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HomeMy WebLinkAbout84-083z. _ , . ~ .• ~ ~ ,. ~ ~ ~~ ~ °' ~ '~* BOARD ~~' SUPERVISORS r `* ~ ~, ., ~ ~ '`'~~ COUNTY OF BUTTE, S`T'ATE OF CALIFORNIA 11''. ~i_,h~~. . , - ~ .i ,.~: Resolution No. s4-as A RESOLUTION OF THE BUTTE COUNTY BOARD OP~SUPERVISOR5 DELETTNG THE CURRENT TRANSPORTATION ELEMENT AND ADDING A CIRCULATION ELEMENT TO THE BUTTE COUNTY GENERAL PLAN WHEREAS, the existing transportation element adopted in August 1971 pre-dated the Butte County Land Use Element adopted on October 30, 1979 and subsequent Land Use Element Amendments fox the Concow, Chico, Biggs-Gridley, and Oroville Areas; and WHEREAS, the adoption of a new Circulation Element rather than an amendment of the existing Transportation Element allowed for the correlation of the Circulation Element with the New Land Use Element; and WHEREAS, pursuant to Government Code Section 65351, hearings have been held by the Butte County Planning Commission to consider the proposed Circulation Element; and WHEREAS, after due consideration of oral and written recommenda- Lions, the Butte County Planning Commission incorporated certain changes by an Addendum to the Circulation Element and its draft Environmental Impart Report; and WHEREAS, the Butte County Planning Commission found that the proposed Circulation Element, attached hereto as Exhibit "B", will be in conformance with the policies of the other elements of the Genexal Plan, comprising an integrated, internally consistent and compatible statement of policies; and WHEREAS, the Butte County Planning Commission pursuant to Government Code Section 65352 and Section 65353 approved the proposed Circulation Element attached as Exhibit "B"; and WHEREAS, the Butte County Board of Supervisors, puxsuant to Government Code Section 65355, has held hearings to consider the draft Environmental Impact Report and proposed Circulation Element, considering oral and written recommendations; and WHEREAS, the Board of Supervisors has considered and certified as adequate the contents of the Environmental Impact Report for the Circulation Element attached as Exhibit "A"; and WHEREAS, while certain adverse environmental impacts can not be completely mitigated and may be unavoidable and significant, as des- cribed in Section 5.0 of the Draft Environmental Impact Report, the pro- posed Element has fully accounted for overriding state planning policies regarding Land resources, growth and the cost and benefits of growth. NOW, THEREFORE, BE IT RESOLVED, as follows: 1. That the current Transportation Element is hereby deleted from the Butte County General Plan; and 2. That the proposed Circulation Element, attached hereto as° Exhibit "B", is hereby added to and becomes a part of the Butte County General Plan; .and 3. That pursuant to Government Code Section b5359, the General Plan of the County of Butte is endorsed to show that the proposed Circulation Element is appxoved by the Board of Supervisors. PASSED AND ADOPTED, this 1st day of May, 1984, by the Butte County Board of Supervisors by the following vote: AYES: Supervisors Dolan, Fulton, P9oseley, Wheeler and Chairman Saraceni NOES: None ABSENT: None NOT VOTING: None ~/ Grp ht~~clin~ . . AL SARACEN CHAIRMAN Butte County Beard of Supervisors ATTEST: MARTIN J. NICHOLS, Chief Administrative Officex and Clerk of the Board By ~-~,~,~~Pr~-C~c~1,~O~, C I R C U L A T X O N E L' E M E' N T BUTTE COUNTY GENERAL PLAN August, 1983 March, 1984 CIRCULATION ELEMENT BUTTE COUNTY GENERAL PLAN BUTTE COUNTY BOARD OF SUPERVISORS Al Saraceni, Chairman, First District Jane Dolan, Second District Hilda Wheeler, Third District Bertha Moseley, Fourth District Len Fulton, Fifth District BUTTE COUNTY PLANNING COMMISSION Michael Schrader, Chairman, First District Nina Lambert, Second District wren Vercruse, Third District Otto Behunin, Fourth District Alan Avis, Fifth District BUTTE COUNTY PLANNING DEPARTMENT B. A. Kircher, Director Steve Streeter, Senior Planner David Hironimus, Associate Planner Bill Turpin, Senior Planner Laura M. Tuttle, Assistant Planner Mark Radabaugh, Senior Planner Rick Rodriguez, Planning Technician Craig Sanders, Planning Technician March x984 Table of Contents Section pie PART ONE - ~iAS I S FOR POI,I CY 1.0 Introduction l 1.1 Organization of the Circulation Element 2 l.2 Basic Planning Requiren~ents 2 1.21 General Plans 2 1.Z2 State and Regional Transportation Plants 3 1.2 3 irnvi ronmental Requirements 3 1.24 Citizen Participation 4 2.0 Exi sting Transportation System 5 2.1 itoacis, Streets and highways 5 2.11 i;asic Road and iiigilway Vetwark 5 2.12 Tra f fi c Con.cii tions 7 2.13 Existing iiigh~aay Construction and riaintenance $ P ro gxams 2.2 Public Transportation 9 Z.3 Transportation Systems P~fana~ement ~-~ 2.4 Bicycle Ridexship 12 2.5 Pedestrian Access 12 2.6 Aviation l3 2, 7 Commexcial Goods Transportation 14 2.71 Trucking 14 2.72 P.ailroads ~ 14 2.73 Gas and Electrical i)tility Corridors l5 3.0 Transportation and Energy 3.1 isnergy iise in Transportation 3.11 Energy and A4obility 3.2 Efficiency and Conservation Aspects 3.21 Autamotaile Efficiency and Fuel i}emand . 3.22 Extending iligiiiaay Capacity Through Transportation Ffficiencv 3.3 Transportation and £neri;y Related Assumptions 4.0 Financing Issues Related to Butte County's Transportation System 4.1 Fast and Present Pina~~cing 4.2 Cost Factors in I+iaintaining the County Road System 4.3 Future Road and iii gi~way Fin ancin g 4.4 Imnlicatians of Future Raad and highway Financing 5.0 Road Classifications and Standards 5.1 Functional iIighEti*ay Ciassi fication 5.2 Road Standards $.21 ACCe55 and. Road Standard Issues 5. Z2 Erasion and Roads 5.23 Development Agreements ~. 7 17 18 l9 19 2a 21, 23 z3 25 z7 3Q 32 32 35 35 37 38 Section page 6,D Transportation Forecast 3g 6.1 Transportatio;i Plans of Affected Jurisdictions 39 6,11 Butte County General Plan 3g 6,12 Cities of Butte County al 6.13 Butte County Regional Transportation Plan 45 6.14 Caltrans 46 6.2 Pap ulation Growth and Land Use Concerns 46 6,21 Urban Area Growth 49 6.22 Rural Area Growth 4~ 6.23 General Planning Implications of Forecasted Growth to the Butte County Circulation System 49 b.3 Road and i~Iighway Forecast S1 b.31 Current Traffic Conditions 51 b.32 Assessment of Projected Traffic Growth by Planning Area 54 6.33 Road and }Iig~hway Reciuirements in the Year 2400 57 6,4 0#.her Transportation ;Modes Forecast 64 6.41 Public Trans~aortation 64 6,42 Transportatian Systems :Management b5 b, 43 Bicycle P,idership b5 6.44 Pedestrian :'Iccess 66 6.45 ~lviatian Forecast 66 6.46 Commercial Goods Transportation Forecast 67 Appendices,' Including Environmental Impact P~e}~ort. 87 PART Tl'v0 - ISStJF.S A}1I7 POLICIES fib 7. D Transportatian Issues and J'olicies 68 7.1 Transportation Issues b8 7.2 Countywide Falicies 70 7.21 Transportation and. Land Use 70 7,22 riscal 71 7.23 Environmental 74 7.24 Road and Street Standards 7S 7.25, Safety 77 7.26 Special Studies and Si~eci.fic Plans 78 7.3 Urban Area Policies 79 7.31 I~iterj uriscliction4-~1 ~'oardi.natian 79 7.32 Urban Streets and Ilig}ways 80 7.33 Public Transportation 81 7.34 J3ic,rcl.e Transportation 82 7.35 Pedestrian Circulation 84 7.3G Air Transportation $4 7.37 l~~fulti-modal Transportation 85 7.38 Additional LIr}pan Area Policies 86 PART TI}REE - APPrhTDI CES A. I?nvi ronmental Impact Report 87 i3. Iii~;h~vay System Level of Development Planni~ig lOD C. 'average Trip Generation Rates for Common Land iJses W Urban Axeas 10Z D. Levels of Service 103 E. I,Comments of the Citizens Advisory Committee and Staff Responses . PAR'T' THREE - APPENDICES (continued) E. II. Public Comments IiI. Staff Report and Recommendations IV. Additional Staff Recommendations, January 19, 1984 V. Planning Commission Addendum, February l6, 1984 F. Persons Speaking at Planning Commission Meetings(other than staff) List of Figures Figure Number and Name Page Basis for Polic Sections 1. State and County Highways and Roads 5a *2. Federal Aid to Secondary Raad System 8a *3. Railroads and Utility Corridors 14a 4A. Street Standards - Arterials 34a 4B. Street Standards - Collectors Local Streets and Roads 34b 5. Existing and Future Traffic Volumes - Chico Urban Area 42a 6. Existing and Future Traffic Volumes - Oraville llrban Area 44a 7. Existing and Future Traffic Volumes - Tawn of Paradise 44b 8. Planning Areas in Butte County 48 *9. 1983. Traffic Volumes on Major Highways 52a *l0. 1981 ~iighway Capacity m Major Highways 52b *ll. Forecasted Traffic Volume in~Year 2000 on Major Highways 62a Issues and Policies Section *A. Countywide Circulation: 3~fajor Road and highway Classi- fication 71a B. nesignated Hazardous and Toxic 'Materials Routes 74a *C. Chico Urban Area - Major Street and Highway Network to Year 2000 79a *D. Oroville Urban Area - Major Street and E-iighway Network to Year 2000 79h *E. Paradise Urban Area - Major Stxeet and Highway Network to Year 2000 79c *F. Gridley-Biggs Urban Area Major Street and Highway Network to Year 2000 79d Note: Figures which. are marked by an asterisk (*) are found in jackets attached to cover pages. List of Tables Table t~sumber and game Pale ,_ 1, Road t~files in Butte County by Jurisdiction 6 2, Tnfarmal Park-and-Ride Lats an State fIigliways in 11 B~xtte Cottnty 3. Estimated Butte County Road Maintenance anti Construction Revenue - rY 19$2/83 24 4, F'unctianal System Characteristics - Lirban Areas 33 5. Functional System Characteristics - Rural Areas 3~ ~. Population Distribution and Density by Planning Area , 1`~Si) and 2ooQ ~~ 7. Traffic Volumes - Rural Caunty I:oads, 1973 and 19$1 52 8. Roaditi~ay Capacity - bevels of Service Bg 9. Existing and roreeasteci Traffic Volume=s for State I-ligltway Routes in Butte County ~~ ~.ist of Circulation Element Acronyms AADT ALUC BCAG BCT CAFE CATS CEQA CT C DOF DjS~ R EIR FAP FAS FAU FTIP AiPO OTS 01~ I D PGFE PUC RTIP RTP SA1SA STA STIP TDA TShi UMTA Vi~iT 1VAPA Annual Average Daily Traffic Airport Land Use Commission (Butte County Planning C.ammission) Butte County Association of Governments Butte County Transit Corporate Average Fuel Economy Chico Urban Area Transportation Study, also, Transit System California Environmental ~ttality Act California Transpoxtation Commission California Department of Finance California Department of 4tiater Resources Environmental Impact Report Federal Aid Primary Fedexal Aid Secondary Federal Aid Urban Federal Transportation Improvement Program Metropolitan Planning Or~anizatian Oroville Transit System Oroville 1ti'yandotte Irrigation District Pacific Gas and Electric Camp any California Public Utilities Commission Regional Transportation Imp ravement Program Regional Transportation Plan Standard r•letropolitan Statistical Area State Transit Assistance Act (SB 620 - 1379) State Transportation Improvement Pro gram Transit Development Act (SB 325 - 1971) Transportation Systems P~fanagement Urban Mass Transit Administration Vehicle Miles of Travel U. S. Western Area Power Administration Chico Area Butte County Circulation Element Part One Sections 1.0 to 6.0 Basis far Policy SECTION 1.0 INTRODUCTION The Circulation element of the Butte County General Plan is a guide to managing $nd developing the future transportation and circulation System in the County, Our transportation system is a basic support network far providing the mobility needed to sustain our social, economic, and recreational life. Continued maintenance of this transpoxtation system is vital for insuring that we continue our present level of mobility, while given the chance to develop and improve upon it in the future. The intended timeframe of the Element carries to the year 2Q00, with analysis, evaluation, and planning focused an policies and programs within five and ten year timeframes. Transportation is a huge capital investment An important aspect to appreciate about the Butte Caunty transporta- tion system is the huge capital investment that it represents. All levels of government; federal, state, and local, hold in trust a huge public investment in managing, maintaining and planning our transportation system. In Butts County, the state highways form the backbone and lifeline of the County's highway network, while the County and its five incorporated cities serve to provide the transportation network's local requirements. For all of this, there must be coordination and planning both between and within public xoad and transportation agencies and their departments. The risk of improperly developing a transportation system can create problems that negatively affect present and future mobility; creating potential for safety hazards, wasted and unnecessary public and private expenses, and «aste or poor utilization of other- wise useful land and open space. 1~ith adequate information and pxudent forethought we have the opportunity to avoid many problems that could cost us more in the future, meanwhile seizing on oppor- tunities that can help insure a more pleasant and stable transparta- ~tion future. Need for revision These fundamental concerns bring to us the reasons why to revise and update the General Plan's Circulation Element. As road financing, land use, and public transportation issues have changed over time, the original ~;~.xculation ~ Element can no longer ade- quately serve to help guide the County's transportation goals, objec- tives, and policies for the long term.~l~ A formidable challenge to the County's Circulation Element is to clearly indicate how we intend to maintain and develop a transportation system which will help to improve vur quality of life here in Butte County. utte aun y s Circulation lement was drafted in 1971. -1- This Circulation Element was prepared for Butte County by staff of the Butte County Association of Governments (BCAG), who worked in conjunction with the Butte County Planning Department staff. The five cities of Butte County and the California Department of Transportation were consulted throughout this plan's development regarding their input and concerns. 1.1 grganizatiori 'of the Circulation Element The Element is organized into three basic components and should be read accordingly. The first comp anent, Part One-Basis for Policy, is intended to be an analytical and descriptive basis for devel- oping a transportation policy, and includes Sections l.0 through 6.0. The second component, Transportation issues and Policies, is found in Section 7.0 and sets forth Butte County's countywide and urban area transportation baa~.s, objectives, policies, and programs to the year 2000. The Appendices contains additional information and data supplements referred to by the previous text, including the Element's environmental impact report. 1.2 Basic Planning Requirements A number of state planning laws and regulations relate directly and indirectly to the development of the Butte County Circulation Element. Among these are state requirements involving the develop- ment of general plans, local regional transportation plans, state transportation plans and environmental impact review and reporting. It is also important to coordinate transportation plans as they relate to each city's general plan and its spheres of influence. Also, consistency should be found between the Circulation Element and the Butte County Regional Transportation Plan and County Air Quality Plan. Although state planning requirements leave local government's substantial discretion regarding the level of citizen participation during preparation of their plans, an active citizen participation program regarding planning issues is always a benefit to the local planning process. 1.21 Genexal P-bans Each incorporated city and county in California is required to prepare and maintain a comprehensive general plan which sets forth objectives, principles, standards, and plan p raposals regarding its future development.(1) The general plan must contain nine mandatory elements and must meet minimum standards in the law. One of these required elements is a circulation element, which shall consist of the general location and extent of existing and proposed major thoroughfares, transportation routes, terminals, and other local public utilities and facilities, all correlated with the land~use tote sta utes cover~.ng oca planning laws are found in the California Government Code commencing with Title 7 - Planning and hand Use. -~- element of the general plan. (:7.} The Ci.r.c.ulation Element must be consistent with other portions of the Genera]. Plan 'and its elements comprising of an integrated, internally consistent, and compatible statement of policies.(2) It is the option of Butte County to combine elements to its General Plan as long as they still comply with the minimum requirements set forth for each of the mandated elements. Planning law requires that the County's zoning be consistent with the General Plan. (~3) Zoning which is not consistent with the General Plan shall be changed so that it is consistent with the plan. 1.22 State and Regional 'i~ransportation Plans Transportation planning agencies involved in developing and main- taining Butte County's regional and countywide circulation system include the California Transportation Commission (CTC) and the Butte County Association of Governments (BCAG}. Caltrans is responsible for implementing statewide policy of the CTC. Both the CTC and BCAG are required to develop and maintain respective state and regional transportation plans which rely on input from local city and county government general plans, including their respective circulation elements. The major emphasis of the Butte County Regional Transportation Plan (RTP} regards transportation improvements which are needed during the next five years. New transportation projects that. plan to utilize state ar federal monies must be included in the RTP. Projects for maintenance, rehabilitation and reconstruction are not included in the RTP.() The. Butte County RTP is prepared and updated by BCAG and used as a guide for preparing BCAG's annual Regional Transportation improvement Program (RTIP} and Federal Transportation Improvement Program (FTIP), The Butte County RTIP annually describes and sets priority for new transportation pro}acts proposed and needed in Butte County during the next, five year period, and the FTIP sets priorities for federally funded transportation projects in the Chico urban area. The planning relationship between the RTP and the County's Circu- lation Element is parallel. The Circulation Element's countywide guidance and programs, however, should precede and influence those programs stated in the RTP. The principle differences between the Circulation Element and the RTP is that the former is intended to provide more long-term transportation planning guidance as part of the County's General Plan while the later focuses on shorter term trans- portation development programs that include both city and county plans. ~ overnment o e ect~on (2) Government Code Section 85300.5 (3} Government Cade Section 858b0(a) (4) Government Code Section 65082 -3- State law has been interpreted to allow county circulation elements and regional transportation plans to be written as one document, as long as the mandated requirements of each plan is adequately covered in th.e cQmfiaine.d docu~ent .. The Circulation Element should act as a maj~br s,QUxce of ~nformatiori for future. RTP updates . 1.23 Environmental Requirements The California Environmental Quality Act (CEQA) and the federal Clean Air Act are the most significant pieces of environmental . legislation affecting local transpo rtat~.on planning in Butte County. CEQA requires that an environmental impact report (E.i.R.) be written when a pxoposed action could have a significant effect upon the environment. An E.I.R. is a public disclosure document and compliance should lead to an attempt for complete and substan- tiated information which describes the range of potential environ- mental impacts that could be caused by a proposed action or project; and the methods and extent of commitments to implement mitigation of any significant environmental impacts. Some of the significant environmental impacts typical of transportation projects include cumulative impacts caused by growth accommodation, direct and indirect impacts on air quality, noise, wildlife habitat, open space, scenic quality, and water quality. The Clean Air Act requires that non-attainment air quality areas such as Butte County develop and implement a non-attainment air quality plan which shows how to meet federal air quality standards by no later than 1987. The Act affects transportation plans by requiring that certain air quality enhancing transportation planning measures be implemented if the air quality standards cannot be met by cantxals on stationary and area sources and motor vehicle emissions. Butte County is a marginal non-attainment area for ozone, carbon monoxide, and total suspended particulate, but is pxesently not required to implement any transportation programs to improve its air quality to meet federal clean air standards. 1.24 Citizen Participation Public participation and involvement in the planning process is the keystone to an open and democratic pxocess of government, The public's involvement through informative meetings, publicity, and public hearings is an essential component to developing a comprehensive general plan, including any of its mandatory elements. To this end, the development of this Circulation Element included a number of informative workshop meetings and publicity releases throughout the County at the beginning of the formal public review process. -4- Section 2.0 EXISTING TRANSPORTATION SYSTEM This section describes the existing Butte County transportation system. The general physical situation and capacity of the County's road; street and highway network is described, as well as current pro grams involving public transportation, transportation systems management, bicycle ridership, pedestrian access, aviation and commercial goods transportation, including utility corridors. 2.1 Roads. Streets and Hi~hwavs Roads, streets and highways provide the backbone to circulation in and through Butte County. The following describes basic characteristics of the County's road system, its traffic levels, and maintenance programs. 2.11 Basic Road and Hi hway Network Butte County's road and highway network provides land access at a regional, countywide, urban area and local 1eve1. This network is classified functionally in Section 5.0. Improvement stan- dards and programs axe related according to the kind of traffic service and accessabi:lity they are to provide, The functional classifications described in Section 5.0 briefly include: Prince al Arterials [urban and rural) - Including major s a e ~g way rou es connect~n g utte County to the rest of the region and largest infra-city streets. Minor Arterials (urban and rural] - Including major urban area streets an ig ways an ma}or rural roads and highways that canned the County's cities, communities and many rural population centers. Collectors {urban major and minor rural) - Including roads an s ree s w iG prove. a acCe55 rom oval streets and roads to arterials. I.acal Streets and Roads {urban and rural} an s reefs t at provz a erect access to not intended to service large amounts of serving commercial and industrial traffic local streets, but are built to different commercial and industrial access needs. - Including roads properties and are traffic. Streets often function like standards to serve Figure I on the fallowing page illustrates the network of State and County highways .and roads. -5- STA. c AND COUNTY HIGHWAYS AND ROADS FIGURE I STATE HIGHWAY COUNTY RQAD i AIRPORT .i In rural valley areas, arterials serve to connect communities and rural service centers to regional arterials and larger communities and cities. The main purpose of rural valley collectors is to provide efficient farm to market access for agricultural goods, services and commodities. In the rural foothill and mountain areas, arterials provide the direct surface transportation link between foothill and mountain communities and major arterials and population centers located in the Sacramento Va11ey. The only paved highways which cross the mountains east of Butte County from the Sacramento Valley are State Routes 3Z and 70. There axe eight governmental jurisdictions in Butte County who are responsible far public road maintenance and construction. All total, there are approximately 2,230 public road miles in Butte County, of which the Gounty is responsible for 1,377.4 miles, Road miles by jurisdiction are listed in the following table; Table 1 Road 'tiles in Butte County by Jurisdiction Jurisdiction Road Miles State of California 181,3 Butte County 1,377.4 City of Biggs 8.7 City of Chico 1x0.1 City of Gridley 21.7 City of 4roville 71.0 Town of Paradise 88.1 U. S. Forest Service 442.0 ,~ Source: Butte County Regional Transportation Plan, Butte County Association of Governments, 1982 The 1982 Butte County RTP estimates that there were slightly more than two million average daily vehicle miles of travel (VMT) in 1978.1) u e oun y egiona ransportation Plan, BCAG, 1982, pg. II-7. _~,W Travel in the County's rural areas accounted for 49.9 percent of the total VAlT, while urban area travel accounted for the remain- ing 50.1 percent, including; Chico, 26.8 percent; Orovi.lle, 13,9 percent; Paradise, 7.2 percent; and Gridley, 2.2 percent. Also, 1978 vehicle registration data for Butte County shows over 63,000 automobiles, about 2b,500 commercial trucks, and about 5,300 motorcycles. (1) 2.12 Traffic Conditions. As expected, Butte County's busiest highways are those that serve as urban area arterials in Chico, Orovilie and Paradise. Tn the Chico area, a number of city maintained streets and a few county maintained streets exceed annual average daily traffic (AADT) counts of 20,000. Generally, segments: of mast 4-lane surface streets will approach or exceed the 20,000 AADT level in Chico. In Orovalle, peak traffic counts over 20,000 AADT occur on Orovilie Dam Boulevard (SR 162) east of SR 70. Traffic volumes in the remainder of the Oroville area are significantly lower than along State Route i62. Peak traffic volumes in the Paradise area occur an the Skyway between Pearson and Billie Roads. Traffic counts on the Skyway in County jurisdiction at the southern and northern. town Limits are both in the range of 10,000 AADT. In Gridley, peak traffic volumes occur on State Route 99. Traffic growth in Butte County has roughly paralleled population growth since the early 1970's. The County's largest traffic volume growth occurred in and between the Chico, Ornville and Paradise urban areas during that period. Butte County traffic growth is discussed further in Section 6.0 - Transportation Fore- cast. Presently, Butte County's arterial roads and highways generally have adequate capacity to accommodate existing traffic volumes. However, several major highways axe presently nearing capacity, including State Route 99, south of Chico to Pentz Road; and the Skyway, north of the Paradise town limits to approximately Coutolenc Road, Tn Oroville, roadway constrictions caused by~.two railroad overcrossings on Ora Dam Boulevard (west of Lincoln) present a safety and capacity problem which is in need of immediate correc- tion. Another existing safety problem occurs at the histor~.cal , but narrow, Gianella Bridge on State Route 32 at the Butte-Glenn County lane on the Sacramento River. Other existing highway improve- ment needs are related to road maintenance and safety projects in the County. Future road and highway needs and forecasts axe further developed in Section 5.0. Butte County Regional Transportation Plan, BCAG, 1982. -7- ~~.13 Existin l~Ti ,hway Construction and maintenance Pro rams Highway construction and maintenance programs respond to existing highway needs in two general ways. First, there are on-going, unscheduled road programs that respond to maintenance needs caused by unpredictable road wear or failure, damage from accidents or vandalism, or damage fxom natural events such as floods, wind, slides, and freezing temperatures. Second, there are scheduled road maintenance and construction programs which respond to planned roadway maintenance and safety improvements, as well as to demands for new roads and capacity increases. In recent years, the availability of local, state and fedexal road funds has often been a majar constraint to implementing an adequate and timely road maintenance and construction program. Respective city, county regional and state governments in Butte County each develop annual or-semi-annual road maintenance and construction program schedules for xoadways antler their jurisdiction. At the state level , Caltrans~ annuall~r updates and su~%ts to th.e California Transportation Commission (;CTC)- a proposed State Trans- portation Improvement Program (PSTTP), tFie CTC adopts a final STIP annually, as described in subsection .l.22. The Butte County Association of Governments (BCAG) is responsible for a number of countywide planning concerns, including ai.r quality planning and regional transportation planning. Part of BCAG*s responsibility is to prepare and update the County's Regional Transportation Plan (RTP), and Regional Transportation Improvement Program (RTIP), as mentioned in subsection 1.22, Also, at the County level, the Public Works Department is responsible far proposing a list of priority rural road projects which are anti- cipated to be funded by federal secondary road funds (Federal Aid to Secondary - FAS). Butte County's FAS priority list currently presents one project per year. The FAS priority list is included in the RTP. The County's FAS designated roads are indicated by Figure 2. In urban areas, streets and highways which serve as major arterials or collectors are usually designated as Federal Aid to Urban (FAU) routes. Projects on these urban streets and highways may be proposed for federal FAU funding. 2.2 Public Transportation The level. of public transportation service in Butte County increased dramatically in 1981 and 1982 with the start-~up of three fixed route and scheduled bus systems. The intercity Butte County Transit System (BCT) began service in June, 1981, by providing weekday service between the communities of Chico and Oroville, Chico and Paradise, and Oroville and Palermo-Gridley-Biggs. The Oroville Transit System (0 TS) began serving the Oroville urban area in July, 1.981, with a weekday, 2-bus, fixed route system. The Chico Area Transit System began serving the Chico urban area in February, 1982, with a five route, full week bus service. -8- Figuxe 2 Fedexai Aid to Secondaxy Road System {see jacket} The first year of operation was highly successful for the $CT system as ridership increased steadily into the second year, exceeding minimum fare box requirements -set by the state. (1) By the second half of 1982, SCT commuter ridership had increased beyond the capacity of the system and temporary relief was sought by a bus sharing agreement with the City of Chico which made larger 30.-passenger Chico buses available while the Co~~:xnty applied for funding of larger buses. It is estimated that BCT carried about 1.5 percent of all personal trips between Chico and Paradise and near 2.0 percent of the personal trips between Chico and Oroville in 19$2. The bus systems serving the Chico and Oroville urban areas have experienced increasing ridexs}iip rates since their start-ups. The Chico system should continue to expand its ridership as a result of improved routing and scheduling. The Oroville system has had steadily improving fare box revenue since its start-up. Other public transportation programs currently in Bubte County include the following: Chico Clipper - This is a taxi dial-a-ride service to the elderly and handicapped and operates daily in the Chico area. Oraville Express - This is a dial-a-ride service to the. elderly and handicapped and operates daily in the Oroville area. Paradise Express - This is also a dial-a-ride service to the elderly and handicapped and operates daily except 5unday,~ in the Paradise area. Gridley Golden Feather Flyer - This daily dial-a-xi de service operates in the Gridley area, The only private bus carrier operating in Butte County is Greyhound Bus Company, which serves Chico, Gridley, Oroville and Paradise an a re gional and state-wide basis. Traditionally, the California Public Utilities Commission (PUC) has set routes far private inter- state bus, companies operating ~vithin the state on t}ie basis of providing much needed re gional and state-wide bus connection to the state's small, rural communities. ~tawever, the federal Bus Regulatory Reform Act of 1982 allows these bus companies to .cut or reduce service an unprofitable routes such as those serving, lightly populated rural areas. Tl~e immedate affect has been far companies like Greyhound to begin drop}ping smaller, remote commun- ities from their service and reduce service to other cities. The full implications of the Bus Regulatory Reform Act on Butte County is still unclear. pera Ong a a or isca ears 1983-82, 1982-83 to 12/31. -9- Regional and state-wide passenger rail connections are provided by Amtrak, with its twice-a-day stop at Ghico. Butte Count}r began receiving Amtrak services after spring, 1982, Evhen the re-routing of the Coast Starlight [Seattle to Los Angeles) included mare heavily populated east side Sacramento Valley communities including Chico, Marysville, Roseville and Sacramento. The effect of the re-routing was to increase mid Sacramento Valley patronage by about a third during the first six months. 2.3 Trans ortation Systems Ntana~;ement Transportation Systems Management (TSP~!) is a composite term used to define a variety of transportation programs which help to make better use of existing services and facilities. The benefits of TSM are realized through increasing system efficiency while decreasing capital. costs. TSM includes such transportation concepts as ridesharing and carpooling, park-and-ride lots, traffic flow improvements and signal synchronization, and bimodal integration and route scheduling between public transit, ridesharing and urban bicycle programs. Caltrans has also constructed a limited number of bus turnouts and shelters on state highways in butte County urban areas. The cities of Butte County have been active, as the need arises with traffic flow improvements and signal synchronization. Formal park-and-ride cats have been constructed on State Route 70 at Grand Avenue in Oroville (JO parking places and 4 bike lockers) and on State Route 32 at Fir Street in Chico (44 parking places and 8 bike lockers). Also, Caltrans has identified eleven informal park-and-ride lots along ox near state highways in the County, as indicated in the following table: Table 2 Informal Park-and-Ride Lots on State Highways in Butte County 1. SR 7D at Robinson's Center (southwest side), 2. SR 70 at Palermo Raad (gravelled lot on southeast corner). 3. SR 70 at Oroville Dam Blvd. [in front of Caltrans Maintenance Station. 4. SR 70 at ~~gontgomexy Street (on gravelled shoulder). 5. SR 7D at SR 149 (an gravelled shoulder}. 6. 5R 99 at Edgars Slough and Skyway (on gravelled shoulder). 7. SR 99 at Pentz-Durham Road (on soft shoulder). 8. SR 99 at SR 149 (parking on gravel), 9, SR 99 at SR 162 {parking on gravel). 1D, SR 32 at Bartlett (along street and in adjacent lot at Shell Station. ll. SR 99 at East Park Ave. (paxking along street) . Source: Park and Ride Locations tivithin District 03, Caltrans, January 22, 1981. -.lD- Galtrans' ridesharing program has consisted of ridesharing matching efforts at Chico State and at Butte College for students and faculty. Butte County has not been formally involved with ridesharing matching, to date. Two bills were passed by the state legislature in 1981-82 which are important to ridesharing: SB 321 - The bill creates financial incentives for employees to rideshare while reducing the cast to employers. The bill includes employer tax credits, accelerated depreciation and other tax bene- fits to employers providing ridesharing inducements to their employees. SB 320 - This bi11 will allocate funds to the Butte County Associa- tion of Governments for the purpose of implementing ridesharing programs. The first allocation was expected to occur in March, 1983, and annual allocations will be wade each July 1st through 1987. The estimated 1983 allocation to Butte County was $22,394, but has been cut in the Governor's 1983-84 state budget, 2,'4 Bic cle Ridershi Bicycle ridership offers citizens one of the cheapest and mast efficient forms of transportation, particularly within urban areas. Bicycle ridership for work and school commuting, general utility, and recreation has increased significantly throughout the County during the last decade. Bicycle ridership rates in the Chico urban area are by far the greatest in the County due to the role of Ghico State and the urban area's more compacted and young population. The City of Chico has designated specific streets as bicycle routes and recently estab- lished improved on-street bicycle parking facilities in its down- town area. It is estimated that average daily bicycle ridership constitutes 4 to 8 percent of the total trips in the Chico urban area during the six month (May through Octobex) warm season. The 'Yawn of ~'aradi.se and the Cities of C}rovzlle and Chico have recently completed bicycle plans. At present, there are no rural bicycle programs in Butte Gounty. I'or planning purposes, bicycle routes are categorized into three classifications. Class I bike routes involve lanes where the right-of-way is physically separated from competing motor vehicle and pedestrian conflicts. Class II bike routes involve the marking and striping of separate bike lanes along existing streets. Class III routes involve the signing and assignin;~ of local and co3lector streets as bike routes. ..11 2.5 Pedestrian Acs . as Separation of pedestrian and vehicle traffic is required by safety considerations, but af~en the result is to reduce pedestrian access and mobility in lieu of vehicle traffic. Issues related to pedestrian access are almost exclusively found in urban situa- tions and pedestrian planning usually occurs on a case-by-case basis while conforming to general development standards set by the public agency of jurisdiction. , b{ost often, pedestrian access is relegated to the issue of provid- ing sidewalk construction along city streets. Pedestrian eonsidex- ations are also important site planning concerns when developing large commercial and employment centers. The issue of pedestrian corridors for intracity recreational opportunities is one that has emerged recently in the Town of Paradise, in that a system of foot trails are called for in the community's general plan.(l) Similar long-term opportunities exist along water courses in the Chico urban area such as Little E~hica ~:reeK and Lindo Channel and the Feather River around Oroville. 2.6 Aviation Aviation serves three purposes in a region like Butte County. First, commercial service provides fast and easy access to other regions by providing connection to major air carriers at metro- politan airports. Second, general aviation facilities meet the needs of private aircraft users for commercial and recreational uses. Third, aircraft are an indispensable tool for the County's agricultural sector. The major airports in Butte County are owned and operated by city government, including the Chico Municipal Airport and the Oroville Airport. Ievelopment and maintenance of these two airports are the responsibility of their respective city governments and airport land use plans are required for each facility. The Chico airport is classified as a &asic transport airport {including capacity for scheduled commercial service} and fi as a 7~,ighted and paved parallel runway with a precision electronic approach system. (2) The Oroville airport is classified as a general utility airport and has a lighted and paved single and cross- wind runway. Two privately awned general aviation airports are loc- ated in Butte County and include Ranchero airport west of Chico, and Paradise Sky airport southwest of the Town of Paradise. Bath of these private airports axe classified as public use airports- and consist of a single paved runway without electronic approach systems. In 1980, 149 aircraft were based at the Chico airport, 55 at Oraville, 28 at Ranchero, and 23 at Paradise Sky.{~) The Chico airport recorded approximately 80,000 takeoffs and landings in l9$l. As Butte County's only scheduled commercial passenger airport, the Chico airport has been subject to a number of recent service changes because of national deregulation of the commercial airline industry and the 1981, air traffic controllers strike. Airline deregulation left Chico without a major commuter air carrier as {1) Town of Paradise General Plan. 1982 {2) The California Aviation System Plan, Volume II, May, 1981, App. C ,.,, T, • , ~ _ ~ _ _ _ larger airlines concentrated the focus of their service in larger metropolitan areas, Chico is now served by two smaller commuter airlines; West Air and Pacific Express. The air traffic controllers strike forced closing of the Chica control tower in 1981 and it has not been reopened to date. State law requires airport plans, including for airport land use and clear zones, to be developed for general purpose airports such as Chico and Oraville. These plans are to be adopted by the County's Airport Land Use Commission (ALUC), which is the County Planning Commission. The City of Chico developed an airport environs plan for Chico Municipal Airport in 1978 and a similar plan far the Oroville airport is now being developed. Butte County presently does not exercise controls on the location, development, and use of private airstrips and landing fields, althouth a use permit is required. Controls should be developed to ensure that private air- s~rips do not permanently preclude use of prime farmlands, that they are outside of the flight paths of existing airports, and that they do not provide a hazard or annoyance for neighboring areas. 2.7 Commercial Goods Transportation Trucking, rail, and gas and electrical utility transmission corridors constitute the bulk of the transportation of commercial" goads transported in and through the Butte County area. 2.71 Trucka.n It is estimated that trucking accounts for approximately 10 percent of the average daily traffic on Butte County's major state highway network. 2.72 Railroads There are presently three railroads serving the Butte County area, including Southern Pacific Railroad, Western Pacific Railroad, and Sacramento Northern Railxoad,(l) Both the Southern Pacific and Western Pacific traverse through Butte County near State Routes 99 and 70 respectively, and the Sacramento Northern terminates near the Chica Municipal Airport after serving Durham and points south in Sutter and Yuba Counties (see Figure 3). Southern Pacific's rail system in Butte County consists of 45.6 miles of main line and 8,8 miles of branch line servicing both through freight and local service to Chico, Gridley, and O.roville. Typical daily operations consist of approximately l0 through freight trains, 3 local freights, and 2 Amtrak passenger trains. e ou ern acr is ransportation Company is parent company to tie Southern Pacific Railroad. The Union Pacific Railroad Company .is parent to bath Western Pacific and Sacramento Northern Railroads. l 3- Fi gixre ~ Railroads and Utility Corridors (see jacket) tVestern Pacific's railway mileage consists of 54.E miles of main track with spurs itiThich service Oroville. Recent typical daily operations consist of eight to ten through freight trains which vary considerably in size. Both Southern Pacific and Western Pacific freight shipments have declined recently due to economic conditions. The Sacramento Northern spur originates in Sutter County to provide local shipping to Durham and Chicn. Freight traffic an this line has declined significantly duxing the last year, primarily due to a shift to local trucking brought about by recent deregulation of that industry. 2.73 Gas and Electrical Utilit Corridors The large scale transportatinn of natural gas and gasoline by pipe- line and electricity by transmission lines must be considered in a circulation element. Pacific Gas and Electric Company (PGF~E) provides piped natural gas to all of Butte County's larger urban areas and also to the communities of Durham, Richvale, Palermo, Biggs and to Butte Community College, as shown in Figure 3. Areas of higher popula- tion density not served by PG~E include Paradise Pines and Oroville's eastern foothill planning area. Natural gas lines also service several natural gas production fields in western Butte County. The main natural gas line through the Sacramento Valley, which connects the PGFE service area to Canadian gas fields, is located in the western portions of the Valley, west of Interstate 5. Gasoline is piped into Butte County from the south (from Bay area refineries) to the Chico tank farm near Hagen Lane and the ~9idway, and is distributed from this point by truck. Southern Pacific Transportation Company is owner of both the gasoline pipeline and tank farm facility. PGF~E, the California Department of ~Vater Resources {D{VR) , the iVestern Area Power Administration (~v'APA), a branch of the U.S. Department of Energy, and the Oroville Wyandotte Irrigation District (OWID}, are each responsible for portions of the major electrical transmission lines that cross- through or originate in Butte County. PG~E operates and maintains the bulk of the transmission line system in Butte County. Nearly all of the electricity passing through or generated in Butte County is routed through PGF~E's Table riiountain substation or the smaller Palermo substation {see Figure 3). Major PGFE transmission line corridors in Butte County include two parallel 500 KV lines running from the Tehama -15- County line in the Tower faothills to Table Mountain (servicing the Pit River Project and Pacific Inter Tied, five lines totaling 920 KV running from the Feather River Canyon (Feather River project) to both Table Mountain and Palermo, and two 115 KV lines which connect the Chico area and Table Mountain. PG~E transmission lines which generally transmit electricity to population centers south of Butte County include three lines totaling 1230 KV from Table Mountain, two 115 KV lines from Palermo and a single 230 KV line from the Rock Creek Substation in the Feather River Canyon. The DWR operates and maintains three lines from its Lake Oroville Hyatt powerhouse Catalina 690 KV, which lead directly to the nearby Table Mountain substation. The DH'R also operates lines from its Thermalito forebay powerhouse to Table Mountain. The federal WAPA operates and maintains a single 230 KV transmission line system which runs the entire north-south length of Butte County and traverses an area near the break in slope between the Sacramento Valley floor and the faothills. The O~VID operates and maintains a ll5 KV line from its South Fork Project to Palermo. -1G- SECTION 3.0 TRANSPORTATION AND ENERGY No energy use is mare impart ant to ~3utte County citizens than that fox transportation. Nearly all of our business and trade activity somehow depends on the movement of people and goods, and this requires substantial amount a.f petroleum dependent transportation fuels. Tn the last decade, with its oil embargos and dramatic energy price increases, there has been a growing public awareness and some adjustment to the role played by energy availability and pxice. ~ioevever, we still do not have a clear view of the size ox timing of future energy pxoblems, or of future energy costs. The importance of adequate transportation energy supplies cannot be dismissed in transportation planning and, therefore, this section serves to provide information and input which could assist in developing transportation objectives and policies. In addition to the tremendous impart ante of easily accessible and relatively low cost transportation fuels to our local economy, the availability of transpoxtation energy is also important in maintaining our sense of mobility. Also, cextain land use patterns became more or less attractive as transportation energy cast and supply scenarios change. A past era of low cost petroleum with its nearly unres- trictive supply has dramatically influenced how our present-day land use and transportation patterns developed. It is, therefore, imperative that discussions considering land use and transportation planning, consider, as best they can, the implications of energy to our transportation future. The goal of having a future of safe, efficient, and well maintained streets and highways and an adequate public transportation system cannot be separated from transportation energy concerns. 3.l Energy Use in Transportation The significance of petroleum to our transportation sector can be appreciated by the fallowing facts: Petroleum accounts far 97 percent of the energy used in California transportation and even more in semi-rural Butte County. The private automobile uses about b0 percent of our total trans- portation energy budget statewide,(1) Passenger travel consumes about 70 percent of the nation's transportation energy and goods movement accounts for about 25 pexcent,[2) In California, the transportation sector uses 62 percent of all petroleum used in the state. Petroleum accounts far bl percent of all energy used in the state.(3) California transportation, alone, consumed 4T percent of the state's net energy supplies in 1981.(4) -17- Annual. gasoline consumption in Butte County is estimated to be approximately b0 million gallons.(5) T;ie relative value of this investment is slightly more than that of recent Butte County government budgets. Given the fact that there is no immediate large scale alternative to automobiles. for many personal transportation needs and that approximately 8D percent of all statewide person-miles traveled are by auto (even mare in Butte County), petroleum will remain the key to fueling the transportation sector throughout the remainder of the century. The potential ramifications of a serious shortfall of petroleum supplies would have severe. adverse affects ppon personal transportation and upon the economy, as a whole, i.f prolonged. (6) 3.11 Energy and A~[obility Fundamental tv the transportation planning process is the need to keep .our society's mobility and reduce congestion. Moreover, our current transportation system has deeply affected the physical struc- ture of our society as well as social convention in everything from mores to funerals. The automobile has shaped modern cities, creat- ing suburban environments where personal vehicles are essential for the most basic functions. (7) Citizens prize the sense of. personal freedom and mobility offered by the automobile. Large amounts of personal travel are indispensable and citizens have shown a continued willingness to invest significant amounts of their income in travel. The fraction of each person's disposable income invested in travel~~kas actually increased in recent years and is now estimated to be more than 14 percent, despite significant reduc- tions in gasoline demand since 197$.(8) One particularly intexesting feature of statewide travel demand is the increaser g use of light duty pick-ups far personal travel. a i ornza nergy ommissaon, 1 Biennial Report, p. bl. (2) U.S. Congress Committee on Energy and Commerce, Report on Buildin g a Sustainable Future, Vol. 1, April, 1981, p. 13Q. (3) California Energy Commission, 1981 Biennial Report, Figure 1-1 California Energy Consumption 1979. (4) California Energy Commission, Forecast of California Car and Truck Fuel Demand, January, 1983. (5) Letter from California Board of Equalization to Butte County Planning Department, September, 1982. (b) See Impacts of a 6, 12, 25 and 49 Percent Shortfall in Petroleum Supplies on the U.S. and California Economies, prepared for the California Energy Commission, Laxry J. Kimbell, Ph,D, UCLA Business Forecasting Project, January, 1981. (7) U.S. Congress Committee on Energy and Commerce, Report on Building a Sustainable Future, Vol. 1, April, 1981, p. 122. (8) Ibid~ p, 132. -'iR- ,A study of national driving habits indicates, as expected, that people in upper income groups use relatively less of their discre- tionary income on automobiles than people with low incomes.(1) Higher fuel prices will place a disproportionate burden on low income people. This group uses a much higher percentage of its in came for transportation energy than any other income level. Unless properly mitigated, *_his inequity could compound a multi-decade trend of decxeased mobility far the poor, elderly, and physically handicapped driving in and between urban axeas. As with most social welfare issues, there are no easy ar clear solutions to these transportation hardships. Butte Gounty~s response to these problems currently involves low income transportat-;ion assistant grants, dial-a-ride services for the elderly and physically handicapped, and subsidized bus services. 3.2 Efficieney~and Conservation Aspects As mentioned in previous sections, Butte County's street and highway system represents an enormous long-term public investment. However, putting this investment to good use in the future by ensuring the freedom of mobility which low-cost transportation has provided for many years will require skillful use of many efficiency and conserva- tion technologies that are already in hand. Conservation is a necessary component to the efficient utilization of the enormous investment contained in our current transportation system, both publicly and privately. The immediate and cheapest opportunities to maintain mobility while reducing energy use is through conservation. In contrast, it is clear that rising fuel prices are always most harmful. where efficiency is lowest. This plan makes the basic assumption that citizens will respond favorably to market demands and incentives that promote increased automobile efficiency and transportation fuel conservation, if given the opportunity, during the planning period. This assumption is very important to many Butte County residents because of the higher rate of automobile dependency required in semi-rural xe gions. 3.21 Automobile EfficiencyW-and Fuel Demand Increasing automobile efficiency leas had a substantial effect on reducing the fatal amount of gasoline consumed since 1978. The public has been both driving less and buying more efficient vehicles that use less gasoline, To further illustrate; a typical, 1981 model car was 61 percent more fuel efficient and produced one-.tenth the pollution of the typical 1974 model auto.(2) Federal law currently requires vehicle manufacturers to produce automobiles and light trucks in compliance with an industry-wide (1) U.S. Congress Committee on Energy and Commerce, Report on Building a Sustainable Futuxe, Val. 1, April, 1951, p. 130-132. (2) California Energy Commission, 1981 ~iiennial Report, p. 207. -19- schedule of gradually increasing annual Corporate Average Fuel Economy (CAFE) standards established by the U. S. Department of Transporta- tion. The CAFE standards for automobiles are to culminate in a corporate average fuel economy of at least 27.5 miles per gallon _ {mPg) in 1985, It is entixely possible to extend fuel and consumer savings by developing further progxams far vehicle efficiency to ut least 40 mpg by 1995. Butte County and the area's federal and state representatives should support such programs, as to the long-term local benefit gained from vehicle efficiency programs. Many vehicles exceeding 40 mpg efficiency axe already on the market and certain low cost light weig}at automobiles yet to be marketed in the United States exceed rates of b0 mpg. (1) The potential consumer savings due to increased fuel efficiency standards is further underscored by the fact that gasoline savings of about 20 percent are typical when autos are driven at 55 miles per hour (mph} instead of 70 mph. (2) At present, it appears that a shift to mast types of mass transit systems (with the exception of van and car pools) will not result in major energy savings.(3) The objectives of public transit programs should be to assure the continued mobility of transportation disad- vantaged persons and to serve the need fox basic urban and intercity commuter needs. 3.2Z Extending Highway Capacity Through Transportation Efficiency There are a number of techniques for potentially increasing a trans- portation system's localized street and highi,~ay capacity without resorting to extensive roadway expansion. Together, these tech- niques apply transportation system management (TSM), and generally requixe little ax no increase in local government expenditures while providing an increase in traffic capacity, locally. ~In addition to the potential to increase local traffic capacity, TSb'f techniques usually provide small increases in transportation fuel efficiency. The follo~,ring are a few of the TSr1 techniques available for use by Butte~County and other local governments: (1) An example of such light weight automobiles would be Ronda [~~otor Company's 4-passenger "fionda City" model which is presently blocked for sale in the U.S. by voluntary auto impart xestrictions. (2) It should be noted that gasoline costs account for about 25 percent of the cost of running an automobile. .0.s expected, this percentage generally increases with increasing weight of similax model year's autos. (3) U.S. Congress Committee on Energy and Commerce, Report on Buildin g a Sustainable Future, Vol. 1, April, 1982, p. 128. -20- Integration of routes and schedules of different transportation mades,~ including for public transit, ridesharing, park and ride lots, and urban area bicycle programs. Impxove roadway design and the ways it is used. Examples include better roadway grading, separation of competing traffic modes where required for safety purposes, xeducing traffic friction in areas of heavy strip commercial development, and providin g extended center turning lanes in commercial strips. Expand public transportation to meet growth demands. Transit growth could represent a capacity expansion which could absoxb part of the expected additional travel demand. Also, reducing need for travel through Land use planning tools could represent a similar increase in capacity. (1) . Improvement in traffic control systems and synchronization. An average car achieves optimum energy efficiency by maintaining a constant speed between 35 and 45 mph. Typical city street traffic, however, is characterized by frequent stopping and starting, which reduces energy efficiency and increases vehicle emission rates,(2) Individuals can also help to increase city street capacity by planning their auto trips as efficiently as possible, 3.3 Transportation and E~~ergy Related Assumptions Transportation, energy, and economic issues are all linked. Funding for the Butte County's transportation system must give greater consideration to energy efficiency than in the past. The following are some of the energy related assumptions that are considered and incorporated into this plan's strategy section. 1, Major increases in travel are predicted in Butte County during the next 15 to 2O yea.rs(3) (1) For an example of hose coordinated transit and land use planning can help reduce projected traffic capacity, 'see the Rancho Arroyo Specific Flan, Chico, ~+•Iay, 1982, (2) California Energy Commission, 1981 Biennial Report, p. 65. (3) Vehicle miles traveled (VMT) are forecasted to increase between 50 and b0 percent in Butte County by year 2000. Truck V~4T will increase slightly faster than for automobiles. °21- 2. The price of gasoline will rise by an average annual rate of 3 percent greater than the inflation rate. (1) Federal, state, and local taxes on gasoline to pay for maintaining and constructing our transportation system will increase substan-. tially during the planning period. 3. Gasoline demand will continue to decline slowly during the planning period, despite mare vehicles -and increased vehicle miles traveled (VATT} in Butte County.(2) Increases in vehicle fuel efficiency and the efficiency of personal txans- portation choices and modes will be chiefly respansible for declining gasoline demand, It is assumed that the automobile fleet will average at least 40 mpg by the late 1990'x. ~. The average weight of passenger vehicles will continue to decline during the planning period. 5. It is assumed that it takes about ten years for a rise in the price of oil to have its full effect on improving energy efficiency in business and for personal use. 6. Periods of energy price plateaus will not be a disincentive to further energy conservation, although the xate of conserva- tion will slow during these periods. 7. The transportation sector will continue to be highly dependent on petroleum throughout the planning period. 0i1 will be increasingly used fnr only those purposes to which it is best suited. (1) (2) California Energy Commission, Forecast of California Car and Truck Fuel Demand, Chapter I: Summary, January Statewide gasoline demand is forecasted one percent per year during most of the declines in gasoline demand to year 2000 on the extent to which existing fual eco lagies are implemented. 1983, p. 1. to decline approximately 1980'x. Additional will depend nomy improvement techno- -zz- SECTION 4.0 FINANCING ISSUES RELATED TO BUTTE COUNTY'S TRANSPORTATION SYSTEM The following section deals fait}~ financial issues affecting Butte County's transportation. planning efforts over the short and long- term course. This section should be used in conjunction with background discussions found in sectians~an existing and future transportation needs and road classifications and standards, 4.1 Past and Present Financing }iistorically, Butte County's transportation system financing has come from a mix of federal, state, and local government revenue sources. However, beginning with 1) ,tlie 1978 passage of Proposition l3, irhich significantly reduced property tax revenues for California's local governments, and followed by 2) a trend of reduced federal. and state road designated funds caused by a sloiti~ed. economy and significant declines in basoline usage since 1978, coupled with ~) rapidly inflated casts of road maintenance and construction, Butte County and its cities have been faced with increasing revenue constraints which have negatively impacted traditional rates of road maintenance and construction.(l) In Butte County's case, budget constraints have lead to the complete elimination of the use of non-restricted road Monies for road maintenance and improvement projects. In fiscal year FY 1982/83 motor vel~.icle in-lieu funds were eliminated from .funding Butte Count7r road operations for t}~e first time, as this revenue source was needed elsewhere to fund County operations. r'Llso, federal road maintenance and construction apportionments for bath Butte County's urban and rural areas have declined slowly during the last several years. This overall decline in revenue for local trar-spartation projects has led to a sharp slowdown of needed Butte County road maintenance projects and a near halt to any traditionally fu~~ded new road canstruction in the near future by the County. As a result of declining; revenues, Butte Count}T's FY 1982/8 road maintenance and construction was funded exclusively from road specified sources, this for the first time in recent years. Two revenue sources, the highway users [gasoline) tax and Local Transportation Fund from sales tax, accnuYitecl for al~pxoximately 77 percent of the County's road maintenance and construction revenue, The following table shaves tl~.e FY 1982/83 revenue hreak- do~ti~n for the County Public 1~'orns I}epartment's road maintenance and canstruction operations. n a loll in iig way cons ruction and maintenance casts has risen al}1?xoximately 250 percent in 10 years . Gas tax revenue }lad increased a mexe 24 percent in the same 1~eriacl, prior to 1963. -23- Table 3 Estimated butte {:aunty I'.oad ;(aa.ntenance and Construction Revenue FY 1982/S3 Source Amount % of total iii~hway Users X2,071,593{1) 44.7 Forest Reserve 215,000 4.6 IIUD Funds S9,b0a 1.9 TDA Funds I,490,8b1(2) 32.2 I'~Iisc. Sales 18,000 -- Road Permits 230 -- Interest 30,000 0.7 Fines and Forfeitures 270,000 5.3 PAS 450,000 9.7 Total 4, G:~5, 384 100, 0. nc u .es a , ~ a 215 funds . (2) Includes carryover from Previous fiscal year. -Z4- The only revenue categoxy expecting any significant increase i.n the near future is the highway users tax; this due to new state (SI3 2I5) and federal tax:>~s on gasoline during 1953. Future increases in TUA funding, a:tc' .fines a:td forfeitures are exL~ected to parallel x oI?ulatian l;rotrt.l a~ld inflatiolz rates, so the net gait to the Co~~:tt}''s road prograr=1 revenue gill lue minimal. Future federal F'A5 revenues are extremc~l}T difficult to forecast, in that allocations t~~ill clel}er~d lamely on future federal. laudgets, nationwide road and transit priorities, anu the future state of the economy and revenues frog, gasoline sales. Forest reserve revenue,- which result from timber and recreat~.oii revenues from Lassen and I'lumas ~.ational Forests in Butte County, are expected to continue declining slightly as To€;ning act~.vity in t}le area slowly declines. llCJll (l;.S. liousing anti ~lrban Development) grants, for road reconstruction in blighted areas, are expected to play a minor role in the overall future of I3titte Cot.inty's raad maintenance program, as are federal bridge rei~abilitation funds. The above discussion anti I3rojection of poor pros~~ects for substantially increased road revenues to balance I;utte County's current raad maintenance needs leads to a forecast of future years of increasing road maintenance deficits iit t~~ie County, as discussed later in this section. Public and specialized transportation system funding for k3utte County and its CitleS Itad historically came from the Transpor- tation llevelorment Act (TDA, SB-325) wi~ich has been in existence since 1972. lie ginning in 1979, fwlds become avail able under the State Transit Assistance I'rogra.m (STA) . The public transit systems in Butte County use a mix of TT}A and STA funds far their operations. Chico Area Transit System buses and their ancillary equipment were purchased utilizing an UN1TA (Section l8} grant in conjunction with local transit funds. during FY 1982/83 approximately ~5~8,600 of transit funding was utilized to operate public transportation programs b}~ Butte County. Under the 1982 Federal Highway lmnravement Act, tiMTA. Section 4 ................ _..-..-funds ._are. _available. for .public _transportation systems that serve an urbanized area of 50,000 or more. Section 9 funds are to be used for capital improvements and operating costs for urban public transit development. Recent annual appropriations for the Chico urban area have been in the range of $400,00+. UMTA Section 18 monies are now utilized for public transportation systems and services outside of urban areas. Section 18 has helped to finance capital improvements and operating costs of BCT and OATS. Section 18 is also used for other demand oriented transit services such as dial- a-ride programs. The 1983 increase in the federal gasoline tax will benefit urban public transportation systems such as the Chico Area Transit System, by ensuring a stable source of federal transit funds in future years. -25-- Funding of bicycle fac~.lities and planning can came from a variety of local, state or federal sources. Local street and road revenues and general revenues can be utilized. The state Bike Lane Account is reserved by Caltrans fox grants to Iacal governments for development of bike lanes and bike ways, It should be noted that TDA and FAU monies can also be used for bike lanes-and bicycle planning. 4.2 Cast pac.tors in r~iaintainin~ t:~e County P.oad System Tie understanding of ;io,~r ciif-Ferej~t road maintenance and constxuc- tian one rations vaxy ~~it;i res~~ect to casts is ir.~~ortant when considering aiicl t~valt~ating ciifforent objectives, policies and ~~rograms contai.nc~d in the Trans~artatian L1ersci7t. Poad:.~~y costs discussed belo~ti' are ~;~;»eralizeci and based on 1J82 dollax estimates. {l} Butte County maintains apr~raximately 1377' miles of roads w~~icji average approximately :~:i0,~300 iii value per mile. T]~is ti~auld place the 1082 value of 33utte County's raadtitia)rs at appraxir.~ately ~b9 ntillio~x. Tlie estimated value of state hi ;ht~~ays, streets in city jurisdictions, and private roaci~~ays are not iizcluci~:cl i3~ t;Iis figuxe. The per mile value of t;Ie state highl•;ays is considerably hig~Ier t~xan for Y,utte County roadways 'uecatase of Ir'~uci~. 'nin)ler aver- age design standards and maintenance reciilirelnents. Slightly aver 800 Miles of Butte Cvunty maintained roadways are raved, while tl~e remainder are dirt or gravel. idew roadway construction costs, including for substantial recon- struction of existing raads, average approximately ~.iS0,g00 per mile for a standard width 2-lane road. This average cast varies greatly with terrain. I•t is estimated that a net~r 2-lane road on the valley floor -,ri11 cast an average of $100,ggq per mile; while the same roadway will cost approxi~t~ately ~25D,Ogq per mile in the foothill areas and api~roximately ~30q,Dg0 per mile in mountainous areas. This sug;ests a tremendous cast is involved in foothill and particularly, mountainous area roadway construc- tion; as much as five times moxe than valley floor roadway construction costs. iIigher foothill anci maunta~.n road construction costs result largely from creased surveyir4g anci cut and fill costs. Oroville-Quincy Highway, Forbestown Road, and Cohasset Raad are examples of higher cost-per-mile xoads in Butte County's rand S}`stem. The cast of asphaltinn for nei~ raads averages close to one dollar per sc~uaxe foot, however, these actual costs are extxemely vari- able due to variable terrain anci otixer engineering factors. Adeciuate road maintenance is imk~ortant in keening the value of Butte County's roadi•~ay investment over. file long-term. I4owever, in FY 1J82/$3, an average of ai~raximatel;l ~1ti00 pex mile was cafe raac~,~ay costs are rough estimates obtair:c:d from various ciiiCllS_i~.o;ls Ysit1~ t~ze Butte County i'uE~lic l;ori:s Department and are furnished for general planning purposes, only. ~.2 6 - btrcigeteci for roaclwrzy maintenance on Cozrnt}T roa~.,~. Al~~~r~~xi.rrately dozable tl~ris amount, or nearly $3l)00 ;Zer average r:4ile is needed to keep l~a.ce i~~ztlz annual road naintenance needs. Inflation of road ma~.ntenar.ce costs artci recluceci roadway bzzcl€,ets have led to increasi~~g road maintenance de £icits sincQ about 1975, far lsutte County. ~ newly constructed paved road sazoulci lfe seal coated na later than 10 ~0 1S years after its constructiozr, and sooner, if jaassibl°. meal coats, ;~~~ic;: cost a1~~~roxiin;.rtel}' x$000 ~~Er averal;e r:zile, are no;,~ t}~f~icall}r ai71.~lieu onl}' about every 20 years, clue to financinti. coz.straiirts. Trre abov:~ shortfall ilr seal coat rzainten- ance cycles 1~arallels the road maintenance deficit 3ust su~;fiested. :Lssumiiig that the FY 1082/v3 levwl of road revenue remains constant z•~ith futz~re inflation rates ;~rrile road maintenance needs remain the sane, the accumulated road maintenance deficit for Btztte County zaoz.zld be approximately X19.5 t7i11ion din 1942 dollars) in ten years. (1) The imialicatiori of the- present anti, future road maintenance deficit is t~rat tare County's road maintenance Larogram is going to lie increasingly forced to set priorities regarding which roads are to be adequately maintained and ;,~liicii roads. are goinfi to lie alloy.*ed to deteriarat~ arid, on oocasion,~ iae converted to l;rave 1. Other road maintenance costs incurred by th.e Cozzrrty include for road striZ}ing and sigr,irrf;, raadzaay reflective markers, road vandalism, snow plowing, traffic signals, road draina~*e, and torts. Yearly road striping raintenance costs about X50,000. The County maintains about 10,000 roadway signs, which have an average value of about $100. Irr 19$1, abazrt $20,000 in vandalism occurred to road signs. Reflective pavement markers involve an approximate X200,000 long-term investrzent belo~tiT the snowline while in FY 1982/83, $143,000 tray spent for snowploiaing on County roads. "rew traffic signals cost about $50,000 each. Road drainage problems in certain urban areas such as Palermo, T;rermalto, tare Avenues in Chico, and Chaprzantozan add to the County's main- tenance casts. 4,3 Future Road and fiighwa~}• Finaircin , :dew state and federal taxes .an gasoline are expected to increase Butte Count}T's road revenues, lro~~,ever, not nearly to tlxe extent for which County residents pa}r gasoline taxes. Tl~e County is expected to continue as a donor county with retard to balancing gasoline taxes and revenue. This Gtiiil be particularly true in the Hoot return of federal nasoline taxes hack to Butte County, as the hulk of this tax ~1~ill be allocated to ot,rer areas, parti- cularly Large rzetroiaolitan areas where tl~e national need is ~aer- ceived to be greatest. 1 ~e amount o .~ m~ ion slcould be used ~}enera] ly, and only as a nethoci to illustrate tyre significance of Butte Count}r's potential for an accumulated road maintenance budget deficit. -27- ~3asecl on the assume tian that }resent taxable gasoline sales in Butte Catmt}r artouztt to near bD r.tillioaz gallar~s~ I)~r year, the nettir t.ra cent state gasalir.e tax will increase Butte Count}= anti its' five cities' raad revenue try a count;•wicle total af. $6DD,DDD ner }rear, per the formula in SI; 215 of 1981. The rer~ainin~± ~GDD,DDD collected by SP 215 t;i1l he uses} vy t'te state t,~;tere it perceives tlae Lreatest xteed. I}otrever, prospects i'or a faix return of ne:~ fivc cent federal gasoline tax revenuGS to Butte Count}• seems ,poor. ~3asec} on current rates of gasoline ca:tsur~i~tio~t, all of PuttP Cotutt}- ;;~ottlci }?ay a'oout $3. U million izl nets federal ~asalizte taxes yearly. Iiowever, t'.te 1~~82 federal ~;as tax legislation clici :iot authorize increased funcli3ig levels for F~~J or F11u c?esi~;;tated roads, thus no increase in federal fundi~tg for t~tese tt~ro important raad' cate~*ories in Butte County. (l) Alost of tite nett rederal 1;as tax road alloca- tion :las been earmarked fox interstate and state primary hibllways (rAP}, which. will benefit only the state highways in Butte County, Tt would alapear tltat the new federal bas tax twill increase the rate at trhiclt T~utte County is a dvnox bas tax county, as Herr federal gas taxes collected in Butte County are spent elsetrhere. The likeliltood of equalizing or reducing Butte County's donor status appears poor, as it trauld take adci.itional federal lel;islation to remedy this problem. From the above discussion it is concluded that the prospects for continued long-term and increasing raad maintenance deficits appears likely far Butte County unless Herr revenue sources are d.evelaPed by the County over the short and long run. Several road revenue generating techniques are currently available, including a local Butte County };asoline tax, fees on new developments to pay for in- creased road maintenance and construction t}~at they trill generate, and assessment districts to pay for new road constrt.zction related to newly developing areas. Butte Count}r is authorized by SB 215 of 1981 to c'iarge a ~+er gallon tax on gasoline sold within the County in order to increase road maintenance revenue. Butte County ancl_ its five cities trould have to agree an how to apportion (usually try population} sitclt a local gas tax and tiro-thirds countywide voter approval would be needed. Tf Butte Gaurtty were to seta two cent per gallon tax on gasoline, the County and its cities could annually divide approximately X1.2 million for local raad purposes. To date, no California county has adopted a local gasoline tax, and voters have over- trhelmingly rejected it when placed on the ballot. e e era igzway mprovement ~Ict of 1982 retained current levels of FAIN and FAS funding. _Zg_ Fees on nets developments to ltay for increased road maintenance and construction that they will Renerate and assessment districts to ;gay for new road construction related to ne~:ly developing areas are two revenue ,~,eneratinR mechanisms that appear most equitable and easy to adopt. I3otI~ tI~e of.f-site development fee and road assessment district concept encompass a pay-as-you-go strategy for new clevelonrtent and, if apl~lieci z~riiformly, could allow existing County road revenues to be focllSeu exclusively on maintenance of existinU roadtirays. Tlxe combined imk~lementation of these ttro financing; mechanisms could Hel}a to reduce the County's road main- tenance deficit in t'.~e future. Utlier nearby counties which utilize road development fees include; ~ievada Cau~~ty, which has implemented a countyt~~ide program that charges fees actor-ding; to the road needs found irr eight ljlanrting sectors in the county, and; iIJ. ]?orado County, wiaich itas implemented a pro};ram that assesses and cltarbes road devel- opment fees for develo},ament projects which trill have large off-site traffic impacts. Two other potential revenue sources for road maintenance could possibly be im}demented over the lop;-term, one at the local level anti another at the state level. Locally, establishment of roadway drainage assessment districts in }areviously mentioned " urban problem areas could help extend road maintenance monies ~;Iiile providing a solution to these local urban drainage l~rolilems. Also, truck treiglit-distance fee schedules should be reformed to pay a fair cast of roadway and Iti~;hwa}r damage. (1} lIeavy duty trtscks axe cause for most of the road damage and, in fact, if fees were proportioned to use-related road wear and vehicle type, truck fees -aould }~a}• nearly all of the read maintenance cost. (2) Tlxe opposing resen ixg tray user taxes, including the truck-related taxes added in tl~e federal liiglttray Improvement Act of 1982 (new federal gas tax), favor heavy trucks. Truck user charges cio not recover the CDStS heavy trucl~ traffic imposes on the hig'.tway system. Numerous highway cost allocation studies have confirmed that Iteavy trucks underpay. Even with the near federal gas tax, heavy trucks will still lie pay ing about 70 percent of their full Iai~;Ittray cost responsibilit}T. ~;lso, the heavier trucks allowed by the ].382 federal gas tax Ysill will, on the average, increase }pavement damage by 1.5 percent. (2) Pavement deterioration is the r.;ost imsortant cast heavy trucks impose on the hight;~ays. Tr~icltis over 50,00(} pounds cause rouUlrly 85 percent of the use-related damage to t:ie nation's Highways. Pavement stress increases sl~ar,~l}• t~rith increased axle loads: a five-axle, 80,OU0 l~ot~nci truck causes about 50!} percent mare stress than the s<3~;c trot'-: loaded to 50,000 pounds, One $0,000 notiric~ trtlcl; does the same damagE~ as alaout 5,G00 automo- biles. -29- argument suggests that such truck ~re~.ght fees ~,rould be passed on to the consumer who would end up paying for truck caused road damage, anyway, Any change in truck weight fee schedules would have to occur at the state-and federal 1eve1. The possibility of utilizing community facilities districts for generating road construction revenues for newly developed areas is not yet clear, Legislation enabling community facilities distracts, w}~ich was signedt~r the Governor in 182, does not clearly specify road construction as a fundable service, Also, large questions remain as to how much money the County can afford to spend vn 41advanced" financing of community facilities districts and what affect such financing would have on the County's future bond and credit ratings A 4. ~ Im licatlans of Feature load end Hi hw~ pinancin: Shr~x~tfalls While public transit systems in Butte County appear to have adequate funding through the planning period, road and highway financin g for maintenance and construction will be facing continued revenue shoxtfalls, These anticipated shortfalls i.mp~.y the need to develop road maintenance and construction strategies whic~~ help to extend road designated revenues while maintaining basic goad. serv~.ce levels, Some strategies that should be considered during the planning period include the follow~.ng o If reduced levels of road maintenance continue, there will be Increasing need to formally allocate reduced road maintenance cycles throughout the County, particularly in rural areas. Same rural roads will have to be converted to gravel or dirt, aver tame, if the goad maintenance deficit continues to .increase, over time, Other road maintenance and construction cast reductions will 'require increased engineexang economy, Such techniques could include keeping rural roads informal and urban street widths as narrow as practically passible, The issue of °°implied subsidies°° with regard tv road main- tenance and construction will become increasingly important, over tame, The issue of. haw to equitably allocate road revenue resources between .more expensive foothill and mountain roads and valley floor roads, snowplowing programs, and between large development projects , part~,cularly for large rural subdlvision5, and their off-site traffic impacts will require increasing attention as road maintenance demands increase, over times -30- A system of off-site development fees and assessment district financing to pay for the traffic impacts caused by new development in the county will need to be increasingly con- sidered, particularly if road maintenance programs cantinas to fall behind their needs. In certain urban situations, we11 planned public transporta- tion may help to marginally reduce street congestion, thus creating a slight increase in street capacity. This oppor- tunity will have to be examined case-by-case far each transit system, as the possibilities arise. Also, subdivision design criteria which increases opportunities far transit patronage should be incorporated into urban area transit planning programs. ~Yith the reduced ability to adequately maintain roads that are currently part of the County's road system, addition of any new roads to the system will only further tax the County's road maintenance abilities. _~l- SECTION 5.0 ROAD CLASSIFICATIONS AND STANDARDS The functional c~.assification of roads and the application of road design standards are key tools to 1) ensuring adequate access and road design far present and future development and 2) setting effective priorities for use of road monies. Since finances prevent every highway in a functional classification from being developed to optimum design standards, it is necessary to identify the relative importance of each highway segment from a system perspective in order to establish a-plan that will maxi- mize the effectiveness of future improvements. 5.1 Functional Highway Classification Urban and xuxal streets and highways in butte County are grouped functionally according to the character of service they are intended to provide. The classification of streets and highways helps to l) determine the importance of a particular highway segment in rela- tion to the overall netwoxk and 2) maintain a balance between the issues of access to land and traffic mobility for various trans-. portation facilities when developing progxams for highway improvements. A functional highway classification is also valuable in helping to determine priorities for road and highway maintenance policy. It is necessary to distinguish the functional classification between urban and rural areas, since the services they provide can differ greatly. Urb an and rural functional classification charac- teristics are described by the two tables on the following pages. Cross-section illustrations of functionally classified roads as they relate to Butte County's road improvement standards are shown in Figures 4A and 4B. Level of Development Priorities - The need to concentrate on essential rat er t an es~.ra a rmp rovements has lead some public agencies to devise a method of allocating highway improvements and maintenance according to the importance of the highway, The goal has been to , define road and highway programs so that the greatest benefits are obtained with a minimum of limited financial resources. The basic premise of a "level of development" highway maintenance program is that the most important highways should be designed and maintained to the. highest passible level to provide the highest level of traffic service,"operational safety and efficiency. The least important highways should receive only the improvements necessary to maintain their structural integrity and operational safety. An example of a levels of development program is summarized in Appendix B. -32- Table 4' Functional System Characteristics - Urban Areas 'Urban Frinci 'ah Arterial The principal arterial system should carry the major portion of trips entering and leaving the urban area, as well as the majority of through movements desiring to bypass the central city. In addition, significant.intro-area travel, such as between central business districts and outlying residential areas, between major inner city communities yr between major suburban centers should be served by this class of facilities. Urban Minor Art'e'riah 'Street The minor arterial street system should interconnect with and augment the urban principal arterial system and provide service to traps of moderate Length at a somewhat Lower level of travel mobility than major arterials. Urban Collector Street The collector street system differs from the arterial systems in that facilities on the collector system may penetrate neighborhoods, distributing trips from the arterials through the area to the ultimate destination which may be on a Local or collector street. Urban Local Street Laval streets are limited to serving lots fronting such streets and should have a cuxvilinear and/or discontin uous alignment, such as loops and cul-de-sacs, so as to discourage through traffic, but carry traffic conveniently and as directly as possible tv collector Streets, Commercial and Industxial Streets These streets are designed to serve employment; business, and txucking traffic in urban commercial and industrial areas. - 33- Table 5 Functional System Characteristics - Rural Areas Rural Principal Arterial The rural principal arterial system will serve corridor movements having trip length and travel density characteristics indicative of substantial statewide or interstate travel. They generally serve urban areas of 50,000 and over population and a large major- ity of those with population of 25,000 and over. Rural i~iinor Arterial The rural minor arterial road system Links cities and larger towns, and will he spaced at such intervals, consistent with population density, sa that all developed'areas~of the County are within a reasonable distance of an arterial highway. h~inor arterials provide service to corridors with trip lengths and travel density greater than those predominantly served by rural collector or local systems. Alinor arterials constitute routes whose design should be expected to provide for relatively high overall travel speeds, with minimum interference to through movement. Rural Collector Road The rural collector routes generally serve travel which is pxi- mariiy intracounty rather than of regional ar statewide importance and constitutes those routes on which predominant travel distances are shorter than on arterial routes. ~~~a'ar Collector Road -(l) Provide service to any county seat not on an arter~.a route, to the larger towns not directly served by the higher systems, and to other traffic generators of equivalent intracounty importance, such as consolidated schools, shipping points, county parks, important mining and agricultural areas, etc.; (2) link these places with nearby larger towns or cities, or with routes of higher classification; and (~) serve the more important intracounty travel corridors. I~~inor Collector Road - {1) Be spaced at intervals, consistent with popu anon ensity, to collect traffic from local roads and bring all developed areas within a reasonable distance of a collector road; (2) provide service to the remaining smaller communities; and {3) link the locally important traffic generators with their rural hinterland. Rural Local Road - Rural local roads serve primarily to provide access to a ~acent land and provide service to travel over relatively short distances ~.as compared to collectors or other }nigher systems. -54- STREET` S1°ANDAR®5 FIGURE 4A ARTERIALS TYPICAL SECTION URBAN ARTERIALS IID~ALIZEU CAPACITY~IF) ' ._1 38,400 AADT .38,.400 -AADT 25, 600 AADT RURAL ARTERIAL (ALSO 4 LANES WITH 48' OF PAVING) !4,000 AADT 2 LANES WITH GRAVEL SHOULDER 60-84 'liciDEAL CONDITIONS- LEVEL OE SERVICE °C" City standards may vary from what is shown. 9' 90 9` 8 LANES WITH PARKING OR BIKE LANES IO$' fi LANES WITH CENTER DIVIDE, NO PARKING 108 ` 4 LANES WITH PARKING OR BIKE LANE5 84` STREET STANDARDS FIGURE 4B COLLECTORS URBAN COLLECTORS (IDEALIZED CAPACITY'} ~ 2, 800 AADT RURAL .COLLECTORS LESS THAN 14,000 AADT LOCAL LOCAL URBAN STREETS (PAVING WIDTH RANGES FROM 26`-36~ R/W WIDTH RANGES FROM 46`- 60' ) LESS- THAN- 12,000 AADT LOCAL RURAL ROADS (PAVING WIDTH RANGES FROM 20'-26` R/W WIDTH RANGES FROM 50'-60`} IV 4V IU 2 LANES WITH PARKING AND/OR BIKE LANES 60 - S+~ 2 LANES 60 ` 2 LANES WITH PARKING AND/OR 81K>r LANES 56` '`~` - ~~ fay' 2' 20' 2' 2 LANES ~a' ~kIDEAL CONDITIONS - LEVEL AF SERVICE "C" TYPICAL SECTION 5.2 Road Standards Existin Standards - Butte County's road improvement standards e one roa way requirements for land divisions, including for subdivisions and parcel splits. A separate set of road standards have been developed for the County's urban, rural valley, and foothill and mountainous areas. The Butte County improvement Standards Elydinance indicates by map, the boundaries where each urban area and the foothill-mountainous standard is applied. For urban area subdivisions, Butte County standards are to conform to the incorporated city of each area. Butte County will maintain only roads which meet County standards, unless otherwise stated in a maintenance or development agreement. Private subdivision roads which are developed to less than County standards are to be maintained as to the conditions of a maintenance agreement between the County and subdivider. The County no longer assumes the maintenance of new roads which consist of gravel or dirt road surfaces. Private roads which are developed without a land division are not subject to Butte County's improvement standards. Road permits are required when a new private road in some way affects the status or characteristics of an existing County maintained road. 5.21 AcCeSS and Road Standard Issues There is a need to sort out, sensibly and publicly, which roads should be part of the County road system, and which should be the respon- sibility of private owners. But this can't be done until the County can afford to adequately maintain the roads already existing in its system. Beyond the main County road network, County residents ultimately must be responsible far building their own access roads, and for maintaining them. New access roads will probably have to be paid far by landowners and those building new homes. Many resi- dents have moved in during the last number of years, and have paid for their access and will not want to pay again far someone else's. i-~istorically, many old acr_ess roads constructed prior to present subdivision reap requirements were narrow, pooly graded and substandard, and some of these roads have been taken into the County's road system. The problem now facing the County and local residents, alike, is that the County does not have enough money to either properly maintain or to improve these substandard access roads. New roads, both private access roads, as well as County roads, need to be built and maintained to last. While a road is new, routine maintenance costs will be moderate and problems few. The problems may come later, if those who are managing the xoad main- tenance don't set aside enough money to cover the full (inflated) - 35- cost of major maintenance, such as resurfacing, which will come due. County or private roads which are built to lower standards are trading present lowex C05t5 and easier development for a future road in poorer shape with higher maintenance costs later. In some cases, County road standards have been flexible for roads already in place, working instead toward improving xoads to meet traffic needs rather than to meet a standard. There should be a continuous effort to plan a road system that creates both adequate access and road standards fox present and future development. Access To ensure adequate access, the County should require that useable road easements of adequate width be located as to most beneficially serve the circulation needs of all parcels. Also, any right-of-way needed for new roads or expansion of existing xoads should be planned and ensured prior to the development that causes the need far additional circulation. Land uses that would preclude the timely development of such right-of-way should be prohibited. The control of access on important to maintaining and traffic speeds which mid-block access points, lead to deterioration of and driving convenience, whenever possible. Road Standards the County's main artexial highways is these facilit~.es fr~r the high volumes they axe intended. Additional driveways, intersections, and on-street parking all a highway's potential traffic capacity and should be limited along majox roads To ensure adequate road standards, the County should require that adopted County standards be applied to all subdivision and parcel. land divisions, including for private roads. Roads of adequate design and standard will help to ensure that present and future access needs are met, help to reduce overall road maintenance cycles and costs, and help to reduce environmental damage from poorly graded and surfaced roads. A lower road standard may be reasonable for roads which will always serve as individual lot access, only, and will never serve more .than a few lots. Also, as a matter of equity, new. land divisions should be held responsible for their share of off-site road improvements needed to handle their contribution of increased traffic on existing access roads. Certain issues involving Butte County's new road standards are related to overall general planning concerns. For example, the County's urban area road improvement standards boundary should ultimately conform closely to each urban area sphere of influence, FAU boundary, and County and respective city urban land use - 36_ perimeters and circulation elements, All land division road standards an urban areas should correspond to those of each city. This practice wall help to ensure coordination between city and county urban land divisions which could eventually be under the city's jurisdiction. The County has designated a separate set of Land davisaon road standards in an area called mountain-recreational. These standards generally allow reduced roadway widths due to increased casts associated with. foothill and mountain road development. However, the present area designated mountain recreational in the County's imp ravement standards does not include all areas topographically classified as foothill land. The mountain recreational design- ation should be updated to include all foothill and mountain areas that axe not of urban designation. Sa, fety In Butte County's foothill areas, adequate emergency fire access as a very important aspect of circulation plannin g. Adequate access for emergency escape and attack of wild land fires requires adequate evacuation routes, read width, and bridge strength. The Butte County Fixe Department and California Department of E'orestry are responsive for fire suppression and management programs in the County's fire hazard areas. Another road and highway safety issue involves the transportation of hazardous and toxic materials in and through the County. Accidental spills of certain toxic materials present local resi- dents with both immediate hazards and the possibility of longer termed health risks. The County should encourage state and federal government to continue the development and implementation of comprehensive programs which regulate the transportation of toxic and hazardous materials on the County's highways and railroads. Butte County's present improvement standards provide technical and engineering standards for subdivision and parcel land divisions, however, they do pat set guidelines for developing a land capa- bility report or grading and drainage requirements far a land division proposal. It is suggested, after review of other compari- son counties, that Butte County prepare a land division design manual whit}1 provides detailed guidance regarding improvement standards, including for roads. (l) An adequately detailed anti clearly worded land division design manual would assist hot}~ project applicants, develaPers, the Public, and t}~e County in facilitating the development review process. 5,Z2 Erosion and Roads. !ls mentioned, the Butte County Conservation L•lement lists roads as the leading cause of soil erosion in the County and suggests _gq- implementation of measures to control road-related soil erosion, particularly in foothill and mountainous areas. This soil erosion problem exists from both public and private road develop- ment. The County's adoption of an erosion control program, includ- ing the requirement for erasion control plans to be included as part of its road improvement standards, would begin to mitigate the road-cause erosion problems discussed in the Conservation Element. 5.23 Development Agreements ~.... Development agreements are a planning tail that a11vw for con- tractual agreement between a project applicant and a public agency, such as Butte Cvunty.(2) Generally, development agree- ments are set in accordance with existing policies, rules, and regulations, and subject to conditions, of approval. If used wisely, they will strengthen the public pla Wing process, encourage private participation in comprehensive planning and reduce the economic costs of development. Development agreements are mrmally used to ensure the nature, quality, and timing of project improvements, both on and off the project site, including for road standards, future road mainten- ance, and for site related circulation planning. To date, the County's use of development agreements for road and circulation considerations has been limited. The wider use of the development agreement concept could present case-by-case opportunities for both 1) the County, in terms of planning, maintenance, and standards guarantees, and 2) a project developer, in terms of better planning coordination as well as some potential for reduction of costs. ee tie ~ ora o ounty Land Division Design Manual. {2) Tlie authority and purpose o£ development agreements are found in Government Code Sections 65364 through 65869.5. -38- SECTION 6.0 TRANSPORTATION FORECAST This section presents a forecast of Butte County's txansportation xequirements to the year 2000 by considering the interrelationship between existing land-use and transportation plans and projected population growth. A reasonably accurate projection of future County transportation needs is the singlemost impart ant analysis in this Element. If future traffic is projected too low, the public convenience and safety could be jeopardized, Traffic projections which overstate future capacity requirements can lead to needless and potentially costly averdesigning of streets and highways at the expense of taxpayers, developers, new home buyers, not to mention the financing capability of local government. Also, overstated traffic forecasts which lead to excessive highway capacities can also become a factor in creating undesirable development pressures. which canfiict with other elements of .the County General Plan. 6.1 Trans ortation Plans of Affected Jurisdictions The following subsection summarizes-pertinent transportation rela- ted policies or programs of governmental agencies affected by the Transportation Element, 6,11 Butte County General Plan The Butte County General Plan consists of nine separately written elements which must b~ internally consistent, throughout. Seven of the County's General Plan elements contain statements or refer- ences that refer directly to concerns of the Transportation Element and these are summarized in the fallowing discussion. As mentioned in Section 1.0, a circulation element must. be corre- lated to land use patterns suggested by the Land Use Element. The County's Land Use Element discusses this interrelationship in the fallowing statements: "The circulation element controls the accessibility to land which affects development patterns, which, in turn, affect traffic volumes and movement patterns."(1) The Land Ilse Element also states: "Taken together, streets, roads, airports, railroads, sidewalks, and other transportation facilities constitute a major land use. The location and growth of communities and the local patterns of development are largely dependent an transporta- tion systems." u e ounty an se ement, pg. 4 -39- "The interrelationship between transportation and land use is exemplified in the California Government Code which requires the correlation of the Circulation Element with the Land Use Element of the General Plan."(l) Land Use Element policies call for tie provision of transportation facilities of all types that will accommodate existing and proposed land use patterns and densities and provide far the "rapid, efficient, comfortable, and safe passage of people and commodities." Land use policy calls fox the balancing of residential densities with traffic- carrying capacities of existing and proposed circulation plans.(2) It is also policy to encourage development in and around existing communities with public facilities.(3} Housing Element - The dousing Element acknowledges the problem of a shortage of funding sources to finance needed street and traffic circulation expansions and impravements.(4) The Element contains as policy that "new housing construction shall he encauraged in locations with reasonable proximity to centers of employment and shopping facil- ities, and which respect the conservation of energy."(5) Residential density increases are encauraged when there are practical opportun- ities and development cost savings involved. Conservation Element The Conservation Element lists roads as the leading cause of soil erosion in the County. "It would appear, therefore, that roads are a dominant contributing factor to the sail erasion problems, and the full impact of roads on the .soil and vegetation in Butte County should be defined and control measures established far road-related soil and vegetative problems so that these problems will be minimized, if not eliminated.(b} Open Space Element - This element includes the fallowing recommenda- tions that relate to circulation: The County s~iould set large minimum parcel sizes for open space sand outside the urban areas indicated on the Land Use Plan t~~ap. (7} Studies should be conducted to determine the urban development cap abilities of the foothill and mountain areas.(8} utte aunty an se ement, p. 37 (2) Ibid, p. 34 (3) Ibid, p. 30 (4) Butte County tlausing Element, p. I-20 (5} Ibid, p. III-4 (b) Butte County Conservation Element, p. 8.15. (7} Butte County Open Space Element, p. 14.2 (8} Ibid, p. 14.2 -40- The County should not allow in timber-mountain areas, the construc- tion of any roads or buildings which are not necessary to open space uses. [1) 5atety dement - "i'his element is related to circulation planning because of policies related to fire and emergency access and evacuation routes and standards far minimum road widths. Noise Element - The Noise Element provides noise exposure informa- tion intended to guide development of the i,and Use and Transportation Elements and noise ordinances. The Element is considered a "source" document to be used when formulating policies for other elements of the General Plan.(2) Transportation related noise sources considered by the element include noise from highways, railxoads and airports. Transportation related policies include.(3) Where possible, control the sources of transportation noise to maintain acceptable levels. Special consideration should be given to residential development and other noise-sensitive activities near railxoads and highways. Discourage noise sensitive activities near airports. In addition, the Noise Element calls for adoption of a County noise ordinance. Scenic Highways Element - This Element outlines the pro gram and procedure for scenic highway corridor evaluation and selection, as well as for scenic highway corridor development controls and protection. Butte County designated scenic highways include. State Route 32 east of Forest Ranch, and State Route ~0 east of Pentz Road. Although these sections of highway are eligible for State scenic highway design anon, the County has not proceeded towards gaining such State designation.. In addition to the above elements of the County General Plan, the Chico Area i.and Use Plan (and Environmental Impact Report} also contains references regarding the County's circulation plans. and policies for the Chico urban area. It is concluded that significant u e oun y pen pace ement, p. 14.G (2) Butte County Noise Element, p. 2 (3) Ibid, p. 25 -41- traffic impacts will occur from forecasted Chico urban area growth and that a multiple agency and multiple made Cl~ico area transportation program be combined with a re-examination at land use policy.(l) Furthermore, the Chico area circulation system is "not balanced" or adequate for the full development of land anticipated in the Plan.(2} Specific mitigation measures are incorporated into the Chico area's plan, including;(3) Continued sup~~ort of inter and intro-city public transit. Revision of the Butte County Transportation Element. Cooperative County of Butte and City of Chico development of a circulation capital improvements program for the Chico area, including for streets and highways financing and revenue mechanisms. The utilization of 1laldin g zones ar urban reserves to allow timely development of Chico's future circulation facilities. An overall assessment of th.e Oroville area circulation systems is described in the draft Supplemental Environmental Impact Report [dE1R) for the Oroville Land Use Plan of the Butte Gounty General Plan. The supplemental dEIR concluded that street and highway capacity improve- ments in the proposed Oroville Area Land Use Plan may not be fully mitigated and additional mitigation measures were needed, including: The County and the City of Oroville should cooperatively undertake a land use based traffic study to examine and plan for future circulation needs. The study would identify future thoroughfares and develop a system for financing improvements. Focus urban growth toward the south Oroville area while applying large parcel zoning in the vicinity of Wyman Ravine and south, until circulation and other needs are addressed. Plan for east-west arterial/collectors in the area between Oroville and Palermo which are designed to provide an alternative to Olive Highway (Rt. 162). Limit the number of access points and driveways connecting to major east-west routes in the southern portion of the planning area. 6 X12 Cities of Butte County City~of Chico - Chico 's General Plan was adopted in 19'16 with trans- portation discussion and policies that focused on coordinating a multi-modal transportation system, the scenic enhancement of the highway system, and street and highway noise and safety concerns. 1 EIR~ox ~~ Coco Area Land Use P1 an - An Amendment to the Butte County General Plan, April, 1982, p. 142. (2) Ibid, p. 143 (3) Ibid, p , 122 -42- EXIST ..~G AND FUTURE TRAFFIC ._JLUMES CITY OF CHICO ~ t ' ~ `\ (10.1) ___~ \ ~ ~` w 1 ,~r~ 1`r~ 1 ~,r`~ tirn I `~c? `~ jam' `` pis (9.9} (4.0) ~ ~ `~~ ~~ ra o 2~ ~~ 1 co 1~ N \~ ~~~ ~~~ ~~ ~~ ~a ~ ~ t ~ I ~'o i ~~ tFy9o~ 4y5~~ \ h I ~.1 ~ ~ i ,~ `~i ~g1 ~ N a!l t~~ `rl car Iso L~a~ (18.6) ~ (22.0} VI(f6.611 {4.7) ! ~.i 1`~ 9.1~ l-9.31 11.3 i1.5 ! 8.5 IEAST AVE 1 ~~ ~ lZ' r {5.0) 2J 11•dJ r'u~~ J =',~' oi~g ~ cuai ra `ZO~ sJ v ~ ~ r~~l 1 / $L~. p~E ~ c'~l~~;l~~• `r°r;~y ~Jsp `u~.b1 ~0 1 16.7 ~``t3.Ol y~r3 ~ `3 ~ `J t~~0 rra ~ l ZO 110.11 j I G3• Cj r fj y} ~ a° ~' ~ ra ~9J U0~ p~,Ea ~~c~\ ~ J I° ~ w yPGR t~s' a~ ~3` 1 I~ /~, l`z~~ ~`~ I ! ~ asp 31 I I 2~~' ry 119.71 l2g• I (8.8) /ryt IV I `92 `~ ~ , i L rt,~° orb, J p ~qip ~ '~ O j.-. \.c~J ~ 49k s~ 1 I w `~ ~ ~/ r~~S 4~ t~3J 230.71 {34.4) (208 ~~ `~~ (/ !,~'~ F O 13.5 l74 f1.2) i o~ ~~DI J ~~ 1 gp. v nj FIGURE 5 r 10.8- 1981 TRAFFIC VOLUME 0 o~ M (26.5f-2000 FORCASTED TRAFFIC VOLUME .~? {VOLUMEE 1N TFIOUSANDS OF AADT) 50URCES~ Cii1C0 URBAN AREA TRANSPORTATION STUDY 1962 , COUNTY AND CITY TRAFFIC DATA 198E . The Chico Urban Area Transportation Study.{CATS-) was completed in late 2982. The purpose of the CATS was to predict future Chico area traffic levels based on anticipated land use patterns, and identify transportation improvements that would likely be necessary to accommodate Chico's growth. The CATS forecast for future travel demand was modeled for anticipated growth to the year 2000 and far ultimate build-out. The traffic model forecast for the year 2000 used the city's planning area as the study boundary and estimated a population of 102,000. This Chico area population forecast is slightly greater than the County forecast for the same geographic area and date. Figure 5 shows existing and yeax 2000 (CATS) forecasted traffic volumes on Chico urban area streets. CATS also proposed a financing plan for Chico street and highway improvements forecasted to year 2000 and far ultimate build-out. The premise of the plan was "that new development should bear the cost of the improvements xequired to accommodate the additional traffic generated~by such development."(1) Twa basic financing mechanisms were proposed. "Fixst, assessment districts would be established to finance improvements where the local properties would be the primary beneficiaries of such improvements. This would include situations in which almost all of the traffic using a roadway would be going or coming from adjacent properties." It was calculated that the assessment district financing mechanism could be used to fund almost half of the new street and fnghway improvements which would occur in Chico's designated growth areas. The second funding mechanism proposed by the CATS would provide revenue through developer fees an all new development in the Chico urban area so to finance area wide street and highway improvements requixed because of the new development. In both funding proposals, either the assessment or fee mechanism, the rate was proposed to be based an estimated trip generation for each particular new development. No funding mechanism was proposed for Chico area street maintenance or safety improvements on existing facilities. It should be noted that the above funding mechanism for Chico area streets and highways would require County cooperation, in order to be successful and equitable. In addition to the transportation forecast and financing plan contained in CATS, there figs >~.eeri concern for liow_ future ~Chi`.co transportation facilities might adversely affect Bidwell Park. Extreme care should be taken in refining the street and Highway system suggested in CATS so as to not adversely affect the amenities of Bidwell. bark by future transportation system developments. Cit of Droville - Droville recently revised its general plan Land se, ~.rcu a ion and Noise Elements in early 1983. The Droville circulation Element provides a description of present street condi- tions and then develops a traffic forecast to the year 2005 for the city's planning area (see Figure ~j. -The boundary of the city's planning area is approximately the same as the County's. ~.ca ran rea ransportatian Study, prepared by JFIK and Associates, San Francesco, ,~ovemher, 1982, p. I:-3 -4'~_ -~ a .~ Y ~- o ~ ~ ~ o `~-- ~ ~ a a J -• W C ~ o ~ ~ coo NS ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ pp ~ T X ~~ P G N~ KELLY ~ ~ ~~ o ~ ~ E" d ~ Z ~ ^a { y- 4} U1 O z ~ `~~ ~ ~ F ? ~ a o ~' ~m ~ ~ w 07 O „~ O F VP~'E N aO ~ ~ t ~ ~ N ~ W ~ f tyl OpK i0 ~_ I rop~L tD ~ cs ~ ~ ~J ca o~ a o V /°; a a .~ ~ J ~ x ~ _ ~f a ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~~~~ `~~0 ~ ~'~1 ICJ W O W o J 'L {, fp .. `~ ~ w u1 j~ W LL. LL ~ ~ $ N~ ~ U Q ~ O " ~ ~ 10.0 LINCOLN BLVb ~ ° Z _ V S {12.51 165 5 {95~ v s a + ~o~ t~ Z ~ 34) (25.01 ~ 7,6 14.3 00 1 3) 8.6 W NOD C~tA ~~ 6I `\~y~9 vo; ~Di1j Nu'; ~Ui 9 a \ r ~ ~ 1~ 1S i11Q ~ O F~ ~ '~~ 1 ~ d' m iS ~O Hl b~1 ~u~ .r o ' ~ o C'{'h H sn z1 1;~' (z ~ ~~ ti ~ ~° o rn ~ z ca it' uj nD ._: C3 ~~ ~ ~ a'N r ~ N Y ~ 4 ~ ~ EXIS'sl~.~rlG AND FUTURE TRAFFI'C' VOLUMES TOWN OF PARADISE FIGURE 7 SOURCE PAitAflISE TRAFFIC STUDY 1982 7.2 - 1981 TRAFF#C VOLUME (#0.0)-1990 FORCASTED 1"RAFFIC VOLUME (VOL.UME iN 'CHOUSANDS OF AADT} Many circulation improvements recommended in the Oraville Circula- tion Element are located in areas currently antler County jurisdic- tion. The bulk of these County located improvements are situated in the west Thermalita and south Oroville areas and involve construction of new collector streets and arterials. The Oroville Circulation Element provides implementation language far an Oraville area traffic study and an airport environs plan. The area traffic study is recommended to be prepaxed in conjunction with the County, iii that much of the area's traffic originates in County jurisdiction. The Circulation Element also suggests the potential use of assessment district and developer fee street improvement financing met}~anisms similar to those which are discussed above regarding the Chico Urban Area Transportation Study. An assessment of the City of Oroville Circulation Element reveals several concerns -that will need to be addressed in future planning discussions, including: The methodology utilized ~.n developing the Gity's Circulation Element projected growth of traffic volumes based on historical traffic growth at selected counting locations and was not directly based on land use under buildout conditions. Trend line projections are not reliable in forecasting future traffic conditions. A more appropriate traffic forecasting method would utilize planned land use patterns as its basis for projecting and planning circu- lation system.. There is an aver-reliance on the planning area east of th pattern of collectors in the State Route 162 in generally and many work and commercial area. State Route 162 as an arterial for City of Oraville. The radial eastern planning area converge on the same area of central Oroville trip ends are concentrated in this The. rolling terrain in the urban area's eastern planning area makes road construction and expansion more expensive and difficult [e .g. rock removal, cut and fi11 operations cause increased development casts). Town of Paradise - The Town of Paradise completed its first general p an ~.n an it cavern a'planning pexiod to 1992. .The commun- Zties of Paradise Pines and Atagalia, which are in County jurisdiction, were not included. The plan found that the Town's present arterial road system is adequate to handle future traffic flaws, but recommend the development of better cross-town access to Feather River l~ospi- tal. (l) The plan also set as policy the preservation of the rural character of the TotiJn's neighborhood and collector road system and calls for study of the feasibility of establishing a local fixed route bus system.{2) era ise enera an, 2, p. VII - 35, 37 (2) Ibid, p. VII - 37, 41 -44- A comprehensive tra_~ic circulation study for ,tie Town was completed in late 1982, as called for in the general plan. (l; This study included areas only within the Town's municipal limits and s~ho~vs the need for several collector road extensions to 1990. Figure 7 shows existing and year 1992 forecasted traffic volumes an the Town's major streets. The Paradise General Plan recommends that a master plan be developed for bicycle, pedestrian, and equestrian paths and trails in and adjacent to Paradise. (2) The Town has completed a bicycle master plan which stresses use of the abandoned Southern Pacific railway corridor through western Paradise. (3) State funding far the first phase of the bicycle plan has been approved. City of Gridley - The City drafted a revised circulation element urzn g w zch identified several potential street capacity p ro- blems within the City in the long term future. The draft also proposed several roadway extensions throughout the City that would serve anticipated gxowth. The draft did not establish any timetables for its proposals, The RTP utilizes the transportation plans of Butte County and its cities and assumes that locally adopted circulation elements adequately describe each respective local street and highway system, as well as other modes including public transportation. The RTP states its long-term goal towards transportation development in Butte County and then describes critical transportation issues while relating them to objectives and policies far streets and highways and other local transportation issues which are addressed in this Transportation Klement. The RTP l~.sts current and future deficiencies in the County transportation system and provides a list of five-year transportation projects necessary to achieve the regional transportation objectives. Gridley's draft circulation plan also indicates retention of the existing State Route 99 relocation {east of existing alignment) from the Sutter County line to' ~-Iamilton Raad. 6.13 Butte County Regional Transportation Plan As mentioned in Section 1.22, the major empli.asis of the Butte County RTP involves specific transportation projects that plan to utilize state or federal monies during the next five years. The RTP utilizes the transportation plans of Butte County and its cities and assumes that locally adopted circulation elements adequately describe each respective local street and highway system, as well as other modes, including public transportation. _ {3"- Town o Paradise, Traffic Circulation, Safety and Speed Zone Studies, and Traffic Control Device Inventory, prepared by TJKM. Transportation Consultants, Walnut Creek, September, 1.982. (2) Paradise General Plan, p, IV - l5. (3~ Town of Paradise, Paradise Bikeways Master Plan, Adptd. Nov. 1982 {4) City of Gridley, draft Circulation Element of the General Plan, p.3 _n c_ 6.14 Caltrans The State highway system is the transportation lifeline for Butte County, Adequate state highways must be insured or the County's economy and its development will be hindered. The easiest way to manage growth is to build good roads to those areas where development is wanted and planned. Caltrans' priorities emphasize that land use decisions should lead, not follow; and the State should nat provide opportunities for spreading land develop- ment by building or improving highways into undeveloped .areas. Caltrans' priorities for highway work are; in order: 1. Maintenance and rehabilitation. Z, lmprovements that help safety and/or traffic movement. 3. ~Tew highways that close short gaps or improve main state wide travel routes. 6.2 Po ulation GrnWth andIand Use Concerns The Butte County Planning Department .has projections for sixteen planning areas t the countywide growth rate is assumed to near S.0 percent per year to the end of mean a year 2000 Butte County population percent increase since the 1980 census. the following pages shows the forecasted by planning area for the year 2000. developed population growth o the year 2000.(1) Overall, occur at a sustained rate the century.(2) This would of 266,0],0 or a 82,8 Table 6 and Figure 8 on distribution of population It sYiould b~e noted that .recent California Department of Finance ~pro- j'ections jSeptember, I9.83) farecasted Butte Gaunty's year ZQ00 popu- lation at 225,800. This plan's analysis has utilized the higher Planning pepartment forecast, with 'the understanding that future County forecasts will assess the effective difference between the -two prajections aver the shart term future. u e aunty - : Population, Employment, .and Use: An Assessment of Fzsture Conditions. A Report by the Butte County Planning Department, 1982. -..4 6. , TABLE 6 Population Distribution and Density by Planning Area - 1980 and 2000 Planning Area Population $ Fob/Sq ^ tii. 2,3 25.4 Fop ulation o 9,310 3.5 Po /Sq. Mi. 70.6 1. ~1ord 3, 347 2. Forest Ranc~i Cohasset 2,332 3. Stirling City 572 4. Chico 54,974 5. Upper Ridge 5,168 6. Paradise 22,648 7. Concow 1,021 8, Durham 3,358 9. Central Butte 927 10. Feather Falls- Brush Creek 663 11. Table Biountain 835 12. Bexry Creek- Hurleton 1,793 13. Gridley-Biggs 11,850 14. Oxoville 27,565 15. Palermo 3,294 16. ~ioncut- l.6 10.7 6,650 2.5 30.6 0.4 4.6 600 --- 4.8 38.2 1,577.7 95,760 36.0 2,748.3 3.6 238.0 13,300 5.0 621.4 15.7 986.0 34,580 13.0 1,505.5 0.7 9.S 3,000 1.0 27.8 2.7 27.2 5,320 2.0 37.5 0.6 12.2 6,650 2.5 87.8 0.5 2.9 700 --- 3.1 U.6 10.2 2,360 1.0 27.2 1,3 15.4 6,650 2.5 57.0 8.2 58.5 23,940 9.0 118.1 19.2 455.9 45,220 17.0 747.8 2.3 200.8 6,650 2.5 405.3 Bangor 295_6 Z.1 24. 3 5 , 320 2; 0 43, 7 143,853 100.Q 266,010 100.0 Source: Butte County 1985-2000: Population, Employment, Land Uss: An Assessment of fiuture Conditions,. A Report by the Butte County Planning Department, 1982. -47- Urban and Urbanizing Areas - Year 2000 Figure 8 ~~.A~~3~~C7 A14EAS ~~T7'~ C~ll~9TV' ~~ J ~, , .J ,.J .•~. f~ ~,.. ,,.~ . .. • ^" .l ~: r.. ~. r.. ~ ,~,. l~Nard 2-Cohasset-Forest Ran ch 3-Stirling City 4 -Chaco S-Upper Radge 5-Paradise 7-Cancaw PlG 8-burha~ 9-Central Bute a l0-Feather Fa11s-Brush ~ 11-Table Nfpuntain 2. 1.2-Berry Creek- Hurlet an l3-Gridley-Boggs l4-Oroville 3. l5-Palermo ' 15-Honcut-Bangor 4. 5. .~ .~• 4• a; : h ~~ -, •.• . + b . -^o , .~ ._~ ~ '•~ ~ r• ' • 7~•~..,r..i. ••, t 'a...~..,,~ ` ~ ! ~ ~., .,.~ - ~-.,~ ~ ,~+ r ..r . ~ ,: 1 ~ ~ ~~:~ ~~ .~.. ~~ ... ... +~. _.._ f ~ o ~ 1 rti ~~ :~.._ ~6 ~Q Urban Urbanizing 6. ~. 8. ~. ~a. ll.. ~,. ~ Z l~. ~a, l5. l6. -48- b.21 Urban Area Growth Chico and Oroville, the County's two largest urban areas, respec- tively, are forecasted to contain the County's greatest nominal growth to 2000. The growth rate in the Paradise area is expected to slow in the Town of Paradise and increase above the County average in the Paradise Pines area. Growth rates in the Gridley-Biggs and Palermo areas are expected to he slightly above the County average for the period. The combined urban area population for Butte County is projected to be approximately 22b,450 or 85.1 percent of the countywide 2000 population, compared to 87.2 percent of the 1980 countywide population. b.22 Rural Area Growth Butte County's rural area growth rates are expected to be generally higher than urban area growth rates to year 2000. The bulk of the rural area population growth will occur in the County's foothill areas. The foothill share of the County's fatal population is expected to increase from 7.8 percent in 1980 to 11.5 percent in 2000, a population increase of 186.7 percent representing approxi- mately 20,800 people or 7.8 percent of the forecasted countywide population in year 2000. The largest increases of foothill growth occur in the Forest Ranch-Cohasset, Central Butte, Berry Creek- }~urleton, and Honcut-Ban gar planning areas (see Table 6) . Population growth on the County's agricultural Sacramento Valley floor is expected to occur mostly within and near urban areas which are designated for urban development by the land use element. Rural area growth on agricultural lands will be suburban in character and confined chiefly to small agricultural parcels that are designated around the community of Durham and City of Gridley. 6.23 General Planning Implications of Forecasted Grozrth to the Butte County Circulation 5ys~tem Since Butte County's principal growth areas are forecasted to be located in the County's urban and foothill areas, the .focus of future circulation system expansion, planning policy and specific programs must attend an these areas. In County areas where little or no growth is expected and where the current road and highway system is forecasted to have adequate capacity in the year 2000, a goal of maintenance planning and programming is in order, For the County's growing urban areas, comprehensive urban area circulation planning should occur within each municipal sphere of influence. This suggests the need for circulation planning and financing programs that insure coordinated city-county transpor- tation developments, as appropriate, for each Butte County urban area. -49- In the rural foothill areas, the implications of population growth to the County°s circulation system is extremely varied and discussing, the range of implications in detail will require considerably more information than can be provided by the Transpor- tation Element, alone. This problem begins with the area's topo- graphic diversity, remoteness and geographically spread development patterns. Aiuch of the development in the footf~ills has been by individuals building on single lots. The pattern is essentially random, and it follows no plane The Butte County land use design- ation of Agricultural-Residential (allowing 1-40 acres per dwelling unit), which is faund throughout the faothill areas, leaves an extremely wide range of land use densities which can impact long range future traffic forecasts for an area with a proportionally equal and uncertain range, This problem is compounded when there is the presence of general (A-2) zoning in a footj~ill area design- ated as Agricultural-Residential in the General Plan. The above-described problems in planning for long range circulation development in the foothills are again compounded by the degree of uncertainty where or when growth will actually occur in foothill planning areas. In many foothill areas, the accuracy of middle and long range traffic: projections based on possible ranges of land uses are often largely forfeited, thus leaving in question what would be an adequate level of local circulation system develapment. This suggests the need far mare precise foothill land use design- ations and zoning in the Land llse Element so that a future foothill circulation development program can be accurately projected, within reason. A 1982 inventory of existing rural residential parcels indicated the extent to which rural land parcelization has occurred in upland Butte County. (1) The inventory indicated t;~at the County's eight foothill-mountain planning areas contained enough existing rural parcels of 40 acres or less in size to accomodate a population increase of 224 percent over its 1980 population. Specifically, the inventory faund that existing rural residential parcels in faothill-mountain areas could potentially accomodate 24,960 people. In 1980, the same area ]iad a rural population of 11,149. Based on the Planning Department's population forecasts, existing foothill-mountain parcels could accomodate 78,2 percent of the year 2000 population forecasted in tie eight upland planning areas. In faothill areas where reasonably confident planning area traffic forecasts can be made available, the focus should be towards development patterns which minimize the burden of expanding the existing circulation network beyond existing foothill-mountain communities and foothill transportation corridors. utte aunty ann~.ng epartment, Inventory of Rural Residential Parcels in Butte County by Planning Area, Pall, 1982. ..50_ 6.3 Raad and Hi hway Forecast An analysis of future traffic volumes on Butte County's road and highway network must first inventory past and current traffic conditions. This information is then analyzed in relation to traffic volume changes that are projected from population gxowth and land use changes within and outside the County to the year 2000; resulting in a traffic volume forecast for State and County roads and highways. Finally, the yeax 2000 traffic forecast is compared with present road and highway capacity levels to illustrate where the State and County circulation systems will need increases in capacity or new road segments. 6.31 Current Traffic Conditions Traffic volumes information is collected by the Butte County Public Works Department, Caltrans, and the cities in Butte County on a regular basis every two to three years~at selected locations through- out the County. This traffic data is then reported as annual average daily traffic, and rep resents the total number of motor vehicles using the road during a 24 hoax period an a typical weekday. Generally, County traffic growth since increase d. most rapidly in and near the urban areas; Chico, Croville and Parad major arterials connecting these three significantly, although not as rapidly themselves. the early 1970's has County's three largest ise, Increases in AADT urban areas also increased as within the urban areas Traffic growth on State and County artexial highways that serve the rural Sacramento Valley floor were charactexized by generally smaller volumes and much slower gxowth rates than adjacent urban areas during the 1970's. In the County's rural foothill areas, AADT increases were Quite rapid during the 1970's, although fatal traffic volumes remained relatively low. Traffic volumes in the County's mountainous areas remained light through the 1970'x. Table 7 on the following page shows AAIIT changes at selected xural locations on major County roadways. The only existing rural roadway capacity problem on the County's highway network was solved by completion of the Skyway expansion project between Chico and Paradise in 1982, Present urban area traffic counts should be referred to respective city circulation studies and plans. Table 9, on page 60, shows changes on State highway routes in Butte Gounty. Figure 9 shows relativel981 traffic volumes on major Butte Gaunty rural highways and Figure.~10 indicates their approximate existing. capacity. -51- Table 7 Traffic Volumes - Rural County Roads 1973 and 1981 Average Annual Daily Traffic County Road and Location ~ 1973 lggl Hamilton-Nord Rd. north of SR 32 640 1I90 Cohasset Rd. north of Keefer Rd. 540 920 Keefer Rd. east of SR 99 210 680 Sacramento Ave, at Sandy Gulch 1620 960 Chico-River Rd. west of Lone Pine Rd. 1130 1360 Humbug Rd. east of Skyway 1110 1960 Skyway south of ~iumbug Rd. 8190 9150 Humboldt Rd. east of SR 3Z 150 480 Dayton Rd. north of Durham-Dayton Hwy, 1950 2910 Dayton Rd. east of Dayton 1490 2550 Durham-Dayton Hwy, east of Dayton Rd. 980 1200 Midway south of Oro-Chico Hwy. 4530 4630 Midway north of Durham ~ 4070 2510 Durham-Dayton Hwy. at Butte Creek 3020 2320 Midway south of Durham 1820 1330 Skyway north of De Sabla n.d. 880 Skyway north of Coutolenc 2890 9410 Skyway west of Town limits 8010 12520 Pentz-Magalia Rd. South of Town limits 1430 1274 Neal Rd. east of SR 99 820 710 Pentz Rd. east of SR 99 950 2080 Concow Rd. north of SR TO n.d. 610 Ord-Ferry Rd, at Sacramento River 850 1440 Frias Rd. north of Nelson Rd. ~ 410 SIO Afton Rd. at Glenn Co. Line ll0 l60 Colusa Hwy. at Colusa Co. line 270 550 Richvale Hwy. east of Richvale 890 1010 Afton Rd. west of Biggs 1090 1340 Biggs-Gxidley Hwy. south of Faxris Rd, 2390 22$0 Biggs-Gridley Hwy, north of Gridley 2360 2900 East Gridley Rd. east of Larkin Rd. 3870 4560 Larkin Rd, south of Evans Rd. 1540 1770 Larkin Rd. north of Hamilton Rd. 1240 I560 Eas-t-.Biggs Hwy, east of SR 99 1190 2020 Palermo Rd, west of Lane Tree Rd. 1060 1220 Lincoln Blvd. north of Palermo Rd. 2390 3170 Oro-Quincy Hwy. at Brush Creek., 450 480 Oro-Quincy Hwy. north of Foreman Rd. 1040 1160 Forbestown Rd. west of Lumpkin Rd. 840 1270 Lumpkin Rd, north of Forbestown Rd, 510 640 Bangor Hwy. north of Bangor 660 1080 La Porte Rd. west of Bangor 420 6Qq n,d. - no data -5z- Figure 9 x.981 Traffic VoiumE on r4ajor I~iighways see j ac~Cet) Figure 10 1981 ~iighway Capacity on A~ajor Highways (see jacket) It is important to note that not all the AADT counts shown in Table 7 represent continuous traffic increases through the period. In some cases , traffic decreases are reported, as in the Durham, Biggs-Gridley, Palermo and Forbestown areas. {1) As noted in the discussion on energy, which related traffic volume declines to gasoline prase increases and the petxoleum shortages of 1973-74 and 1979, many rural area traffic counts have shoi,rn temporary declines in AADT during periods of unstable gasoline markets. Traffic in Butte County's largest urban areas were affected less; however declining AADT_growth rates are found in all urban areas during pexaods of gasoline price and supply instability. Varied Trip Generation Rates A review of current traffic demand in Butte County indicates sub- stantial variation in daily trip generation rates, particularly in the County's rural are as. (2) For road planning purposes, the Public forks Department has traditionally assigned an average of seven daily trips per average residential dwelling unit while slightly higher rates are normally applied to urban "areas.(3) However, in the County's rural areas, and particularly in the more remote foothill and mountain areas, trip generation rates (based on population and dwelling unit data) decline sharply with increased distance from uxban and employment centers. Also, it appears that faathill and mountain communities with stronger community centers have even lower trip generation rates. Extensive xetirement populations in these rural axeas would also be cause for reduced rural trip generation. An analysis of remote rural foothill. community .trip generation reveals trip generation rates ranging from near 4.0 to 6.0 average daily trips per dwelling unit, except in the Can caw planning area, where it appears the trap rates are even lower. . (l) Traffic decreases in the Durham area were primarily due to changing the location of Butte Community College Pram Durham to its present site. (2) l~iatox vehicle trap generation rates are assigned to different land uses fox transportation planning purposes. .Rates are expressed as the number of daily trip ends each category of land use will generate, on the average. For example, an urban single family residential home could be assigned a trip genera- tion rate of 1~ trips per day. This would mean that five round trips were generated by that land use per day; (a.e. leaving and returning to the home). Other land uses, such as commercial uses, are assessed trip generation rates teased on trip ends in•~.a similar fashion, but they are established on floor space criteria such as commercial sc~uaxe-footage. (3) See Appendix C Average Trip Generation Rates for Common Land Uses. -53- 6.32 Assessment of Pro'ected Traffic Growth b Plannin Area Year 2000 population forecasts have been assigned to sixteen planning areas which correspond to U. S. Census information b~und- aries (see Figure ~ }. The following review of each planning area is an important part of making future traffic estimates on Butte County arterial and major roads. Nord - A nearly tripled population is forecasted to he located mostly in the extreme north Chico area around the Keefer Raad area. Little population growth is expected west of State Route 99. Road capacity is not seen as a problem, but increased AADT may negatively impact Chico urban area circulation plans since growth in the Noxd planning area will be highly dependent on the Chico economy. Traffic growth on State Route 32 to Glenn County and State Route 99 to Tehama County is expected to increase at rates similar to the last ten years, due largely to slow growth in those adjacent counties and increased intercounty commerce resulting from Chico urban area growth. Forest Ranch - Cahasset - A nearly tripled papulattan could be accomo a e y current arterial and collector road capacity if growth was distributed near existing rural communities in the ~I'anning area. Prtmaxy access roads that generate from the Chico urban area and serve the Cahasset, Forest Ranch, Butte Meadows, Stilson Canyon, and Butte Cxeek Canyon areas would be affected.by reduced levels of service and much increased rural congestion, but still within the levels of service capacity thresholds contained in the Transportation Element. It should be noted that State Route 32 is designated as a controlled access highway by Caltrans in order to provide safe and efficient high speed travel through tuts planning area to interior northeast California. It is assumed that appropriate steps will be taken to ensure that this designation will remain for State Route 32 throughout the planning period to year 2000. Special circulation problems created by significant developmen t and population increases away from the planning area's existing communities and circulation network will require further study and comprehensive specific plans should be developed. For example, extensive development an Doe A4i11 Ridge would present such a pro- blem and a comprehensive areawide specific plan for circulation [as well as other planning concerns} and circulation financing is needed before any significant development proposals are allowed in such areas.(1} utte ounty anning epartment, Analysts of Implications Between the Chico Urban Area Transportation Study (CATS) and State Route 32 Corridor Development, Aiemorandum from Iii. Radabaugh to S, Streeter, January Z8, 1983. -54- Stirlin Cit - No significant population growth or land use changes a~ ectang circulation are forecasted in this mountain planning area to the year 20DD. Chico - Chico will be t}ae dominant city in Butte County in year ~if~with approximately 3b percent of the countywide population located within the influence of the urban area. The Ghico Urban Area Transportation Study {GAYS) should be fine tuned and developed into the basis far an urban area circulation element to be used for planning and financing the urban area's future circulation needs and requirements. Circulation plans should also encourage and provide plans to ta}ce advantage of this city's tremendous potential for public transportation and bicycle commuting. Upper Ridge - Significant population growth in this mountain plan- ning area wi11 cause need for a capacity expansion of the Skyway from Paradise Pines to the Town of Paradise sometime during the 199D's. A~.so, it wi11 be important to ensure adequate access for rapid evaluation in case of a wildland fire emergency in this planning area. The upper ridge will continue to have a very high percentage of senior citiz.e.ns, and public transportation development far this area should, he encouraged as part of a Paradise area transit system. Paradise - The Paradise planning area is almost entirely under the ~ur"~``~'s~ ction of the Town of Paradise. The Town has developed a circulation forecast to 199D which shows the need .for°several street collector extensions to better serve east-west travel demand in the community. Goncow - The population of the Cancow area is forecasted to triple y t e year 2aaD. However, because of extremely low trip generation rates expected by the area's rural population, traffic growth rates will increase slowly, resulting in no needed capacity expansion of primary roads to the area. Durham - Durham planning area population growth will occur at a mu~Tc '~""slower rate than countywide growth and no road and highway capacity increases will be required. However, State Route 99 which borders the Central Butte planning area, will require increased capacity before the early 1990's to a four-lane expressway due to increasing regional and local traffic. Central Butte - This foothill planning area's population growth rate orecast is the highest in Butte County to the year 2DDa; more than a bDa percent increase over 198D. This is due to a very large inventory of land with a designation of Agricultural-Residential {A-R) in the Land Use Element. This area is located mostly south of the Town of Paradise and totals approximately 12,5DD acres. The development potential from the A-R designation is extremely variable due to its wide density range {1-4D dwelling units per acre) allowed. -55- This kind of density range does not allow the development of a con- fident traffic forecast fox the planning area. The planning area presents special problems for circulation fan- ning and forecasting, in that the area is largely undeveloped, contains difficult terrain, and could potentially impact circulation plans and programs in the Town of Paradise and Cl~ico. Before significant developments occur in this area, a comprehensive plan should be developed for this planning area. Feather Falls - Brush Creek - No significant population growtl~ or an use c anges a ec xn g circulation are forecasted in this mountain planning axea to the year 2000. Table Mountain - A3ost of the growth iri this faot~iill planning area way occur a ~acent to the Oroville planning area and new traffic growth s~~ould be absorbed by the circulation netwoxk serving the Oroville urban area. Berry Creek - Hurleton - This foothill planning area is expected to experience a~rap~id growth rate to the year 2000. A significant portion of the parcels and land divisions that would accommodate the projected grawth in this area have already been created but are presently vacant. Primary access routes in this planning area are State Route 162/Oroville-Quincy Highway which services the Berry Creek area and Forbestawn Raad which services the fiurleton area and paints east in the Feather Falls - Brush Creek area. Due to lower trip generation xates found in this rural foothill area; overall traffic growth rates are expected to be lower than urban area growth rates. However, trip generation rates in areas neaxest Oroville should be higl~er, due to increased economic activity related to the Oroville urban area. Na arterial road or highway capacity increases will be rec{uired to serve this axea, howevex, a number of rural roads may be in need of improvement as new residents entex the area. Gridle~ Bi~~s - Ruxa1 traffic growth in this agricultural planning area wi13 increase slowly to the year 2000-and no arterial capacity increases are projected. Traffic growth in the City of Gridley will cause the potential for reduced levels of service duxing peak traffic hours on several downtown streets and State Route 99 immediately east of downtown Gridley. Oroville - This planning area conforms closely to the area covered zn~ity of Oroville's General Plan. Alt!~ough the Oxaville -56- area population growth rate is expected to be slightly slower than the countywide rate to yeax 2000, it will result in significant traffic increases throughout the planning area, The long-range need for roadway expansion to a four-lane surface street is forecasted for Oroville Dam Boulevard (State Route 162) from 12th Street to Canyon Drive. Also, extension of Ophir Road and a north-sautlt collector will be needed to service the south Oroville area, which is expected to be the urban area's main growth area. The expansion of State Route 162 will probably occur in segments in the 1990's although more immediate sight distance improvements at the west interchange of State Routes 70 and 162 would help to reduce the current accident rate and slightly improve State Route i62 capacity at this point. It should be noted that Caltrans has na current plans to widen the highway in this area. Palermo - Traffic demand in this planning area is expected to double y ie year 2000 on the area's collector roads, but no capacity problems are foreseen. Traffic demand in this planning area will be closely related to the nature of employment generation in the south Oroville industrial area. Honcut-Bangor - The pxesent system of major roads servicing this p7 tinning area will have ample capacity to accommodate the area's forecasted population. Aiost of the traffic-growth will occur in the foothill portions around Bangor. Agricultural western portions of the planning area will have s1o~a traffic growtl~. 6.33 -Road and Highway Requirements in the Year 2000 Level of Service - The need for the expansion of a road's capacity is eterm~.ne y relative roadway congestion and expressed in "level of service". Level of service is defined by the relationship between traffic volume and maximum design capacity of a roadway. The ratio between existing volume and. capacity of a roadway is then assigned one of six sexvice .level ratings, Table 8, on the follow- ing page, illustrates maximum roadway capacities at various levels of service. A further description of level. of sexvice as it relates to traffic capacity is found in Appendix D . For planning purposes, it is desirable to maintain high-speed rural highway traffic at a level of sexvice "B". ~iowever, service should be considered acceptable at level of service "C", particularly when fiscal, environmental, or site constraints are prohibitive. Urban arterials and collectors should be planned to provide a level of service "C", and be considered to be providing acceptable service at level of service "D" when fiscal, environmental, or site constraints are prohibitive. -57- ~-, ~~ CJ Q rl v j;.a [] Q q O O Ci O Q O q O q O O ~ o a q q I.n o 0 ~ w w .~ w w w w '~ ~D ~' N W I~ N 00 (U e-~ N t~ CZ' r^'I ~ Q a ~ .~, a~ Ca rn q o o C7 0 o q q ~..~ o o c7 c> to o q Sri r-1 ~ ~D 00 N [~ L7~ N u ~ w w w w w w w ~ C) ~-~I N r~ ~ ~ +D rn cu a U O r~ o\a }i O ~ ~ a~ ~ ~--~ u u .,a N V o 0 0 0 0 0 0 `~ Ql O o 0 o q O O }~ R-~ r-F o6 N ~C ~ O ~O ~ ~ aj w w w w w w w ~ N y ~ a~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ td ~ ~ rl N M r-i LrS M ~I `-.~ o a~ u ~ •~ ~ ~ r-, a~ ~ o 0o y a~ o a~ ~ :` a a~ ,--i , b ~ o o ca o q o 0 ,~ o 0 o c In o 0 ro y. .a r+ N oo ~ ~ N ~ to E,,,y ~, { ~ O w w w w w w w •r! `~ `y ~ O N M N o I.n ar a a n~ U ., e~p 0 +jy `J O Q ~; C q G O O O Q r-d O O O O D O O Q} O '~Y N 00 Ui N ~ y w w w w w w w Qi C'A 'ct Q7 CO O M ~ ~ ri r-I N r-i 'ct ~D ~ ~ ~ u ~ ~-+ 3 ~ c~ a~ a~ ~ w c~ a~ ~ o ~ ~ ~ ~. a~ •~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~+ ~ ~ rn ~ ~ ~ f~+ U td iJ U ttS t[f u cd r cC cd .-e 3 $ us 4-! r 4-+ RF-I ca~ v ~ H ~ ~ ~ G ~ ~ ~ VF O t/f U1 F-+ ~+I 4-i .~ ttS N Q? ~ r~ ~ G3 ~ N ~ *C3 ~ cti ~+ c3 td cti tt3 [d r-I ~ ~I.,i ri r~i .-~ r-i r-~ O I 1 V1 1 ! 1 1 i ~ N M ~ ~O N ~M' ~D N ~-- cd .'~ ~d c~ •,~ "d cd Fi .r., N i-- ri y a~ b N a .,.i •.-t b a u c~ b ro ~. ~ • a~ ~ rn ~ eaet. ro 1^^~ •7" ?~f t"1 }y b b 1~'~ ~i .S i N N Q) H b p+ ~ . cd ~ a~ w u as ~~ H •~ A b +-' 03 DC H ~~ Q3 O Rural Areas - Table 9, indicates traffic volume changes etween 1971 and 1981 and provides a year 2000 forecast for the State highway system in Butte County. Figure ~.1, on page b2a, shows relative traffic volumes on major Butte County rural highways forecasted for the year 2000. Figure 11 should be compaxed with figures 9 and 10, in oxder to compare traffic volume changes between 1981 and 2000 and existing capacity fox the State highway system. The following state highway segments have current or projected capacity-safety problems that will need correction during the 1981 to 2000 planning period. State Route 99 - 0.8 miles north of Pentz Road to 0.~ miles sa uth o t e yway overcrossing. This segment of highway is presently, near capacity and should be widened to a four-lane expressj,ray in the near future, This highway provides the vital transportation link between the Chico urban area and points to the south. This project should receive a numlzer two priority ranking in future Butte County RTIP's. State Route 99 - Live Oak in Sutter County to East Biggs Highway nee s continuous shoulders and channelizations to improve safety as swell as capacity. This project should receive a number three priority in future RTiP's. State Route 32 - Gianella Bridge. The present bridge presents a sa ety an occasional capacity problem due to its narrow lanes. A new bridge with shoulders is needed. This project should receive a number four priority izi future RTIP's. Other capacity-related State highiaay projects in the 1983 RTIP and which are located in rural areas of the County include; Addition of passing lanes on State Route 70 from the ~'uba County line to Oroville. channelizations on State Route 99 from 0.5 miles south of Wilson Landing to 0,5 miles north of Broyles Rvad. Widening and strengthening of various State Route 70 bridges at Iioncut Creek. Also, the County should continue to support retention of rz.ght-of-way for the future realignment of State Route 99 fxom the Sutter County line to Iiamiltan Road, aithaugh the construction of this realign- ment is not fa recasted during the planning period. -59-- Table g Existing and Forecasted Traffic Volumes State Highway Routes in Butte County {Annuallbrera¢e Daily Traffic) Caltrans Butte County 20D0 2000 Location 1971 1981 Forecast Forecast State Route 32 Glenn-Butte line 5600 8200 13000 13000 East Ave. (east} n.d. 98D0 155D0 W, 8th Ave. (east) 7500 10200 16100 152D0 Sacramento Ave. (east) 9ZD0 10$00 21200x Chico - 1st St. (east) 8044 14700 19900x Main St. {eastbound) 9100 Z1704x 14400 Dtain St, (westbound} 7500 21400x act. SR 99 (eastbound} 8200 11300 z Jct, SR 99 (westbound) 61D0 18700 Chico-Forest Ave, (west) 23.00 3000 16700 400D Forest Ranch (west) 850 22D0 410D 4500 Lomo (west) 800 1500 2900 3000 Butte-Tehama line 550 820 1600 1600 State Route 70 Yuba-Butte line 5D00 63DD 9400 9400 Palermo Rd. (north) ,jct. 5R 162 (north) 5ID0 720D b7D0 iD2D0 1IZ00 122D0 16000xx Oroville-hiontgamery 9400 14300 xx 22800 (north) SR 149 south Jct 7000 10300 14900 (south) i654pxx . Jct, SR 191 ~south~ 325D 4850 Pentz-tiagalia Hwy, (south} 1450 1950 4100 (north} 404D Concow-Big Bend Rd. (south) 1400 n,d, 3204 (north) 2800 Butte-Fiumas line 1250 1200 1900 1900 State Route 99 Sutter-Butte line 6i0D 7700 10200 10200 Gridley-Y~ilsan Ave. {north) 11900 12800 15D04 15000 Jct, SR 162 (north) 42D0 4700 7000 6000 -60- Table 9 (continued) Caltrans Butte County 2000 2040 . Location 1971 1981 Forecast Forecast Jct. SR 149 (north) 8600 10600 16800 17500 ,Teal Rd. (north) $800 14000 23000 24000 27200 Skyway (north) 14000 25000 50900x Jct. 5R 32 {north) 17000 27560 6b700x 38700 Chico-Cohasset Rd. (south) 13500 23100 48600x Chico-Eaton Rd. (south) S90D 9900 2D400x 12500 i:eefer Rd. (south) 5100 7600 1250D Butte-Tehama line 4900 6000 9900 9900 State Route 149 Shippee Rd. 4300 b400 9300 11500 State Route 162 Glenn-Butte line 83D 880 150p 1200 Jct. 5R 99 (Biggs north} 630 700 1500 900 Jct. SR 99 [Richvale east) 1750 2100 3400 2300 Oroville-Larkin Rd. (east] ;050 4300 4500 740pxx Orovil a-12th St. feast) 5100 8000 11400 12900xx Jct. 5R 7D (east) 7050 20000 31500xx 35000 O~ velE lv( st) st x wy i ) ea n.d. 17900 27gOpx 173aD Foothill Blvd, (east} n. d, 13.200 2D100xx Oakvale Ave. {east) n.d, 8500 I6600xx 13700 i:eily Ridge Rd. (east) n. a. 3550 6200xx 6ZD0 Forbesto~Jn Rd. (east) n.d. 125D 3000 Farman Rd. {end SR) 77D 1050 1700 2500 State Route i91 Jet. SR 70 1856 3100 4SOD Pentz Rd. (east) 1900 n.d. 5100 Paradise-Pears an Rd. (end) 3850 b760 14700xxx n. - no ata x - Chico Area Transpo rtation Study, 1982 xx - Oroville Circulat ion Element (prorated) xxx -Town of Yaraaise Traff+c Study, 1J::~ -b 1- Discussion of Year 2DD0 Traffic Forecasts Stat_ a H_~hway Routes in Butte County The following discussion describes generally how year 20D0 traffic forecasts for various locations an the state highway system were derived by Butte County. As the year 2000 traffic forecast indicates, Butte County utilized the county-line and/or road segment ending forecasts o£ Caltrans for State Route's 32, 70,99 and 1b2. In the Chico area, the forecasts for State Route's 32 and 99 are from the 1982 Chico Urban Area Trans- portation Study (CATS}, which has been cited previously. In the Oroville area, the forecasts for State Route's 74 and 162 have been prorated from the year 2005 forecast contained in the City a£ Oraville's Circulation Element (adopted in 1983). All other fore- casted segments wexe based on a combination of estimated pass- through traffic plus local trip generation expected by the year 2000 land use pattern affecting a particular forecasted segment. Critical segments where forecasts could significantly vary from actual year 2000 traffic conditions include: State Route 32: Glenn-Butte line - Caltrans forecast may be high, and will depend on the rate of growth in northeastern Glenn County and transpoxtation salience bet~reen Interstate ~ and the Chico urban area economy, The forecast on State Route 32 in northwest Chico is greater than that indicated by the CATS in order to reflect the Caltrans county line forecast. State Route 99: Gridley - lvilson Ave. - This segment has shown significant peak day and hour variations that are xelated to the level of canning and food processing in Gridley, The future level of canning activity in Gridley will be the mast influential factor in determinixg the year 20oD traffic levels at this sefiment, Meal Road (north) - This segment will be mast influenced by the future traffic generation ability of Sutte Community College. The segment forecast assumes that Butte Community College enrollment will increase at a rate nearly parallel to Fiutte County urban area population growth rates, as a whole. State Route 191: Paradise-Pearson Rd. - The Paradise Traffic Study forecast indi- cates a significant build-out of the area within the Town limits near this intersection. -62- Fi ~;ure 1 ~ Forecasted Tra~~ic Volume in Year 2DD0 an A~ajor Highways (see jacket -~ ~ County maintained rural roads wlYich are to be improved with FAS funds have been prioritized in tlic: ItTP, These FAS system roads are presently prioritized in the following order and :rill be con- structed as federal funds and .lie lU percent local matching funds are made available: 1. Keefer Road (3.Z miles from State Route 99 to Ilicks Lane) 2. Ord berry Roaci (River Road to one mile east) 3. Pentz Road (1.3 miles south, o:~ Paradise To-.~n limits to Town limits) 4. Ophir Load Extension (1.5 miles :from Li ncoln Blvd. to Lower ~~yan otte Rcl. ) 5. Col~.asset Road (2.5 mi les from 2'--? miles to 5 miles northeast o Peefer x:oad) b, Keefer Road. (2.2 mile s from 14icks Lane #;o Cohasset Road) Urban Areas - Forecasted traffic demand for the urban areas of Z'F~isco; "Z1'r~vilie, and Paradise have been based largely on local forecasts enerated by each municipality. The extent of urbanize d area arouii~ each But"te "County cbmmuz~~ty "'is shown graphically in Figure A, which a.s found ~.n the Transportation Elementts policy section. 6,12. Far transportation planning purposes, this Element has defined each urban area by a composite of urban FAU boundaries and urban land use plans for each city, Projected year 2.000 arterial and major collector street and highway networks £or the Ghico, Oroviile and Paradise and Gridley-Biggs urban areas are indicated by Figures G, D, E and. F, respectively, in Section 7.0. It is assumed that-present urban area street mainten- ance and construction programs, along with new future programs, and adherance to the pol~.cies and programs of Section 7.0 w~.11 work. . talethex to determine futuxe priorities for specific urban area street and highway projects. Two urban area arterial highway projects have been given a high priority due to present capacit?T-safety t roblems include: State Route 162 (Oro Flom Blvd./Oroville) - Removal and replacement o two rai roa underpasses wlLich presently constrict the. 4-lane surface street to 2 lanes. This project should continue to receive a number one priority ranking; in the Butte County RT~P, until it is completed. -63- Sk wa (Paradise ax ~.) - Realignment of the Sk ~ _ay between Cautelenc o~acT and 0.2 miles~.~nside of the northern Town of Paradise limits. This portion of the Skyway between the Town of Paradise and Paradise Pines is at ar near capacity. T}te realignment would follata the imp raved grade of the abandoned Southern Pacific rail line to Stirling City, making construction of a 2-lane expressway along this segment possible. This project is committed for sttmmex, 1983. A number of tjx•ban area street and highway improvements, both to increase capacity on existing arterials and collectors, and for new road's, will be required during the planning period, particularly in the Chico area and south Oroville area. The actual. timing of these future highway improvements should be a result of the refinement of land use based traffic models fox both the Chico and Oroville areas. 5.4 Other Transportation Pdodes Forecast 6,41 Public Transportation Public Transportation services, and uarticularly fixed routes and scheduled bus systems, will. need to continue expanding to meet the demands of the County's increasing population and ridership demand. The following forecast assessment is provided for each area of Butte County with an existing public transportation system or potential far a system: Intercity Transit - Butte County Transit (BCT) routing is not expects to c ange significantly in t}~e near future. fiot~•ever, BCT will continue to receive sustained ridership increases and addi- tional buses and scheduling are likely in the future as: 1) BCT, itself, matures and. increases its popularity; 2) urban area transit systems mature and transit system interfacing imp raves with BCT; and 3} as Butte County's urban area populations increase. Chico Area Transit System - Chico's bus system will slowly increase i s ra ers ip rate as tie system's routing is refined. In the long- term, substantially increased Chico bus ridership rates will depend on haw the system is integrated into transportation plans for Chico's new residential growth areas and employment centers. Oroville Transit System - Oxoville's bus system will gain slowly in r~ ers ip as coot ination between it and BCT improves. Like Chico, the Oroville system has Long-term opportunities to expand if properly integrated into the transportation plans far new residential growth and employment centers. Paradise Area - The Paradise-Paradise Pines area is forecasted to be serve y a acal fixed route bus system at least by the late 1980'x. T}le Paradise General Plan calls for a feasibility study of a fixed route bus system serving the Town.(1) ,Because of substa~i- tial population increases that are forecasted in the Paradise Pines area it is•assumed that a Paradise area transit system would evenL~ually include Paradise Pines in its service area. ara~ ass ,ener~l ]'~.an, n~, ~'TI - Q1 -64- Other Areas in Butte County - Although future population densities in the remainder o utte aunty i~rill not likely justify additional urban area or intercity fixed route systems, the Long-term potential far j itney anti local sexvice vans and buses operating on a private basis offer tl~e best solution to providing transit services to rural areas of the County, particularly if gasoline prices should increase sharply in the future. Passenger Rail Service - Recent federal and state budget problems iaF~ve~'le to considerat"ion of reduced service levels for Amtrak. however, because the Coast Starlight route is a basic component of Amtrak's national service system, no service cutbacks are expected. 6.42 Transportation Systems Managenkent TS1~4 programs involving ridesharing, traffic flow and signal synchron- ization, and bimodal traffic integration are expected to be expanded at a moderate pace through the year 2000 planning pe riod. The passage of SB 320, which allocates to BCAG funds for rideshare programming, will be critical component to expanding the ridesharing program in Butte County during the 1980'x. Bimodal integration and route scheduling between public transit systems, ridesharing, formal and informal park and ride lot locations, and urban bicycle programs will gradually increase as planning and management decisions are made to bettex accommodate and coordinate opportunities for bimodal transportation programs. The actual rate of expansion of TSM programs involving bimodal transportation and ridesharing will largely depend on the following three factors; 1) the level of governmental encouragement and support; 2} the effect of economic conditions and gasoline prices on future auto travel demand, and 3} the rate of population growth in the County's urban areas. Traffic flaw and signal synchronization improvements are assumed to occur in each urban axea roughly proportional to population growth. 6.43 Bicycle Ridership Bicycle ridership is expected to take a slowly increasing portion of the total number of daily personal trips in urban areas through the year 2000. However, the actual rate of increase will, like many TSA~f programs, depend on 1} government- encouragement and support, 2) the effects of economic conditions and gasoline prices of future auto travel demand, and 3} the rate of population growth. An important part of any program to increase the rate of bicycle use will be the adoption and implementation of hike plans for each urban area, particularly for the Chico and Oroville areas. Cooper- ative bike planning, includin g for the use of TDA allocations, between -65- Butte County and the cities will Caltrans should be encouraged to when reconstructing or expanding period. be necessary in many cases. Also, develop improved bic3rcle access state highways during the planning Butte Gounty should develop a rural bicycle plan to serve urban recreational demands. In most cases, bicycle commuting in rural Butte Gounty titi~ill have little demand. The only exception would be on routes between the Chico urban area and Butte Community College. The following is a list and description of passible bicycle' routes that should be considered in a rural bicycle plan: State Route 99 - Pentz Road to Butte Community Colle e - This could e a ass icyc e commu er route. a raps s ou insure ade- quate bicycle access from Chico to Pentz Road during the widening of State Route 99. Chaco to Durham to Butte Community Colle e - This route would take advantage o any'-a an anment o t e ort ern Sacramento Railway line which parallels the Afidway between Chico and Durham. A Class II route would be developed between Durham and Butte College. State Route 32 - Chico to Forest Ranch - This leas become a popular recreationa route an a tans s ou consider construction of a Class I'~ facility. Sacramento Ave. to River Road to Chico-River Road to Y-'. 5th.Ave.- ~.s as a popu ar recreation loop and the County Should consider development of Class II and III facilities. Larkin Road - State Route lb2 to Orovalle - Gridley ~iighwa route~as--potential as a [:lass 11 or t3~ roc Ora Dam Blvd. - east of State Route 162 to Dam - This could be a popu ar rou e i a equa e y eve ope . 6.44 Pedestrian Access Most future pedestrian access development will be parallel with urban street development in urban growth areas. The development of pedestrian recreational corridors will require that Butte County and associate city governments take an active role in developing such corridors. It should be noted that the Butte County RTP's policies for pedestrian issues are similar to those for bicycle ridership, including for the use of TDA funds. 6.45 Aviation Forecast Butte County air travel is expected to increase at a faster rate than countywide population growth to the mid 1990's, due largely to new economies that are presented by increasing urban area populations. Annual pex capita Sutte County air travel is expected to increase from 0.57 trips/person-year in 1970 to over two trips/ person-year 1995,(1) It is forecasted that four-fifths of 1995 Butte County scheduled passenger air travel will be to and from locations in California. Over 75 percent of this California travel is forecasted to occur between Butte County and Southern California. (2) Also, the number of aircraft based at County airports is expected to increase at rates near population growth rates. No major changes in airport classification or physical layout is forecasted during the planning period. 6.46 Commercial Goods Transportation Forecast Freight growth in trucking is expected parallel gross national product growth during the long-term. For Butte County, trucking will increase at a slightly greater rate than automobile VA~'T growth, resulting in a slightly increased ratio of trucks in Butte County's highway mode mix through the planning period. Rail - Rail freight traffic rates will be closely tied to future economic conditions. For Southern Pacific, a projected drop in lumber shipments and increased competition from long haul trucking will result in some~vhat reduced rail movement through Butte County. IYestern Pacific's biggest slipping season is during the late summer and fall when processed agricultural products axe freighted east. The effects of the Union Pacific - Western Pacific merger are not yet clear as to their impact on future ~~iestern Pacific freight volumes. The Sacramento Northern's recent drop in freight traffic is cause for concern because it implies that the railway may be abandoned by its owner. Any application for abandonment would be determined by the federal Interstate Commerce Commission (ICC) after any public protests were reviewed. The City of Chico has indicated its willingness to protest abandonment: of Sacramento Northern rail service to Butte County. Unlit Gas and Electrical Corridors - No new natural gas or gaso ine pipe znes or mayor a ectrlcal transmission lines are forecasted to be constructed in Butte County during the planning period. however, because of forecasted growth in the Paradise - Paradise Pines area, PG~,E may construct a second parallel 60 KV line next to its existing spur line between Chico and Paradise. e a i oxnia vza ion ystem Plan, Volume II, Caltrans, May, 1981, Table V-2. (2) Ibid, Table V-7. -67- Bi1TTL COC1i3TY CIRG~LATION P,LI:i~iLhTT Part Two Section 7,0 Transportation Issues and Policies BUTTE COUNTY CIRCULATION EI.E3~fENT Part Two Section 7.0 Transportation Issues and Policies This section identifies basic issues facing ~3utte County's transport- ation future and describes goals, objectives, policies and specific programs that will help guide the County in resolving transportation issues. This section is topically organized and is based on data and discussions found in Sections I.0 through 6.0 - Basis far Policy. Policies and circulation maps are presented for both county- wide and urban area transportation issues. 7.1 Transportation Issues Many concerns and issues are described by the Cireulati.on Ele- ment's Basis for Policy section. These are summarized by the follow- ing list of transportation related questions: 1. How wi11 Butte County accommodate major increases in traffic during the next 15 to 20 years, particularly in and between its urban areas? 2, How will Butte County keep pace with road maintenance needs in face of the prospects of continuing shortages of road maintenance revenues? 3. 1-low are new road developments to be financed? 4. Haw active will the future state highway construction program be in Butte County? S. How can intergovernmental coordination of land use and trans- portation plans be improved? b. ~ti~ill the utilization of urban "holding zones" ax development reserves which a11aw contiguous and timely urban expansion, including for streets, be implemented? 7. What role will the availability and price of transportation fuels play in our transportation future? 8. How will future foothill developments affect circulation along present transportation corridors and around faothil~ commun- ities and settlements? -b8- 9. Will Butte County's road standards for land divisions insure that future developments are served By adequately designed local and collector street and road patterns? l0. Will Butte County have adequate commuter air service in the future? 11. How can transit use, carpooling, and bicycle commuting be increased, and what other measures will be taken to reduce energy consumption, roadway congestion, and air pollution in Butte County? -69- 7.2 Countywide Policies .County~ride transportation policies have been organized in a topical foxmat. T}yey apply to urban, suburban, and rural land use and circulation situations t}~raughout the Cazxnty, and should be crass-referenced, as appropriate, particularly r~~hen cumulative effects and impacts can be created by an action or series of actions over time. Figure A, on the following page, illustrates the functional classification of major roads, excluding major urban are a5, in Butte County to the year 200. 7.21 Transportation and Land Ilse The California Government Code requires the County to correlate its circulation plans to its land use planning pro~-ram. This requirement reflects the close interrelationship between trans- portation and land use planning. Goal l.d Develop a transportation system in a manner that encourages efficient land utilization. Objective 1,1 Accommodation of growth in areas presently serviceable should occur in a manner which is cost effective, safe and consiste~~t with environmental constraints. Policies 1.1.1 Bxisting road capacity available wit}yin the County road system shall be used to serve future develop- ment, unless construction of anew road will direct development into areas better suited for development than areas presently served by exist- in~; roads. 1.1.2 The transportation system shall be a manner consistent with specified ties and estimated trip generation and which is consistent with the p development in and around existin g community centers. developed in land use densi- . capabilities ~licy to encourage cities and 1.1.3 Circulation plans for t}ie County's foothill areas Should be designed around patterns u'}1ic}1 encourage development near existing high~ray corri- dors and emphasize development near existing rural community ce~~.te rs . -70- Figure A Countywide Circulation A~ajar Raad and Highway C~.assificatian {see jacket) 1.1.4 New road construction occur only to support economy or to imp rave serve a Countywide and in agricultural areas will the area's agricultural capacity of highway's which regional interest. 1.1.5 Construction of additional natural gas and petroleum products pipelines and electrical transmission Tines shall occur along existing utility corridors. Objective 1.2 Provide an integrated system of roads and hi~;hways that serve all land use needs. F'alicies 1.2.1 Road system planning will emphasize preservation of the exiating roadway network while working to increase the efficiency and capacity of the existing network. 1.2.2 The mast important roads and highways should be designed and maintained to the highest possible level of service and convenience. The least important roads and highways should receive only the improvements necessary to maintain their structural integrity and operational safety. The relative importance of the County's road highway network is graphically illustrated in Figure A. 1.P Program: Priority €'rogramming System - The Public tiVorks Department, should develop a road and highway maintenance p ra gram which allocates funds according to functional classification categories, as defined in Section 5.0 based on relative needs in each category. Implementation: Interdepartmental agreement to implement a proposed allocation program. 7.22 Fiscal Fiscal policies are mainly concerned with 1) how to adequately finance future maintenance programs for existing roads, and 2) haw to equitably finance new roads and necessary road capacity increases caused by netiv development throughout the County. Poor prospects fax substantially increased mad revenues to balance Butte County's current road maintenance needs leads to a forecast of future years of increasing road maintenance deficits in the County (Section 4,0). . -71- Goal Z.0 Road and highway programs should be defined so that the great- est benefits are obtained with a minimum use of limited financial resources. Objective 2.1 Provide an adequate road system that is within the County's abilit}~ to finance and maintain. Pa11CieS 2.1.1 All available public and private sources shall be used for the funding of road and highway develop- ment, improvement and maintenance. 2.1.2 Butte County will encourage and support sincere efforts by County residents to form assessment districts fox road maintenance and~road drainage. 2.1.3 Tt is suggested that the utilization of County road funds should focus on completing projects with a higher priority before completing a lower priority project. Proposed bridge and road projects will l~.e classified in relation to the following priorities: Priority One: ~Ur ent P_rajects - Projects of. an urgent nature that are `c e~ar~Iy needed to protec the health and safety of the traveling public such as imminent bridge or xoad bed failure. Sample project: reconstruction of a storm damaged road bed where such damage has severely restricted traffic and access. Pxiorit Two: Safety Projects - Projects which are inten ec~ to reTuce tie num er and severity of accidents along a particular road segment. Sample project: a change in road alignment where an alternative is needed to reduce high accident rates. Also includes traffic signals, stop signs, cross-walks, and other traffic engineering decisions. Priority Three: Reconstruction/I~9aintenance Projects ro~ec w ~c invo ves ongoing main enance, rel~abilitation, and reconstruction requirements needed to preserve the existing bridge and road network. Sample project: routine maintenance to prevent structural damage {as opposed to improvements in surface rideability. -~z- Priorit Four: Ca~aci.t Improvements - Projects t at ~.nva ve operational improvements to the exist- ing road network that increase service efficiency and capacity. Sample project: widening of an arterial road to increase capacity. Also includes Transportation System !`ianagement projects, 'Priority Five : :Vew Con_ struction Pro 'ects - ~rojects which involve constru tiorio anew bridge or road. New County construc-czon projects sha11 receive higher priority when they accommodate development in locations within reasonable proximity to centers of employment and shopping facilities and which encourage the conservation of energy in the transportation sector. Sample project: construction of an urban area collector street. 2.1.4 The County wi11 support State legislative efforts which increase road maintenance funds and benefit the County, as a whole. [lbjectiye 2.2 Encourage development in areas that can be served by public roads in a manner that does not become an economic :burden to the County, aver time. Policies 2.2.1 The short term and long term costs of improving and maintaining the cixculation infrastructure will be a major factor in determining land use and development decisions. z.2.2 The. County will, continue to seek, solutions to an equitable allocation of road revenue resources. 2,2.3 The cost of new roads shall be borne as equitably as possible among benefiting property owners and/or users. 2.2.4 The County will pursue the' development of a comprehensive fiscal impact model or program, including for traffic and road impacts, to assist in the analysis of cost and revenue balances from proposed development projects. -73- 2.P Program: The County will study, develop and imple- ment,.as feasible, the following road related fiscal programs, aver time: 1} Road assessment districts for maintenance of new development. 2} Development fees for off-site traffic impacts caused by new development. This program should fi xst develop plans and schedules far specific developments that will contribute to the impact of circulation in ~surroundin g locations, Along-term goal of a Countywide developer fee program for traffic impacts should be studied and implemented at a later date. Comprehensive road development fee programs s~tould be jointly developed bet~ti~een the County and the cities of Butte County. 3} Drainage assessment districts in problem areas. 4} Enforceable road development agreements. Implementation: :tear and I~4iddle Term. 7.23 Environmental The following policies are in tended to help mitigate the en vironmental impacts of transportation. Goal 3.0 Minimize the negative impacts of transportation in the County. Objective 3.1 Plan for transportation modes and strategies that ensure goad air duality, reduce noise, reduce petroleum consump- tion, reduce the need to devote additional lands to transportation uses , and lessen the dangers presented by transportation of hazardous materials in the County. Policies 3.1.1 The County will support continued implementation of the State motor vehicle emission control p ragram as part of the effort to meet and maintain federal air quality standards. 3.1.2 The effects of noise from County roads, highways, and airports shall be mitigated to comply with ~, DESI GNATED f :ZARDOUS AND TOXIC MA` TRIALS ROUTES FIGURE B . ., • +~-rrturvstu rtuu ~ t 1 ~ .) all noise control policies in the Genexal Flan. 3.1.3 Butte Gounty> will encourage transportation modes and programs that are capable of reducing total and per capita transportation energy consumption, including; public transit, bicycle commuting, ridesharin g and carpooling, and increased federal vehicle fuel efficiency standards. 3.1.4 The County shall enca~.~rale the continued develop- ment and implementation of comprehensive state and federal Programs for the regulation and monitorin g of tlxe transportation of. hazardous and toxic mater- ials on highways and. railways in and throi~bh the County, Figure 33 indicates designated highway and rail routes far the transportation of hazardous and toxic materials in the County. Appropriate fire and emergency 5erva.ces a~;ellcie5 shall partic- ipate in plans for the transportation of hazardous and toxic materials in and through tl~e County, 7.24 Road and Street Standards policies far road and street standards should be approp riately related to various amounts and-types of traffic that result from servicing eiifferent land use densities and planning; areas. ~~'hile design standards should ensure that a project he designed to solve a n roblem at a specific location, they should also ensure that circulation Patterns be able to meet future traffic requirements. Goal 4.0 Provide for a road and highway networlt that meets the needs of existing and anticipated movements of people and goods. Obi active 4.1 Provide for adequately designed road and street patterns to serve present and future traffic volumes. Policies 4.1.1. For general and circulation planning purposes, the County will follow the system of classification of street, roads, and highways as described in Section 5.0 and illustrated by Figure A. 4. i.2 Rural arterial road and highway traffic capacity - 75- levels should he planned to pr~ service "~", and be considered acceptable service at -level of fiscal, environmental, or site prohibitive. vide a level of to be providing service "C" ltirhen constraints are 4.1.3 The'County wi11 insure that arterial routes continue to serve as major traffic carriers and remain free of unnecessary future intersections, driveways, on-street parking, and traffic overloads. 4.1.4 Right-af-way needed far new roads or expansion of existing roads s}call be planned far; land uses that would preclude the timely development of such right-of-way shall he prohi}yited. 4.1.5 The County will ensure that all road systems, including pxivate roads, connect various properties slated for {potential cevelopment, both to each other .and to a puhliciy maintained road system. 4. 1.b Usable road easements of adequate width sha11 be located as to most beneficially serve the needs of all Parcels. 4.1..7 The County will, assume maintenance res;~onsibility only for roads which meet full County standards. 4.1.8 Private subdivision roads will be built to full County standards and they will tae privately maintained as such throughout their maintenance cycle. 4.1.9 Netiv roads resulting from land divisions will be constructed to Cauiity standards whenever an area has potential for significant traffic from future development., A lotiaer standard may be considered reasonable for roads w:~ich wi11 always serve as only lot access and i~Tiil never be suitable to become Corm ty roads. 4. 1. 1U Nesv land divisions s}~auld be ]~e1d responsible far their ~ai.r share of the off-site road improvements needed to handle the traffic increases that they cause . -7b- •- 4.1.11 The. County should encoural;e the utilization of development agreements as one way of ensuring that xoad development standards and plans are met, 4.]..12 The County will require erosion mitigation and control plans for new developments and far road encroachment permits to prevent soil loss during and after road development activities, 4.1.13 The County iui11, on an on-going basis, evaluate 1vliicli roads are needed in the County roaci system and wl~i.ch roads should perhaps revert to private ownership. 4.1,.14 Proposals to abandon or close .County roads and right-of-ways shall address-the impacts of abandonment on local land uses identified in the General Plan, and sixal l also address the impacts of alternative l~ul?lic uses of the right-of-way, such as bikeways, riding trails and hiI<in~* trails. 4.1.15 For tike purpose of Section Ci64$4 of t;ie~ Subdivi~ sian Tap Act, botI~ urban and rural arterials and collectors shall be considered mayor thoroughfares. 4.P-1 Program: The County should adopt an erosion control plan reclizirement fox tl~e canstrt~ction of~pu~~ic and private roads . Implementation: Adapt ordinance subsequent to adoption of revised Natural Resources and Recreation Element . 4.P-2 Program: The County should prepare a land division design manual t,~hich pxovides detailed guidance regarding improvement standards, including for roads . Implementation: Prepare and adopt t,Tithin four years, 7.25 Safety The folla~,ring policies relate to safet}l issues involving police and fire protective services. 4tl~er road and highti~ray safety issues, such as roadway duality or hazardous materials transport- ation are covered elsewhere. -77- Ob "active 5.1 Support safety standards establis?led by emergency and protective service agencies. Policies 5.1.1 AlI road systems, both public and i~rivate, shall provide for t}}e safe evacuation of residents and adegtaate access far fire and other e~:ergency services by providing at least tYao means of emergency access to an interconnected collector system. 5 .I .2 The County will work with --the -Butte County Fire Department and the California Department of Forestry towards developing emergency evacu- ation routing plans for developing foothill and mountain areas with extreme fire hazard potential. 7.26 Special Studies and Specific Plans Special studies and specific plans can serve to augment portions of the General Plan, including circulation plans. Specific plans can be a convenient way to systematically implement each element of the General .Plan for designated planning areas in the County. Special circulation problems can be created by significantly large development projects and cumulative population increases away from the main circulation network serving existing communities and urban centers and special studies and specific plans should be developed before advancing with such developments. Objective 6.1 P~.annin~* areas should be encouraged to develop -~lith integrated, c:.f.ficient, anti ~~ell designed road systems. - 78- Policies 6.1.1 Specific plans shall be encouraged for land use, circulation, and cumulative transportation impacts for planning areas where land use design- ations and zoning lacks significant prevision to adequately project future traffic conditions and/or where common circulation needs are apprdpriate. b.1 .2 Specific Plans developed for each planning area shall address circulation. 6.P Program: The County's rural foothill planning areas will, in many cases, require more precise land use designations and zoning in the Land Use Element before a reasonably accurate foothill circulation program can be projected. Implementation: Within three years after adoption of revised Natural Resources and Recreation Element. 7.3 Urban Area Policies Additional transportation policies for the County's urban areas are intended to supplement countywide policies in the Chico, Oroville, Paradise, and Gridley-Biggs areas. Figures C through F designate the relative importance of the major street and highway network for each urban area to year 2000. 7.31 InterZurisdictional.,Coordination Early contact and continuing coordination helps to ensure that the responsibilities and interests of all agencies are reflected and that objectives and policies are met in the development process. Goal 7.0 Promote coordinated transportation pro grams. Objective 7.1 Gaordinate County transportation activities with all affected agencies. -79- Policies 7.1.1 Urban area transi~ortation planning boundaries shall be established an the basis of urban area land use plans, except in cases where unusual circumstances are warranted. 7.1.2 The County will conduct land use and circulation planning with the understanding that the Butte County llssaciation ~f C,avernments will integrate its transportation planning process with local land use plans. 7.3.3 The County will consider cit}F-initiated circula- tion element amendments to the County Transporta- tion Element. 7.1.4 The County ar~d its cities should develop mutual and complimentary policies regarding the timing and phasing of net~~ urban area developments, as necessary for the logical and timely development of eac~t urban area circulation nettaorl:. 7.1.5 The County will jointly coordinate circulation capital improvement programs wi tlt the respective cities. 7.32 Urban Streets and Ili ,hwa rs Urban area arterial and major collector street and Highway patterns are defined by figures C througlt P, and should be used as a basis for planning future circulation patterns and improvements. Goals and objectives for urban streets and hiaht~;ays are similar to countywide goals and objectives. Policies 8.1.1 ilrlaan street and highway traffic capacity levels sl~ould he planned to provide a level of service "C", and ~e considered to be providing acceptable service at level of service "I?" when fiscal, environmental ar site constraints are prohibi- tive. 3.1.2 Urbart area street improvement standards should conform to city street standards and circulation plans for each respective city. -80- Figure C Chico Urban Area Major Street and Highway yetwork to Year 20Q0 (see jacket) Figure D Oroville Urban Area Major Street and Highway Network to Year Z00~ (see jacket) Figure E Paradise Urban Area Major Street and Highway Network to Year 2000 (see jacket). ~i gure F Gridley-Biggs Urban Area Major Street and Fiig~iway Network to Year 20DQ (see jacket] 8.1.3 Reduced street widths will be encouraged when there are practical site planning opportunities and development cost savings involved, while not jeopardizing public safety and future capacity requirements. 8.1.4 Arterial and collector streets shall be developed so as not to~diminish the integrity and cohesive- ness of urban neighborhoods. 8.1,5 major residential developments should ensure adequate circulation by providing interconnecting 'loops and collector street patterns. Cut-de-sac and dead-end streets s~~ould be avoided on streets tz-ith more than twenty (20) units. 8.2.6 Trees located along urban streets should be preserved or replaced in the event maintenance or upgrading requires tree removal. Similar landscaping should be considered in conjunction with the develop- ment of new urban streets and parking facilities. The County should continue working towards finding new ways to finance street tree programs, including far public and private sector contribu- tians. 7,33 Public Transportation Public transportation serves two basic functions for the County's urban residents, including the provision of mobility for the transportation disadvantaged and the pravision of a transportation alternative to commuters, shoppers, and others. Goal ~9,0 Provide public transportation services that are viable transportation alternatives. Objective ~.~. Public transportation pro grams will assure the continued mobility of transportation disadvantaged persons. Policies 9.x,.1 The County shall support local public transportation services in the -R1- three largest urban areas and adenuate intercity service to the Chico, Oxoville, Paradise, Gridley- Biggs, and Palermo areas. 9.1.2 The County shall provide for coordination between social service transportation providers. 9.1.3 The County sha11 provide a level of social service transportation according to guidelines approved by tl~e Butte County Association of Governments. 9.1,4 The County shall continue to support door-to-door transportation programs for low-mobility groups according to guidelines approved by the Butte county Association of Governments. Objective 9.2 Public transportation programs will promote opportunities for shopping, employment, education, health care, and recreation, as funding and planning opportunities a11ow. Policies 9,2.1 Public transportation use shall be encouraged "through land use designations and zoning which cluster areas of employment, areas of parking, areas of commercial uses, and recreation areas, as appropriate. 9.2,2 Developers of major traffic generating land uses shall provide fixed transit facilities such as bus shelters and pullouts, according to expected demand, 7.34 Bicycle Transportation Primary emphasis for establishing bicycle routes should be in and near urban areas. Goal 10.0 Provide far a safe and convenient bicycle_transportation system which is integrated with other transportation modes. -82- Objective 10.i Provide for adequate bicycle circulation and facilities as a functional alternative to the automobile, and for recxeation, as funding and planning opportunities allow. Policies 10.1.1 The County will encourage the cities to pxepare and propose comprehensive urban area bicycle plans to the County for review and adoption, 10.1.2 Construction or expansion of alI major arterials .shall consider bicycle paths of Class II or better. _ . 10.1.3 Residential developments should incorporate internal circulation networks that encourage bicycle use and which connect to the external bicycle circulation system. Program: The County will. rnap an integrated system of suggested rural bicycle routes which focus nn serving as recreational routes around urban areas and use the map as an initial step, in conjunction with city bicycle plans, far establishing a comprehensive bicycle plan. Implementation: Near and middle term. Objective 10.2 Provide a bicycle system which can be integrated with ot~ier transportation modes. Policies 10.2.1 Bicycle parking facilities should be encouraged in apartment complexes, major commercial, pro- fessional office, industrial, and educational sites, along with good routes, which foster blCyCle use. 10.2.2 Multi-modal transportation facilities such as park-and-ride lots and bus stops, should provide adequate and secure bicycle parking facilities. - 83- 7.35 Pedestrian Circulat'i'on '~Tost facilities for pedestrians are incorporated into street design standards. The issue of pedestrian circulation also involves recreational hiking and jogging trails. Objective 11.1 Pedestrian access should be ensured throughout urban areas. Policies 11.1.1 Sidewalks, ar their reasonable alternatives, should be provided in all urban subdivisions. 11.1.2 ~Iandicapped access ~sha11 be in carparated into all sidewalks and other pedestrian facilities as required by State law. 11.1.3 Hiking and jogging corridors should be encouraged , in urban areas, as funding and planning opportunities allow . 7.36 Air Transportation Air transportation is a vital form of transportation that is important to the economic well being of the County's communities. Goal 12.0 Promote safe, effective, and efficient use of existing and future air facilities. Objective 12.1 Provide far compatible land uses in areas that may be impacted by airport operations, sa to mitigate safety and noise problems. Policies 12.1.1 The County sha11 implement measures in unin- corporated areas that pxavids for the continued safe operation of airports. -84- 12.1:2 The County will ensure that land uses in the vicinity of. public airports are compatible with respective airport land use plans. 12.1.3 Private airstrips and landing fields shall be controlled to ensure that they are outside of flight paths to and from existing airports, and that they do not provide a hazard yr annoy- ance to neighboring areas. x'•12 Program: The Airport Land Use Commission (Butte County Planning Commission) sha11 adopt and maintain airport land use plans for the Chico and Oraville airports, 7.37 Aiulti-modal Txans ortation b4ulti-modal transportation refers to the coordination of two or more transportation modes. Coordination is encouraged by develop- ing multi-modal transfer facilities, such as park-and-ride lots, combining bus steps with bicycle parking, bicycle parking with pedestrian-oriented developments, and adequate passenger waiting facilities for intercity bus and rail transport. Goal 13.0 aravide for a balanced and integrated community transportation format, Objective 13.1, Plan for transportation modes and strategies that ensure coordinated and complimentary facilities and schwdules. Policies 13.1.1 The County., will support the cities in the encour- agement of ridesharing and carpooling programs by large employers and public agencies. ].3.1.2 The Cou~ity shall encourage the provision, where feasible, of bicycle and automobile storage facilities tv be used in conjunction with public transportation. _g,- 13,1.3 ~ .~'e design and location of ;.::.,- development shall consider and incorporate rrovisions far appro- priate transportation modes. ;~~ 13.1.4 Puvlic facilities shall be located and designed to allow for convenient access and efficient transportation of all intended users. 13,1.5 The County will continue to sunpart local Amtrak passenger services. 7.38 Additional Urban Area Policies Chico Urban' Area 14.1.1 The Gounty will maintain the integrity of the Chico area "greenline" adopted in 1982. 14.1.2 The County will cooperate with the City of Chico and the Air Pollution Control District in efforts to reduce traffic related caxbon monoxide below levels which violate national ambient air quality standards in the Chico urban area, 14.1.3 The County will cooperate with the City of Chico in continued refinement of the Chico Urban Area Transpor~ tatian Study (CATS} and its traffic projections and fa recasts, The County will encourage Caltrans to study future traffic impacts on State Routes 32 and 99 as they relate to refinement of the CATS. 14.1.4 The County will support the City of Chico in efforts to retain Sacramento Northern rail service for the community. 14.1.5 The County should work with the City of Chico for a comprehensive solution to the role of Waxnex Street in northwest Ghico. Oroville Urban Area 14.1.5 The County will encourage Caltrans to reconstruct xailroad crossings on State Route 162 at an early date. 14,1.6 The County will cooperate with the City of Oroville in the preparation of a comprehensive transportation study based on projected urban area land uses, _g{~_