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HomeMy WebLinkAboutUnusual Circumstances Narrative 20210311 Withdrawn 21 W. Fourth Street Eureka, CA 95501 707 443-5054 776 S. State Street, Suite 103 Ukiah, CA 95482 707 462-0222 3490 Regional Parkway, Suite A Santa Rosa, CA 95403 707 525-1222 932 B W. Eighth Avenue Chico, CA 95926 530 801-6170 Toll Free 800 515-5054 lacoassociates.com UNUSUAL CIRCUMSTANCES NARRATIVE Tuscan Ridge Planned Development Date: March 11, 2021 Project No.: 9799.02 Prepared For: Tuscan Ridge Associates, LLC Attachment A: NRCS Soil Resource Report 1.0 PROJECT OVERVIEW Tuscan Ridge Associates, LLC (Applicant) is proposing an approximately 98-acre Planned Development on the approximately 163-acre (Note: County records indicate 172 acres; however, a recent boundary survey yielded 163 acres) property located on the southeast side of Skyway between Chico and Paradise, California and identified by Assessor’s Parcel Numbers (APNs) 040-520-104 through -107 and -11 and portions of 040- 520-108 and -110 (Site), to facilitate the construction of 165 residential units, commercial development, recreation areas, open space, and golf-related facilities (Project). It should be noted that the 163-acre property additionally includes the parcel identified by APN 040-520-109; however, no development is currently proposed on that parcel at this time. The Site currently has a land use designation of Planned Unit Development (PUD) per the Butte County General Plan 2030 (adopted 2010, amended 2012) and a zoning designation of Planned Development (PD) per the Butte County Zoning Code (Zoning Code). The Site is surrounded primarily by large undeveloped parcels to the east, south, and west, with Skyway running the entire length of the northwest Site boundary. Paradise Rod & Gun Club is located northeast of the Site. The undeveloped parcels surrounding the Site to the south, southwest, and southeast have a Butte County land use designation of Agricultural (AG) per the Butte County General Plan 2030, and a zoning designation of Agriculture (AG) per the Zoning Code. 2.0 REGULATORY SETTING AND REQUEST Pursuant to the Agricultural Buffer Ordinance, Division 7 (Agricultural Buffers), Sections 24-81 through 24-84 of the Zoning Code (adopted 2013, amended 2016), proposed residential structures are required to be set back 300 feet from any property line that abuts Agriculture zones. As shown on the Conceptual Site Layout, dated February 24, 2021, single family housing is proposed within the 300-foot Agricultural Buffer Setback from adjacent parcels zoned Agriculture. Section 24-83 of the Zoning Code provides that the setback distance of 300 feet may be adjusted based upon the Agricultural Buffer Guidelines adopted by the Board of Supervisors UNUSUAL CIRCUMSTNACES NARRATIVE Tuscan Ridge Planned Development Project No. 9799.02; March 11, 2021 Page 2 of 3 on December 16, 2008 or an Unusual Circumstances Review pursuant to Section 24-84 (Exceptions to agricultural buffer setback) of the Zoning Code. This narrative has been written to support a request for an Unusual Circumstance Review, pursuant to Section 24-84 of the Zoning Code. Additionally, it should be noted that the Applicant acknowledges the Butte County Right-to-Farm Ordinance, Chapter 35 (Protection of Agricultural Land) of the Zoning Code, which requires that residents or users of property near agricultural operations be prepared to accept inconvenience or discomfort arising from that operation as a normal and necessary aspect of agricultural operations in Butte County. The proposed development would accept any such inconveniences, should they occur, and promote a good-neighbor policy that would protect a properly conducted agricultural operation. 3.0 UNUSUAL CIRCUMSTANCES 3.1 Limitations on Potential Agricultural Uses of Adjacent Lands The 300-foot Agricultural Buffer Setback should not be applicable (unnecessary) due to various factors on the Site and adjacent lands zoned Agriculture (AG). Potential agricultural uses on the adjacent lands would be limited to generally non-intensive agricultural uses due to existing site constraints including but not limited to topography, location, and absence of arable soil. The Site and adjacent lands are located atop a ridge, between Skyway and steep canyons draining the region surrounding Paradise. Agricultural uses requiring significant infrastructure and maintenance, such as crop cultivation, processing, or intensive animal operations would most likely be infeasible as the potentially usable area of the lands is limited by the topographic constraints. The lack of existing infrastructure, including water sources, fences, access roads and other appurtenant facilities on the adjacent lands would most likely be prohibitively expensive to install and maintain, as the adjacent lands are surrounded by equally undeveloped and vacant lands and access to the adjacent lands via Skyway is limited. Additionally, according to the National Resource Conservation Service (NRCS) Soil Survey (see Attachment A), soils at the Site and adjacent lands are largely Doemill-Jokerst or Doemill-Jokerst-Ultic Haploxeralfs, thermic complex, which are poorly drained soils found on volcanic foothills. These soils are considered neither wooded nor farmable under natural conditions and major uses include livestock grazing, homesite development, wildlife habitat, and watershed.1 The surface area of these lands may additionally be covered with cobbles, stones, or boulder, further confirming the lack of arable soil. Open grazing, which may be possible on the adjacent lands, would not be anticipated to present the same incompatibilities with a high level of impact on the proposed large lot rural residential homes as would be expected from other, higher intensity agricultural uses. Additionally, the same existing constraints that would limit intensive agricultural operations on the adjacent lands would inherently protect the adjacent lands from conversion to residential uses, which is a key goal of the Agricultural Buffer Ordinance. 3.2 Site Development Constraints Existing constraints on the Site, including development restrictions, natural features, and utility easements would further limit the potential developable area. As noted above, Skyway, a Butte County-designated Scenic Highway (pursuant to Figure COS-9 of the Butte County General Plan), spans the entire length of the northwest Site boundary. Pursuant to Section 24-42 (Scenic highway overlay zone) of the Zoning Code, a 350- foot Scenic Highway (-SH) overlay zone extends outward from the edges of the Skyway right-of-way. 1 https://www.nrcs.usda.gov/Internet/FSE_MANUSCRIPTS/california/CA612/0/Butte_CA.pdf UNUSUAL CIRCUMSTNACES NARRATIVE Tuscan Ridge Planned Development Project No. 9799.02; March 11, 2021 Page 3 of 3 Development within the –SH overlay zone is intended to feature high quality architectural design, preserve views from the highway, and maintain existing topographic features. While residential development is not prohibited within the –SH overlay zone, potential allowable development would be limited in order to maintain the existing views. A steep ravine at the northwest edge of the proposed development, partially within the –SH overlay zone, would additionally limit the development potential of the northwest portion of the Site adjacent to Skyway. In addition, development of the Site would be further constrained by the existing roadway and public utility easements dividing the Site. UNUSUAL CIRCUMSTNACES NARRATIVE Tuscan Ridge Planned Development Project No. 9799.02; March 11, 2021 ATTACHMENT A NRCS Soil Resource Report United States Department of Agriculture A product of the National Cooperative Soil Survey, a joint effort of the United States Department of Agriculture and other Federal agencies, State agencies including the Agricultural Experiment Stations, and local participants Custom Soil Resource Report for Butte Area, California, Parts of Butte and Plumas Counties Tuscan Ridge & Adjacent Lands Natural Resources Conservation Service February 24, 2021 Preface Soil surveys contain information that affects land use planning in survey areas. They highlight soil limitations that affect various land uses and provide information about the properties of the soils in the survey areas. Soil surveys are designed for many different users, including farmers, ranchers, foresters, agronomists, urban planners, community officials, engineers, developers, builders, and home buyers. Also, conservationists, teachers, students, and specialists in recreation, waste disposal, and pollution control can use the surveys to help them understand, protect, or enhance the environment. Various land use regulations of Federal, State, and local governments may impose special restrictions on land use or land treatment. Soil surveys identify soil properties that are used in making various land use or land treatment decisions. The information is intended to help the land users identify and reduce the effects of soil limitations on various land uses. The landowner or user is responsible for identifying and complying with existing laws and regulations. Although soil survey information can be used for general farm, local, and wider area planning, onsite investigation is needed to supplement this information in some cases. Examples include soil quality assessments (http://www.nrcs.usda.gov/wps/ portal/nrcs/main/soils/health/) and certain conservation and engineering applications. For more detailed information, contact your local USDA Service Center (https://offices.sc.egov.usda.gov/locator/app?agency=nrcs) or your NRCS State Soil Scientist (http://www.nrcs.usda.gov/wps/portal/nrcs/detail/soils/contactus/? cid=nrcs142p2_053951). Great differences in soil properties can occur within short distances. Some soils are seasonally wet or subject to flooding. Some are too unstable to be used as a foundation for buildings or roads. Clayey or wet soils are poorly suited to use as septic tank absorption fields. A high water table makes a soil poorly suited to basements or underground installations. The National Cooperative Soil Survey is a joint effort of the United States Department of Agriculture and other Federal agencies, State agencies including the Agricultural Experiment Stations, and local agencies. The Natural Resources Conservation Service (NRCS) has leadership for the Federal part of the National Cooperative Soil Survey. Information about soils is updated periodically. Updated information is available through the NRCS Web Soil Survey, the site for official soil survey information. The U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) prohibits discrimination in all its programs and activities on the basis of race, color, national origin, age, disability, and where applicable, sex, marital status, familial status, parental status, religion, sexual orientation, genetic information, political beliefs, reprisal, or because all or a part of an individual's income is derived from any public assistance program. (Not all prohibited bases apply to all programs.) Persons with disabilities who require 2 alternative means for communication of program information (Braille, large print, audiotape, etc.) should contact USDA's TARGET Center at (202) 720-2600 (voice and TDD). To file a complaint of discrimination, write to USDA, Director, Office of Civil Rights, 1400 Independence Avenue, S.W., Washington, D.C. 20250-9410 or call (800) 795-3272 (voice) or (202) 720-6382 (TDD). USDA is an equal opportunity provider and employer. 3 Contents Preface....................................................................................................................2 How Soil Surveys Are Made..................................................................................5 Soil Map..................................................................................................................8 Soil Map................................................................................................................9 Legend................................................................................................................10 Map Unit Legend................................................................................................11 Map Unit Descriptions.........................................................................................11 Butte Area, California, Parts of Butte and Plumas Counties...........................13 615—Doemill-Jokerst , 3 to 8 percent slopes..............................................13 616—Jokerst-Doemill-Typic Haploxeralfs , 8 to 15 percent slopes.............15 620—Doemill-Jokerst-Ultic Haploxeralfs, thermic complex, 3 to 8 percent slopes.......................................................................................17 621—Doemill-Jokerst-Ultic Haploxeralfs, thermic complex, 8 to 15 percent slopes.......................................................................................20 622—Xerorthents, shallow-Typic Haploxeralfs-Rock outrcrop, cliffs complex, 15 to 30 percent slopes.........................................................22 623—Xerorthents, shallow-Typic Haploxeralfs-Rock outcrop, cliffs complex, 30 to 50 percent slopes.........................................................25 References............................................................................................................28 4 How Soil Surveys Are Made Soil surveys are made to provide information about the soils and miscellaneous areas in a specific area. They include a description of the soils and miscellaneous areas and their location on the landscape and tables that show soil properties and limitations affecting various uses. Soil scientists observed the steepness, length, and shape of the slopes; the general pattern of drainage; the kinds of crops and native plants; and the kinds of bedrock. They observed and described many soil profiles. A soil profile is the sequence of natural layers, or horizons, in a soil. The profile extends from the surface down into the unconsolidated material in which the soil formed or from the surface down to bedrock. The unconsolidated material is devoid of roots and other living organisms and has not been changed by other biological activity. Currently, soils are mapped according to the boundaries of major land resource areas (MLRAs). MLRAs are geographically associated land resource units that share common characteristics related to physiography, geology, climate, water resources, soils, biological resources, and land uses (USDA, 2006). Soil survey areas typically consist of parts of one or more MLRA. The soils and miscellaneous areas in a survey area occur in an orderly pattern that is related to the geology, landforms, relief, climate, and natural vegetation of the area. Each kind of soil and miscellaneous area is associated with a particular kind of landform or with a segment of the landform. By observing the soils and miscellaneous areas in the survey area and relating their position to specific segments of the landform, a soil scientist develops a concept, or model, of how they were formed. Thus, during mapping, this model enables the soil scientist to predict with a considerable degree of accuracy the kind of soil or miscellaneous area at a specific location on the landscape. Commonly, individual soils on the landscape merge into one another as their characteristics gradually change. To construct an accurate soil map, however, soil scientists must determine the boundaries between the soils. They can observe only a limited number of soil profiles. Nevertheless, these observations, supplemented by an understanding of the soil-vegetation-landscape relationship, are sufficient to verify predictions of the kinds of soil in an area and to determine the boundaries. Soil scientists recorded the characteristics of the soil profiles that they studied. They noted soil color, texture, size and shape of soil aggregates, kind and amount of rock fragments, distribution of plant roots, reaction, and other features that enable them to identify soils. After describing the soils in the survey area and determining their properties, the soil scientists assigned the soils to taxonomic classes (units). Taxonomic classes are concepts. Each taxonomic class has a set of soil characteristics with precisely defined limits. The classes are used as a basis for comparison to classify soils systematically. Soil taxonomy, the system of taxonomic classification used in the United States, is based mainly on the kind and character of soil properties and the arrangement of horizons within the profile. After the soil 5 scientists classified and named the soils in the survey area, they compared the individual soils with similar soils in the same taxonomic class in other areas so that they could confirm data and assemble additional data based on experience and research. The objective of soil mapping is not to delineate pure map unit components; the objective is to separate the landscape into landforms or landform segments that have similar use and management requirements. Each map unit is defined by a unique combination of soil components and/or miscellaneous areas in predictable proportions. Some components may be highly contrasting to the other components of the map unit. The presence of minor components in a map unit in no way diminishes the usefulness or accuracy of the data. The delineation of such landforms and landform segments on the map provides sufficient information for the development of resource plans. If intensive use of small areas is planned, onsite investigation is needed to define and locate the soils and miscellaneous areas. Soil scientists make many field observations in the process of producing a soil map. The frequency of observation is dependent upon several factors, including scale of mapping, intensity of mapping, design of map units, complexity of the landscape, and experience of the soil scientist. Observations are made to test and refine the soil-landscape model and predictions and to verify the classification of the soils at specific locations. Once the soil-landscape model is refined, a significantly smaller number of measurements of individual soil properties are made and recorded. These measurements may include field measurements, such as those for color, depth to bedrock, and texture, and laboratory measurements, such as those for content of sand, silt, clay, salt, and other components. Properties of each soil typically vary from one point to another across the landscape. Observations for map unit components are aggregated to develop ranges of characteristics for the components. The aggregated values are presented. Direct measurements do not exist for every property presented for every map unit component. Values for some properties are estimated from combinations of other properties. While a soil survey is in progress, samples of some of the soils in the area generally are collected for laboratory analyses and for engineering tests. Soil scientists interpret the data from these analyses and tests as well as the field-observed characteristics and the soil properties to determine the expected behavior of the soils under different uses. Interpretations for all of the soils are field tested through observation of the soils in different uses and under different levels of management. Some interpretations are modified to fit local conditions, and some new interpretations are developed to meet local needs. Data are assembled from other sources, such as research information, production records, and field experience of specialists. For example, data on crop yields under defined levels of management are assembled from farm records and from field or plot experiments on the same kinds of soil. Predictions about soil behavior are based not only on soil properties but also on such variables as climate and biological activity. Soil conditions are predictable over long periods of time, but they are not predictable from year to year. For example, soil scientists can predict with a fairly high degree of accuracy that a given soil will have a high water table within certain depths in most years, but they cannot predict that a high water table will always be at a specific level in the soil on a specific date. After soil scientists located and identified the significant natural bodies of soil in the survey area, they drew the boundaries of these bodies on aerial photographs and Custom Soil Resource Report 6 identified each as a specific map unit. Aerial photographs show trees, buildings, fields, roads, and rivers, all of which help in locating boundaries accurately. Custom Soil Resource Report 7 Soil Map The soil map section includes the soil map for the defined area of interest, a list of soil map units on the map and extent of each map unit, and cartographic symbols displayed on the map. Also presented are various metadata about data used to produce the map, and a description of each soil map unit. 8 9 Custom Soil Resource Report Soil Map 43957004396000439630043966004396900439720043975004395700439600043963004396600439690043972004397500609200 609500 609800 610100 610400 610700 611000 611300 611600 611900 612200 609500 609800 610100 610400 610700 611000 611300 611600 611900 612200 39° 43' 16'' N 121° 43' 33'' W39° 43' 16'' N121° 41' 23'' W39° 42' 11'' N 121° 43' 33'' W39° 42' 11'' N 121° 41' 23'' WN Map projection: Web Mercator Corner coordinates: WGS84 Edge tics: UTM Zone 10N WGS84 0 500 1000 2000 3000 Feet 0 200 400 800 1200 Meters Map Scale: 1:14,100 if printed on A landscape (11" x 8.5") sheet. MAP LEGEND MAP INFORMATION Area of Interest (AOI) Area of Interest (AOI) Soils Soil Map Unit Polygons Soil Map Unit Lines Soil Map Unit Points Special Point Features Blowout Borrow Pit Clay Spot Closed Depression Gravel Pit Gravelly Spot Landfill Lava Flow Marsh or swamp Mine or Quarry Miscellaneous Water Perennial Water Rock Outcrop Saline Spot Sandy Spot Severely Eroded Spot Sinkhole Slide or Slip Sodic Spot Spoil Area Stony Spot Very Stony Spot Wet Spot Other Special Line Features Water Features Streams and Canals Transportation Rails Interstate Highways US Routes Major Roads Local Roads Background Aerial Photography The soil surveys that comprise your AOI were mapped at 1:24,000. Please rely on the bar scale on each map sheet for map measurements. Source of Map: Natural Resources Conservation Service Web Soil Survey URL: Coordinate System: Web Mercator (EPSG:3857) Maps from the Web Soil Survey are based on the Web Mercator projection, which preserves direction and shape but distorts distance and area. A projection that preserves area, such as the Albers equal-area conic projection, should be used if more accurate calculations of distance or area are required. This product is generated from the USDA-NRCS certified data as of the version date(s) listed below. Soil Survey Area: Butte Area, California, Parts of Butte and Plumas Counties Survey Area Data: Version 17, Jun 1, 2020 Soil map units are labeled (as space allows) for map scales 1:50,000 or larger. Date(s) aerial images were photographed: Dec 6, 2018—Dec 12, 2018 The orthophoto or other base map on which the soil lines were compiled and digitized probably differs from the background imagery displayed on these maps. As a result, some minor shifting of map unit boundaries may be evident. Custom Soil Resource Report 10 Map Unit Legend Map Unit Symbol Map Unit Name Acres in AOI Percent of AOI 615 Doemill-Jokerst , 3 to 8 percent slopes 141.0 41.0% 616 Jokerst-Doemill-Typic Haploxeralfs , 8 to 15 percent slopes 37.8 11.0% 620 Doemill-Jokerst-Ultic Haploxeralfs, thermic complex, 3 to 8 percent slopes 99.7 29.0% 621 Doemill-Jokerst-Ultic Haploxeralfs, thermic complex, 8 to 15 percent slopes 48.3 14.0% 622 Xerorthents, shallow-Typic Haploxeralfs-Rock outrcrop, cliffs complex, 15 to 30 percent slopes 10.3 3.0% 623 Xerorthents, shallow-Typic Haploxeralfs-Rock outcrop, cliffs complex, 30 to 50 percent slopes 6.9 2.0% Totals for Area of Interest 344.0 100.0% Map Unit Descriptions The map units delineated on the detailed soil maps in a soil survey represent the soils or miscellaneous areas in the survey area. The map unit descriptions, along with the maps, can be used to determine the composition and properties of a unit. A map unit delineation on a soil map represents an area dominated by one or more major kinds of soil or miscellaneous areas. A map unit is identified and named according to the taxonomic classification of the dominant soils. Within a taxonomic class there are precisely defined limits for the properties of the soils. On the landscape, however, the soils are natural phenomena, and they have the characteristic variability of all natural phenomena. Thus, the range of some observed properties may extend beyond the limits defined for a taxonomic class. Areas of soils of a single taxonomic class rarely, if ever, can be mapped without including areas of other taxonomic classes. Consequently, every map unit is made up of the soils or miscellaneous areas for which it is named and some minor components that belong to taxonomic classes other than those of the major soils. Most minor soils have properties similar to those of the dominant soil or soils in the map unit, and thus they do not affect use and management. These are called noncontrasting, or similar, components. They may or may not be mentioned in a particular map unit description. Other minor components, however, have properties and behavioral characteristics divergent enough to affect use or to require different Custom Soil Resource Report 11 management. These are called contrasting, or dissimilar, components. They generally are in small areas and could not be mapped separately because of the scale used. Some small areas of strongly contrasting soils or miscellaneous areas are identified by a special symbol on the maps. If included in the database for a given area, the contrasting minor components are identified in the map unit descriptions along with some characteristics of each. A few areas of minor components may not have been observed, and consequently they are not mentioned in the descriptions, especially where the pattern was so complex that it was impractical to make enough observations to identify all the soils and miscellaneous areas on the landscape. The presence of minor components in a map unit in no way diminishes the usefulness or accuracy of the data. The objective of mapping is not to delineate pure taxonomic classes but rather to separate the landscape into landforms or landform segments that have similar use and management requirements. The delineation of such segments on the map provides sufficient information for the development of resource plans. If intensive use of small areas is planned, however, onsite investigation is needed to define and locate the soils and miscellaneous areas. An identifying symbol precedes the map unit name in the map unit descriptions. Each description includes general facts about the unit and gives important soil properties and qualities. Soils that have profiles that are almost alike make up a soil series. Except for differences in texture of the surface layer, all the soils of a series have major horizons that are similar in composition, thickness, and arrangement. Soils of one series can differ in texture of the surface layer, slope, stoniness, salinity, degree of erosion, and other characteristics that affect their use. On the basis of such differences, a soil series is divided into soil phases. Most of the areas shown on the detailed soil maps are phases of soil series. The name of a soil phase commonly indicates a feature that affects use or management. For example, Alpha silt loam, 0 to 2 percent slopes, is a phase of the Alpha series. Some map units are made up of two or more major soils or miscellaneous areas. These map units are complexes, associations, or undifferentiated groups. A complex consists of two or more soils or miscellaneous areas in such an intricate pattern or in such small areas that they cannot be shown separately on the maps. The pattern and proportion of the soils or miscellaneous areas are somewhat similar in all areas. Alpha-Beta complex, 0 to 6 percent slopes, is an example. An association is made up of two or more geographically associated soils or miscellaneous areas that are shown as one unit on the maps. Because of present or anticipated uses of the map units in the survey area, it was not considered practical or necessary to map the soils or miscellaneous areas separately. The pattern and relative proportion of the soils or miscellaneous areas are somewhat similar. Alpha-Beta association, 0 to 2 percent slopes, is an example. An undifferentiated group is made up of two or more soils or miscellaneous areas that could be mapped individually but are mapped as one unit because similar interpretations can be made for use and management. The pattern and proportion of the soils or miscellaneous areas in a mapped area are not uniform. An area can be made up of only one of the major soils or miscellaneous areas, or it can be made up of all of them. Alpha and Beta soils, 0 to 2 percent slopes, is an example. Some surveys include miscellaneous areas. Such areas have little or no soil material and support little or no vegetation. Rock outcrop is an example. Custom Soil Resource Report 12 Butte Area, California, Parts of Butte and Plumas Counties 615—Doemill-Jokerst , 3 to 8 percent slopes Map Unit Setting National map unit symbol: hgzm Elevation: 160 to 1,000 feet Mean annual precipitation: 25 to 29 inches Mean annual air temperature: 61 to 63 degrees F Frost-free period: 250 to 255 days Farmland classification: Not prime farmland Map Unit Composition Doemill, gravelly loam, and similar soils:50 percent Jokerst, very cobbly loam, and similar soils:40 percent Minor components:10 percent Estimates are based on observations, descriptions, and transects of the mapunit. Description of Doemill, Gravelly Loam Setting Landform:Ridges Landform position (two-dimensional):Summit Landform position (three-dimensional):Crest Microfeatures of landform position:Mounds Down-slope shape:Linear Across-slope shape:Linear Parent material:Loamy residuum weathered from volcanic breccia Typical profile A - 0 to 1 inches: gravelly loam Bt1 - 1 to 5 inches: gravelly loam Bt2 - 5 to 9 inches: gravelly loam Bt3 - 9 to 14 inches: gravelly loam R - 14 to 24 inches: bedrock Properties and qualities Slope:3 to 8 percent Surface area covered with cobbles, stones or boulders:5.0 percent Depth to restrictive feature:10 to 20 inches to lithic bedrock Drainage class:Somewhat poorly drained Runoff class: Very high Capacity of the most limiting layer to transmit water (Ksat):Moderately high (0.43 to 1.28 in/hr) Depth to water table:About 2 to 20 inches Frequency of flooding:None Frequency of ponding:None Available water capacity:Very low (about 2.1 inches) Interpretive groups Land capability classification (irrigated): 6e Land capability classification (nonirrigated): 6e Hydrologic Soil Group: D Hydric soil rating: No Custom Soil Resource Report 13 Description of Jokerst, Very Cobbly Loam Setting Landform:Ridges Landform position (two-dimensional):Summit Landform position (three-dimensional):Crest Microfeatures of landform position:Swales Down-slope shape:Linear Across-slope shape:Convex Parent material:Loamy residuum weathered from volcanic breccia Typical profile A - 0 to 1 inches: very cobbly loam Bt - 1 to 4 inches: gravelly loam R - 4 to 14 inches: bedrock Properties and qualities Slope:3 to 8 percent Surface area covered with cobbles, stones or boulders:17.0 percent Depth to restrictive feature:2 to 10 inches to lithic bedrock Drainage class:Poorly drained Runoff class: Very high Capacity of the most limiting layer to transmit water (Ksat):Moderately high (0.71 to 1.13 in/hr) Depth to water table:About 0 to 10 inches Frequency of flooding:FrequentNone Frequency of ponding:Frequent Available water capacity:Very low (about 0.4 inches) Interpretive groups Land capability classification (irrigated): 8 Land capability classification (nonirrigated): 8 Hydrologic Soil Group: D Hydric soil rating: No Minor Components Rock outcrop, mudflow breccia Percent of map unit:6 percent Landform:Ridges Hydric soil rating: No Lithic xerorthents Percent of map unit:3 percent Landform:Ridges Hydric soil rating: No Unnamed, frequent long ponding Percent of map unit:1 percent Landform:Ridges Microfeatures of landform position:Vernal pools Hydric soil rating: Yes Custom Soil Resource Report 14 616—Jokerst-Doemill-Typic Haploxeralfs , 8 to 15 percent slopes Map Unit Setting National map unit symbol: hgzj Elevation: 160 to 1,120 feet Mean annual precipitation: 25 to 29 inches Mean annual air temperature: 61 to 63 degrees F Frost-free period: 250 to 255 days Farmland classification: Not prime farmland Map Unit Composition Jokerst, very cobbly loam, and similar soils:36 percent Doemill, gravelly loam, and similar soils:34 percent Typic haploxeralfs, gravelly loam, and similar soils:15 percent Minor components:15 percent Estimates are based on observations, descriptions, and transects of the mapunit. Description of Jokerst, Very Cobbly Loam Setting Landform:Ridges Landform position (two-dimensional):Shoulder, backslope Landform position (three-dimensional):Side slope Down-slope shape:Linear Across-slope shape:Linear Parent material:Loamy residuum weathered from volcanic breccia Typical profile A - 0 to 1 inches: very cobbly loam Bt - 1 to 4 inches: gravelly loam R - 4 to 14 inches: bedrock Properties and qualities Slope:8 to 15 percent Surface area covered with cobbles, stones or boulders:17.0 percent Depth to restrictive feature:2 to 10 inches to lithic bedrock Drainage class:Poorly drained Runoff class: Very high Capacity of the most limiting layer to transmit water (Ksat):Moderately high (0.71 to 1.13 in/hr) Depth to water table:About 0 to 10 inches Frequency of flooding:None Frequency of ponding:None Available water capacity:Very low (about 0.4 inches) Interpretive groups Land capability classification (irrigated): 8 Land capability classification (nonirrigated): 8 Hydrologic Soil Group: D Custom Soil Resource Report 15 Hydric soil rating: No Description of Doemill, Gravelly Loam Setting Landform:Ridges Landform position (two-dimensional):Backslope, shoulder Landform position (three-dimensional):Side slope Down-slope shape:Concave Across-slope shape:Linear Parent material:Loamy residuum weathered from volcanic breccia Typical profile A - 0 to 1 inches: gravelly loam Bt1 - 1 to 5 inches: gravelly loam Bt2 - 5 to 9 inches: gravelly loam Bt3 - 9 to 14 inches: gravelly loam R - 14 to 23 inches: bedrock Properties and qualities Slope:8 to 15 percent Surface area covered with cobbles, stones or boulders:5.0 percent Depth to restrictive feature:10 to 20 inches to lithic bedrock Drainage class:Somewhat poorly drained Runoff class: Very high Capacity of the most limiting layer to transmit water (Ksat):Moderately high (0.43 to 1.28 in/hr) Depth to water table:About 4 to 20 inches Frequency of flooding:None Frequency of ponding:None Available water capacity:Very low (about 2.1 inches) Interpretive groups Land capability classification (irrigated): 6e Land capability classification (nonirrigated): 6e Hydrologic Soil Group: D Hydric soil rating: No Description of Typic Haploxeralfs, Gravelly Loam Setting Landform:Ridges Landform position (two-dimensional):Backslope, shoulder Landform position (three-dimensional):Side slope Down-slope shape:Concave Across-slope shape:Concave Parent material:Loamy colluvium derived from volcanic rock Typical profile A - 0 to 2 inches: gravelly loam Bt1 - 2 to 8 inches: gravelly clay loam Bt2 - 8 to 16 inches: very gravelly clay loam Bt3 - 16 to 27 inches: very gravelly clay loam Bt4 - 27 to 40 inches: very gravelly clay loam 2Cr - 40 to 50 inches: bedrock Properties and qualities Slope:8 to 15 percent Custom Soil Resource Report 16 Surface area covered with cobbles, stones or boulders:4.0 percent Depth to restrictive feature:20 to 60 inches to paralithic bedrock; 20 to 60 inches to lithic bedrock Drainage class:Well drained Runoff class: Medium Capacity of the most limiting layer to transmit water (Ksat):Moderately low to moderately high (0.06 to 0.57 in/hr) Depth to water table:More than 80 inches Frequency of flooding:None Frequency of ponding:None Available water capacity:Low (about 4.6 inches) Interpretive groups Land capability classification (irrigated): 3e Land capability classification (nonirrigated): 3e Hydrologic Soil Group: C Hydric soil rating: No Minor Components Rock outcrop, mudflow breccia Percent of map unit:10 percent Landform:Ridges Hydric soil rating: No Lithic xerorthents Percent of map unit:5 percent Landform:Ridges Hydric soil rating: No 620—Doemill-Jokerst-Ultic Haploxeralfs, thermic complex, 3 to 8 percent slopes Map Unit Setting National map unit symbol: hh4q Elevation: 400 to 1,700 feet Mean annual precipitation: 28 to 40 inches Mean annual air temperature: 61 degrees F Frost-free period: 255 to 260 days Farmland classification: Not prime farmland Map Unit Composition Doemill, gravelly loam, and similar soils:40 percent Jokerst, very cobbly loam, and similar soils:25 percent Ultic haploxeralfs, thermic gravelly loam, and similar soils:20 percent Minor components:15 percent Estimates are based on observations, descriptions, and transects of the mapunit. Custom Soil Resource Report 17 Description of Doemill, Gravelly Loam Setting Landform:Ridges Landform position (two-dimensional):Summit Landform position (three-dimensional):Crest Down-slope shape:Linear Across-slope shape:Linear Parent material:Loamy residuum weathered from volcanic breccia Typical profile A - 0 to 1 inches: gravelly loam Bt1 - 1 to 5 inches: gravelly loam Bt2 - 5 to 9 inches: gravelly loam Bt3 - 9 to 14 inches: gravelly loam R - 14 to 24 inches: bedrock Properties and qualities Slope:3 to 8 percent Surface area covered with cobbles, stones or boulders:5.0 percent Depth to restrictive feature:10 to 20 inches to lithic bedrock Drainage class:Somewhat poorly drained Runoff class: Very high Capacity of the most limiting layer to transmit water (Ksat):Moderately high (0.43 to 1.28 in/hr) Depth to water table:About 2 to 20 inches Frequency of flooding:None Frequency of ponding:None Available water capacity:Very low (about 2.1 inches) Interpretive groups Land capability classification (irrigated): 6e Land capability classification (nonirrigated): 6e Hydrologic Soil Group: D Hydric soil rating: No Description of Jokerst, Very Cobbly Loam Setting Landform:Ridges Landform position (two-dimensional):Summit Landform position (three-dimensional):Crest Down-slope shape:Convex Across-slope shape:Convex Parent material:Loamy residuum weathered from volcanic breccia Typical profile A - 0 to 1 inches: very cobbly loam Bt - 1 to 4 inches: gravelly loam R - 4 to 14 inches: bedrock Properties and qualities Slope:3 to 8 percent Surface area covered with cobbles, stones or boulders:17.0 percent Depth to restrictive feature:2 to 10 inches to lithic bedrock Drainage class:Poorly drained Runoff class: Very high Custom Soil Resource Report 18 Capacity of the most limiting layer to transmit water (Ksat):Moderately high (0.71 to 1.13 in/hr) Depth to water table:About 0 to 10 inches Frequency of flooding:None Frequency of ponding:Frequent Available water capacity:Very low (about 0.4 inches) Interpretive groups Land capability classification (irrigated): 8 Land capability classification (nonirrigated): 8 Hydrologic Soil Group: D Hydric soil rating: No Description of Ultic Haploxeralfs, Thermic Gravelly Loam Setting Landform:Ridges Landform position (two-dimensional):Summit Landform position (three-dimensional):Crest Down-slope shape:Convex Across-slope shape:Convex Parent material:Loamy residuum weathered from volcanic rock Typical profile A - 0 to 2 inches: gravelly loam Bt1 - 2 to 6 inches: very cobbly clay loam Bt2 - 6 to 13 inches: very cobbly clay loam Bt3 - 13 to 21 inches: very cobbly clay loam Bt4 - 21 to 31 inches: very cobbly clay loam R - 31 to 41 inches: bedrock Properties and qualities Slope:3 to 8 percent Surface area covered with cobbles, stones or boulders:4.0 percent Depth to restrictive feature:20 to 40 inches to lithic bedrock; 20 to 40 inches to paralithic bedrock Drainage class:Moderately well drained Runoff class: Medium Capacity of the most limiting layer to transmit water (Ksat):Moderately high (0.20 to 0.85 in/hr) Depth to water table:About 18 to 40 inches Frequency of flooding:None Frequency of ponding:None Available water capacity:Very low (about 3.0 inches) Interpretive groups Land capability classification (irrigated): 4e Land capability classification (nonirrigated): 4e Hydrologic Soil Group: C Hydric soil rating: No Minor Components Rock outcrop, mudflow breccia Percent of map unit:10 percent Landform:Ridges Hydric soil rating: No Custom Soil Resource Report 19 Lithic xerorthents Percent of map unit:5 percent Landform:Ridges Hydric soil rating: No 621—Doemill-Jokerst-Ultic Haploxeralfs, thermic complex, 8 to 15 percent slopes Map Unit Setting National map unit symbol: hh4k Elevation: 400 to 1,700 feet Mean annual precipitation: 28 to 40 inches Mean annual air temperature: 61 degrees F Frost-free period: 255 to 260 days Farmland classification: Not prime farmland Map Unit Composition Jokerst, very cobbly loam, and similar soils:31 percent Doemill, gravelly loam, and similar soils:29 percent Ultic haploxeralfs, thermic gravelly loam, and similar soils:20 percent Minor components:20 percent Estimates are based on observations, descriptions, and transects of the mapunit. Description of Jokerst, Very Cobbly Loam Setting Landform:Ridges Landform position (two-dimensional):Shoulder, summit Landform position (three-dimensional):Crest, side slope Down-slope shape:Linear Across-slope shape:Linear Parent material:Loamy residuum weathered from volcanic breccia Typical profile A - 0 to 1 inches: very cobbly loam Bt - 1 to 4 inches: gravelly loam R - 4 to 14 inches: bedrock Properties and qualities Slope:8 to 15 percent Surface area covered with cobbles, stones or boulders:17.0 percent Depth to restrictive feature:2 to 10 inches to lithic bedrock Drainage class:Poorly drained Runoff class: Very high Capacity of the most limiting layer to transmit water (Ksat):Moderately high (0.71 to 1.13 in/hr) Depth to water table:About 0 to 10 inches Custom Soil Resource Report 20 Frequency of flooding:None Frequency of ponding:None Available water capacity:Very low (about 0.4 inches) Interpretive groups Land capability classification (irrigated): 8 Land capability classification (nonirrigated): 8 Hydrologic Soil Group: D Hydric soil rating: No Description of Doemill, Gravelly Loam Setting Landform:Ridges Landform position (two-dimensional):Summit, shoulder Landform position (three-dimensional):Side slope, crest Down-slope shape:Convex Across-slope shape:Convex Parent material:Loamy residuum weathered from volcanic breccia Typical profile A - 0 to 1 inches: gravelly loam Bt1 - 1 to 5 inches: gravelly loam Bt2 - 5 to 9 inches: gravelly loam Bt3 - 9 to 14 inches: gravelly loam R - 14 to 24 inches: bedrock Properties and qualities Slope:8 to 15 percent Surface area covered with cobbles, stones or boulders:5.0 percent Depth to restrictive feature:10 to 20 inches to lithic bedrock Drainage class:Somewhat poorly drained Runoff class: Very high Capacity of the most limiting layer to transmit water (Ksat):Moderately high (0.43 to 1.28 in/hr) Depth to water table:About 4 to 20 inches Frequency of flooding:None Frequency of ponding:None Available water capacity:Very low (about 2.1 inches) Interpretive groups Land capability classification (irrigated): 6e Land capability classification (nonirrigated): 6e Hydrologic Soil Group: D Hydric soil rating: No Description of Ultic Haploxeralfs, Thermic Gravelly Loam Setting Landform:Ridges Landform position (two-dimensional):Shoulder, summit Landform position (three-dimensional):Crest, side slope Down-slope shape:Concave Across-slope shape:Concave Parent material:Loamy residuum weathered from volcanic rock Typical profile A - 0 to 2 inches: gravelly loam Custom Soil Resource Report 21 Bt1 - 2 to 6 inches: very cobbly clay loam Bt2 - 6 to 13 inches: very cobbly clay loam Bt3 - 13 to 21 inches: very cobbly clay loam Bt4 - 21 to 31 inches: very cobbly clay loam R - 31 to 41 inches: bedrock Properties and qualities Slope:8 to 15 percent Surface area covered with cobbles, stones or boulders:4.0 percent Depth to restrictive feature:20 to 40 inches to lithic bedrock; 20 to 40 inches to paralithic bedrock Drainage class:Moderately well drained Runoff class: High Capacity of the most limiting layer to transmit water (Ksat):Moderately high (0.20 to 0.85 in/hr) Depth to water table:About 19 to 40 inches Frequency of flooding:None Frequency of ponding:None Available water capacity:Very low (about 3.0 inches) Interpretive groups Land capability classification (irrigated): 4e Land capability classification (nonirrigated): 4e Hydrologic Soil Group: C Hydric soil rating: No Minor Components Rock outcrop, mudflow breccia Percent of map unit:12 percent Landform:Ridges Hydric soil rating: No Lithic xerorthents Percent of map unit:8 percent Landform:Ridges Hydric soil rating: No 622—Xerorthents, shallow-Typic Haploxeralfs-Rock outrcrop, cliffs complex, 15 to 30 percent slopes Map Unit Setting National map unit symbol: hh5m Elevation: 200 to 1,500 feet Mean annual precipitation: 26 to 38 inches Mean annual air temperature: 59 to 63 degrees F Frost-free period: 250 to 260 days Farmland classification: Not prime farmland Custom Soil Resource Report 22 Map Unit Composition Xerorthents, shallow, and similar soils:40 percent Typic haploxeralfs, gravelly loam, and similar soils:30 percent Rock outcrop, mudflow breccia cliffs:15 percent Minor components:15 percent Estimates are based on observations, descriptions, and transects of the mapunit. Description of Xerorthents, Shallow Setting Landform:Canyons Landform position (two-dimensional):Backslope Landform position (three-dimensional):Side slope Down-slope shape:Concave Across-slope shape:Convex Parent material:Loamy residuum and/or colluvium derived from volcanic rock Typical profile A - 0 to 2 inches: gravelly clay loam Bt1 - 2 to 5 inches: gravelly clay loam Bt2 - 5 to 8 inches: very cobbly clay loam 2R - 8 to 18 inches: bedrock Properties and qualities Slope:15 to 30 percent Surface area covered with cobbles, stones or boulders:5.0 percent Depth to restrictive feature:2 to 20 inches to paralithic bedrock; 2 to 20 inches to lithic bedrock Drainage class:Moderately well drained Runoff class: Very high Capacity of the most limiting layer to transmit water (Ksat):Moderately high (0.20 to 0.71 in/hr) Depth to water table:More than 80 inches Frequency of flooding:None Frequency of ponding:None Available water capacity:Very low (about 1.1 inches) Interpretive groups Land capability classification (irrigated): 7s Land capability classification (nonirrigated): 7s Hydrologic Soil Group: D Hydric soil rating: No Description of Typic Haploxeralfs, Gravelly Loam Setting Landform:Canyons Landform position (two-dimensional):Backslope Landform position (three-dimensional):Side slope Down-slope shape:Concave Across-slope shape:Concave Parent material:Loamy residuum and/or colluvium derived from volcanic rock Typical profile A - 0 to 2 inches: gravelly loam Bt1 - 2 to 8 inches: gravelly clay loam Custom Soil Resource Report 23 Bt2 - 8 to 16 inches: very gravelly clay loam Bt3 - 16 to 27 inches: very gravelly clay loam Bt4 - 27 to 40 inches: very gravelly clay loam 2Cr - 40 to 50 inches: bedrock Properties and qualities Slope:15 to 30 percent Surface area covered with cobbles, stones or boulders:4.0 percent Depth to restrictive feature:20 to 60 inches to paralithic bedrock; 20 to 60 inches to lithic bedrock Drainage class:Well drained Runoff class: High Capacity of the most limiting layer to transmit water (Ksat):Moderately low to moderately high (0.06 to 0.57 in/hr) Depth to water table:More than 80 inches Frequency of flooding:None Frequency of ponding:None Available water capacity:Low (about 4.6 inches) Interpretive groups Land capability classification (irrigated): 4e Land capability classification (nonirrigated): 4e Hydrologic Soil Group: C Hydric soil rating: No Description of Rock Outcrop, Mudflow Breccia Cliffs Setting Landform:Canyons Interpretive groups Land capability classification (irrigated): 8 Land capability classification (nonirrigated): 8 Hydric soil rating: No Minor Components Rock outcrop, mudflow breccia Percent of map unit:8 percent Landform:Canyons Hydric soil rating: No Lithic haploxeralfs Percent of map unit:5 percent Landform:Canyons Hydric soil rating: No Aquic durixeralfs Percent of map unit:2 percent Landform:Canyons Hydric soil rating: Yes Custom Soil Resource Report 24 623—Xerorthents, shallow-Typic Haploxeralfs-Rock outcrop, cliffs complex, 30 to 50 percent slopes Map Unit Setting National map unit symbol: hh5l Elevation: 300 to 1,500 feet Mean annual precipitation: 26 to 38 inches Mean annual air temperature: 59 to 63 degrees F Frost-free period: 250 to 260 days Farmland classification: Not prime farmland Map Unit Composition Xerorthents, shallow, and similar soils:40 percent Typic haploxeralfs, gravelly loam, and similar soils:25 percent Rock outcrop, mudfow breccia cliffs:20 percent Minor components:15 percent Estimates are based on observations, descriptions, and transects of the mapunit. Description of Xerorthents, Shallow Setting Landform:Canyons Landform position (two-dimensional):Backslope Landform position (three-dimensional):Side slope Down-slope shape:Concave Across-slope shape:Convex Parent material:Loamy residuum and/or colluvium derived from volcanic rock Typical profile A - 0 to 2 inches: gravelly clay loam Bt1 - 2 to 5 inches: gravelly clay loam Bt2 - 5 to 8 inches: very cobbly clay loam 2R - 8 to 18 inches: bedrock Properties and qualities Slope:30 to 50 percent Surface area covered with cobbles, stones or boulders:5.0 percent Depth to restrictive feature:2 to 20 inches to paralithic bedrock; 2 to 20 inches to lithic bedrock Drainage class:Moderately well drained Runoff class: Very high Capacity of the most limiting layer to transmit water (Ksat):Moderately high (0.20 to 0.71 in/hr) Depth to water table:More than 80 inches Frequency of flooding:None Frequency of ponding:None Available water capacity:Very low (about 1.1 inches) Custom Soil Resource Report 25 Interpretive groups Land capability classification (irrigated): 7s Land capability classification (nonirrigated): 7s Hydrologic Soil Group: D Hydric soil rating: No Description of Typic Haploxeralfs, Gravelly Loam Setting Landform:Canyons Landform position (two-dimensional):Backslope Landform position (three-dimensional):Side slope Down-slope shape:Concave Across-slope shape:Concave Parent material:Loamy residuum and/or colluvium derived from volcanic rock Typical profile A - 0 to 2 inches: gravelly loam Bt1 - 2 to 8 inches: gravelly clay loam Bt2 - 8 to 16 inches: very gravelly clay loam Bt3 - 16 to 27 inches: very gravelly clay loam Bt4 - 27 to 40 inches: very gravelly clay loam 2Cr - 40 to 50 inches: bedrock Properties and qualities Slope:30 to 50 percent Surface area covered with cobbles, stones or boulders:4.0 percent Depth to restrictive feature:20 to 60 inches to paralithic bedrock; 20 to 60 inches to lithic bedrock Drainage class:Well drained Runoff class: High Capacity of the most limiting layer to transmit water (Ksat):Moderately low to moderately high (0.06 to 0.57 in/hr) Depth to water table:More than 80 inches Frequency of flooding:None Frequency of ponding:None Available water capacity:Low (about 4.6 inches) Interpretive groups Land capability classification (irrigated): 6e Land capability classification (nonirrigated): 6e Hydrologic Soil Group: C Hydric soil rating: No Description of Rock Outcrop, Mudfow Breccia Cliffs Setting Landform:Canyons Interpretive groups Land capability classification (irrigated): 8 Land capability classification (nonirrigated): 8 Hydric soil rating: No Custom Soil Resource Report 26 Minor Components Rock outcrop, mudflow breccia Percent of map unit:10 percent Landform:Canyons Hydric soil rating: No Lithic haploxeralfs Percent of map unit:4 percent Landform:Canyons Hydric soil rating: No Aquic durixeralfs Percent of map unit:1 percent Landform:Canyons Hydric soil rating: Yes Custom Soil Resource Report 27 References American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials (AASHTO). 2004. Standard specifications for transportation materials and methods of sampling and testing. 24th edition. American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM). 2005. Standard classification of soils for engineering purposes. ASTM Standard D2487-00. Cowardin, L.M., V. Carter, F.C. Golet, and E.T. LaRoe. 1979. Classification of wetlands and deep-water habitats of the United States. U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service FWS/OBS-79/31. Federal Register. July 13, 1994. Changes in hydric soils of the United States. Federal Register. September 18, 2002. Hydric soils of the United States. Hurt, G.W., and L.M. Vasilas, editors. Version 6.0, 2006. Field indicators of hydric soils in the United States. National Research Council. 1995. Wetlands: Characteristics and boundaries. Soil Survey Division Staff. 1993. Soil survey manual. Soil Conservation Service. U.S. Department of Agriculture Handbook 18. http://www.nrcs.usda.gov/wps/portal/ nrcs/detail/national/soils/?cid=nrcs142p2_054262 Soil Survey Staff. 1999. Soil taxonomy: A basic system of soil classification for making and interpreting soil surveys. 2nd edition. Natural Resources Conservation Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture Handbook 436. http:// www.nrcs.usda.gov/wps/portal/nrcs/detail/national/soils/?cid=nrcs142p2_053577 Soil Survey Staff. 2010. Keys to soil taxonomy. 11th edition. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Natural Resources Conservation Service. http:// www.nrcs.usda.gov/wps/portal/nrcs/detail/national/soils/?cid=nrcs142p2_053580 Tiner, R.W., Jr. 1985. Wetlands of Delaware. U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service and Delaware Department of Natural Resources and Environmental Control, Wetlands Section. United States Army Corps of Engineers, Environmental Laboratory. 1987. Corps of Engineers wetlands delineation manual. Waterways Experiment Station Technical Report Y-87-1. United States Department of Agriculture, Natural Resources Conservation Service. National forestry manual. http://www.nrcs.usda.gov/wps/portal/nrcs/detail/soils/ home/?cid=nrcs142p2_053374 United States Department of Agriculture, Natural Resources Conservation Service. National range and pasture handbook. http://www.nrcs.usda.gov/wps/portal/nrcs/ detail/national/landuse/rangepasture/?cid=stelprdb1043084 28 United States Department of Agriculture, Natural Resources Conservation Service. National soil survey handbook, title 430-VI. http://www.nrcs.usda.gov/wps/portal/ nrcs/detail/soils/scientists/?cid=nrcs142p2_054242 United States Department of Agriculture, Natural Resources Conservation Service. 2006. Land resource regions and major land resource areas of the United States, the Caribbean, and the Pacific Basin. U.S. Department of Agriculture Handbook 296. http://www.nrcs.usda.gov/wps/portal/nrcs/detail/national/soils/? cid=nrcs142p2_053624 United States Department of Agriculture, Soil Conservation Service. 1961. Land capability classification. U.S. Department of Agriculture Handbook 210. http:// www.nrcs.usda.gov/Internet/FSE_DOCUMENTS/nrcs142p2_052290.pdf Custom Soil Resource Report 29