Agriculture is treated in Butte County. As you well know, Properties that produce Agriculture are exempted from all public nuisance claims. If a mound of manure stinks up the neighborhood, too bad! If the sounds of trucks and breathing in dust and pollen make life uncomfortable for neighbors, too bad! When pesticides are sprayed right on the open roads, exposing us all to known carcinogens, too bad! When the cows moo all night for 2 weeks strait and you can't get any sleep, too bad! Yet, somehow the moderate (and arguably pleasant) smell of our cannabis is being trumpeted around as an actual public threat?! This is both absurd and insulting to our intelligence. The legal implications are compelling enough to suggest that qualified patients should simply grow their cannabis with other recognized commercial craps or grow it on land zoned Agricultural, in order to thwart this attempt at "re-education". Cannabis and Hemp production have always been agriculture and will always be agriculture. We hope that you reconsider your opposition to this fact and accept cannabis as a legitimate farm of Agriculture in Butte County. D) Immediate Conflict with Insurance Providers and Immanent Domain. Medical cannabis crops are now being covered by several insurance companies, throughout California and all of the medical cannabis states. Several forms of insurance are in fact available to the cannabis industry at this time, including liability insurance, building and fire insurance, product insurance (for dispensaries), vehicle insurance (for deliveries} and crap insurance (for farms). The underwriters of these companies have different policies on government actions, depending on whether or not any criminal charges are filed, etc... Your proposed ordinance could lead to the filing of insurance claims from property owners and renters suffering theft (i.e. government takings), if "compliance officers" in fact remove any legally grown cannabis from a medical farm. And some carriers (international companies) might not be as forgiving as those that are more locally based, in regards to protecting their clients" assets from administrative takings like the ones you propose here. Depriving people of the rights to use our property (and the subsequent de- valuation of property worth that stems from that) are essentially a form of Immanent Domain, and will certainly become a matter for Civil Litigation. E) Citizens should not be "Registered" in the United States of America. This should go without saying, yet your proposed ordinance actually requires that qualifed patients, primary caregivers, assistants and even their landlords must ail register with the County, in order to somehow facilitate greater public safety. It begs the question of how serious the drafters ofthis Proposed Ordinance expect to be taken, when they liken cannabis users to sex offenders! This requirement flies in the face of our rights to confidentiality under both state and federal laws, and it makes a "list" that could be circulated in all manner of ways that might constitute a serious and real threat to the privacy, property, employment and personal safety of everyone on it! The ID Card Program under the M.M.P.A. is voluntary and it protects the identities of everyone on it by not listing names or other sensitive information on any data-base. California does not require a "list" of patients, and neither must Butte County! 3 F) The lawsuits against Tehama and Mendocino Counties are not resolved yet. Despite public claims to the contrary, the litigation against two ordinances sharing the same drafters as this one is actually pending in the Appellate Courts. Specifically, the Tehama suit is pending Appeal, and the Mendocino suit will likely be re-activated after the Tehama suit is ruled on (they were filed by the same attorneys). So now is not the time to rush forward, as this very issue is pending review in the higher Courts as we speak. G} The language of this Proposed Ordinance was drafted by Outside ieterests. It is common knowledge within the ca~mabis industry that the drafters of these extremely hostile ordinances throughout the state are actually attorneys hired by Law Enforcement Associations that are based outside of most of the communities adopting them. This ordinance was brought to us by political lobbies that actively oppose all efforts at reasonable implementation of the medical cannabis laws and was only topically changed with some involvement of local law enforcement and the office of county counsel, It does not represent the views or interests of a majority of Butte County citizens and its drafting did not involve the participation of any local representatives of our community. For this reason alone, it should be scrapped and real efforts should be made to do the work here and to create our own guidelines, rather than relying on paid lobbyists to "ghost write" the legislation for you. H) Distances from "Children" and 1000 foot boundaries are a Red Herring. The very idea that merely being near cannabis plants is somehow dangerous to children is completely without merit. Many qualified patients currently have children and many more have been children in households that use cannabis, as it has been for tens of thousands of years. The very real dangers created by the criminalization of cannabis, such as thefts or violence, can better be addressed through security requirements, visibility restrictions and by employing normal methods of policing, such as community watch programs. They are not addressed at all by simply banning legal cultivation (and thereby eliminating any regulatory protections that legal markets afford). Non-medical (illegal} "marijuana" gardens will certainly not be affected by this requirement, as they are subjected to criminal sanctions and will be far less likely to receive a nuisance abatement order. This proposed ordinance will only affect legal, medical gardens and will have no positive effect on reducing crime. Additionally, statistics regarding medical cannabis dispensaries and neighborhood crime rates (in LA) have shown that cannabis dispensation is less significant to increased crime than banking institutions are! Should we hide banks from the children too? The actual effect of any i OOQ foot radius ban is to make a circle approximately 78 Acres in size! In order for any cannabis gardens to not be within 78 Acres of the numerous facilities that you claim are endangered by mere proximity to our plants, they cannot reasonably exist on most properties available for residence within Butte County. Also, you have made no attempt thus far at providing a man outlining where cannabis gardens can and cannot be, according to this restriction, and that map would presumably have to be updated every year. It is impossible to even attempt compliance with this proposed ordinance without having such a map available for public viewing. 4 I) The Creation of Monopolies and the Greed of the Rich. The actual effects of the acreage requirements that you are considering are obvious to us as an attempt for large property owners to gain an exclusive monopoly on the cultivation of "medical" cannabis, to the detriment of everyone else. There is no public safety issue here, and this isn't about "the children". It's a blatant attempt to deprive low income and even middle class patients of the right to grow our own cannabis and to decide where and how to grow it. This is about greed, pure and simple. Allowing anyone with 160 Acres or more to grow 99 plants, with no restrictions whatsoever regarding amounts and no requirements that the cannabis produced there is even distributed to patients is a clear violation of both the Spirit and the Letter of the Law. Requiring all patients to receive our cannabis from wealthy landowners and banning our ability to provide it for ourselves is the very definition of classism. This anti-democratic agenda of taking from the masses to provide for the rich seems to be a common political theme lately, so let's be clear which side you're each on, if our right to cannabis is to become the latest victim of the American Class War. ~ Critique of Proposed Ordinance: A} On Your Findings and Purpose Language. You have included several statements here that are blatantly false or misleading (we know that law enforcement interests drafted this legislation, and it really shows here}. For example: The "limited, specified circumstances" that we may use {and cultivate, possess, store, transport, process and manufacture) our cannabis are when we do so for medicinal purposes, in accordance with state laws. While Proposition 215 did not allow "unlimited quantities" to be grown "anywhere", it also prohibits local governments and even the state legislature from imposing any limits regarding amounts as they relate to patient needs {see People v. Mower cmd People v. Kelly). The issue of amounts is clearly up to the physician and the patient to decide, not the state? It also tacitly allows cannabis to be grown everywhere that patients reside, because we are allowed to grow our OWn. The "limited defense to certain specified State criminal statutes" is actually Qualif ed Immunity from being charged with certain specified criminal statutes. In other words, we have the right to affirm a defense based on our exemption from the statutes in question, because those statutes were abridged when the C.U.A. and M.M.P.A. were added to the Codes. California Health and Safety Code § 11362.83 does allow you to enforce ordinances that are consistent with the M.M.P.A. However, § 11362.775 clearly states that "Qualified patients, persons with valid identification cards, and the designated primary caregivers of qualified patients and perso:as with identification cards, who 5 associate within ~e State of California in order collectively or cooperatively to cultivate marijuana for medical purposes, shall not solely an the basis of that fact be subject to state criminal sanctions under Section ...11.570." Section 11570 reads "Every building or place used for the purpose of unlawfully selling, serving, storing, keeping, manufacturing, or giving away any controlled substance, precursor, or analog specified in this division, and every building or place wherein or upon which those acts take place, is a nuisance which shall be enjoined, abated, and prevented, and for which damages may be recovered, whether it is a public or private nuisance". When you read these together, the state legislature clearly intends that our cultivation of cannabis shall not be grounds for subjecting us to any form of nuisance abatement or other sanctions. Your mention of the Federal Controlled Substances Act has no place here at all. Both California and U.S. laws clearly delineate the enforcement of state and federal laws as belonging to separate jurisdictions. Federal agents are not to enforce state laws, and State agents are not to enforce federal laws. You do not serve the citizens of Washington D.C., and Butte County is not empowered to enforce federal laws. The geographic and climatic conditions here are exactly the reasons that your current approach is backward thinking and financially unsound. Butte County is well suited for the cultivation of cannabis, making it (along with the other big agricultural producing counties) the perfect place for a well regulated and welcomed cannabis industry. Other parts of the state will need to rely on our agricultural communities to supply their cannabis needs, just as we provide food to the rest of the world. This 1VIlVIBY approach to the cannabis industry is not thinking ahead, as the increased tax base and revenues generated from cannabis production are sorely needed here. Additionally, creating more farm-related job opportunities should be a welcomed benefit to our community. You point to "the unregulated cultivation of (cannabis}" as having "an (adverse} affect (on) the health, safety and well being of the County, its residents and environment." There are several obvious flaws in logic with this statement. By declaring most medical cannabis production to be a "public nuisance", and subseyuentiy eliminating it through zoning trickery, you have in fact added to the "unregulated cultivation", as any legal cannabis patients that the ordinance would prevent from exercising their rights would have to become more secretive and could not register their garden...meaning that less of the legal gardens that already exist would ever register. You mention nowhere how our gardens adversely affect everyone else's safety. Your casual mention of the environment is an obvious mischaracterization, as it implies some relationship between the huge 6 gardens being grown on federal lands by international drug cartels with the much smaller gardens that we grow in our homes and in our back yards! We all know there is no connection and you should not have let this language through the first reading. You mention the significance of the dangers associated with growing large amounts of cannabis on a single premise and of substantial amounts of cannabis being concentrated in one place. Then you specifically allow wealthy land-owners with large parcels to do just that! In fact, by not even acknowledging the collective requirement far larger gardens, you are inviting single individuals and families to grow huge cannabis gardens (and presumably to sell it on the cannabis market}, while preventing most patients here from merely growing enough of their own cannabis to avoid having to buy any at all. You are only making the real problems worse here, by preventing a legal cannabis market from operating. A "mature" (cannabis) plant is certainly a matter of interpretation. You have no knowledge of the horticultural methods employed in growing cannabis, and by declaring a plant that has just shown it's sex to be "mature" for the purposes of flower production is completely incorrect. You are completely backwards from the truth in your statement that every collective is a cooperative. In fact, every cooperative is also a collective, but not the other way around. Cooperatives are statutorily defined, while collectives are more loosely defined. Ail aspects of property size restrictions and set_backs, as well as the 1000' requirements from everything on your list, have got to go. None of this has any direct relationship to decreasing public safety or to properly regulating the production of cannabis. Such matters are more reasonably addressed with security requirements and visibility restrictions. Also, children are not the ones with a problem knowing that patients grow their own cannabis. It's you adults that really have the unresolved issue here, not your children. Please stop dragging them into this discussion. The entire "nuisance" scheme you have unleashed in this proposed ordinance is harmful to patients, disrespectful of private property rights and completely lacking in any foundation of facts. Nowhere have you shown statistics or government reports that would indicate any public safety threats caused by the presence of medical cannabis gardens. It flies in the face of our entire Agrarian based economy and is unobservant of over 10,000 years of the recorded human uses and production of cannabis. We are not a public nuisance, and neither are our cannabis plants. We don't require "registration" and you don't get to seize or destroy our property as the spoils of the drug war. 7 IIn Communi Cannabis Act: {See Attached) In Closing; Medical cannabis has been legal now for 15 years. Rather than pulling the curtain around Butte County and attempting to live in the past, we hereby petition you to abort this current attempt do de-rail and attack the cannabis industry and to instead re-direct your energies in a more democratic and honest manner. We desire that you scrap this attempt by outsiders to influence our political process and instead invite our community to participate in a real and lasting dialogue regarding the best and most reasonable ways to implement California's medical cannabis laws here in Butte County. In this spirit of cooperation, we encourage dialogue about a possible local sales tax on cannabis products, as well as an optional plant tax and corresponding plant-tag program. We remind you that our industry already pays property taxes, sales taxes far all supplies and materials we use, utility taxes, insurance, local business fees and that we pay a lot of labor costs as well. We already pay our fair share and are a benefit to the local economy! We oppose any "sin taxes" or any mandatory taxes for growing and possessing cannabis for ones own consumption. Where there are no sales, there are no sales taxes. We also oppose your position that any time a few patients gather for any purpose, that we are a "dispensary" and are therefore subject to all manner of restrictions on our rights, We maintain the rights to travel, to be gainfully employed, to contract our labor, to associate with one another, to redress our government, to free speech, to education, to raising children, to voting and even to own firearms, irrespective of whether or not we choose to use and grow cannabis. Please review the enclosed "Community Cannabis Act", for alternative language and a greater understanding of the options available to you in regulating the cannabis industry. We thank you for your time and consideration of these matters. Sincerely, Butte Alliance for Medical Marijuana And Many concerned patients, primary caregivers, persona! assistants and property owners who will remain undisclosed at this time, due to reasons of personal safety and privacy concerns. S ~~N ~rRATjp AAA N (This California medical cannabis implementation model is provided by Jason Browne) ~ ®~o~~ oROVl~.t,~ C 20 Community Cannabis Act ~1F~ For The City I County of Sections: ,Title: ,Chapter: of the Mu~aicipal Code, "implementation of the Compassionate Use Laws of California", is added as follows: Section: Background. On November 5 1996, the voters of California state adopted the Compassionate Use Act of 1996, an Initiative codified at California Health and Safety Code ~ 11362.5, pertaining to the medicinal possession and cultivation of cannabis. As stated therein, the purposes of the C.U.A. are to "ensure that seriously all Californians have the right to obtain and use cannabis for medical purposes where such use is deemed appropriate and has been recommended by a physician who has determined that the persons health would benefrt from the use of cannabis in the treatment of Cancer, Anorexia, AIDS, Chronic Pain, Spasticity, Glaucoma, Arthritis, Migraine, or an other illness or which cannabis provides relief ', And to "ensure that patients and their primary caregivers who obtain and use cannabis for medical purposes, upon recommendation of a physician, are not subject to criminal prosecution or sanction ". Subsequently, on July 18, 2002, the California Supreme Court affirmed that California Health and Safety Code § 11362.5 is the law of the land in California. The five specific points enumerated by the Supreme Court in People v. Mower are: 1) The C.U.A. confers Qualified Immunity from prosecution, to patients and their primary caregivers. 2) The burden of proving such Qualified Immunity based upon a claim of medical authorization should be allocated in the same manner as a claim that a prosecution is barred by the Statute of Limitations. 3) In any trial where the medical authorization to use cannabis is being asserted, the jury should be instructed that the defendant need only raise a reasonable doubt. 4} The C.U.A. pre-empts local policies limiting the number of plants a qualified individual may grow or have grown, or the amount of cannabis used for personal medical purposes. 5) Statements made by patients from their hospital bed can be excluded as involuntary, where the patient is physically or psychologically vulnerable (such as under the influence of certain medications). Additionally, on January 1, 2004, Senate Bi11420 became law, codified at California Health and Safety Code § 11362.7 et al. These sections afford additional privileges to qualified individuals and promote greater implementation of the C.U.A., in accordance with the stated purposes of said Act. Sectian• Purposes. The purposes of this measure /ordinance are to recognize and protect the rights of qualified individuals (patients, primary caregivers and their assistants} and physicians through implementation of the compassionate use laws of California, and to promote the safe, consistent and affordable use of and access to medical cannabis by qualified individuals, pursuant to said laws. In support of these purposes, this body recognizes three basic tenets which are in furtherance of the purposes of this measure 1 ordinance. They are: 1) That the assistance of medical cannabis Collectives, Cooperatives and Associations, as defined herein, will help to promote safe access to and use of cannabis in accordance with California laws; 2) That lawful remuneration may occur between qualified patients, primary caregivers and their assistants, and; 3} That qual~ed individuals and their respective collectives, cooperatives and associations, shall receive the support of this body in their endeavors to register and/or certify their cannabis, cannabis plant conversions and cannabis gardens under California's Organic Food Standards. Secfion: Definitions. The following words and phrases, whenever used in this measure /ordinance, shall be construed as herein defined. A} Cannabis; Cannabis or "marijuana" means all parts of the plant cannabis sativa L. whether growing or not; the fertile seeds thereof, the resin extracted from any part of the plant, and every compound, manufacture, salt, derivative, mixture, preparation of the plant, it's fertile seeds or resin. It does not include sterilized seeds or foods, stalks, fiber or other industrial and commercial products, otherwise known as "hemp". According to the office of California's Attorney General, concentrated cannabis, such as "hashish" is included within the meaning of cannabis "marijuana" as that 2 term is used in the C.U.A. (such concentrates are resins ar are extracted from resins). B) Plant Conversion; Plant conversion means concentrated cannabis and any other compound, manufacture, salt, derivative, mixture, preparation of the plant or its resins. Weights of plant conversion shall not include nan- cannabis based mediums, such as food, butter, oils or solvents, when determining compliance with the C.U.A. C) Qualified Patient; A qualified patient is a California citizen or resident who has obtained a written or oral recommendation or approval from a licensed physician to use cannabis for medical purposes. Patients enjoy qualified immunity to Sections 11357, 11358, 11359, 11360, 11366, 11366.5 and 11570 of California's Health and Safety Code {see Section 11362.765 {a), (b) and (c)). D} Primary Caregiver; A primary caregiver is any individual who has been designated as such by one or more qualified patients. A primary caregiver may legally assist the patient(s) with the cultivation, processing, manufacture, storage, procurement and transportation of cannabis and plant conversions. By consistently providing safe and affordable access to cannabis, the primary caregiver has assumed responsibility for the health and safety of the patients}. Primary caregivers may also assume responsibility for the housing of the patient(s). Primary caregivers enjoy qual~ed immunity tv Sections 11357, 11358, 11359, 11360, 11366, 11366.5 and 11570 of California's Health and Safety Code (see Section 11362.765 (a), {b) and (c)}. A primary cazegiver must also provide additional services related to the housing, health or safety needs of the patient(s) they serve, and must do sa consistently, at or before the time they begin providing cannabis to the patient(s). (See People v. Mentch} E) Assistant; An assistant is an individual who administers medical cannabis to a patient ar a primary caregiver and provides assistance in teaching them the skills necessary to cultivate and administer cannabis. Assistants enjoy qualified immunity to Sections 11357, 11358, 11359, 11360, 11366, 11366.5 and 11570 of California's Health and Safety Code (see section 11362.765 (a}, (b} and (c)). F) Qualified Individual; A qualified individual is any of the three categories of individuals just mentioned {qualified patients, their primary caregivers and assistants). G) Physician; A physician is an individual who possesses a license in good standing to practice medicine or osteopathy issued by the Medical Board of California or the Osteopathic Medical Board of California. The physician takes responsibility for an aspect of the medical care, treatment, 3 diagnosis, counseling or referral of a patient. Under the terms of the C.U.A., the physician and only the physician assesses whether a patient is qualified to use cannabis, by approving or recommending its use. H} Remuneration; Remuneration means the lawful. reimbursement by patients to their primary cazegivers, or by patients and their primary cazegivers to their assistants, for actual expenses incurred and services rendered in cultivating and famishing medical cannabis. I) Qualified Immunity; Qualified immunity is the legal status conferred upon qualified individuals in California. Such individuals are ;immune from criminal prosecution and shall not be subjected to legal sanctions whenever their legal status has been asserted to law enforcement personnel. Having qualified immunity means that such individuals are exempt from the application of certain laws (see "C", "D" and "E"), so long as their actions comply with the terms of the C.U.A. ~ Sanction; Under California laws, qualified individuals aze entitled to legal protection from sanctions that would otherwise apply to them, if not for the lawful, medical nature of their uses of cannabis. A sanction is any punitive measure inflicted upon an individual. I~ Identification Card; A photo identification card identifies a qualified individual and is issued to a qualified patient or primary cazegiver by either a County Health Department or a health related organization designated by the Board of Supervisors (see California Health and Safety Code, § 11.362.71}. Such Il7 cazds serve as a bar to arrest of the card- holder(s) for cannabis related offenses covered in the C.U.A., where no other criminal activity is suspected. L) Confidentiality; According to California laws, information about a person's medical history and personal medical decisions are considered confidential. Such rights to pnlvacy aze not waived due to any uses of medical cannabis. Likewise, medical discussions between physicians and their patients are confidential. Therefore, the nature of a person's medical condition is not subject to scrutiny by law enforcement persannel and need not be disclosed in the pursuit of qualified immunity or the mounting of a cn7minal defense or civil litigation regarding the medical uses of cannabis. M} Male Plant; A cannabis plant that produces pollen, which is bright yellow, is a male plant. The male cannabis plant produces no usable flowers or cannabis "marijuana" and contains little to no medicinal properties. However, male pollen is essential for the propagation of seeds and the creation of new hybrid strains of cannabis. For legal purposes, male plants shall not be included in determining the number of plants in a cannabis garden. 4 N) Female Plant; A cannabis plant that produces flowers (buds}, which begin as slender hairs, is a female plant. Only the female plant produces medicinal cannabis in any usable amounts. O) Ymmatnre Plant; All cannabis plants that have roots but have not yet begun to flower (or bloom) aze considered immature {also called a "vegetative state of growth"). In nature (here in the northern hemisphere}, the final planting of immature plants begins around Mazch -May, when the sunlight is mare in the blue spectrum, and preferably after the last frost of the season. Immature plants may consist of clones {cuttings from female plants that have been rooted) and seedlings (plants grown from seed). During indoor cultivation, more Ight than darkness {such as 18 hours on and 6 hours off) indicates a vegetative state of growth. Such indoor vegetation takes between 2-8 weeks after roots are viable, depending on the gardening methods and the plant strains, before flowering is instigated. P) Mature Plant; Whenever a cannabis plant reaches a flowering (or blooming} state in i#s development, the female buds or male pollen will hasten their development. In nature (here in the northern hemisphere} this begins to occur when sunlight hours are reduced and the sunlight is more in the red spectn.~m, around June -July. Full maturity does not occur until the end of the growth cycle, around September -November, and this is when the plants are harvested. With indoor cultivation, flowering begins when the light cycle is reduced to somewhere near equivalent hours to darkness (usually l2 hours on and 12 hours off}. Full maturity indoors, once the light cycle is switched to flowering, takes an additional 5-12 weeks, depending on the strains being grown. Q) Associations, Collectives and Cooperatives; This body hereby recognizes the rights of qualified individuals to provide mutual assistance and resources towards the lawful cultivation, possession, use, distribution, processing, manufacture, storage and transportation of cannabis in a safe, affordable and consistent manner, in accordance with California laws. Associations, Collectives and Cooperatives may also provide social, legal, political and civic services an behalf of then members. For the purposes of this measure 1 ordinance, the following distinctions are made. An Association is an aflxliation of qual fled individuals where the patients may use cannabis together in private or public settings, in accordance with state and local regulations affecting the uses of tobacco products. Collectives and Cooperatives are any group consisting of two or more qualified individuals who associate with each other with the intent of procuring their cannabis as a group. Such Collectives and Cooperatives represent the consumer interests of their membership and may serve other housing, health or safety needs, in addition to providing direct access to 5 cannabis. A Collective is hereby recognized as an organization that serves its members by allowing them to accumulate the goods and services they require. A Collective of qualified individuals serves its membership by providing direct access to cannabis, through the process of cultivation, anal to plant conversions, through the process of extraction and processing, where all cannabis products are provided directly from the Collective to their qual~ed patient members. A Cooperative is hereby recognized as an organization that provides its members the opportunity to transact business to their greater advantage, usually by the elimination of an intermediary's profit. A Cooperative of qual fed individuals serves its membership by offering network opportunities for remuneration to actor between members, as welt as by facilitating increased financial savings and consumer advocacy on behalf of its members. A cannabis Cooperative may include both qualified individuals and cannabis Collectives as members. R} C.U.A. and M.M.P.A.: Whenever C.U.A. is used in this measure ordinance, it refers to the Compassionate Use Act of 1996, codif ed at California Health and Safety Code ~ 11362.5. Likewise, whenever M.M.P.A. is used in this measure 1 ordinance, i# refers to the Medical Marihuana Program Act, codified at California Health and Safety Code ~ 11362.7 et al. Section: Physician and Patient Rights. A} Confirmation of qualified status of individuals claiming goal fled immunity by any agents or employees of, or private persons under contract with this (city/county) shall preserve to the maximum extent possible all legal protections and privileges consistent with reasonably confirming the licensing status of physicians and the immunity status of goal fed individuals. B) Disclosure of any confidential information, whether offered from persons with or without identification cards, for the purposes of voluntarily asserting facts in support of qualified immunity status, shall not be deemed a waiver of the right of confidentiality under any provision of law. C) Once a goal fled individual has provided law enforcement personnel with a claim of qual~ed immunity and either offered in identification card, or the name and phone # of the physician who recommended or approved the use of cannabis, no further medical information is required. Law enfoxcement officers are not licensed to practice medicine, and their testimony regarding such matters is given no weight in a court of law (see People v. Mower and People v. Chal~os). D) An approval or recommendation to use cannabis is valid for a period of time exclusively determined by the physician. 6 E) A qual~ed patient and his or her recommending/approving physician are the only two people who are to determine the following matters in regards to medicinal uses of cannabis by the patient...quantities of cannabis, frequency of use, strength of cannabis, reactions with and replacement of other medications, tolerance associated with regular use, counter indications and methods of delivery. A physician may approve of or recommend any amounts of cannabis required to reasonably treat the medical needs of the patient, under the terms of the C.U.A. Such physician authorized amounts are to be given the full weight of law regarding amounts that a patient is allowed to use (see People v. Kelley, People v. Mower and Cal H&SC ,~ .1.i36z. 77(b)). Section: Cultivation and Possession of Medicinal Cannabis A) All cultivation of cannabis used for medical purposes shall be lawful when conducted in accordance with the C.U.A. and the M.M.P.A. This body hereby recognizes the rights of qualified individuals to cultivate cannabis in quantities consis#ent with the current and ongoing medical needs of the patients represented by such gardens, as determined by their recommending / approving physician(s). Every cannabis garden shall contain documentation that asserts qualified immunity for, and clearly establishes the medical approvals or recommendations of all patients receiving cannabis from said garden, posted in plain sight for investigations ar inspections by law enforcement personnel. B) Lawful activities related to cannabis include; cultivation of both indoor and outdoor plants; cultivation of both male and female plants at various stages of growth; cultivation of both clones and seedlings as well as possession of both seeds and cuttings, and; possession of materials, equipment and supplies used for the purposes of cultivating, processing, transporting, manufacturing, distributing and storing cannabis. C} Qual fed individuals may cultivate, possess, process, manufacture, transport, store and distribute medicinal cannabis individually or together, in the form of collectives and cooperatives. Qualified patients may also use and share cannabis with each other, in the form of associations, collectives and cooperatives, where such actions aze performed in accordance with state and local tobacco use Laws. D) The rental, Teasing, sale or providing of equipment, materials, supplies or space utilized for the cultivation, processing, manufacture, transportation, storage, distribution, possession or use of cannabis that is used for medical purposes in accordance with the C.U.A. and the M.M.P.A., shall be deemed lawful. E) Qualified individuals who cultivate their cannabis in this jurisdiction may cultivate any number of plants, at various stages of growth, so long as the total 7 square footage of plant canopy being grown at any given time and cumulatively far every individual patient does not exceed the square footage required to produce the amount of cannabis that patient requixes, by any combination of indoor, greenhouse and outdoor gardens. Furthermore, the total amount of cannabis harvested for each qual fed patient shall not exceed the total amount authorized by that patient's physician, for a period of one year if the patient is involved in ongoing cannabis farming, ar two years if the patient is not. F) Qual~ed individuals may cultivate cannabis far the ongoing medical needs of the patient{s) and possess cannabis for the current medical needs of the patient(s), simultaneously, without violating the C.U.A. or the M.M.P.A., so sang as the total amounts of cannabis in possession and being cultivated do not violate the terms and conditions provided within this Section. G) It is the responsibility of the qualified individuals farming the cannabis to provide law enforcement officers with documentation that easily establishes the contact information and legal identity of all garden members and the business phone numbers} of their physicians, at the onset of any criminal investigation or compliance inspection. Furthermore, at the time that such investigation or inspection is instigated, it is the responsibility of the qualified individuals farming the cannabis to provide law enforcement with information that clearly asserts the total amount of cannabis that their gazden(s) may cultivate {based on the physician authorized amounts). It is the responsibility of investiaatin~ officers to measure, taking accompanying photographs, all plants in the garden(s), to record the total plant canopy of each garden, to verify the approvals /recommendations by contacting the physician's office, to verify the physician authorized amounts of cannabis allowed to each qualified patient, to accept into evidence all exculpatory information presented by the suspects and to preserve any evidence seized in good condition for the duration of any criminal or civil proceedings related to the garden(s). (For this reason, taking small samples of each plant, leaving corresponding evidence tags and photographing each plant, with a yardstick or other measuring device, is recommended}. H} Qualif ed individuals may possess any amount of cannabis that their physician recommends or approves, in amounts equivalent to a one year supply where evidence exists indicating an ongoing cultivation of cannabis, or a two year supply where no such evidence is present. Where no such amount has been authorized by the physician, qualified patients shall inform the officers, in person or in writing, of haw much cannabis they use per day {in grams) and will be given one chance by law enforcement personnel to modify their approval / recommendation to include such information, on or before a date set by the District Attorney, that precedes the filing of a criminal complaint or other criminal proceedings, in order to honor the patient /physician relationship and the patient's rights under the C.U.A. and the M.M.P.A. If the 8 qualified patient fails to provide such information, at either juncture, the default "floor" guideline of eight ounces of cannabis established in California Health and Safety Code ,¢ 11362.77(a) Fray be applied, at the discretion of the (Police Chief /Sheriff} and District Attorney. I) Qualified individuals may additionally possess up to eight ounces (112 pound) or 16 ounces (one pound) of cannabis concentrate (hashish, hash oil, keif} at any given time, in accordance with the provisions of "H" of this Section (i.e. for a one year or two year supply). Amounts of other plant conversions (butter, infusions, foods, tinctures, salves, massage oils, etc.) shall remain unrestricted, for the reason that detern,;n;ng the weight of cannabis within their various medium(s) is highly impractical. J) For investigative purposes, only female plants shall be counted in determining the number of plants iFi a cannabis garden. Likewise, cuttings that have not yet rooted are not considered to be "plants" and shall not be counted when determining total plant numbers. Also, immature plants shall be considered in the context of the ongoing medical needs of the patient(s) rather than as determinants of the immediate probable yield of a garden. Finally, only mature, female plants shall be considered when determining the immediate probable yields of all cannabis gardens. Section: Transportation of Medicinal Cannabis. The transportation of cannabis, in all forms, when performed by qualified individuals in accordance with California Health and Safety Code ~ 11362.765, is lawful. As such, whenever qualified individuals transport cannabis, where the quantity being transported and the method, timing and distance of the transportation are reasonably related to the current and ongoing medical needs of the patients}, and where there is no evidence of additional criminal activity, no arrest or prosecution shall proceed unless and until reasonable efforts have been made to ascertain the validity of the claims of qual fed immunity first. Section; Prohibited Acts. In accordance with California Health and Safety Cade ~ 11662.81, qualified individuals are prohibited from certain acts. Nothing in this measure /ordinance shall authorize any qualified individual(s) to engage in the smoking of cannabis; • In any place where smoking is prohibited by law. • In or within 1000 feet of the grounds of any school, recreational center or youth center, unless such use occurs within a residence or other private property. • On a school bus (that is currently in service as such). 9 • Qn the property or premises of any place of employment, or during the hours of employment, excepting where such use is accorded to employees as an accommodation to a disability or medical condition. • While in a motor vehicle that is being operated. • While operating a boat. Furthermore; • Nothing in this measure /ordinance shall authorize the operation of any for profit retail market engaged in the distribution of cannabis and cannabis plant conversions. Such activities are not protected by the C.U.A. • Nothing in this measure 1 ordinance shall create an intoxication defense to any civil or criminal action. • Nothing in this measure /ordinance shall authorize in any way the diversion of medicinal cannabis, cannabis plants and cannabis plant conversions to any non- qualified individual{s). Section: Paraphernalia and Products. Possession and use of the following items shall be deemed lawful when used in accordance with the C.U.A. and the M.M.P.A.; • Pipes, Water Pipes, Vaporizers, Rolling Papers and other paraphernalia used to consume cannabis and cannabis plant conversions. • Weights and measures (used for dosage regulation and confirmation of amounts possessed). • Containers used for storing and transporting cannabis and cannabis plant conversions. • All items, supplies and materials used for the purposes of processing cannabis and manufacturing cannabis plant conversions. Section: Pratecfions from Discrimination. The rights of Americans to enjoy housing, privacy, employment, travel, public access, education and freedom of assembly shall not be infringed within this (city /county) as a result of the lawful uses of cannabis in accordance with the C.U.A. and the M.M.P.A. In order to provide reasonable protection of these rights, this measure /ordinance hereby ensures that; 10 A) Na qual~ed individual shall be subjected to discrimination, for utilizing privileges afforded them under the C.U.A. or the M.M.P.A., by any agents or employees of, or private persons under contract with this (city I county); B} No physician shall be subjected to discrimination for reasons of consultations with patients, the issuance of cannabis approvals or recommendations to patients, ar medical opinions regarding the medicinal uses of cannabis, by any agents of, or private persons under contract with this (city 1 county). C} If an employee of, or any person under private contract with this (city / county), who is a qualified patient requests an accommodation related to the medical uses of cannabis, the request shall be analyzed like. any other request for a reasonable accommodation to a disability or medical condition. D) Qual~ed patients who are employees of this (city /county), or of its private contractors, shall not, on the sole basis of a positive blood or urine test result for cannabis use, be subjected to sanction. Written policies and training information shall be provided to educate all employees and agents of this (city /county) and all persons contracting business with this (city /county}, of this measure /ordinance, in its entirety, and of these antidiscrimination policies. The (city /county) of reserves the right to warn, discipline or terminate the employment of any of its employees, agents or persons contracting private business with this jurisdiction, for any determinations ofnon-compliance with this measure /ordinance, including any provisions of this anti-discrimination policy. Administrative procedures shall be developed for individuals to file complaints against this (city /county} incases of potential discrimination. A complaint process shall be developed for such individuals seeking a remedy or corrective action, in conformance with California Government Code ~~ 910, 910.2 and 910.4. Such complaints will be heard within a timely and transparent fashion, by this Body or a lawfully appointed designee, and the results shall be provided to the complainant(s) iua writing. Section: Regulations for Cannabis Associations. It is hereby recognized by this Body that cannabis associations may operate according to local licensing or regulations that affect their specific operations (juice bar, coffee shop, bed and breakfast, health club, day spa, fishing & hunting club, dude ranch, RV park, retirement facility, night club, etc.... No special provisions related to their uses of cannabis shall be required, excepting for the following: 1) All on-site cannabis consumption shall adhere to state and local fire codes. 11 2) All on-site cannabis consumption shall adhere to state and local tobacco use laws and regulations enforced within this jurisdiction. 3) Use of vaporizers and/or non-inhaled methods of delivery are required in all situations where "smoking" is otherwise disallowed. 4) No minors under the age of 18 shall be allowed on-site, excepting those with valid medical authorizations to use cannabis while in the accompaniment of a parent or legal guardian (note: in cases where alcohol is served, no minors under the age of 21 are allowed at all). Section. Regalatians far Cannabis Collectives & Cooperatives. All agencies of this (city / county) having jurisdiction over any matters involving the cultivation or dispensation of cannabis, far the purposes of defining legal requirements and inspection parameters regarding zoning compliance, building inspections, public health and safety, fire safety, business licensing and any other public purpose that entitles the recipient to special privileges, are hereby instructed to incorporate and implement the following regulatory provisions in regards to all cannabis collectives and cooperatives: A) All cannabis collectives and cooperatives shall be handicap accessible. However, those that offer delivery services to their members' homes may temporarily forego handicap accessibility, for {duration of time determined by this Body and incorporated herein as an amendment to this Section). B} All areas and spaces maintained by cannabis collectives and cooperatives for the purposes of cultivating, processing, manufacturing, storing, transporting, dispensing and using cannabis shall be made inaccessible to all persons who are not members of said organizations. However, such groups can maintain offices and other facilities where such actions are not performed that are open to the public. C) Collectives and cooperatives operating within this jurisdiction shall not use overt signage, billboards, placards, etc. to advertise their location or services, excepting reasonable sized sign(s) on or above building entrances. Furthermore, na displays of cannabis, cannabis plants, cannabis products or plant conversions shall be visible to the public. However, all other forms of advertising that are otherwise lawful in California far adult industries shall be permissible. D) Cannabis collectives and cooperatives shall not be permitted to operate dispensary services within SOQ feet of any school, recreational center or youth center. However, no such restrictions shall apply to the individual, collective or cooperative cultivation, or to the use of cannabis by qual fed patients or 12 their associations, whenever any of these occur within a private residence ar structure, so long as such activities are not obviously visible ar readily accessible to the public and conform with local and state laws relating to the smoking of tobacco. E) The production of the smell produced from growing, drying, curing, processing, manufacturing, transporting, storing or using cannabis shall not constitute an offense or be considered grounds for any sanction or civil I criminal proceedings against qualified individuals. However, the use of any solvents or other chemicals must be in accordance with relevant ventilation and fire safety regulations (see "G" of this Section}. F) The preparation of all cannabis or plant conversion based butters, oil infusions, foods, ar other food products that are made available for remuneration between qualified individuals within collectives or cooperatives shall be permitted only when such foods are made in a certified commercial kitchen. G} All areas maintained by qualified individuals and by cannabis collectives or cooperatives for the purposes of cultivating, processing and using cannabis or for the manufacture of plant conversions, shall adhere to all electrical codes, fire codes, building codes, health and safety codes and other codes affecting the occupancy of buildings within this jurisdiction. (If special regulations are required for this industry, they shall be formulated using scientifically based evidence provided by experts and with full public participation and then shall be amended to this Section). ~ Other zoning restrictions or requirements may be considered by this body and applied to this measure /ordinance, provided that they must be reached through open, public meetings. Such additions, if enacted, will be amended to this Section. I) Cannabis collectives that plan on selling legal merchandise or other non- cannabis related retail services must apply for a business license. However, no business license shall be required of cannabis collectives for merely engaging in the course of their Iawfiil operations (the cultivation, processing, manufacture, storage, joint_possession, use and transportation of cannabis and plant conversions by qual~ed individuals). These activities are rights afforded to qual~ed individuals under California laws and are not considered as business activities under the terms of this measure /ordinance. J) The reimbursement of monies spent, services rendered and materials used in the cultivation, processing, manufacture, transportation, distribution and storage of cannabis and plant conversions, hereby known as remuneration, does not constitute "profit" as that term is applied at law. Rather, such reimbwrsements, wages, stipends and other farms of lawful payment are 13 protected activities under the M.M.P.A. (see California Health and Safety Code ,~ 11362.765). Furthermore, the payment of wages, salaries or invoices to staff and/or private contractors and professionals by cannabis collectives, associations and cooperatives is lawful. K) Cannabis cooperatives shall apply for state or local permits and licenses in a manner consistent with those required to operate Lodges and/or Providers of Herbal Supplements, as these business models most closely resemble such operations (cannabis cooperatives offer network services between their members for a variety of purposes and they allow for the lawful dispensation of cannabis and plant conversions, as plant-based medicines}. Furthermore, all cannabis cooperatives shall incorporate under California Corporations Code §§ 12200 -12704, or under any other California Code(s), as anot-for- profit or ran-profit organization. L) No methods of taxation that specifically target cannabis industries shall be permitted when applied to qual~ed individuals, their associations and collectives. Furthermore, any taxation scheme that affects cannabis cooperatives must first undergo public scrutiny and survive a vote by this Body, in public session, before being incorporated herein, as an amendment to this Section. Any existing taxation plans directed against cannabis "dispensaries" within this jurisdiction shall be re-evaluated, to prevent any conflict with this measure /ordinance. M) Only cannabis from qualified cannabis gardens {i.e. those being grown by qualified individuals and collectives) are permitted to be networked through cannabis cooperatives. Such cooperatives can provide networking services for any number of such gardens, provided that the following provisions shall apply: 1) All qual~ed patients who receive cannabis and plant conversions through a cooperative must receive it directly from either their primary caregiver or their personal assistant(s). 2) The total amounts of cannabis {mature, processed "buds") dispensed to each patient shall not exceed the amount approved by that patient's physician, for a period of time equal to a 1-2 ear su 1 , in accordance with Section (h~ "Cultivation and Possession of Medicinal Cannabis'). The total amounts of hashish, hash oil or keif that a qualified patient may receive is restricted to no more than eight ounces (112 pound) per one year supply and 16 ounces (1 pound} per two year supply. There is no limit to the amount of cannabis leaf, trim or any other plant conversions that a qualif ed patient may receive. 3) The total number of plants grown, per patient, shall not be deemed relevant. However, the total square footage of plant canopy allowed 14 per qualif ed patient shall not exceed the space required to provide an amount of cannabis that is consistent with said patient's immediate and ongoing medicinal needs, in accordance with Section (E) "Cultivation and Possession of Medicinal Cannabis "). 4) Whenever a qual~ed patient does not know how much cannabis he or she might consume, or that person's physician has not acknowledged said amount in a timely fashion, the default "floor" guideline of eight ounces of cannabis possession established in California Health and Safety Code ~ 11362.77(a) may be applied. Section: Investigations by Law Enforcement Personnel. The terms and conditions of this measure /ordinance are the established rule of law for the (city /county) of , under the established role of this legislative branch of government, given to this Body under the Constitution of California State. As such, the responsibility far the enforcement of this measure /ordinance is mandated by all officers employed by or operating under the jurisdiction of this (city 1 county). Therefore, this measure /ordinance shall be made available, in its entirety, to all law enforcement departments operating under this jurisdiction, and shall be included in the operational procedures manual (or equivalent policy manual) of the following department(s): A) Whenever cannabis use, possession, cultivation, processing, manufacture, storage, distribution or transportation is discovered by law enforcement personnel and a status of qualified immunity is posted or asserted, reasonable efforts shall be made to investigate and determine whether or not the individual(s) may be entitled to qualified immunity prior to the leveling of any sanctions against the qualified individual(s). Such sanctions include but are not limited to, the arrest of ID Card holders for charges of which they may be immune, the seizure of property where there is no intent to prosecute, the destruction of property during the rand or while being held as evidence and the prosecution of qual fed individuals where no reasonable efforts have been made to ascertain their status of qualified immunity. B) Law enforcement agents acting under this jurisdiction shall not refuse to accept an identif cation card offered by any qualified individual, unless said officer{s) have reasonable cause to believe that the information contained on 15 the card is false or that the identification card is being used fraudulently (see California Health and Safety Cade ~ 11362.81(b)). C) Any perceived conflicts arising between the enforcement of federal and state Taws by any law enforcement agents operating under this jurisdiction shall be resolved according to the following two provisions; l) State Law: California State Constitution, ~ 3.S(c) "An administrative Agency... has no power to declare a statute unenforceable, or to refuse to enforce a statute on the basis that federal law or federal regulations prohibit the enforcement of such statute unless an appellate court has made a determination that the enforcement of such statute is prohibited by federal law or federal regulations ", and 2) Federal Law: Printz Sheriff/Coroner. Ravalli County Montana v U.S and Lopez v U.S. "The federal government may neither issue directives requiring the States to address particular problems, nor command the States' officers, or those of their political subdivisions, to administer or enforce a federal regulatory program... such commands are fundamentally incompatible with our constitutional system of duel sovereignty ". Dj Once any law enforcement officer operating under this jurisdiction has been presented with exculpatory evidence of qualified immunity by any qual fed individual(s), the investigation is to proceed under State jurisdiction. Any such officer(s) who call upon federal law enforcement officers to intervene may be liable far violating the civil rights of said qual~ed individual(s) and therefore waive any claims to prosecutorial ox civil immunity. Section: Violations and Penalties. Any violation(s) of any provision{s) of this measure /ordinance, by any individual(s), whether in their personal or professional capacities, shall constitute an Infraction. Section. SeverabiGty. If any provision(s) of this measure /ordinance or the application thereof to any person(s) or circumstances} islare held invalid, that invalidity shall not affect other provisions or applications of this measure /ordinance, which can be given effect without the invalid provision{s) or application(s), and to this end, the provisions and applications of this measure /ordinance are severable. Section: Date of Implementation. This measure /ordinance shall take effect sixty {60) days after the date of its adoption. l6