HomeMy WebLinkAboutE-mail rec'd from Robinette Cook re Fracking Sweeney, Kathleen
From: Bennett, Robin
Sent: Monday, February 09, 2015 9:09 AM
To, Hahn, Paul
Cc: Sweeney, Kathleen
Subject: RE: Robinette Cook FWD Packet omissions- Frackingi
Attachments: Welsh Letter Butte 8 pages.pdf; Pages 339-339 BOS Packet.pdf; Hamman to
county.sneffings.1-1 9-15.pdf
Paul and Kathleen;
Please see the attached email to 130S, from Robinette Cook, with attachments.
Thanks,
Robin Bennett,
Executive Assistant to Supervisor Doug Teeter dteeter
A&I u ILttcquniyi if e t
(53o)872-6304 Ebennett@bjLt county.ret
5th District Supervisor's Office,
County of Butte, Board of Supervisors, Chair
747EIliottRoad
Paradise, CA 95969-3939
From: robinettec nk@
C gmalixorn [ungilLtp:,,LQbinettecook@grnLilcg.M] On Behalf Of Robinette Cook
Sent: Friday, February 06, 2015 6:48 PM
To: Maureen Kirk; Larry Wahl; Bill Connelly; Teeter, Doug; BO S District 4
Subject: Packet omissions - Fracking
Dear Supervisor Friends:
The 500+page staff report for the fracking hearing omitted the January letter from Brian Hamman at
Wild Goose.
I have attached. it.
Also on page 338 of the staff report the letter our attorneys wrote is blanked out and only 2 pages of the
eight were included (the letterhead and signature block were included, the content was whited out). Somehow
the scannerat the county skipped six pages.
I have attached the original letter with 8 pages and the two page version that was in your packet.
I hope this helps in your deliberations, Look forward to seeing you.
Robin Cook
robinetteCqrobinettecook,com
530-346-3883
5 1
355 South Grand Avenue
Los Angeles,California 90071-1580
Tel:+1.213.4051234 Fax,+1.213.691.9783
www.lw.00m
FIRMAFFILIATE OFFICES
LATHAM&WATKINSLLP Abu Dhabi Milan
Barcelona Moscow
BeQing Munich
Boston New Jemsy
Brussels Now York
Chicago orange County
Doha Paris
VIA ELECTRONIC MAIL Dubai Riyadh
nOsseldcrt Rome
Frankfurt San Diego
October 22,2014 Hamburg San Francisco
Hong Kong Shanghai
Houston Silicon Valley
London Singapore
Los Angeles Tokyo
Butte County Planning Commission Madrid Washington,D,C.
7 County Center Drive
Oroville, CA 90000
Re: Proposed Ordinance to Ban Hydraulic Fracturing:Butte Countâ–ºPlanning
Commission October 23 2014 Meeting,Agenda Item No. V.A
Dear Chair Nelson and Honorable Commissioners:
We are writing on behalf of our client, Californians for Energy Independence,a statewide
coalition of energy producers, agricultural groups, business associations, local government
leaders and agencies, and taxpayer advocates, among others, formed to educate the public about
proven,safe oil extraction technologies.
We write to urge the Planning Commission Q to advance the proposed Ordinance to
Ban Hydraulic Fracturing in Butte County ("Ordinance"). The Ordinance represents bad public
policy, and adoption of the Ordinance is not permitted under state law.
Although the Ordinance is presented as a hydraulic fracturing ban (and the focus of the
Agenda Report prepared by the Department of Development Services is on hydraulic fracturing),
the Ordinance is written more broadly to prohibit well stimulation treatments, which potentially
captures a much larger range of extraction techniques. The Ordinance's definitions of the
prohibited techniques differ from those used by the state, particularly with regard to the
definition of well stimulation treatment, thereby creating uncertainty as to the specific types of
extraction techniques (e.g., water flooding, cyclic steam injection) that are covered by the
Ordinance's ban and what would still be permitted in the appropriate zones. The Ordinance
creates regulations that are inconsistent with state law and,as such, is void and unenforceable.
The proposed Ordinance is preempted by state law. The state has fully occupied the field
relating to the methods of oil and gas production, leaving no room for local regulations that are
conflicting or duplicative. As such, the County may not ban particular methods of oil and gas
production, as proposed by the Ordinance.
LA13844800
Butte County Planning Commission
October 22,2014
Page 2
LATHAM&WATKINSup
Further, consideration and adoption of the Ordinance is subject to review under the
California Environmental Quality Act ("CEQA") because the Ordinance is a discretionary
project under CEQA that could potentially result in significant environmental impacts. The
Agenda Report states that the Ordinance is exempt from CEQA but presents no evidence to
support such assertions. There has been no CEQA clearance provided for the Ordinance, and
environmental review must take place before the Ordinance may be considered for adoption by
the Board of Supervisors.
These issues are discussed in greater detail in Attachment A to this letter.
We appreciate your consideration of this letter. Please do not hesitate to contact us
should have any questions or need further information.
Very trulys,
4e o J. Mihlsten
of LATHAM&WATKINS LLP
cc, 'Tim Snellings,Director, Butte County Department of Development Services
Stacey Jolliffe, Principal Planner, Butte County Department of Development Services
Catherine Reheis-Boyd, Californians for Energy Independence
Sean Welch,Nielsen Merksamer Parrinello Gross&Leoni LLP
Attachment
LAU84480D
Bulb County Planning Commission
October 22,2014
Page 3
LATHAM&WATKINSELP
ATTACHMENT A
I. THE ORDINANCE IS PREEMPTED BY STATE LAW
The state has fully occupied the field concerning oil and gas production and extraction
activities. Therefore,there is no room for the County's proposed Ordinance.
Where local legislation conflicts with the state's general laws, the Iocal legislation is
preempted and is void and unenforceable. (See, e.g., Sherwin-Williams Co. v. City of Los
Angeles (1993) 4 CalAth 893, 897.) A conflict between local and state legislation exists where
the local legislation duplicates, contradicts, or enters into an area fully occupied by state law.
(Id. at 897-98.)
Preemption by state law may either be express or implied. Implied preemption exists
where the state has fully occupied the field that a lower body seeks to regulate. Implied
preemption can take three forms: (1)the subject chatter has been so fully and completely covered
by state law as to clearly indicate that it has become exclusively a matter of statewide concern;
(2) the subject matter has been partially covered by state law couched in terms that indicate
clearly that a paramount state concern will not tolerate further or additional local action; or (3)
the subject matter has been partially covered by state law, and the subject is of such a nature that
the adverse effect of a local ordinance on the transient citizens of the state outweighs the possible
benefit to the locality. (See, e.g.,Sherwin-Williams,supra,4 CalAth at 897-98.)
A review of the relevant and long-standing statutes and authorities makes clear that the
Ordinance is preempted by state law.
First, the Public Resources Code has long assigned the State Division of Oil, Gas and
Geothermal Resources ("DOGGR") exclusive responsibility for regulating subsurface activities.
(See, e.g., Pub. Res. Code, § 3106(a) [State Oil & Gas Supervisor has authority over "the
drilling,operation,maintenance,and abandonment of wells"].)
The legislature declared, as a policy of the state to eliminate waste by increasing the
recovery of underground hydrocarbons, that an oil and gas lessee or operator has the right to
conduct"the injection of air, gas,water, or other fluids into the productive strata, the application
of pressure heat or other means for the reduction of viscosity of the hydrocarbons,the supplying
of additional motive force, or the creating of enlarged or new channels for the underground
movement of hydrocarbons into production wells, when these methods or processes employed
have been approved by the [State Oil and Gas Supervisor]."
Subjects regulated under the Public Resources Code include well stimulation, well
bonding, abandonment of wells, orphan wells, recordkeeping, blowout prevention, well casing,
protection of water supplies, repairs, regulation of production facilities, unreasonable waste of
gas, subsidence, spacing of wells, management and development of unit operations, and
regulation of oil sumps. (See generally Pub. Res. Code, §§ 3000 — 3865.) Subjects regulated
under the California Code of Regulations include CEQA exemptions for oil and gas activities,
well testing, well plugging and abandonment, casing and cementing requirements, blowout
1A%3 800
Bata County Planning Commission
October 22,2014
Pogo 4
LATHAM&WATKiNSLLP
prevention, pipeline and tank requirements, and the maintenance and filing of well records. (See
Cal. Code Reg. §§ 1681 et seq.) Local ordinances that seek to ban or restrict well stimulation
techniques conflict with the state's express policy in the Public Resources Code.
Second, Senate Bill 4 (Stats. 2013, ch. 313) ("SB 4") expanded DOGGR's pre-existing
comprehensive regulatory program by adding more detailed requirements for well stimulation
treatment activities including hydraulic fracturing. Among other things, SB 4 defined terms
related to hydraulic fracturing, required specific studies and reports on hydraulic fracturing,
mandated additional regulations which DOGGR has already implemented on an interim basis,
further delineated regulatory authority over well stimulation treatment activities, required
specific permits to utilize hydraulic fracturing, required notice and disclosures,established water
quality monitoring requirements, imposed stiffer penalties for noncompliance, and authorized
new fees. DOGGR promulgated interim regulations pursuant to SB 4 in December 2013 that
address reporting and operational requirements for the use of hydraulic fracturing and other well
stimulation techniques in greater detail. (See Pub. Res. Code, §§ 3150-3161; see also SB 4
(Pavley, Chapter 313, Statutes 2013).) DOGGR's interim SB 4 regulations reinforced
DOGGR's regulatory authority over all "downhole" activities, demonstrating further that the
field is fully covered by the extensive state regulations. DOGGR is currently in the process of
promulgating final regulations pursuant to SB 4,which are to be adopted by January 1,2015.
Third, the state has fully occupied the field regarding "downhole" regulations of oil
extraction. The Agenda Report lists the many DOGGR regulations applicable to downhole
activities. (See Agenda Report, pp. 4-5.) The Agenda Report acknowledges that DOGGR is in
the process of finalizing regulations pursuant to SB 4, as discussed above. (Id. at p. 5.) These
statements implicitly, if not explicitly, acknowledge that DOGGR's regulations preempt local
ordinances on the subject of"downhole"activities.
Even if the County may determine the location of surface oil and gas facilities, the
County cannot regulate the "downhole" business of drilling and operating wells in zones where
those uses are permitted. As set forth above, that is wholly within DOGGR's purview. A local
government may not use its police power over zoning and land use of the surface of the land to
regulate technical, subsurface methods and means. In other words, while the County may be
able to determine where oil wells may be operated, DOGGR has the exclusive power over how
they are operated. (See Braly v. Board of Fire Commissioners (1958) 157 Cal.App.2d 608, 616
[municipal regulations on technical aspects of oil production such as the size of the property and
distance from public streets required to allow the siting of an oil well imposed an
unconstitutional taking of plaintiffs' right to drill on their own land in a jurisdiction that allowed
such drilling].) The County's proposed Ordinance would intrude onto regulatory territory
claimed in full by the state legislature.
The Ordinance includes definitions of acidizing, hydraulic fracturing, and well
stimulation treatment that would be added to Section 24-304 of the Butte County Zoning
Ordinance. While there are some similarities to the definitions of these techniques used in SB 4,
there are also significant differences,particularly with regard to the definition of well stimulation
treatment. The Ordinance's departure from the definitions in SB 4 creates regulations that are
inconsistent with and preempted by state law, and the discrepancies also create a separate legal
LAUs44800
Butte County Planning Commission
0doher 22,2D14
Page 3
LATHAM&WATKINSLLP
problem: uncertainty about what types of other extraction techniques (e.g., water flooding,
cyclic steam injection)may be covered by the Ordinance's ban and what would still be permitted
in the appropriate zones.
Specifically, while the first two sentences of the Ordinance's definition of "Well
Stimulation Treatment" largely match the well stimulation treatment definition set forth in
Section 3257 of the Public Resources Code (added by SB 4), the last sentence does not. Section
3257 explicitly states that "[w]ell stimulation treatments do not include steam flooding water
flooding, or cyclic steaming and do not include routine well cleanout work, routine well
maintenance,routine removal of formation damage due to drilling,bottom_ hole pressure surveys
or routine activities that do not affect the integrity of the well or the formation." (emphasis
added). The omission of the underlined language from the SB 4 well stimulation treatment
definition creates uncertainty about whether the Ordinance would ban steam flooding, water
flooding, and cyclic steaming.
Further, "Hydraulic fracturing"is defined in the Ordinance as:
Any well stimulation treatment that, in whole or in part, includes the
pressurized injection of hydraulic fracturing fluid or fluids, which may
include a mixture of water. chemicals,_orrsand, into an underground
geologic formation in order to fracture, or with the intent to fracture, the
formation, thereby causing or enhancing the production of oil, gas, or
other hydrocarbon substances from a well. (emphasis added)
The underlined language above indicates language that is not included in the hydraulic
fracturing definition from SB 4 set forth in Section 3152 of the Public Resources Code. Thus, in
addition to the incurable defect of being preempted by state law, the Ordinance also creates
confusion as to its applicability to other extraction techniques, particularly given the uncertainty
noted above with regard to the definition of well stimulation treatment.
The Ordinance creates regulations that are inconsistent with state law and must give way
to it. The state long ago fully occupied the field of regarding oil and gas regulations. The state
further expressed its intent to continue to occupy the field when it enacted SB 4. SB 4 directs
DOGGR to develop final regulations that are even more comprehensive than those that already
exist. DOGGR is now in the process of finalizing those regulations. Any effort by the County to
regulate activities such as hydraulic fracturing and other well stimulation treatments covered by
SB 4 is preempted.
II. THE ORDINANCE IS NOT EXEMPT FROM CEQA
The Agenda Report on the proposed Ordinance prepared by Department of Development
Services staff, dated October 23, 2014, incorrectly concludes that the Ordinance is exempt from
review under CEQA. The Agenda Report cites three provisions for this assertion: (1) CEQA
Guidelines section 15378, which defines "project" under CEQA, (2) CEQA Guidelines section
15308, which categorically exempts regulatory actions to protect the environment, and (3) the
"general rule exemption,"because "[i]t can be seen with certainty that there is no possibility the
LA\38"soo
Butte County Planning Commission
October 22,2D14
Page 8
E_ATHAM&WATKINSiLp
proposed Ordinance will have a significant effect on the environment." (See Agenda Report, P.
14.) As discussed below,the claims of exemption are not supported by the Agenda Report or by
the facts. Instead,the Ordinance is a"project"under CEQA requiring environmental review.
CEQA establishes a three-step process for public agencies to evaluate the environmental
impacts of their actions. (Tomlinson v. County of Alameda (2012) 54 CalAth 281, 285-286.)
First,the agency must determine whether the proposed action is a"project." A project is defined
as an activity "which may cause either a direct physical change in the environment, or a
reasonably foreseeable indirect physical change in the environment." (Pub.Res. Code, § 21065.)
If the discretionary action is a "project," the second step is for the public agency to determine
whether any environmental review is required. (Tomlinson, 54 CalAth at 286.) In completing
the second step, the agency must determine whether the project is exempt from CEQA review.
(See Public Resources Code, §§ 21080, subd. (b), 21084, subd. (a).) If the project is not exempt
from CEQA, the agency must determine whether an environmental impact report, negative
declaration, or mitigated negative declaration is required. (Pub. Res, Code, § 21080.1; CEQA
Guidelines, § 15060.) However, even when a project fits within a categorical exemption,
environmental review is required where there are "unusual circumstances" that create a
"reasonable possibility" that the activity will have a significant effect on the environment.
(CEQA Guidelines, § 15300.2, subd. (c).)
A. The Ordinance is a discretionary project under CEQA with potentially
significant environmental impacts
The Ordinance is a discretionary "project" subject to review under CEQA. Section
15378 of the CEQA Guidelines defines "project" to include activities directly undertaken by
public agencies, such as "enactment and amendment of zoning ordinances." The Ordinance
would amend the Butte County Zoning Ordinance to defuse a method of oil and gas extraction,
"well stimulation treatment," that would be prohibited, and would prohibit the storage and
disposal of"well stimulation byproducts"within the County. Therefore,the Ordinance is clearly
a zoning ordinance under the definition of"project"in Section 15378 of the CEQA Guidelines.
A "project" under Section 15378 must also have the "potential for resulting in either a
direct physical change in the environment, or a reasonably foreseeable indirect physical change
in the environment." The Agenda Report claims, without evidence, that the Ordinance would
have no potential for direct or indirect change to the environment. (Agenda Report, p. 14.) On
the contrary, the Ordinance could directly or indirectly result in several potential environmental
and socioeconomic impacts, which have not been considered or disclosed. It is the County's
responsibility to identify and analyze these impacts, and here the County has failed entirely to
even consider the potential occurrence of adverse impacts. These potential impacts cannot be
ignored,and must be studied and considered by the County.
The Agenda Report also claims that the "general rule exemption" applies to the
Ordinance because "it can been seen with certainty that there is no possibility the proposed
Ordinance will have a significant effect on the environment." (Agenda Report, p. 14.) As
discussed above, this is not the case, and simply stating a conclusion does not make it so. The
LM1384480D
eutm County Planning Commission
OeMber 22,4014
Page 7
LATH AM&WATKIN5u,
Ordinance is a discretionary action initiated by a public agency that has the potential to cause
several significant environmental impacts,and therefore must undergo CEQA review.
B. The Ordinance is not exempt under CEQA Guidelines section 15309
The Agenda Report also claims that the proposed Ordinance is categorically exempt
under CEQA Guidelines section 15308. Section 15308 exempts only "actions taken by
regulatory agencies, as authorized by state or local ordinance, to assure the maintenance,
restoration,enhancement, or protection of the environment where the regulatory process involves
procedures for protection of the environment." (CEQA Guidelines, § 15308.)
The Agenda Report presents no evidence that the Ordinance is necessary to protect the
environment. In fact, the Agenda Report specifically notes that "[n]o existing or proposed
`fracking' projects were identified in a review of Butte County land uses." (Agenda Report, p.
3.) In addition, the Agenda Report acknowledges that "there has not been a conditional use
permit issued for oil or gas extraction in over 25 years." (Id.) Though the Agenda Report goes
on to list purported concerns related to hydraulic fracturing, including water usage, subsidence,
water contamination,and others,the Agenda Report fails entirely to draw any link between those
alleged risks and existing or proposed land uses in Butte County.
The Agenda Report says that Section 15308 applies because the proposed Ordinance"is a
regulatory action taken by Butte County to assure the maintenance,restoration, enhancement and
protection of the environment." (Agenda Report, p. 14.) The County has no evidence for its
assertion and has not met its burden to prove that the exemption applies.
Section 15308's exemption for regulatory acts is narrow and cannot be stretched to
include the Ordinance. A municipality cannot "circumvent CEQA merely by characterizing its
ordinances as environmentally friendly and therefore exempt" under the exemption. (Save the
Plastic Bag Coalition a County of Marin (2013) 218 Cal.AppAth 209, 219-220.) Rather, a
municipality claiming that a project need not undergo CEQA review because it is a regulatory
action intended to protect the environment must first marshal substantial evidence establishing
that the project falls within the exempt category of projects. (See Davidon Homes v. City of San
Jose(1997) 54 Cal.App.4th 106, 115.)
In Dunn-Edwards Corp. v. Superior Court (1992) 9 Cal.AppAth 644 (disapproved on
other grounds by Western States Petroleum Assn. v. Superior Court (1995) 9 Cal.4th 559), for
example, the court rejected an air district's argument that regulations imposing emission
standards for volatile organic compounds contained in architectural coatings were categorically
exempt under CEQA Guidelines Sections 15307 and 15308 because the regulations were more
stringent and"cannot be said to have created an adverse change."(Id.at 657.) The court held the
agency's conclusion that the regulations would not result in a net increase in emissions was not
supported by any evidence on the record and was therefore "predicated on lack of the very
information which would be provided by an EIR." (Id. at 658.)
Here,there is no evidence,much less substantial evidence,to support a determination that
the Ordinance falls within the narrow exemption under Section 15308. The Agenda Report
LAV3a48oa
Butts County Planning Commission
octotwr22,2014
Pap
LATHAM&WATKINSLIP
merely concludes,without further explanation,that the exemption applies. This is not enough.
The County cannot simply assert,without any support,that the Ordinance is categorically
exempt from CEQA under Section 15308. (Save the Plastic Bag Coalition,218 Cal.AppAth at
219-220.) Because the County has no evidence to support its conclusion that the Ordinance is
exempt from CEQA,the County has not met its burden of establishing that the Ordinance falls
within Section 15308°s exemption for regulatory actions to protect the environment. Therefore,
the Ordinance must undergo CEQA review.
LA3844800
355 South Grand Avenue
Los Angeles.California 80071-1580
Tel:+1,21a.485.1234 Fax;+1.213.891,8743
www.lw.com
FIRM I TE
L AT H A M&W AT K l N S LLP Abu DhabiFilIA MienFiCES
Barcelona Moscow
Beijing Munich
Boston New Jersey
Brussels New York
Chicago Orange County
Doha Paris
VIA ELECTRONIC MAIL Dubai Riyadh
Dossetdort Rome
Frankfurt San Diego
October 22,2014 Hamburg San Francisco
Hang Kong Shanghai
Houston Silicon Valley
London Singapore
Los Angeles Tokyo
Butte County Planning Commission Madrid Washington,D.C.
7 County Center Drive
Oroville,CA 90000
338
L.AL3844800
eo J. Mihlsten
of LATHAM& WATKINS LLP
cc: Tim S ellings, Director,Butte County Department of Development Services
Stacey Jolliffe,Principal Planner,Butte County Department of Development Services
Catherine Rheis-Boyd, Californians for Energy independence
Sean elch,Nielsen Merksamer Parrinello Gross & L,eoni LLP
Attachment
339
LA\39 saa
AdnmhL ATTc RNEYti AT 4AW
5acVa.11ey.La.w John T.Harris
Ccrl ificd Spenalui in£slate Planning,Trust S Prolate lnw
Brian C.Hamman
HARRIS, SANFORD & HAMMAN Jackson Glick
A Professional Corporation Thomas G.Sanford
of Counsel
January 19,2015
Tim Sneliings, Director
County of Butte County
Department of Development Services
7 County Center Drive
Oroville, CA 95955
Re: Proposed Ordinance Ban on Fracking
To Mr. Snellings:
As you are aware,our client,Wild Goose Storage,LLC("Wild Goose"),has a significant interest
in the Proposed Ordinance Ban on Fracking.
The purpose of this letter is to again illustrate our concern with the proposed ordinances and to
Highlight for you and the Butte County Board of Supervisors (`:supervisors") as to the importance of
Wild Goose's operations within the county,the effect of regulatory control pursuant to the California
Public Utilities Commission ("CPUC"), and the potential impact of the proposed local ordinance here
in the county.
Recently,the Butte County Planning Commission reviewed the two new proposals and after
discussion was unable to make any recommendation to the supervisors. We applaud the efforts ofthe
planning commission and staff along with their queries into the impacts of the proposals. This is an
important issue for the county and everyone's efforts are commendable. It is my understanding that the
fracking issue will once again be presented to the supervisors for discussion,and thus,the reason for my
letter.
FACTUAL REVIEW
First,it is beneficial to review some of the existing facts surrounding my client's operations. In
operation since 1997, Wild Goose currently maintains 17 wells directly related to the storage of natural
gas in its reservoir,4 wells for monitoring, and 1 injection well. As I have stated many times,the term
"fracking" is not an activity conducted at Wild Goose as it would actually have a detrimental effect on
Wild Goose's operations. Simply put, Wild Goose's reservoir is a water displacement reservoir where
P.O. BOX 908 . 660 onto STREET a GRIDLEY, CALIFORNIA 95948
PHONE (530) 846-5691 . FAX (530) 846-5738 1 EMAIL INFOOS.ACVALLEYLAW.COM = WWW.SACVALLEYLAW.COM
Tint Snellings
Dept. Of Development Services
January 19, 2015
Page 2
the natural gas is essentially sealed in the reservoir and only transported to and from Wild Goose's
customers through the use of its highly maintained wells. Actual"fracking"would only possibly reduce
the effectiveness of the reservoir field for this reason.
Wild Goose stores natural gas in depleted natural gas reservoirs that are a part of the earth's
geology and have existed for eons. It doesn't store "fracking fluids"nor does it perform any fracking
as a result of their operations. Further, in the general area of Wild Goose the base of the fresh water
table is approximately 1,000 feet below the surface. However,the geological formation where we re-
inject the produced salt water is 3,000 feet below the surface and as a result there is at least 2,000 feet
of separation from the base of fresh water and the zone where the produced water is being re-injected.
The only water that Wild Goose pumps out in a very limited quantity is salt water and as
regulations require,Wild Goose contains this salt water,removes any gas particulates from it and returns
it through the water injection well to the same depth zone from which it came.
These operations are all closely monitored and maintained on a regular basis,includi ng oversi ght
by the CPUC.
On one previous occasion, Wild Goose had found it necessary to clean out its water injection
well in order to return this salt water due to scale build up. This was a necessary endeavor with a small
amount of diluted chemical fluids used to clean out the scale and again,this is done far below any flesh
water table. It is possible that this sante process may be necessary again in the future as scale deposits
and build up in the well over time.
Wild Goose's operations also serve and have aided PG&E when there has been a problem with
the latter's operations. Wild Goose was,and is able,to offload natural gas from PG&E's lines in order
to prevent catastrophic events. As an example,during the December 2013 cold snap, Wild Goose was
providing nearly 20%of PG&E's gas supply for the State on the coldest days. The loss of Wild Goose
could actually increase the risk to the public by not being there to serve as a"safety valve".
Wild Goose has always maintained a very efficient and successful business in Butte County. Not
only does it provide many j obs for the full and part-time employees,but there are all sorts of independent
contractors,consultants,etc.that spend a great deal of time and money in the area while performing their
tasks and staying in local hotels,eating at local restaurants,and other normal recreational events. Wild
Goose is also one of the largest,if not the largest,property tax payers in the county. To potentially lose
there business in Butte County would be extremely devastating.
While Wild Goose appreciates that county staff has indicated that in the drafting of the proposed
ordinances the intention was always to exclude Wild Goose's operations, it is the perspective of Wild
Goose that the language is such that it could be open to interpretation in the fixture and that could
Tim Snellings
Dept. Of Development Services
January 19, 2015
Page a
potentially be devastating to Wild Goose operations. However,as discussed below,this concern can be
easily remedied by employing the same structure as similar state legislation.
STATE AND FEDERAL LAW
As mentioned in previous correspondence and at the related public meetings, despite what are
surely good intentions on the county's behalf,this area of law is already very specifically covered in state
and federal law.
The United States' Pipeline Safety Act (`'PSA") (49 USC 60101 etseq.) contains an express
preemption provision (49 USC 60104(c)) which renders the provisions of the California Health and
Safety Code charged herein as "without effect." The Court in Southern California Gas Co. vs
Occupational Safety and Health Appeals Bd. (1997)58 Cal App4th 200,203 ruled that the Natural Gas
Pipeline Safety Act, the predecessor to the PSA, applies to "both intrastate and interstate pipelines."
A state may only have a role in the regulation or oversight of intrastate natural gas pipelines if
one of its agencies annually is certified under 49 USC 60105 by the federal Pipeline and Hazardous
Materials Safety Administration("PHMSA") of the U.S. Department of Transportation("DOT"). In
relevant part,Section 60104(c),which is entitled"Preemption,"provides that a"State authority that has
submitted a current certification under section 60105(a) of this title may adopt additional or more
stringent safety standards for intrastate pipeline facilities and intrastate pipeline transportation only if
those standards are compatible with the minimum standards prescribed under this chapter."In California
"the" only certified enforcement agency has been and remains the CPUC.
As referenced many times,Wild Goose's operations are closely monitored and controlled under
the oversight of the CPUC and the California Department of Conservation's Division of Oil, Gas &
Geothermal Resources("DOGGR").
EXISTING REGULATIONS ARE FURTHER SUPPORTED BY THE PASSING OF SB-4
The recent passing of SB-4,which will be in effect July 1,2015,provides a clear differentiation
between projects such as Wild Goose's and projects which involve(racking. Gas storage projects(like
Wild Goose) are specifically exempted from well stimulation treatment classification requirements as
they are deemed to be "underground injection projects". The definition of an underground injection
project identified in SB-4 and specifically referenced as California Code of Regulations Title 14 Section
1761(a)(2)is as follows:
"(2) `Underground injection project' or `subsurface injection or
disposal project' means sustained or continual injection into one or
more wells over an extended period in order to add fluid to a zone for
the purpose of enhanced oil recovery,disposal,or storage. Examples
Tim Snellings
Dept. Of Development Services
January 19, 2015
Page 4
of underground injection projects include waterflood injection,
steamflood injection, cyclic steam injection, injection disposal, and
as storage pro'ects."emphasis supplied."
The real problem with the two proposed ordinances is that their language appears to bypass the
recognition of gas storage projects as underground injection projects and simply merge such a project
with that of a fracking operation. This is in direct contravention of SB-4.
The relevant laws for well stimulation treatments and well injection projects are operated tinder
completely different requirements and this distinction is laid out in S13-4 and specifically referenced as
California Code of Regulations Title 14 Section 1780(b):
"(b) Well stimulation treatments are not subsurface injection or
disposal projects and are not subject to Sections 1724.6 through
1724.10 or Sections 1748 through 1748.3.This article does not apply
to underground injection projects. If well stimulation treatment is
done on a well that is part of an underground injection project,then
regulations regarding well stimulation treatment apply to the well
stimulation treatment and regulations regarding underground
injection projects apply to the underground injection project
operations."
As noted above, gas storage projects are regulated under California Code of Regulations Title
14 Sections 1724.6 through 1724.10, 1748 and 1748.3.
It should also be noted that not only are there existing regulations in place regarding gas storage
facilities as noted above under California Code of Regulations, but emergency interim regulations are
currently in effect until SB-4 takes effect later this year. These interim regulations involve water quality
monitoring and testing,and public transparency in addition to the fracking,stimulation and acidization
concerns. Moreover,there are no known fracking permits on file with the county for any new ventures
from anyone. So with nothing in the "pipeline" in Butte County with regard to fracking, and the
incoming regulations as provided in SB-4,there is no reason to rush to pass either of these ordinances.
In closing, the proposed language could be interpreted in a manner that is too broad and
overreaching. As the Proposed Ordinances are currently written there is a risk that it could seriously
impair Wild Goose's operations.
Tim Snellings
Dept. Of Development Services
January 19,2015
Page 5
With all the protections in place, Wild Goose respectfully requests the following:
1) Denial of both of the Proposed Ordinances as currently written;
2) Or should the Board still feel it necessary to pass an anti-fiacking ordinance, clearly
provide a specific exemption to underground exemption projects similar to that in SB-4.
Thank you for all of your time and efforts concerning this important matter.
Very truly yours,
HARRIS SANFORD & HAMMAN
rhanHamman