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United States Department of the Interior
FISH AND WILDLIFE SERVICE
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3 Sacramento Fish and Wildlife Office
2800 Cottage Way,Room W-2605
Sacramento,California 95825-1846
In Reply Refer To:
FEB 8 2010
Ms. Kimberly D. Bose, Secretary 130ARD OF SUPERVISORS
Federal Energy Regulatory Commission
888 First Street,NE F22 Z 2 20s0
Washington, D.C. 20426
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Subject: U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service Comments on November 2009 Draft Habitat
Expansion Plan for the Habitat Expansion Agreement for Central Valley Spring-
Run Chinook Salmon and California Central Valley Steelhead, FERC #2100,
Feather River Hydroelectric Project
Dear Secretary Bose:
Attached are the Fish and Wildlife Service's comments on the November 2009 Draft Habitat
Expansion Plan for the Habitat Expansion Agreement for Central Valley Spring-Run Chinook
Salmon and California Central Valley Steelhead.
If you have any questions regarding our comments, please contact Deborah Giglio-Willoughby
at (916)414-6600 or Alison Willy at(916)414-6534.
Sincerely,
I
kKathleenrT11 Wood
J Assistant Field Supervisor
Attachments
cc:
FERC Service List
Proof of Service
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United States Department of the Interior
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2800 Cottage Way,Room W-2605
Sacramento,California 95825-1846
In Reply Refer To:
FEB 18 2010
Director Hydro Licensing, Power Generation
Pacific Gas and Electric Company
P.O. Box 770000
San Francisco, California 94177
Chief, Division of Environmental Generation
Department of Water Resources
P.O. Box 942836
Sacramento, California 94236
Subject: Comments on November 2009 Draft Habitat Expansion Plan for the Habitat
Expansion Agreement for Central Valley Spring-Run Chinook Salmon and
California Central Valley Steelhead
Dear Licensees:
Thank you for the opportunity to comment on the November 2009 Draft Habitat Expansion Plan
(DHEP) for the Habitat Expansion Agreement far Central Valley Spring-pun Chinook Salmon
and California Central Valley Steelhead(HEA). The U. S. Fish and Wildlife (Service)
appreciates the work of the Licensees in identifying projects that may be of benefit to salmonids.
As described in the HEA, through this draft plan and consultation with Parties and with directly
affected and responsive third parties,the Licensees are to complete identification, evaluation and
recommendation of habitat expansion actions, in accordance with evaluation and selection
criteria set out in the HEA(Section 4.1 of the HEA). The ultimate goal of the HEA, and thus of
the eventual Habitat Expansion Plan, is to expand the amount of habitat with physical
characteristics necessary to support spawning,rearing and adult holding of spring-run Chinook
salmon(spring-run Chinook) and Central Valley steelhead in the Sacramento River Basin as a
contribution to the conservation and recovery of these species (Section 2.1 of HEA).
Ultimately,the specific goal of the HEA is to expand spawning, rearing and adult holding habitat
sufficiently to accommodate an estimated net increase of 2,000 to 3,000 spring-run Chinook for
spawning (Section 2.2 of HEA). The Service has reviewed the DHEP with these considerations
in view.
The Service's primary concern with the DHEP is that, as presently constituted, it does not present
recommendations that will achieve the goals set out in the HEA. Although we are on record for
supporting many of the individual projects identified in the DHEP,we continue to have
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concerns regarding the approach used to select the recommended alternatives in the DHEP and in
the accounting used to estimate Habitat Expansion Threshold(HET) contributions.
The DHEP identifies two sets of recommended actions to meet the goals,terms and conditions of
the HEA: (1)the Lower Yuba River habitat expansion actions (Lower Yuba River actions) and
(2)the Battle Creek, Big Chico Creek, and Antelope Creek habitat expansion actions (Three-
Creek actions). After careful review of the DHEP, the Service believes that neither of these
recommended actions, if implemented as described in the DHEP, are likely to achieve the HEA
goal of expanding the amount of spawning,rearing and adult holding habitat for spring-run
Chinook and steelhead in the Sacramento River Basin. Nor would the actions establish an
independent run of spring-run Chinook or support the spring-run Chinook numbers identified
for each set of actions.
General comments. In our July 15, 2009, comment letter,we expressed concern that habitat
expansion projects appeared to be disproportionately linked with the designation of"deal killer"
in the June 10, 2009, Habitat Expansion Agreement: Working Definitions of Evaluation,
Selection, and Approval Criteria (Working Definitions). We were also concerned that habitat
expansion projects disproportionately fell out of the timing window of the Working Definitions
and were designated as having a long "time to implement." We are concerned that the
Licensees have prematurely eliminated habitat expansion projects from consideration, due to an
inaccurate perception that such projects will take longer to implement than habitat enhancement
projects. We continue to believe that some projects, such as those involving fish passage above
rim dams, were eliminated from consideration too early in the development of the DHEP and
deserve a more detailed examination of their benefits and limiting factors. We urge the
Licensees to more thoroughly consider habitat expansion projects, such as fish passage on the
Yuba River, in order to meet the spirit and intent of the HEA.
The Service supports both restoring spawning habitat targeting spring-run Chinook salmon in the
Englebright Dam reach and restoring juvenile rearing habitat in the lower Yuba River. However,
the likelihood that these actions will lead to a geographically separate, self-sustaining population
of spring-run Chinook salmon is uncertain in part because of the lack of clear temporal and spatial
separation between spring- and fall-run Chinook salmon. Hence, these actions do not appear to
meet the National Marine Fisheries Service's (NMFS) approval criteria for the Habitat Expansion
Plan as described in section 4.2.3 of the HEA.
Lower Yuba River Actions. The Lower Yuba River actions are comprised of riverbed work
between Englebright and Daguerre Point Dams, an optional segregation weir, and restoration of
juvenile rearing habitat between Highway 20 Bridge and the downstream extent of the Yuba
Goldfields. These three actions all have merits,but their combined contribution to spring-run
Chinook numbers appears to be overstated in the DHEP.
The primary example of overstated benefits is the riverbed work between Englebright and
Daguerre Point Dams. Daguerre Point Dam is a known impediment to spring-run Chinook and
steelhead, causing significant delays in migration, and perhaps increased overlap in spawning
with fall-run Chinook salmon. Increasing spawning habitat is an important consideration in
conserving all Chinook salmon;however, increasing spawning habitat without a commensurate
increase in fish passage may not be expected to attain the numbers put forward in the DHEP.
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If additional adult spring-run Chinook are not able to access the habitat, then the enhanced
habitat should not be considered expansion under the HEA. The HEA was careful not to burden
the Licensees with responsibility for fluctuating salmonid populations;however, the proposed
changes in the physical characteristics of the river should not be considered as adequate
mitigation for blockage of fish passage, if blockage of fish passage continues to be an overriding
consideration in habitat availability.
In addition, the Army Corps of Engineers (ALOE)has an existing regulatory requirement for
long-term gravel augmentation in this reach. The increases in spawning habitat expected to
occur as a result of ACOE actions appear to be counted toward the HET. A very clear
accounting must be done to assure that there is no overlap between obligations of the ACOE and
incremental contributions of the DHEP actions.
Three-Creek Actions. Actions identified in other venues are acceptable under the HEA,
provided that their implementation results in a net expansion of habitat over any Existing
Requirements and Commitments. It appears that the Licensees are counting habitat contributions
made by other parties in the Three-Creek action area toward the estimated contribution of the
DHEP actions to the HET. This is not consistent with Section 3.1 of the HEA. The Service
bases this conclusion on the fact that the entire Battle Creek restoration, including both Phase 1
and Phase 2, is estimated to support approximately 2,500 spring-run Chinook(U.S. Bureau of
Reclamation et al. 2004), but the DHEP contribution to Battle Creek Restoration will be toward
Phase 2 only, and the maximum contribution from the HEA will be $16.9 million(36 percent of
the Phase 2 total).
The DHEP overstates the potential habitat expansion of the Three-Creek Actions. By our
calculations, the Three-Creek Actions would support an additional 1,042 adult spring-run
Chinook',rather than the 2,250 identified in the DHEP. The discrepancy in the numbers may be
irrelevant in the final discussion, because it appears that parts of the Three-Creek actions overlap
with regulatory requirements placed upon other agencies.
It also appears that Existing Requirements and Commitments from the NMFS' final OCAP
biological opinion on long-term operations of the Central Valley Project and State Water Project
(NMFS 2009) are being combined with mitigation needs under the HEA. Specifically, the
Battle Creek Habitat Expansion Actions proposed in the DHEP are part of the reasonable and
prudent alternative of NMFS' final OCAP biological opinion. These actions fall under the
Existing Requirements and Commitments restriction in section 3.1 of the HEA.
Section 6.2.3 (Limiting Factors). Two of the limiting factors identified in this section(4 e., lack
of temporal or spatial segregation of spawning spring-run and fall-run fish, and straying of
hatchery fish) are potentially serious enough to render the contribution of the Lower Yuba River
actions to the HET for spring-run Chinook salmon as smaller than estimated, or as not
1 The Battle Creek Phase 2 funding contribution would contribute to habitat for an additional 387 adult spring-run
Chinook. The Antelope Creek Habitat Expansion Action at Paynes Crossing would support an additional 224 adult
spring-run Chinook. The Big Chico Creek Habitat Expansion Action at Iron Canyon would support an additional
431 spring-run Chinook.
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measureable. These limiting factors deserve further discussion, and, in particular,justification
explaining why the Lower Yuba River actions should proceed in the face of these limiting
factors.
Section 6.4 (Spawning Habitat Rehabilitation). Both the Sinoro Bar Shotrock Removal
project and Deer Creek Gravel Augmentation project will require the cooperation of landowners
and continual post-project maintenance by other parties (as was noted). Although these are not
limiting factors per se,the feasibility of implementing these projects hinges greatly on reaching
appropriate agreements with complex entities. Multiple landowners will be impacted by project
access, including the ACOE, for which budget constraints and priorities may impact the schedule
of meeting the statutory requirements of the NMFS biological opinion on the operation of
Daguerre Point Dam and Englebright Dam(Section 6.4.6). The DHEP should map out a more
detailed strategy to provide some assurance that these agreements can be attained.
Section 6.6 (Juvenile Rearing Habitat Restoration). In addition to a pilot restoration project,
the Service's Anadromous Fish Restoration Program(AFRP)has funded a pre-project
assessment that is addressing geomorphic,hydrologic,hydraulic and riparian conditions at
different sites. The results of this study are expected to be available in April 2010 (Gary Reedy,
SYRCL, personal communication). Recent preliminary results have indicated (1)the Yuba
River is so dynamic that single-event substrate restoration actions should not be viewed as
permanent(and certainly not maintenance-free), and (2)there are some places with appropriate
soil conditions and summer water levels where riparian plantings of cottonwoods would be
valuable and have a high likelihood of success. These are scientifically valid points and they
differ from what is presented in this section of the DHEP.
It would be optimal to have restoration actions last 10 to 15 years, at the very minimum. The
Service is concerned that the Lower Yuba River actions may be short-lived (even returning to
baseline within a year of implementation), if not maintained properly. Hopefully,juvenile habitat
restoration will have some lasting value with maintenance,through contribution to instream
woody material and new establishment of cottonwoods over the long term. A cost/benefit
analysis is the key to determining whether it is acceptable to fund restoration projects that may
have limited longevity. The issue of action longevity should be discussed in this section.
Conclusion. Although substantial progress has been made in preparing a foundation for
decision-making, the Service finds the decision-making process of the DHEP to need further
work. As outlined above, the DHEP is not consistent with the HEA, because it is not likely to
contribute to a new population of spring-run Chinook, overestimates contribution to the HET,
appears to overlap with the regulatory requirements and obligations of other parties, and does not
give adequate consideration to in-kind mitigation. We recommend that increased fish passage on
the Yuba River be re-examined and that a clear and thorough accounting of potential HET
contributions be done on any recommended actions that are shared with other parties. We also
recommend that the decision-making process be modified to address the concerns enumerated in
this letter.
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If you have any questions regarding our comments,please contact Alison Willy at
(916)414-6534. We look forward to continued involvement in this important process.
Sincerely,
G�
M. Kathleen Wood
Assistant Field Supervisor
Attachment
cc:
FERC Washington, DC
Liv Imset, HEA Steering Committee
Heidi Rooks, HEA Steering Committee
Paul Kubicek, HEA Steering Committee
Chris Wilkinson, HEA Steering Committee
Brenda Olson, Red Bluff Fish and Wildlife Office
Tricia Parker, Red Bluff Fish and Wildlife Office
Elizabeth Campbell, Stockton Fish and Wildlife Office
Ramon Martin, Stockton Fish and Wildlife Office
Mary Lisa Lynch, DFG
Tracy McReynolds, DFG
Larry Thompson,NOAA
Richard Wantuck,NOAA
Teresa Connor, DWR
Melanie McFarland, USFS
BEFORE THE
UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
FEDERAL ENERGY REGULATORY COMMISSION
CERTIFICATE OF SERVICE
I hereby certify that Comments on November 2009,Draft Habitat Expansion Plan for the
Habitat Expansion Agreement for Central Valley Spring-Run Chinook Salmon and
California Central Valley Steelhead has this day been electronically filed with the Federal
Energy Regulatory Commission and served via deposit in U.S. mail, first-class postage
paid, upon each other person designated on the service list for Project##2100, Feather
River Hydroelectric Project compiled by the Commission Secretary.
Dated at Sacramento, California.,this 18th of February, 2010.
Heeja Seto
Office Assistant
US Fish and Wildlife Service
2800 Cottage Way, Rm.W-2605
Sacramento, CA 95825
{916}414-6600