HomeMy WebLinkAbout5.11.22 CDBG-DR Action Plan 2020 (3)
From:Hatcher, Casey
To:BOS
Cc:Boston, Shelby; Jimerfield, Joshua
Subject:2020 CDBG-DR Action Plan
Date:Wednesday, May 11, 2022 10:29:38 AM
Good morning Board Members
Congress appropriated $201,046,000 in CDBG-DR funds for disaster recovery activities and
$30,157,000 for mitigation activities to California for 2020 disasters. State HCD issued the Draft
Grant Action Plan for 2020 CDBG-DR, which includes two major disaster declarations for California in
2020. The North Complex Fire is included for Butte County along with more than 9,900 fires that
burned in the State between August and November of 2020.
The Action Plan calculates an unmet need between $600 Million and $1.3 Billion for housing,
infrastructure, and economic recovery. The appropriation of $231 Million does not meet the needs
of communities across California for disaster recovery after these fire. Given the substantial unmet
need, the Action Plan focuses on housing programs and leveraging other funding sources. It is
unclear at this time if there will additional appropriations for 2020 CDBG-DR and what other
resources the State hopes to leverage for disaster recovery needs.
The State Action Plan proposes to use the CDBG-DR funds primarily for housing with a limited
amount for infrastructure:
Housing ($183 Million)
o Owner-occupied reconstruction (OOR) program ($45.8 Million) – similar to the
current RecoverCA program (program administered by HCD)
o OOR mitigation ($21.4 Million) – the State will use a portion of the mitigation funds to
enhance the OOR reconstructions with mitigation activities, such as defensible space
(program administered by HCD)
o Homebuyer assistance program ($9.1 Million) – down payment assistance to low-to-
moderate-income homeowners to relocate outside the high-risk areas/disaster
declared areas (program administered by HCD)
o Multifamily housing ($128.3 Million) – financing for affordable rental housing
development (program administer by HCD)
o Multifamily mitigation ($7.1 Million) – the State will use a portion of the mitigation
funds to enhance the MHP constructions with mitigation activities, such as
hardening and wildfire retrofitting (program administered by HCD)
Infrastructure ($7.3 Million)
o Funding for local jurisdiction for the local share of costs for approved FEMA Public
Assistance infrastructure projects.
The Multifamily allocation for the Butte County area is $33,720,696, which will be administered by
the State. This allocation is based on Butte County’s percentage of low-to-moderate income renters
impacted based on FEMA individual assistance data. Butte County has the second largest multifamily
allocation and Santa Cruz County received the largest allocation at $43,479,657.
The State is accepting public comment on the draft Action Plan until June 6, 2022. County staff will
attend the public comment meeting on May 18, 2022 at 6:00 pm and provide input about the unmet
needs in Butte County including housing, infrastructure, and hazard mitigation projects. County staff
will also share concerns about the multifamily housing program being operated at the State level
and the lack of local input to the process. Our staff have established a good relationship with HCD
and they often look to us when they have questions about the local perspective and impacts. This is
the third round of CDBG-DR funds that apply to Butte County in the last five years.
Please let me know directly if you have any questions.
Thank you.
Casey
Casey Hatcher
Deputy Chief Administrative Officer
Butte County Administration
25 County Center Drive, Suite 200, Oroville, CA 95965
T: 530.552.3336 | M: 530.518.3508
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Table of Contents
List of Figures...............................................................................................................................5
I. Executive Summary...............................................................................................................9
A.Overview............................................................................................................................9
B.Disaster Specific Overview..............................................................................................10
1. 2020 Wildfires...............................................................................................................10
2. August and September Wildfires (DR-4558)................................................................10
3. September, October, and November Wildfires (DR-4569)...........................................11
C. Ongoing Threat.............................................................................................................11
D. Anticipated Unmet Recovery Needs.............................................................................12
Proposed Uses of CDBG-DR Funds...........................................................................................14
II. Needs Assessment..............................................................................................................15
A.Background......................................................................................................................15
B.Summary of Disaster Impacts..........................................................................................18
C. HUD-Designated Most Impacted and Distressed Areas..............................................19
1. Expanding MID Zip Codes to Full Counties..................................................................10
D. Demographic Profile of Impacted Counties..................................................................13
E.Impacts on Low-and Moderate-Income Populations.......................................................13
1. Social Vulnerability Index (SOVI).................................................................................13
F. Housing Impact................................................................................................................17
1. Cost Burdened Households..........................................................................................17
2. Persons Experiencing Homelessness..........................................................................19
3. Mobile Housing Units....................................................................................................23
4. Social and Public Service Programs............................................................................25
5. Insurance......................................................................................................................30
G. Impact on Vulnerable Populations................................................................................32
1. Race.............................................................................................................................32
2. Ethnicity........................................................................................................................35
3. Households with Children.............................................................................................38
4. Population with Disabilities...........................................................................................40
5. Population 65 and Older...............................................................................................43
6. Population with Limited English Proficiency.................................................................46
H. Analysis of Housing Unmet Need.................................................................................49
1. Overview of Data Sources............................................................................................49
1
2.Limitations of Data........................................................................................................50
3. FEMA Individual Assistance.........................................................................................52
4. Small Business Administration Loans..........................................................................69
5. Summary of Housing Impacts......................................................................................70
6. Cost of Reconstruction.................................................................................................71
7. CAL FIRE Alternative Methodology..............................................................................72
I. Infrastructure Unmet Need...............................................................................................73
1. FEMA Public Assistance Overview..............................................................................73
2. Hazard Mitigation Grant Program.................................................................................75
J. Economic Revitalization Unmet Need..............................................................................78
Affirmatively Further Fair Housing.......................................................................................82
Racially and Ethnically Concentrated Areas of Poverty.......................................................83
Poverty Rate........................................................................................................................85
Housing Tenure...................................................................................................................88
Median Housing Value.........................................................................................................90
Gross Rent...........................................................................................................................91
Educational Attainment........................................................................................................92
Impacts on Low-and Moderate-Income (LMI) Populations.................................................94
HUD Income Limits..............................................................................................................97
Impact on Housing...............................................................................................................99
K.Mitigation Needs Assessment........................................................................................100
1. Overview.....................................................................................................................100
2. Mitigation Funding Background..................................................................................101
3. Method........................................................................................................................102
4. State Hazard Mitigation Plan......................................................................................103
5. Primary Hazard Rankings -2020 Impacted Counties................................................104
6. ....................................................108
7. Local Hazard Mitigation Plans....................................................................................134
8. Risk Assessment........................................................................................................140
9. Relevant State Laws and Programs...........................................................................143
10. -2022 Budget................................................................................148
11. Statewide Plan Alignment for Equitable Recovery from Disasters.........................148
III. General Requirements...................................................................................................150
A.Citizen Participation.......................................................................................................150
B.Outreach and Engagement............................................................................................150
2
1.Stakeholder Consultation...........................................................................................151
2. Stakeholder Meetings and Public Hearings................................................................153
3. Tribal Partners............................................................................................................156
4. Limited English Proficiency.........................................................................................156
C. Complaints..................................................................................................................156
D. Public Website............................................................................................................157
E.Substantial Amendments...............................................................................................157
F. Non-Substantial Amendments.......................................................................................158
G. Consideration of Public Comments............................................................................158
H. Displacement of Persons or Entities...........................................................................159
I. Protection of People and Property.................................................................................160
J. Appeals Process............................................................................................................164
K.Contractor Standards.....................................................................................................165
L.Preparedness, Mitigation, and Resiliency......................................................................166
M. Cost Controls for Cost-Reasonableness....................................................................167
N. Duplication of Benefits Review...................................................................................167
O. Fair Housing...............................................................................................................167
P.Demonstrable Hardship.................................................................................................168
Q. Not Suitable for Rehabilitation....................................................................................168
IV.Grantee Proposed Use of Funds...................................................................................168
A.Connection of Programs to Unmet Needs.....................................................................168
1. Unmet Needs and Proposed Programs......................................................................168
B.Allocation of Funds.........................................................................................................169
C. National Objective......................................................................................................169
D. Program Budget.........................................................................................................170
E.Leveraging Funds..........................................................................................................170
F. Program Allocations.......................................................................................................171
1. Method of Distribution.................................................................................................171
2. Criteria to Determine Method of Distribution..............................................................171
3. HCD Administered......................................................................................................172
4. Subrecipient Administered..........................................................................................173
5. Reimbursement Payments to Subrecipients..............................................................173
6. Program Income.........................................................................................................173
7. Recapture...................................................................................................................174
8. Eligible Geographic Areas..........................................................................................174
3
G.Housing Recovery Programs......................................................................................174
1. Owner Occupied Housing Rehabilitation and Reconstruction Program.....................175
2. Homebuyer Assistance Program................................................................................183
3. Multifamily Housing Program (MHP)..........................................................................184
H. Infrastructure Recovery Program...............................................................................193
1. FEMA Public Assistance Program (PA) Match...........................................................194
I. Mitigation Program.........................................................................................................196
1. OOR Mitigation...........................................................................................................199
2. MHP Mitigation...........................................................................................................199
V. Administration and Planning..............................................................................................200
A.Application Status..........................................................................................................200
B.Program Budget.............................................................................................................202
C. Program Income.........................................................................................................202
D. Projection of Expenditures and Outcomes.................................................................203
E.Certification and Risk Analysis.......................................................................................203
VI.Appendices....................................................................................................................204
A.CDBG-DR Certifications.................................................................................................204
B.Summary and Response of Public Comments..............................................................206
C. Common Acronyms....................................................................................................206
D. Standard Form 424.....................................................................................................206
4
List of Figures
Figure 1: Unmet Need Calculation HUD Methodology............................................................13
Figure 2: Unmet Needs Calculation Alternative Methodology.................................................13
Figure 3: 2020 CDBG-DR Action Plan Total Allocation and Program Funding by Program Type
....................................................................................................................................................15
Figure4: FEMA IA Declared Counties DR-4558 and DR-4569...............................................16
Figure 5: FEMA DR-4558 Disaster Declaration Areas................................................................17
Figure 6: DR-4569 Disaster Declaration Areas...........................................................................18
Figure 7: HUD Most Impacted and Distressed Counties and Zip Codes....................................19
Figure 8: HUD Most Impacted and Distressed Zip Codes and Counties....................................10
Figure 9: Expanded List of Most Impacted and Distressed Counties.........................................10
Figure 10: Most Impacted and Distressed Areas 2020 Disasters............................................11
Figure 11: Map of Expanded MID Areas for 2020 Disasters......................................................12
Figure 12: 4558 Social Vulnerability Index..................................................................................14
Figure 13: 4569 Social Vulnerability Index..................................................................................15
Figure 14: SOVI Ranking and FEMA IA Major/Severe Properties Northern CA......................16
Figure 15: SOVI Ranking and FEMA IA Major/Severe Properties Southern CA.....................17
Figure 16: 4558 Cost Burdened Households..............................................................................18
Figure 17: 4569 Cost burden......................................................................................................19
Figure 18: 4558 Point-In Time Homeless Population 2020........................................................19
Figure 19: 4569 Point-in Time Homeless Population 2020.........................................................20
Figure 20: 4558 Point-In Time Homeless Population by Shelter Status 2020............................21
Figure 21: 4569 Point-In Time Homeless Population by Shelter Status 2020............................22
Figure 22:4558 Percent Housing Mobile Homes.......................................................................24
Figure 23: 4569 Percent Housing Mobile Homes.......................................................................25
Figure 24: Case Management Caseloads and Closures............................................................26
Figure 25: DR-4558 Case Management Vulnerabilities..............................................................26
Figure 26: DR-4569 Case Management Vulnerabilities..............................................................27
Figure 27: Case Management Housing Goals............................................................................27
Figure 28: DR-4558 Case Management Needs..........................................................................28
Figure 29: DR-4569 Case Management Needs..........................................................................29
Figure 30: D-SNAP Applicants for DR-4558 & DR-4569............................................................30
Figure 31: Residential Insurance Claims for DR-4558 & DR-4569.............................................31
Figure 32 Demographics by Race for DR-4558 Counties........................................................32
Figure 33: Demographics by Race for DR-4569 Counties..........................................................33
Figure 34: Percent Black or African American Population Map Northern CA..........................34
Figure 35: Percent Black or African American Population Map Southern CA.........................35
Figure 36: Percent Hispanic or Latino Population for DR-4558 Counties...................................36
Figure 37: Percent Hispanic or Latino Population for DR-4569 Counties...................................37
Figure 38: Percent Hispanic or Latino Population Northern CA...............................................37
Figure 39: Percent Hispanic or Latino Population Southern CA..............................................38
Figure 40: 4558 Households with Children.................................................................................39
Figure 41: 4569 Households with Children.................................................................................40
Figure 42: 4558 Population With a Disability..............................................................................41
Figure 43: 4569 Population with a Disability...............................................................................42
Figure 44: Persons with Disability Map Northern CA...............................................................42
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Figure 45: Persons With Disabilities Map Southern CA...........................................................43
Figure 46: 4558 Elderly population.............................................................................................44
Figure 47: 4569 Elderly Population.............................................................................................44
Figure 48: Elderly Population Map Northern CA......................................................................45
Figure 49: Elderly Population Map Southern CA.....................................................................46
Figure 50: 4558 Population with Limited English Proficiency.....................................................47
Figure 51: 4569 Population with Limited English Proficiency.....................................................47
...............48
Figure 53: 4569 ................49
Figure 54: Total FEMA IA Registrations by Disaster..................................................................53
Figure 55: Total FEMA IA Registrations For 4558 And 4569......................................................54
Figure 56: FEMA Individual Assistance by Renter and Owner...................................................55
Figure 57:Average FEMA IA Verified Loss Over $0 by County..............................................56
Figure 58: FEMA IA Renters, Loss Over $0 with Personal Property Damage, by HUD Damage
Category.....................................................................................................................................57
Figure 59: FEMA IA Renters, Loss Over $0 With Personal Property Damage, By HUD Damage
Category.....................................................................................................................................57
Figure 60: Low and Moderate Income Renters With a FEMA Verified Loss by County..............58
Figure 61: Low and Moderate Income Renters by HUD Income Category.................................59
Figure 62: FEMA IA Owners with Real Property Over $0 by Damage Category........................60
Figure 63: FEMA IA Owners With Real Property Over $0 by Damage Category Major/Severe
Only.............................................................................................................................................61
Figure 64: Renter Households by HUD Income Category..........................................................62
Figure 65:LMI Owner By Income Over $0 Real Property Loss, With Income......................63
Figure 66: Low Income Renter and Owner Characteristics........................................................63
Figure 67: FEMA IA With Major/Severe Damage Northern CA...............................................64
Figure 68: FEMA IA With Major/Severe Damage Southern CA...............................................65
Figure69: Over 65, Total Verified Loss Over $0........................................................................65
Figure 70: CAL FIRE 2020 Disaster Damage Survey by Structure Type...................................66
Figure 71: CAL FIRE Damage Survey Residential Structures Only by Damage Category.....67
Figure 72: CAL FIRE Single Family Properties Destroyed in 2020 Disasters..........................68
Figure 73: SBA Home Loan Applications and Verified Loss by County DR-4558...................69
Figure 74: SBA Home Loan Applications and Verified Loss by County DR-4569...................70
Figure 75: SBA Ratio..................................................................................................................71
Figure 76: Housing Unmet Need HUD Methodology...............................................................71
Figure 77: Average Cost of Reconstruction for Stick Built Homes from Solution 1 of 2017-2018
CDBG-DR OOR Program...........................................................................................................72
Figure 78: CDBG-DR Multi family Housing Program Cost Per Unit............................................72
Figure 79: FEMA PA For DR-4558.............................................................................................73
Figure 80: FEMA PA Local Share Only for DR-4558 by Category.............................................74
Figure 81: FEMA PA For DR-4569.............................................................................................74
Figure 82: FEMA PA Local Share Only for DR-4569 by Category.............................................74
Figure 83: HMGP Program Applications and Local Match DR-4569.......................................75
Figure 84: HMGP Program Applications and Local Match DR-4558.......................................76
Figure 85: HMGP Applications For 4569 And 4558 As Of February 2022 (In FEMA Review)76
Figure 86: Total SBA Business Loans Approved........................................................................78
Figure 87: SBA Applicant Breakdown, EIDL and Business Loans DR-4569...........................79
6
Figure 88: SBA Applicant Breakdown, EIDLand Business Loans DR-4558...........................80
Figure 89: SBA Economic Injury Disaster Loan, DR-4569.........................................................80
Figure 90: SBA Economic Injury Disaster Loan, DR-4558.........................................................80
Figure 91: EIDL And Business Loans DR-4558.......................................................................81
Figure 92: EIDL and Business Loans DR4569........................................................................81
Figure 93: RECAP Areas And FEMA IA Major/Severe Properties Northern CA......................84
Figure 94: RECAP Areas And FEMA IA Major/Severe Properties Southern CA.....................85
Figure 95: 4558 Poverty Rate By County...................................................................................86
Figure 96: 4569 Poverty Rate by County....................................................................................86
Figure 97: Poverty Rate Map Northern CA..............................................................................87
Figure 98: Poverty Rate Map Southern CA.............................................................................88
Figure 99: 4558 Housing Tenure by County...............................................................................89
Figure 100: 4569 Housing Tenure By County.............................................................................89
Figure 101: 4558 Median House Value Owner Occupied Housing.........................................90
Figure 102: 4569 Median House Value Owner OccupiedHousing.........................................90
Figure 103: 4558 Median Gross Rent.........................................................................................91
Figure 104: 4569 Median Gross Rent.........................................................................................91
Figure 105: 4558 Educational Attainment...................................................................................92
Figure 106: 4569 Educational Attainment...................................................................................92
Figure 107: Population Without A College Degree Map Northern CA.....................................93
Figure 108: Population Without A College Degree Map Southern CA.....................................94
Figure 109: 4558 LMI Population Data By County......................................................................95
Figure 110: 4569 LMI Population Data By County......................................................................95
Figure 111: Low-And Moderate-Income Population MAP Northern CA.................................96
Figure 112: Low-and Moderate-Income Population Map Southern CA.................................97
Figure 113: Statewide Income Limits..........................................................................................98
Figure 114: 4558 Income Limits..................................................................................................98
Figure 115: 4569 HUD Income Limits.........................................................................................99
Figure 116: MID Residential Insurance Claims for DR-4558 and DR-4569................................99
Figure 117: 2020 Declared Disasters and Most Impacted and Distressed Areas....................102
Figure 118: State of California Primary Hazard Grouping........................................................104
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Figure 119: Primary Hazard Ranking, by 2020 Impacted Counties.........................................104
Figure 120: 2020 Impacted Counties by State of California Primary Hazards..........................106
Figure 121: State of California Other Hazards of Concern.......................................................106
Figure 122: LHMPs Year Approved and Year Expired.............................................................107
Figure 123: Earthquake Shaking Hazard Affecting Buildings...................................................109
Figure 124: Probability of Earthquake Magnitude 6.7 or Greater Occurring in 30 years, by
Region.......................................................................................................................................110
Figure 125: Flood Hazards in California...................................................................................111
Figure 126: FEMA Flood Insurance Rate Map.........................................................................112
Figure 127: Fire Hazard Severity Zones in State Responsibility Areas....................................115
Figure 128: Wildfire Threat Areas.............................................................................................116
Figure 129: Air Pollution MID Northern CA............................................................................119
Figure 130: Air Pollution MID -Central CA...............................................................................120
Figure 131: Air Pollution MID -Los Angeles.............................................................................121
Figure 132: Exposure to Cleanup Sites MID Northern CA.....................................................122
Figure 133: Exposure to Cleanup Sites MID -Central CA........................................................123
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Figure 134: Exposure to Cleanup Sites MID -Los Angeles......................................................124
Figure 135: Drinking Water Contaminants MID Northern CA................................................125
Figure 136: Drinking Water Contaminants MID -Central CA...................................................126
Figure 137: Drinking Water Contaminants MID -Los Angeles.................................................127
Figure 138: Solid Waste Sites MID Northern CA...................................................................128
Figure 139: Solid Waste Sites MID -Central CA......................................................................129
Figure 140: Solid Waste Sites MID -Los Angeles....................................................................130
Figure 141: Responsibility Areas by Agency............................................................................131
Figure 142: BIA Land Area Representations Northern CA....................................................133
Figure 143: BIA Land Area Representations Southern CA....................................................134
Figure 144: Local Hazard Mitigation Plans -Top Hazards.......................................................135
Figure 145: Statewide Risk and Exposure, May 2022..............................................................136
Figure 146: Summary of General Plan Safety Elements..........................................................136
Figure 147: FEMA Community Lifelines Components..............................................................140
Figure 148: Statewide Hazards by Community Lifeline (1 of 2)................................................141
Figure 149: Statewide Hazards by Community Lifeline (2 of 2)................................................141
Figure 150: 2020 Disaster Impacted Counties with Community Wildfire Protection Plans.......142
Figure151: Recovery Needs by County from 2020 Disasters..................................................153
Figure 152: Fire Hazard Severity Zones in State Responsibility Areas....................................162
Figure 153: 2020 CDBG-DR Action Plan Total Allocation and Program Funding by Program
Type..........................................................................................................................................170
Figure 154: CBDG-DR Owner-Occupied Housing Program Applicant Prioritization Tiers........181
Figure 155: Multifamily Housing Program NOFA Regional Set-Asides....................................187
Figure 156: Multifamily Housing Program Maximum Per-Unit Subsidy Limits (As of April 2022)
..................................................................................................................................................189
Figure 157: 2020 CDBG-DR Action Plan Budget by Total and Programs................................202
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I.Executive Summary
A.Overview
InFebruary 2022, the U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development (HUD) announced
that the State of California will receive$201,046,000 in funding to support long-term recovery
efforts following the wildfires of 2020.These funds were made availableundertheDisaster
Relief Supplemental Appropriations Act, 2022 (Pub. L. 117-43),andallocated to the state
through the publication of the Federal RegisterNotice, FR-6303-N-01(FRN).The total amount
of$231,203,000 allocatedto California, to support recovery and infrastructure,includes awards
of$201,046,000 for disaster recoveryactivities and $30,157,000for mitigation activities.
The President issued two major disaster declarationsfor California in 2020, DR-4558 and DR-
4569, which together refer to the impact of more than 9,900 fires that swept through the state
between August and November of that year.
After the President declares a major disaster, Congress may appropriate Community
Development Block Grant-Disaster Recovery (CDBG-DR) fundingto HUD to support recovery
projects and activitiesin areas most impacted by a disaster.CDBG-DR funding is designed to
address significant unmet needs in housing, economic development, infrastructure, and
services programs after all other assistance has been exhausted.
The California Department of Housing and Community Development (HCD) is the lead and
responsible agency for administering the CDBG-DR funds allocated to the State of California.
HCD strives to ensure that every Californian has a safe, stable, and affordable home. However,
California is in a housing crisis a half century in the making. After decades of underproduction,
housing supply is far behind need leading to soaring housing prices and rents. Disaster
ongoing housing crisisdisproportionately impacts and highlights the historical disadvantages of
Black, Indigenous and People of Color, vulnerable populations, and federally protected classes.
This Action Planthe collective local and statewide impact ofthe
2020 disastersDR-4558 and DR-4569, the unmet needs listed above
allocating funding to recovery projects and programs in theareasmost impacted and distressed
by the disasters.HCD commits to directingatleast70percent,$161,842,100,of the total 2020
grant allocation,$231,203,000, tobenefit lowand moderate income (LMI) individuals or areas in
accordance with Section 103 of the Housing and Community Development Act. HCD also
commits to directing no less than 80 percent,$184,962,400,of the total allocation to benefit
HUD-identified most impacted and distressed areas (MID). The MID areas are further described
in the Unmet Needs Assessment section.
To streamlinethe recovery processand hasten recovery activities, HUD included waivers,
alternative and additional requirements, and clarifications for CDBG-DR expenditures in the
FRN.HCD has addressed these changes throughout this document.
9
B.Disaster Specific Overview
1.2020 Wildfires
The
1
history.A%In January and Februaryof 2020, California experienced one of the driest periods on
record for that time of year, followed by a mass die-off of trees across the state.While
consistent rain in March and Aprilalleviated drought conditions, the risk of wildfires remained
high for both Northern and Southern California, and the state braced for the summer.
In mid-August 2020, a series of massive and severe summer thunderstorms over Northern
California caused a siege of dry lightning, which sparked the first fireofthe record-breaking and
devastating season.By the end of the year, more than 9,900 fires had claimed 33 lives, burned
through an estimated 4,304,379 acres, destroyed or damaged over 11,000structures, and
2
resulted in over $12billion in damages.@%
The President issued the first of twomajor disaster declarations(DR-4558)in August of 2020,
which designated 15 countiesas eligible forimmediate aid. In October, afteranother wave of
, the President issued a second
3
declaration (DR-4569), covering 10 counties.?%
2.August and September Wildfires (DR-4558)
On August 16, 2020, an
unprecedented number of lightning strikes were recorded over California.During the first hours
of the storm, approximately 2,500 lightning strikes hit the Bay Area; within the next 96 hours,
4
more than 12,000 lightning strikes were recorded over California.>%The siege ignited650 fires
across Northern California, which proliferated and intersected to produce three massive
wildfires: the SCU Lightning Complex, the August Complex, and the LNU Lightning Complex.
On September 10, 2020, the August Complex fire set a record for the single-largest wildfire in
acres.
1
California Department of Forestry and Fire Protection(CALFIRE)
Incident Archive, n.d. https://www.fire.ca.gov/incidents/2020/.
2
California Department of Forestry and Fire Protection (CAL FIRE) .
n.d., https://www.fire.ca.gov/media/0fdfj2h1/2020_redbook_final.pdf.
3
Ibid.
4
Times,August 23, 2020.https://www.latimes.com/california/story/2020-08-23/dry-lightning-northern-california-fire-
scourge.
10
The President granted a major disaster declaration for the State of California on August 20,
2020. The declaration, FEMA DR-4558, spanned an incident period from August 14, 2020
5
November 17, 2020.=%
3.September, October, and November Wildfires (DR-4569)
Asthe state battled the first onslaughtintolateSeptember,a record-breaking heat wave and
katabatic winds whipped smaller ignitions into new megafiresthatimpactedFresno, Los
Angeles, Madera, Mendocino, Napa, San Bernadino, San Diego, Shasta, Siskiyou, and Sonoma
Counties.The new waveprompted a second major disaster declarationon October 16, 2020,
and spanned an incident period from September 4, 2020,to November 17, 2020.
C.Ongoing Threat
Thedisasters of 2020werefollowed closelybyyet another historic fire season in 2021, when
ongoing drought, extreme heat, reduced snowpack, and vastly diminished tree mass ignited an
unusually early wildfire season in California.By July of 2021,fires had burned more than three
times as many acrescompared to the previous year.The President issued a major disaster
declaration for Northern California in August of 2021,asthe state was facing "unprecedented
fire conditions" as new ignitions and megafiresraged on.The 2021 wildfire season ultimately
sparked approximately 8,600 firesandburned about 2.5million acres, compared with 10.1
6
million in 2020.<%
Thistrend shows no sign of slowing. According to broadscientific consensus, the frequency and
7
severity of wildfires inNorth Americaare increasing due to climate change.;%In California,
climate change impactsthat contribute to wildfire riskinclude sustained and widespread
drought,massive reductionsin tree and vegetation coverage,increased severity of seasonal
katabatic winds, and others. The state experienced its second driest water year on record in
2021, and as ofMay 2022, all 58counties in the state are under a drought emergency
proclamation.
-incremental transition between
very dry and ve
5
Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA).-4558-FEMA.gov, n.d.
https://www.fema.gov/disaster/4558.
6
Incident Archive, n.d. https://www.fire.ca.gov/incidents/2021/.
7
Miller, Rebecca.
https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/climate-change-is-central-to-californias-wildfires/.
11
climate change will make forests more susceptible to extreme wildfires, especially if greenhouse
8
gas emissions continue to rise.
Meanwhile, anthropogenic factors such as ignitions, infrastructure, and development at the
wildland-urban interfaceincrease both the likelihood of future wildfires and
exposure to those hazards. Approximately 85 percent of all fire ignitions in California are the
result of human activity, with the rest due to lightning.
Veriskmost-recently updated FireLine Risk Report, whichanalyzes wildfire risktoresidential
structuresby examining principal factors like flammable vegetation, topography,fire response,
infrastructure, and wind patterns,shows that 2 million housing units
totalare at high and extreme risk of wildfire. Another 1.6 million, or 12 percent, are at
9
moderate risk.
While the breadth and severity of the 2020 wildfires are astonishing for a single event, the
devastation and disruption compound when placed on a timeline alongside previous and
subsequentdisaster declarations, ongoing intermittent firesandflooding,and the enormous
impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on
D.Anticipated UnmetRecovery Needs
Giventheprofound destruction and disruptionwrought by the 2020 wildfires on the State of
California, unmet needs in the statMost Impacted and Distressed areas (MID)remain
significant.HCD is committed toaddressing these needs viapursuing additional resources,
including additional CDBG-DR funding, and leveraging other resources to support the statewide
recovery effort. In addition, HCD continues tocoordinate closely with local, state, and federal
partners to collect and analyze data, identify resources, and understand how
unmet needs evolve over time.
The following figure provides a summary of disaster impacts from DR-4558and DR-4569using
February 3, 2022,Federal
10
Register Notice.
8
State of California,
California Natural Resources Agencyrnia Climate
Assessment, August 27, 2018. http://www.climateassessment.ca.gov/.
9
https://www.verisk.com/insurance/visualize/verisk-2021-wildfire-risk-analysis-provides-updated-data-on-rising-threat/.
10
Department of Housing and UrbanDevelopment (HUD).Allocations for Community Development Block Grant
Disaster Recovery and Implementation of the CDBGDR Consolidated Waivers and Alternative Requirements
NoticeFederal Register Vol. 87, No.23(February 3, 2022):6364. https://www.govinfo.gov/content/pkg/FR-2022-02-
03/pdf/2022-02209.pdf
12
F IGURE 1:U NMET N EED C ALCULATION HUDM ETHODOLOGY
Percentof
TypeData SourceTotal ImpactTotal ResourcesUnmet NeedTotal
Allocation
FEMA Public
Assistance
Infrastructure$53,722,462$43,649,500.37$10,072,961.632%
(Category C-G
Only)
FEMA Hazard
InfrastructureMitigation Grant $92,820,363$66,479,431$26,340,9325%
Program
FEMA Individual
Housing$506,090,564$42,523,200$463,567,36480%
Assistance
EconomicSBA-Business$86,171,242$7,295,400$78,875,84214%
Total-$738,804,631$159,947,531.37$578,857,099.63100%
While the table above provides an unmet needs calculation based on the methodology outlined
in the Federal Register Notice. The State of California submits the following unmet needs
calculation using theCaliforniaDepartment of Forestry and Fire Protection (CAL FIRE)
damage survey. Further details of the methodology used can be found in the Unmet Needs
section of the document. This methodology uses a property by property survey conducted post-
disaster of all destroyed properties, which presents a more accurate picture of the unmet
recovery needs that FEMA Individual Assistance (FEMA IA) which impacted residents must
register for.
F IGURE 2:U NMET N EEDS C ALCULATION A LTERNATIVE M ETHODOLOGY
% of Total
TypeData SourceTotal ImpactTotal ResourcesUnmet Need
Allocation
FEMA Public
Assistance
Infrastructure$53,722,462$43,649,500.37$10,072,961.631%
(Category C-G
Only)
FEMA Hazard
InfrastructureMitigation Grant $92,820,363$66,479,431$26,340,9322%
Program
CAL FIRE
Housing$1,237,714,545$42,523,200$1,195,191,34591%
Damage Survey
EconomicSBA-Business$86,171,242$7,295,400$78,875,8426%
Total$1,470,428,612$159,947,531.37$1,310,481,080.63100%
13
Proposed Uses of CDBG-DRFunds
HCD proposes the following programs to address the 2020 disasters:
1.Housing Programs
Owner-Occupied Reconstruction Program(OOR)
The program will provide rehabilitation or reconstruction assistance to eligible applicants based
on the extent of damage to their primary residences. All projects will incorporate wildfire
mitigation measures including the use of ignition-resistant building materials and the creation of
defensible space, reducing risk from future wildfire disasters.
OOR Mitigation Program
All projects will incorporate wildfire mitigation measures including the use of ignition-resistant
building materials and the creation of defensible space, reducing risk from future wildfire
disasters.
Homebuyer Assistance Program(HBA)
HBA will be a standalone program run by HCD with the assistance of either a state agency
partner or a procured contractorand will provide down payment and other housing assistance to
low-to moderate-income disaster impacted homeowners, enabling them to relocate outside of
high-risk areas or the disaster declared areas.
Multifamily HousingProgram(MHP)
The Multi-Family Housing Program (MHP) is designed to meet the unmet rental housing need,
including the needs of individuals displaced from rental mobile homes, single-family and
multifamily rental units, as well as individuals made homeless as a result from the disaster.
Multifamily projects include apartment complexes and mixed-use developments. These
developments are also intended to help replace rental housing units available to Housing
Choice Voucher holders that were lost. The objective of the CDBG-DR funds is to provide
necessary gap financing for the development of rental housing units in the HUD MID areas from
DR-4558 and DR-4569.
Multifamily Mitigation Program
Theprogram will provide hardening, wildfire retrofitting, of multifamily units to withstand future
disasters by increasing resilience to future wildfires and reducing or eliminating the long-term
risk of loss of life, injury, damage to and loss of property, and suffering and hardship.
2.Federal Emergency Management AgencyPublic Assistance Match Program
(FEMA PA)
The Infrastructure Program aligns infrastructure investments with other planned federal funds in
that the CDBG-DR funds will be used to fund the non-federal share match on approved FEMA
Public Assistance (PA) projects.
14
F IGURE 3:2020CDBG-DRA CTION P LAN T OTAL A LLOCATION AND P ROGRAM F UNDING BY
P ROGRAM T YPE
2020 CDBG-DR Action Plan Total Allocation$231,203,000Program %
Administration$11,560,1505%
2020 Total Funding CDBG-DR (with administration)$201,046,00087%
2020 Total Funding Mitigation Set-Aside (with
$30,157,00013%
administration)
CDBG-DR Program Funding$190,993,700
Housing Programs$183,353,95296%
Multifamily Housing Program$128,347,76670%
Owner Occupied Housing Program$45,838,48825%
Homebuyer Assistance Program$9,167,6985%
Infrastructure Programs$7,639,7484%
FEMA PA Match$7,639,748100%
Mitigation Set-Aside Program Funding$28,649,15015%
Owner Occupied Housing Mitigation Program$21,486,86375%
Multifamily Housing Mitigation$7,162,28725%
II.Needs Assessment
The State of California completed the following needs assessment to identify the effects, long-
term needs, and priorities for CDBG-DR funding allocated as a result of the 2020 disasters. The
two presidentially declared disasters covered by this needs assessment include the FEMA
declarations DR-4568 and DR-4569.
The needs assessment includes specific details about unmet needs within the eligible and Most
Impacted and Distressed communities. This includes details for housing, infrastructure, and
economic revitalization. This assessment takes into consideration pre-disaster needs in addition
to unmet recovery needs resulting from the 2020 disaster. It discusses additional types of
assistance that may be available to affected communities and individuals, such as insurance,
other federal assistance or other possible funding sources.
HCD understands that additional information may become available, and anticipates that if
additional funds are allocated, there may be a different methodology for the distribution offunds.
Adjustments to the Action Plan may be needed as a result of additional data or modified
distribution methods; HCD will amend this assessment and the Action Plan as needed in the
future.
A.Background
The table below lists the counties that FEMA designatedforFEMA IAfollowing the wildfires of
2020,which were comprised of two FEMA disaster declarations: DR-4568 and DR-4569.FEMA
IA designation allows theindividuals and households in these counties to apply for financial and
direct services after a federallydeclared disaster. These jurisdictionsare also referred to as
-impacted counties.
15
F IGURE 4:FEMAIAD ECLARED C OUNTIES DR-4558 AND DR-4569
45584569
ButteFresno
LakeLos Angeles
LassenMadera
MendocinoMendocino
MontereyNapa
NapaSan Bernadino
San MateoSan Diego
Santa ClaraShasta
Santa CruzSiskiyou
SolanoSonoma
Sonoma
Stanislaus
Trinity
Tulare
Yolo
The following FEMA maps illustrate the federally declared disaster areas and the type of FEMA
funding approved for each impacted county for both DR-4558 and DR-4569.
16
F IGURE 5:FEMADR-4558D ISASTER D ECLARATION A REAS
17
F IGURE 6:DR-4569D ISASTER D ECLARATION A REAS
B.Summary of Disaster Impacts
Thescope and severity of damage wrought by the 2020 wildfires is difficult to overstate.The
2020 wildfire season ignited as the state was recovering from another historic fire season in
2017and 2018, whichimpacteddozens of counties acrossnorthern California.The2020
wildfires claimed31 lives, destroyed more than 10,000 buildings, burned more than 4percentof
prompted FEMA IA declarations for22 counties, and forced the
evacuation or displacement of tens of thousands of residents.
The 2020 fires financial resourcesand recovery
infrastructure, which were already beleaguered by the slew of earlier fire and fire-related
environmental disasters and the global COVID-19 pandemic.According to the National
Interagency Fire Center, Federal wildfire suppression costs in the United States have spiked
from an annual average of about $425 million from 1985 to 1999 to $1.6 billion from 2000 to
2019.In California, suppression costs have nearly doubled over the last decade from the
previous one, with CAL FIRE estimating $700 million in spending for the 2019/2020 fiscal
18
22
year.
As California prepares for the 2022 fire season, the effects of climate change show no signs of
slowing, and areas already damaged by earlier fires and those vulnerable to future disasters are
bracing for continued challenges. The fires and megafires that comprised DR-4558 and DR-
4569 only further highlight the need for both disaster recovery and mitigation funding, planning,
All of these impacts further exacerbated the existing housing crisis in California. Communities
impacted by the 2020 wildfires had near zero housing vacancies prior to disasters, limiting
options for disaster survivors for either temporary or more long-term housing options. High
housing costs resulted in rent-burdenedhouseholds and many who live precariously close to
homelessness.
C.HUD-Designated Most Impacted and Distressed Areas
HUD requires that 80 percent of CDBG-DR funding be spent within areas designated as Most
12
Impacted and Distressed(MID areas). HUD determines MID areasusing the following factors:
Areas where FEMA has determined the damage was sufficient to declare the disaster a
eligible to receive Individual and Households Program(IHP) funding
Areas with concentrated damage defined as:
o Counties exceeding $10 million in serious unmet housing needsand most
impacted zip codes
o Zip codes with $2 million or more of serious unmet housing needs
o Disaster meeting the Most Impacted threshold
o One or more county that meets the definition of Most Impacted and Distressed
o An aggregate of Most Impacted zip codes of $10 million or more
HUD designated five countiesand nine zip codes asMIDareas from theDR-4558 and DR-4569
disasters.
F IGURE 7:HUDM OST I MPACTED AND D ISTRESSED C OUNTIES AND Z IP C ODES
Most Impacted and Most Impacted and
Distressed CountiesDistressed Zip Codes
Butte95448
Napa95688
Santa Cruz93602
Los Angeles93664
11
A Journal
-The Wildfire Crisis, November 1, 2021, https://www.nfpa.org/News-and-Research/Publications-and-media/NFPA-
Journal/2020/November-December-2020/Features/Wildfire.
12
HUD, Federal Register Vol. 87, No. 23 (February 3, 2022): 6364.
19
Siskiyou94558
-94574
-95404
95409
-
96047
-
1.Expanding MID Zip Codes to Full Counties
The Federal Register Notice provided clarification that, where HUD has identified an entire zip
code as a MID area for the purposes of allocating funds, a grantee may expand program
operations to the whole county or counties that overlap with that zipcode.
HCDproposesto expand eligibility to the county level for allnine identifiedzip codes. The figure
below lists each zip codewith its corresponding county. Napa County is the only jurisdiction not
already listed as a MID county by HUD.
F IGURE 8:HUDM OST I MPACTED AND D ISTRESSED Z IP C ODESAND C OUNTIES
HUD-Designated MID ZIP CodeOverlapping County
95448Sonoma County
95688Solano County
93602Fresno County
93664Fresno County
94558Napa County
94574Napa County
95404Sonoma County
95409Sonoma County
96047Shasta County
F IGURE 9:E XPANDED L IST OF M OST I MPACTED AND D ISTRESSED C OUNTIES
Expanded List of Eligible Counties(HUD-
identified MID counties and zip codes)
Butte
Fresno County
Napa
Santa Cruz
Los Angeles
Shasta
Siskiyou
10
Solano
Sonoma
F IGURE 10:M OST I MPACTED AND D ISTRESSED A REAS 2020D ISASTERS
11
F IGURE 11:M AP OF E XPANDED MIDA REAS FOR 2020D ISASTERS
12
D.Demographic Profile of Impacted Counties
Thecounties impacted by DR-4558 and DR-4569 represent a diverse range of demographics.
The geographic spread of the disasters across the State of Californiaresults in a wide range of
populations, geographies, housing inventories, resources, and challenges. Disaster impacted
counties include coastal, interior, mountainous, and desert geographies ranging from
southernmost county of San Diego to the northernmost county of Siskiyou. The counties
themselves represent a large range of populations from low population density, rural counties
like Trinity to dense, urban counties like Los Angeles.
The counties also exhibitdiffering needs regardingpopulations and access to resources. There
is a considerable disparitybetween the lowest median income counties (Siskiyou at $45,241) to
thehighest median income counties (Santa Clara at $124,055) and a similarly large difference
for housing values and gross rent. The following sectionshowsthatmany of theimpacted
th
counties rankamong the top 90percentile of vulnerability in the United States(Fresno,
Madera, Tulare), while othersfall intothe lowest quartile of vulnerability in the country (San
Mateo, Santa Clara, Sonoma). Some counties, like Monterey and Tulare,have special
challenges like a large limited English proficiency population, or a particularly large, unhoused
population like Los Angeles County.
Even the wealthiest, most well-resourced counties have pockets of vulnerability. For instance,
Napa County has the lowest poverty rate but still has 6.7 percent of the total population living in
poverty. Every county also has a significant portion ofpeople who may have additional
challenges or needs in disaster and disaster recovery, including homeless populations, people
over age 65, and people living with disabilities.
E.Impacts on Low-and Moderate-Income Populations
1.Social Vulnerability Index(SOVI)
The CDCs social vulnerability index is aranking system that combines 15 social factors
including poverty rate, unemployment rate, income, educational attainment, ages65 and older,
ages17 or younger, civilianswith a disability, single-parent households, minority, speaks
l,-unit structure, mobile homes, crowding, no vehicle, and group
13
quarters.
The CDC social vulnerability index is intended as a tool to help public health officials and local
planners better prepare forand respond to disastersbyestimating and planning forthe needs of
vulnerable populations. The SOVIcan help countiescalculatesupply and emergency personnel
needs to serve an area,identifyareas in need of emergency shelters, plan evacuation methods
for those without cars or withmobility issues, and identify or who may have special needs
13
ol
and Prevention, January 19, 2021),
https://www.atsdr.cdc.gov/placeandhealth/svi/documentation/SVI_documentation_2018.html.
13
regarding evacuation, and toidentify communities that may have access to greater resources
14
duringdisaster response andrecovery.
The percentile ranking represents the portion of counties nationwide that are equal to or lower in
vulnerability to the county. A higher ranking indicates higher vulnerability. For instance, a
percentile ranking of .75 means that 75percentof counties in the country are LESS vulnerable
and only 25percentare more vulnerable.
Themost vulnerable disaster impacted counties include Lake, Mendocino, Monterey,
Stanislaus, Tulare, Fresno, Los Angeles, Madera, and San Bernardino Counties which are all in
th
the top 70percentile vulnerability in the country. Tulare, Fresno, and Madera all rankin the top
th
90percentile.
F IGURE 12:4558S OCIAL V ULNERABILITY I NDEX
Overall SoVI®
County
Percentile Ranking
Butte61.4%
Lake71.9%
Lassen40.4%
Mendocino70.2%
Monterey73.7%
Napa33.3%
San Mateo12.3%
Santa Clara22.8%
Santa Cruz45.6%
Solano43.9%
Sonoma21.1%
Stanislaus86.8%
Trinity49.1%
Tulare94.7%
Yolo67.7%
Source: 2018 Center for Disease Control/Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry Social Vulnerability
Index
14
and Prevention, October15, 2020),
https://www.atsdr.cdc.gov/placeandhealth/svi/fact_sheet/pdf/SVI_FactSheet_v10152020-H.pdf
14
F IGURE 13:4569S OCIAL V ULNERABILITY I NDEX
Overall SoVI®
County
Percentile Ranking
Fresno93.0%
Los Angeles77.2%
Madera91.2%
Mendocino70.2%
Napa33.3%
SanBernardino82.5%
San Diego42.1%
Shasta47.4%
Siskiyou50.9%
Sonoma21.1%
Source: 2018 Center for Disease Control/Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry Social Vulnerability
Index
15
The maps below show the SOVI scores by Census Tract compared with FEMA Verified Losses
for both renter-occupied and owner-occupied households with major and severe damage.
F IGURE 14:SOVIR ANKING AND FEMAIAM AJOR/S EVERE P ROPERTIES N ORTHERN CA
Source: 2018 Center for Disease Control/Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry Social Vulnerability
Index, ESRI
16
F IGURE 15:SOVIR ANKING AND FEMAIAM AJOR/S EVERE P ROPERTIES S OUTHERN CA
Source: 2018 Center for Disease Control/Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry Social Vulnerability
Index, ESRI
F.Housing Impact
1.CostBurdened Households
HUD describes households that spend more than 30percentof their gross monthly income on
housing costs asCost-burdened households usually experiencegreater
15
struggles with other livingcosts like healthcare, food, transportation,andchildcare, and often
15
https://www.hcd.ca.gov/policy-research/specific-policy-areas/housing-transportation.shtml
17
16
lackadequate savings to spend onevacuation, shelter, or recoveryfrom disaster scenarios.
Due to financial insecurity, these households are often less able to recover or bounce back
quickly after a disaster.Every disaster impacted county population is atleast 43 percent cost
burdened. Butte, Monterey, Napa, Santa Cruz, Solano, Sonoma, Stanislaus, Trinity, Tulare,
Yolo, Fresno, Los Angeles, Napa, San Bernadino, San Diego, Shasta, and Sonoma County all
have populations that are at least 50 percent cost burdened.
F IGURE 16:4558C OST B URDENED H OUSEHOLDS
Number paying 30 Percent paying 30
CountyHouseholdspercent or more in percent or more in
housing costshousing costs
Butte34,98919,41455%
Lake8,6264,05347%
Lassen3,0101,30543%
Mendocino13,7976,82449%
Monterey 62,25533,09553%
Napa17,4298,70850%
San Mateo105,00048,62646%
Santa Clara279,110124,37345%
Santa Cruz38,25721,39156%
Solano57,71629,74452%
Sonoma72,98137,91352%
Stanislaus73,32236,62750%
Trinity1,84696052%
Tulare59,37230,63152%
Yolo35,98118,07850%
Source: U.S. Census Bureau, 2015-2019 American Community Survey, 5-Year Estimates
16
Ibid.
18
F IGURE 17:4569C OST BURDEN
Number paying 30%Percent paying
CountyHouseholdsor more in housing 30%or more in
costshousing costs
Fresno143,78276,22853%
Los Angeles1,797,279985,88455%
Madera16,1097,91549%
Mendocino13,7976,82449%
Napa17,4298,70850%
San Bernadino255,760139,72355%
San Diego 525,182286,02654%
Shasta25,63312,72950%
Siskiyou6,7313,15347%
Sonoma72,98137,91352%
Source: U.S. Census Bureau, 2015-2019 American Community Survey, 5-Year Estimates
2.Persons Experiencing Homelessness
Persons experiencing homelessness are especially vulnerable during disasters and require
additionalsupportduring disaster recovery. Lack of permanent addresses or limited digital
communications accesscan make locating and evacuating unhoused people very difficult,and
the trauma of a majordisaster can amplify any existing physical ormental health challenges.
Forpeoplealreadystruggling with housing and resource instability, a disaster and subsequent
displacementcan be disproportionately destructive.
Thetables below illustratea one-night count of unhoused people in each county. These counts
measuredthe number ofsheltered and unsheltered persons experiencing homelessness in
each of the continuum of care regions, some of which are shared by multiple counties. Some of
the counties share the same continuum of care regions and resources. Results of the one-night
count ranged from 261 persons (Colusa, Glenn, Trinity Counties CoC0 to 63,706 persons (Los
Angeles City and County CoC).
F IGURE 18:4558P OINT-I N T IME H OMELESS P OPULATION 2020
Impacted CoC 2020 Homeless
Continuum of Care Name
CountyNumberCount
ButteChico, Paradise/Butte County CoCCA-5191,274
LakeLake County CoCCA-529357
19
Redding/Shasta, Siskiyou, Lassen, Plumas, Del
LassenCA-5161,529
Norte, Modoc, Sierra Counties CoC
MendocinoMendocino County CoCCA-509751
Monterey Salinas/Monterey, San Benito Counties CoCCA-5062,683
NapaNapa City & County CoCCA-517464
SanMateoDaly City/San Mateo County CoCCA-5121,572
Santa ClaraSan Jose/Santa Clara City & County CoCCA-5009.605
Santa CruzWatsonville/Santa Cruz City & County CoCCA-5082,256
SolanoVallejo/Solano County CoCCA-5181,162
SonomaSanta Rosa, Petaluma/Sonoma County CoCCA-5042,745
StanislausTurlock, Modesto/Stanislaus County CoCCA-5102,107
TrinityColusa, Glenn, Trinity Counties CoCCA-523261
TulareVisalia/Kings, Tulare Counties CoCCA-5131,297
YoloDavis, Woodland/Yolo County CoCCA-521641
Source: HUD 2020 Continuum of Care Homeless Assistance Programs Homeless Populations and Subpopulations
Point-in Time County *The 2020 count took place in January 2020. This year was chosen because it counted the
unsheltered population while the 2021 counts likely undercounted due to COVID-19 limitation.
F IGURE 19:4569P OINT-IN T IME H OMELESS P OPULATION 2020
Impacted CoC 2020 Homeless
Continuum of Care Name
CountyNumberCount
FresnoFresno City & County/Madera County CoCCA-5143,641
Los AngelesLos Angeles City & County CoCCA-60063,706
MaderaFresno City & County/Madera County CoCCA-5143,641
Mendocino*Mendocino County CoCCA-509751
Napa*Napa City & County CoCCA-517464
San
San Bernardino City & County CoCCA-6093,125
Bernardino
San Diego San Diego City and County CoCCA-6017,638
Redding/Shasta, Siskiyou, Lassen, Plumas, Del
ShastaCA-5161,529
Norte, Modoc, Sierra Counties CoC
Redding/Shasta, Siskiyou, Lassen, Plumas, Del
SiskiyouCA-5161,529
Norte, Modoc, Sierra Counties CoC
Sonoma*Santa Rosa, Petaluma/Sonoma County CoCCA-5042,745
20
Source: HUD 2020 Continuum of Care Homeless Assistance Programs Homeless Populations and Subpopulations
Point-in TimeCounty *The 2020 count took place in January 2020. This year was chosen because it counted the
unsheltered population while the 2021 counts likely undercounted due to COVID-19 limitation.
Additional data from the same point-in time count reveals that themajority individuals seeking
shelter after disasters in impacted CoCs come fromunhoused populations.
F IGURE 20:4558P OINT-I N T IME H OMELESS P OPULATION BY S HELTER S TATUS 2020
Impacted Emergency Transitional
Continuum of Care NameUnsheltered
CountyShelterHousing
ButteChico, Paradise/Butte County CoC280156838
LakeLake County CoC813336
3581481,023
Redding/Shasta, Siskiyou, Lassen,
LassenPlumas, Del Norte, Modoc, Sierra
Counties CoC
MendocinoMendocino County CoC70106575
Salinas/Monterey, San Benito 3972881,998
Monterey
Counties CoC
NapaNapa City & County CoC12437303
San MateoDaly City/San Mateo County CoC514157901
San Jose/Santa Clara City & County 1,2454387,992
Santa Clara
CoC
Watsonville/Santa Cruz City & County 4031531,700
Santa Cruz
CoC
SolanoVallejo/Solano County CoC14585932
Santa Rosa, Petaluma/Sonoma 7383051,702
Sonoma
County CoC
Turlock, Modesto/Stanislaus County 8032171,087
Stanislaus
CoC
TrinityColusa, Glenn, Trinity Counties CoC6051150
TulareVisalia/Kings, Tulare Counties CoC205155937
YoloDavis, Woodland/Yolo County CoC20143397
Source: HUD 2020 Continuum of Care Homeless Assistance Programs Homeless Populations and Subpopulations
Point-in Time County
21
F IGURE 21:4569P OINT-I N T IME H OMELESS P OPULATION BY S HELTER S TATUS 2020
Impacted Emergency Transitional
Continuum of Care NameUnsheltered
CountyShelterHousing
FresnoFresno City & County/Madera County CoC8151452,681
Los AngelesLos Angeles City & County CoC14,0773,53946,090
MaderaFresno City & County/Madera County CoC8151452,681
MendocinoMendocino County CoC70106575
NapaNapa City & County CoC12437303
San
San Bernardino City & County CoC5371982,390
Bernardino
San DiegoSan Diego City and County CoC2,3071,3603,971
Redding/Shasta, Siskiyou, Lassen, Plumas,
Shasta3581481,023
Del Norte, Modoc, Sierra Counties CoC
Redding/Shasta, Siskiyou, Lassen, Plumas,
Siskiyou3581481,023
Del Norte, Modoc, Sierra Counties CoC
Santa Rosa, Petaluma/Sonoma County
Sonoma7383051,702
CoC
Source: HUD 2020 Continuum of Care Homeless Assistance Programs Homeless Populations and Subpopulations
Point-in Time County
Addressing homelessness is an ongoing challenge for communities across California, but the
state commits significant state resources for local governments including areas impacted by the
22-23 budget proposes $7.2 billion in 2021-2022 for nearly
17
30 homelessness related programs across state departments.HCD is a key agency in
implementing these programs from federally funded programs to newer programs like Project
Roomkey ($1.4 billion),designed to rapidly expand housing for persons experiences
18
homelessness who are at high-risk for COVID-19 and other communicable diseases.Other
19
HCD program resources available for persons experiencing homelessness include:
Emergency Solutions Grant Program-Grants to address homelessness by providing
funding for supportive services, emergency shelter/transitional housing, homelessness
prevention assistance, and permanent housing.
17
https://lao.ca.gov/Publications/Report/4521
18
2022, https://homekey.hcd.ca.gov/content/background
19
Programs: Active, Homelessness,
https://www.hcd.ca.gov/programs-active
22
HOME American Rescue Plan-Assists individuals or households at risk of, or
experiencing homelessness, and other vulnerable populations, by providing housing,
rental assistance, supportive services, and non-congregate shelter.
Housing for a Healthy California-Funds the creation and support of new and existing
permanent supportive housing for people who are experiencing chronic homelessness
or are homeless and high-cost health users.
Housing Navigators Program-Provides funds to counties for the support of housing
navigators to help young adults aged 18 to 21 years secure and maintain housing, with
priority given to young adults in the foster care system.
Multifamily Housing ProgramState program providing low-interest, long-term
deferred-payment loans for new construction, rehabilitation, and preservation of
permanent rental housing for lower-income households.
No Place Like Home-Funds the development of permanent supportive housing for
persons who are in need of mental health services and are experiencing homelessness,
chronic homelessness, or at risk of chronic homelessness.
Permanent Local Housing Allocation (PLHA)-Grant funding available to eligible local
governments in California for housing-related projects and programs that assist in
addressing the unmet housing needs of their local communities.
PetAssistance and Support (PAS) Program-Grant funds to homeless shelters for
pet shelter, food and basic veterinary services for pets owned by individuals
experiencing homelessness.
Transitional Housing Program-Funds to help young adults 18-24 years secure and
maintain housing, with priority given to those formerly in the foster care or probation
systems.
Veterans Housing and Homelessness Prevention Program-Long-term loans for
development or preservation of rental housing for very low-and low-income veterans
and their families.
While shelter, addressing homelessness, supportive housing, and other efforts remain needs for
areas impacted by the 2020 disasters, HCD proposes to utilize its proposed Multifamily to
create long-term housing solutions to add units for low-income individuals in disaster impacted
areas. The Outreach and Engagement section of this document provides additional detail on
consultations with renters and homeowners displaced by the 2020 disasters.
3.Mobile Housing Units
Mobile homes are more vulnerable to disasters than permanent residential structuresdue to
structural deficiencies and an increasedlikelihood of being in exposed, higher-riskareas.A
2020 case study of mobile home parks in flood-affected communities found that mobile home
parks faced unique disaster vulnerabilitiesdue to ahighconcentration socioeconomic instability,
23
stigmatization bylocal governmentand community, and exclusion or disenfranchisement during
20
post disaster recovery due to that stigmatization.
The tables below show the mobile home percentage ofthe residential housing stock of each
disaster impacted county.Mobile homes account for10 percent or more of the total housing
stock in Butte, Lake, Lassen, Trinity, Shasta, and Siskiyou counties and likely reflect a
substantial portion ofhomes damaged by the 2020 wildfires.
F IGURE 22:4558P ERCENT H OUSING M OBILE H OMES
Percent Housing
County
Units Mobile Homes
Butte11.9%
Lake22.0%
Lassen12.1%
Mendocino9.4%
Monterey 4.4%
Napa6.5%
San Mateo1.1%
Santa Clara2.9%
Santa Cruz5.9%
Solano2.6%
Sonoma5.0%
Stanislaus4.2%
Trinity20.7%
Tulare6.0%
Yolo4.4%
Source: U.S. Census Bureau, 2015-2019 American Community Survey, 5-Year Estimates
20
asters: Understanding
(American Society of Civil Engineers, January 21, 2020), https://ascelibrary.org/doi/abs/10.1061/(ASCE)NH.1527-
6996.0000357.
24
F IGURE 23:4569P ERCENT H OUSING M OBILE H OMES
Percent Housing
CountyUnits Mobile
Homes
Fresno3.5%
Los Angeles1.6%
Madera5.6%
Mendocino9.4%
Napa6.5%
San Bernadino5.3%
San Diego 3.4%
Shasta11.1%
Siskiyou11.1%
Sonoma5.0%
Source: U.S. Census Bureau, 2015-2019 American Community Survey, 5-Year Estimates
4.Social and PublicService Programs
Disasters exacerbate preexisting conditions in communities, and disproportionately affect
vulnerablepopulations.Deaths, injuries, and theloss of property or possessions due to
disasterscanmagnify ongoinghealth and mental health issues and createadditional challenges
these challenges by identifying vulnerable communities, providing financial and logistical
support, and promoting physical and mental wellness in communities throughout California.
Social service professionals act as advocates and service providers to underserved populations,
andconnectsurvivorswithcritical suppliesand services before, during, and after a disaster.
Social services directlymitigatetheimpacts of disasters on vulnerable populations, and help
communities recover stronger and faster. The following programs provide these services to
impacted communities across California, from the local to state level:
Case Management
Disaster Case Management is provided by local DCMP agencies throughout the state in the
disaster impacted counties. In more rural areas, multiple counties may be served by the same
organization. For instance, Northern Valley Catholic Social Services serves Trinity,Lassen,
Butte, Shasta, and Siskiyou. In previous disasters, the State was told what a significant effort it
desperately need help building capacity.
Catholic Charities of California, an organization thatcoordinatesthe Disaster Case
Management Program, provided the following table of case management activities and metrics
25
through February 9, 2022. The table shows that while disaster 4558 had more survivors,
disaster4569 had a higher caseload. 4558 closed about four times more cases which were
majority programmatic.
F IGURE 24:C ASE M ANAGEMENT C ASELOADS AND C LOSURES
Metric45584569Unassigned
Survivors1431907620
Caseload24050670
Waitlist163121189
Referrals
Number of Referrals Made26522327
Value$634,747$303,250$34,058
Closures
Total Survivors Closed1,027287361
The below tables regarding vulnerabilities of case management clients shows that DR-4558 saw
many cases in which people were uninsured/underinsured or dealing with housing insecurity,
poverty, or unemployment. DR-4569 saw many cases in which people spoke limited English,
were uninsured/underinsured, or dealing with unemployment or emotional distress. Disaster
DR-4569 had many more clients who spoke limited English (eighteen percent) than disaster
4558 (one percent).
F IGURE 25:DR-4558C ASE M ANAGEMENT V ULNERABILITIES
VulnerabilitiesNumberPercent
Uninsured/Underinsured39027%
Housing Insecurity30421%
Poverty20414%
Unemployment20314%
Urgent Basic Needs18613%
Elderly 65+16712%
Emotional Distress16311%
Disabled15111%
Isolated1128%
Functional Needs (AFN)1047%
SingleHead of Household604%
Safety Risk554%
Limited Info. Access514%
Immediate Medical Needs373%
26
Limited Transportation322%
Minor Child (w/o adult)161%
Limited Literacy161%
Limited English161%
F IGURE 26:DR-4569C ASE M ANAGEMENT V ULNERABILITIES
VulnerabilitiesNumberPercent
Limited English16018%
Uninsured/Underinsured14716%
Unemployment14616%
Emotional Distress14516%
Elderly 65+12113%
Housing Insecurity10512%
Poverty10111%
Limited Literacy839%
Urgent Basic Needs718%
Single Head of Household546%
Disabled485%
Immediate Medical Needs384%
Functional Needs (AFN)293%
Isolated243%
Safety Risk162%
Minor Child (w/o adult)30%
Limited Transportation30%
Limited Info. Access30%
When asked about housing goals, residents in both disasters overwhelmingly wanted to stay in
the county in comparison to other answer choices, with more than 30 percent wanting to remain
in the county and only about 2 or 3 percent wanting to leave.
F IGURE 27:C ASE M ANAGEMENT H OUSING G OALS
DR-4558DR-4558DR-4569DR-4569
Ultimate Housing GoalNumberPercentNumberPercent
Stay in County50535%38843%
Stay, Renter19614%20322%
Stay, Owner28320%16718%
Stay, Undecided121%101%
27
Stay, Other141%81%
Leave county493%182%
Leave, Renter262%142%
Leave, Owner151%30%
Leave, Undecided50%10%
Leave, Other30%00%
Unknown413%526%
Data about needs reveals that the highest needs for DR-4558 were household needs,
repair/rebuild, advocacy, and food/nutrition. For DR-4569, the top needs were utilities,
household needs, food/nutrition, and repair/rebuild. For both disaster, the lowest ranked needs
included domestic animal services, funeral assistance, and missing person assistance.
F IGURE 28:DR-4558C ASE M ANAGEMENT N EEDS
NeedsNumberPercent
Household Needs28420%
Repair/Rebuild27419%
Advocacy22216%
Food/Nutrition20314%
Clothing14310%
Utilities14310%
Emotional/Spiritual Care1148%
Employment Assistance947%
Functional Needs (AFN)745%
Transportation715%
Removal of Debris634%
Legal Assistance403%
Medical Assistance383%
Education/Job Training352%
Domestic Animal Services292%
Children's Services222%
Medical Insurance171%
Funeral Assistance00%
Missing Person Assistance00%
28
F IGURE 29:DR-4569C ASE M ANAGEMENT N EEDS
NeedsNumberPercent
Utilities15217%
Household Needs12914%
Food/Nutrition10512%
Repair/Rebuild10211%
Clothing9010%
Employment Assistance526%
Advocacy273%
Emotional/Spiritual Care273%
Children's Services233%
Medical Assistance212%
Removal of Debris202%
Transportation152%
Legal Assistance142%
Medical Insurance131%
Education/Job Training101%
Functional Needs (AFN)101%
Domestic Animal Services51%
Funeral Assistance10%
Missing Person Assistance00%
California HOPE Program
TheCalifornia HOPE program was launched after the 2017 wildfires to provide mental health
support to survivors of disasters.HOPE is funded by FEMA and is administered by the
California State Mental Health Authority (CMHA). California HOPE counselors work withto
processimmediate trauma and loss, prioritize needs and solve problems, developcoping
strategies, and connect with peopleand agencies for continued support.
Disaster CalFresh
Disaster CalFresh is the statewide Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP) that
provides monthly food benefits for low-income Californians. Disaster CalFresh (D-CalFreshor
D-SNAP) is activatedto meet the temporary nutritional needs of disaster survivorswithin the
first 30-daysaftera Presidential Declaration for Individual Assistance has been declared,
29
commercial food distribution has been disrupted, and the State of California has approvedD-
CalFresh operation. The table below shows that 294 households were served in the disaster
impacted counties totaling $144,493 in operations. This was done in four waves in nearly every
county except Lassen, San Mateo, Stanislaus, Trinity, Tulare, and Yolo.
F IGURE 30:D-SNAPA PPLICANTS FOR DR-4558&DR-4569
Number of Total D-
Disaster CalFresh Impacted Approval
WaveHouseholds CalFresh
CountiesDate
ServedIssuances
Lake, Monterey, San Mateo,
One29-Sep-2071$32,716
Santa Cruz, Solano, and Yolo
TwoButte, Napa and Sonoma29-Sep-2050$22,339
ThreeSanta Clara9-Oct-208$3,345
Fresno, Los Angeles, Madera,
Mendocino, Napa, San
Four5-Nov-20165$86,093
Bernardino, San Diego,
Shasta, Siskiyou, and Sonoma
D-CalFresh
294$144,493
Totals
5.Insurance
While standard homeownersinsurance does cover losses from a wildfire, many policies do not
provide enough funding to replace the entire home. Additionally, high rates of underinsured
property owners put increasing strain on disaster recovery and rebuilding needs. Often the costs
between meeting updated building codes can further exacerbate the gap between residential
claim payout and the actual cost to rebuild. There may be a shortfall in insurance funds needs to
rebuild homes, especially to a more resilient standard.
The state enacted two laws to help insured victims of wildfire. AB 1799 (Chapter 69, Statues
2018) requires that insurance companies provide standardized information to wildfire victims
after they have suffered a loss, including information on the coverage they have paid for, their
full insurance policy, endorsements, and their declaration page to better inform wildfire victims.
The second, AB 1797 (Chapter 205, Statues 2018), requires that insurers writing residential
property insurance conduct a replacement cost estimate on an every-other year basis. This
would ensure policy holders are covered with current and timely estimates that accurately reflect
s
overseeing insurance companies, performing financial reviews and examining insurers doing
business in California. CDI enforces insurance laws and has authority over how insurers and
licensees conduct business in California.
i.DR-4558 and DR-4569 Residential Insurance Claims
30
Followingthe DR-4558 and DR-4569 disasters, 31,121 residential claims were filed. The
number of claims fortotal losses was 2,986 claims and thesum of losses incurred was about
$3.7 billion.
F IGURE 31:R ESIDENTIAL I NSURANCE C LAIMS FOR DR-4558&DR-4569
Sum of Number of
Sum of Number of
CountyClaims Resulting in Sum of Losses Incurred ²
Claims
Total Loss
Butte1,151511$ 275,660,707
Fresno3,245339$ 251,172,676
Humboldt4619$ 6,729,989
Lake4764$ 5,342,411
Lassen5013$ 6,261,300
Los Angeles8,13767$ 166,775,590
Madera31015$ 9,277,708
Mendocino80-$ 929,505
Monterey55850$ 66,522,434
Napa2,240393$ 785,190,738
San Bernardino1,3655$ 23,125,567
San Diego13514$ 13,663,593
San Mateo1488$ 9,046,897
Santa Barbara4-$ 31,385
Santa Clara12913$ 10,757,201
Santa Cruz5,631702$ 896,012,754
Shasta15651$ 38,345,165
Siskiyou10668$ 28,020,265
Solano2,134221$ 393,511,936
Sonoma4,533312$ 630,433,075
Stanislaus80-$ 1,304,992
Trinity7340$ 15,841,973
Tulare272123$ 49,404,606
Yolo6218$ 25,182,440
StatewideTotal31,1212,986$ 3,708,544,907
31
G.Impact on Vulnerable Populations
1.Race
Race is a protected class under the Fair Housing Act. As such, HCD assesses all programs to
evaluate the equity and impact on protected classes. Disaster impacts vulnerable populations
disproportionatelymunity isolation and
21
cultural insensitivity.
FEMA than their Black neighbors. The reportfound that white residents of counties with
significant disaster damage that received FEMA assistance had their wealth increase years later
(five times as much, on average, as white residents who had not experienced FEMA
22
assistance) while Black residents maintainedless wealth in the same time period.
The tables belowshow the racial demographics of each disaster impacted county:
F IGURE 32D EMOGRAPHICS BY R ACE FOR DR-4558C OUNTIES
Native
American
Hawaiian
Black or Indian Some
andPopulation
WhiteAfrican andAsian Other
CountyOtherof two or
alonealone
AmericanAlaska Race
Pacific more races
aloneNative alone
Islander
alone
alone
Butte139,6513,3203,05010,3335081,18413,474
Lake44,2021,1581,737940893864,209
Lassen19,5342,2449394722831421,585
Mendocino56,2056073,5281,7301105924,896
Monterey 120,0779,0511,31425,1231,8592,17014,120
Napa68,9092,30050710,5203169105,728
San Mateo275,90214,7011,021227,7838,8405,84038,969
Santa Clara555,70842,1483,240753,3995,94510,19578,267
Santa Cruz145,5512,85085312,0722771,64913,310
Solano155,12560,0511,62470,9533,7752,98830,820
21
Fothergill, Maestas, and
Disastersvol. 23,2 (1999): 156-73. doi:10.1111/1467-7717.00111
22
ne 7, 2021,
https://www.nytimes.com/2021/06/07/climate/FEMA-race-climate.html.
32
Sonoma285,7927,1253,05322,2391,7082,90924,599
Stanislaus207,90814,3022,62133,1693,7132,73422,453
Trinity11,374664162,21224106977
Tulare125,0225,3323,45815,9975112,13210,770
Yolo93,9115,72294829,8721,0791,27811,893
Source: U.S. Census Bureau, 2020 DEC
F IGURE 33:D EMOGRAPHICS BY R ACE FOR DR-4569C OUNTIES
Native
American
Hawaiia
Black or Indian SomePopulatio
n and
WhiteAfrican andAsian Othern of two
CountyOther
alonealone
AmericaAlaska Race or more
Pacific
n aloneNative aloneraces
Islander
alone
alone
Fresno271,88944,2956,074109,6651,2335,20929,546
Los Angeles2,563,609760,68918,4531,474,23720,52258,683313,053
Madera48,3994,1311,7383,5811227234,383
Mendocino56,2056073,5281,7301105924,896
Napa68,9092,30050710,5203169105,728
San
566,113173,3228,412176,2046,17312,11768,400
Bernadino
San Diego1,422,205145,01412,841400,58912,99118,125167,240
Shasta136,8941,7614,0475,8393231,03712,524
Siskiyou32,0574711,757866382653,095
Sonoma285,7927,1253,05322,2391,7082,90924,599
Source: U.S. Census Bureau, 2020 DEC
33
F IGURE 34:P ERCENT B LACK OR A FRICAN A MERICAN P OPULATION M AP N ORTHERN CA
Source: U.S. Census Bureau, 2015 -2019 American Community Survey, 5-Year Estimates
34
F IGURE 35:P ERCENT B LACK OR A FRICAN A MERICAN P OPULATION M AP S OUTHERN CA
Source: U.S. Census Bureau, 2015 -2019 American Community Survey, 5-Year Estimates
2.Ethnicity
A 2020research studyposits that Hispanic or Latino communities need special consideration in
disaster planning processes and recovery in order to achieve equitable outcomes. The study
found that vulnerable people were often not included in the planning process and suffered from
23
Examples include
emergency information that is not available in Spanish, significant lack of insurancecoverage
availableoraffordable to immigrants. California has a large population of undocumented
Latino/a and Indigenous immigrants, last estimated at 2.6 million residents. The study also
23
of undocumented
Geoforum; journal of physical, human, and regional geosciencesvol. 116
(2020): 50-62. doi:10.1016/j.geoforum.2020.07.007
35
found that immigrants may be afraid to seek assistanceafter disasters due to fears of detention
24
and deportation.
Thefollowingtables showthesize and percentage ofHispanic communitiesin disaster
impacted counties. The majority of impactedcounties have Hispanic or Latino populations that
make upat least 20 percent of the total countypopulation. In Monterey,Tulare, Fresno, Madera,
and San Bernadino, the majority of the population is Hispanic or Latino.
F IGURE 36:P ERCENT H ISPANIC OR L ATINO P OPULATIONFOR DR-4558C OUNTIES
CountyTotal PopulationHispanic or LatinoPercent Hispanic
Butte211,63240,11219.0%
Lake68,16315,44222.7%
Lassen32,7307,53123.0%
Mendocino91,60123,93326.1%
Monterey 439,035265,32160.4%
Napa138,01948,82935.4%
San Mateo764,442191,38625.0%
Santa Clara1,936,259487,35725.2%
Santa Cruz270,86194,29934.8%
Solano453,491128,15528.3%
Sonoma488,863141,43828.9%
Stanislaus552,878265,97848.1%
Trinity16,1129375.8%
Tulare473,117309,89565.5%
Yolo216,40371,70033.1%
Source: U.S. Census Bureau, 2020 DEC
24
Ibid.
36
F IGURE 37:P ERCENT H ISPANIC OR L ATINO P OPULATIONFOR DR-4569C OUNTIES
CountyTotal PopulationHispanic or LatinoPercent Hispanic
Fresno1,008,654540,74353.6%
Los Angeles10,014,0094,804,76348.0%
Madera156,25593,17859.6%
Mendocino91,60123,93326.1%
Napa138,01948,82935.4%
San Bernadino2,181,6541,170,91353.7%
San Diego 3,298,6341,119,62933.9%
Shasta182,15519,73010.8%
Siskiyou44,0765,52712.5%
Sonoma488,863141,43828.9%
Source: U.S. Census Bureau, 2020 DEC
F IGURE 38:P ERCENT H ISPANIC OR L ATINO P OPULATION N ORTHERN CA
Source: U.S. Census Bureau, 2015 -2019 American Community Survey, 5-Year Estimates
37
F IGURE 39:P ERCENT H ISPANIC OR L ATINO P OPULATION S OUTHERN CA
Source: U.S. Census Bureau, 2015 -2019 American Community Survey, 5-Year Estimates
3.Households with Children
The CDC Social Vulnerability Index uses household composition with dependent children under
18
25
disaster events.Children specifically lack the resources to cope with and effectively recover
from disasters without adult help. At the same time, children are rarely incorporated into disaster
planning exercises, although they are the most likely to sufferPTSD and lingering mental health
effects from disasters. Furthermore, households with children under 18 are more likely to
25
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention,
38
require assistance with finances, transportation, medical care, and childcare during the disaster
26
event and recovery.
The tables below illustrate the percent of households with children in all disaster impacted
counties. Trinity has the smallest number of households with children,at 17.9 percent,while in
Fresno, Madera, and Tulare counties, at least 40 percent of householdsinclude children.
F IGURE 40:4558H OUSEHOLDS WITH C HILDREN
Households with one or more
CountyTotal households
people under 18 years
Butte85,32026.7%
Lake25,66026.2%
Lassen9,28025.7%
Mendocino34,40827.3%
Monterey 127,15538.9%
Napa48,70531.6%
San Mateo263,54332.9%
Santa Clara640,21536.3%
Santa Cruz95,81829.1%
Solano149,86534.9%
Sonoma189,37428.3%
Trinity5,93917.9%
Tulare138,23845.8%
Source: U.S. Census Bureau, 2015-2019 American Community Survey, 5-Year Estimates
26
no. 1 (2011). https://doi.org/10.2202/1547-7355.1792.
39
F IGURE 41:4569H OUSEHOLDS WITH C HILDREN
Households with one or more
CountyTotal households
people under 18 years
Fresno307,90640.8%
Los Angeles3,316,79533.0%
Madera44,88143.3%
Mendocino34,40827.3%
Napa48,70531.6%
San Bernadino636,04141.9%
San Diego 1,125,28633.1%
Shasta71,18128.2%
Siskiyou19,24023.0%
Sonoma189,37428.3%
Source: U.S. Census Bureau, 2015-2019 American Community Survey, 5-Year Estimates
4.Population with Disabilities
People with disabilities are disproportionately impacted by disasters,as disruptions in support
systemsandmedical careexacerbate challenges people reckon with as part of regular life.Due
to impaired or limited physical or cognitive abilities, individuals may be unable to evacuate
safely or easily, create or maintain a preparedness plan, advocate fully for their needs, or seek
out necessary care while displaced. After disasters, people with disabilities face significant
barriers in finding and securing appropriate housing, transportation, employment, physical and
27
mental healthservices,and other supports critical to long-term recovery.
The American Community Survey measures six disability types:
Hearing Difficulty, deaf or having serious difficulty hearing.
Vision difficulty, blind or having serious difficulty seeing, even when wearing
glasses.
Cognitive Difficulty because of a physical, mental, or emotional problem,
having difficulty remembering, concentrating, or making decisions.
Ambulatory Difficulty, having serious difficulty walking or climbing stairs.
Self-care difficulty, having difficulty bathing or dressing.
27
Stough, L.M., Sharp, A.N., Resch, J.A., Decker, C. and Wilker, N. (2016), Barriers to the long-term recovery of
individuals with disabilities following a disaster. Disasters, 40: 387-410.https://doi.org/10.1111/disa.12161
40
Independent living difficulty, because of a physical, mental, or emotional
28
office or shopping.
Thefollowing tables show the percent and number of the population with a disability in each
disaster impacted county. Lake, Lassen, Trinity, Shasta, and Siskiyou counties have the highest
percent population with a disability,each with a population of more than 18 percent.
All CDBG-DR programs have an obligation to comply with relevant federal laws that prohibit
discrimination on the basis of disability and torequire physical accessibility and the
provision/allowance of reasonable accommodations and reasonable modifications, including the
federal Fair Housing Act, Section 504 of the Rehabilitation Act of 1973, and the Americans with
Disabilities Act.
F IGURE 42:4558P OPULATION W ITH A D ISABILITY
Percent with
CountyTotal PopulationWith Disability
Disability
Butte223,22938,36917.2%
Lake63,49412,69320.0%
Lassen21,1903,90218.4%
Mendocino86,35214,72317.0%
Monterey 417,24936,9108.8%
Napa137,80616,24411.8%
San Mateo763,66562,8148.2%
Santa Clara1,917,643154,2128.0%
Santa Cruz272,49132,57212.0%
Solano429,48352,64212.3%
Sonoma495,51658,94011.9%
Stanislaus540,18171,01113.1%
Trinity12,5292,62120.9%
Tulare457,85755,43212.1%
Yolo215,93820,6499.6%
Source: U.S. Census Bureau, 2015-2019 American Community Survey, 5-Year Estimates
28
https://www.census.gov/topics/health/disability/guidance/data-collection-acs.html.
41
F IGURE 43:4569P OPULATION WITH A D ISABILITY
Percent with
CountyTotal PopulationWith Disability
Disability
Fresno973,266128,01513.2%
Los Angeles10,012,895992,7199.9%
Madera147,25319,14813.0%
Mendocino86,35214,72317.0%
Napa137,80616,24411.8%
San Bernadino2,099,054230,64411.0%
San Diego 3,216,326317,9249.9%
Shasta177,76132,48218.3%
Siskiyou43,3568,06818.6%
Sonoma495,51658,94011.9%
Source: U.S. Census Bureau, 2015-2019 American Community Survey, 5-Year Estimates
F IGURE 44:P ERSONS WITH D ISABILITY M AP N ORTHERN CA
Source: U.S. Census Bureau, 2015 -2019 American Community Survey, 5-Year Estimates
42
F IGURE 45:P ERSONS W ITH D ISABILITIES M AP S OUTHERN CA
Source: U.S. Census Bureau, 2015 -2019 American Community Survey, 5-Year Estimates
5.Population65 and Older
Senior households face special challenges and are disproportionately affected bydisasters.
Challenges for seniorsmay include owner-occupied households non-existent or inadequate
insurance (due to a lack of resources, or becausethe mortgage has beenpaidoff),individuals
unable to accessmedication or carewhen medical systems are disrupted,ormobility or
cognitive impairments that hinder safe evacuations,issues while may limit ability to evacuate.
Thefollowing table shows the percentage of population over 65 in disasterimpacted counties.
Mendocino, Trinity, Shasta and Siskiyou counties each have elderly populationsthat make up
more than 20 percent of the county population.
43
F IGURE 46:4558E LDERLY POPULATION
Percent 65 and
CountyTotal PopulationSum of 65 and older
older
Butte223,34440,66318.2%
Lake64,27614,68522.8%
Lassen30,6004,42114.4%
Mendocino87,11019,23422.1%
Monterey 432,97759,06113.6%
Napa138,57226,61019.2%
San Mateo765,623123,81716.2%
Santa Clara1,924,379259,98813.5%
Santa Cruz273,17044,91316.4%
Solano444,53869,96815.7%
Sonoma496,80197,46119.6%
Stanislaus540,18171,01113.1%
Trinity12,5413,50728.0%
Tulare463,95552,82611.4%
Yolo215,93820,6499.6%
Source: U.S. Census Bureau, 2016 -2020 American Community Survey, 5-Year Estimates
F IGURE 47:4569E LDERLY P OPULATION
Percent 65 and
CountyTotal PopulationSum of 65 and older
older
Fresno990,204121,12912.2%
Los Angeles10,040,6821,370,14113.6%
Madera155,92521,85814.0%
Mendocino*87,11019,23422.1%
Napa*138,57226,61019.2%
San Bernadino2,162,532250,03211.6%
San Diego 3,323,970467,73714.1%
Shasta179,26736,92320.6%
Siskiyou43,51610,98325.2%
44
Sonoma*496,80197,46119.6%
Source: U.S. Census Bureau, 2016 -2020 American Community Survey, 5-Year Estimates
F IGURE 48:E LDERLY P OPULATION M AP N ORTHERN CA
Source: U.S. Census Bureau, 2015 -2019 American Community Survey, 5-Year Estimates
45
F IGURE 49:E LDERLY P OPULATION M AP S OUTHERN CA
Source: U.S. Census Bureau, 2015 -2019 American Community Survey, 5-Year Estimates
6.Population with LimitedEnglish Proficiency
The Civil Rights Act of 1964 prohibits discrimination on the basisof national origin andrequires
that government entitiesensure thatpersons with Limited English Proficiency (LEP) have
access to the same benefits, services, and information as English-speakingresidents. As such,
disaster preparedness and recovery must consider and plan forthose who need translators and
translated materials.
The tables below show the total and percent Limited English Proficiency populations in all
disaster impacted counties. Monterey, Tulare, Fresno, Los Angeles, and Madera all have a
percent population of people who speak English that is well over 10 percent of the population.
46
F IGURE 50:4558P OPULATION WITH L IMITED E NGLISH P ROFICIENCY
Percent of people
Total population People who speak
Countywho speak English
over 5less than well
less than well
Butte211,1945,6152.7%
Lake60,5621,7062.8%
Lassen29,2226752.3%
Mendocino82,1053,8104.6%
Monterey 402,24568,60717.1%
Napa131,7309,6127.3%
San Mateo722,53549,9336.9%
Santa Clara1,810,821158,7118.8%
Santa Cruz259,50917,4436.7%
Solano417,77419,9404.8%
Sonoma472,31925,7005.4%
Stanislaus507,01846,0839.1%
Trinity11,947890.7%
Tulare427,01357,31913.4%
Yolo206,71312,4336.0%
Source: U.S. Census Bureau, 2016-2020 American Community Survey, 5-Year Estimates
F IGURE 51:4569P OPULATION WITH L IMITED E NGLISH P ROFICIENCY
Percent of people
Total population People who speak
County
who speak English
over 5less than well
less than well
Fresno913,84099,82310.9%
Los Angeles9,447,6211,215,44212.9%
Madera144,54118,28712.7%
Mendocino*82,1053,8104.6%
Napa*131,7309,6127.3%
San Bernadino2,009,812153,8127.7%
San Diego 3,118,216200,3246.4%
Shasta168,8251,7471.0%
47
Siskiyou41,2846031.5%
Sonoma*472,31925,7005.4%
Source: U.S. Census Bureau, 2016-2020 American Community Survey, 5-Year Estimate
Languages Spoken bythose with Limited English Proficiency
The tables below show the languages spoken bypersons over the age of fivewho speak
. Because disaster preparedness and recovery must includethe need for
translators and translated materials, it is important to assess whichlanguages are commonly-
spoken in impacted areas.In every disaster impacted county, the majority of non-English
speakers speak Spanish. A few of the larger counties also includea significant number of Indo-
European and Asian or Pacific Island speakers as well.
F IGURE 52:4558L ANGUAGES S POKEN FOR T HOSE WHO S PEAK E NGLISH ESS T HAN W ELL
Speaks
Speaks
Speaks Asian
Speaks Indo-Speaks
Speaks Asian or orSpeaks
Speaks Indo-EuropeaOther
SpanisPacific Pacific Other
County
SpanishEuropean nLanguag
hIsland Island Language
LanguageLanguage
LanguageLangua
e
ge
PercentPercent
NumberNumberPercent*NumberNumberPercent*
**
Butte3,5071.7%3350.2%1,7070.8%660.0%
Lake1,5422.5%990.2%650.1%-0.0%
Lassen5902.0%310.1%540.2%-0.0%
Mendocin
3,6644.5%560.1%890.1%10.0%
o
Monterey65,21416.2%5690.1%2,1870.5%6370.2%
Napa8,7366.6%2550.2%5840.4%370.0%
San Mateo25,5143.5%3,8690.5%19,9542.8%5960.1%
Santa
61,2633.4%10,6930.6%84,9094.7%1,8460.1%
Clara
Santa
16,3566.3%2690.1%7490.3%690.0%
Cruz
Solano13,0643.1%9700.2%5,7801.4%1260.0%
Sonoma22,3854.7%6990.1%2,5300.5%860.0%
Stanislaus37,5897.4%3,4650.7%2,6820.5%2,3470.5%
Trinity680.6%-0.0%210.2%-0.0%
48
Tulare54,12812.7%6370.1%2,1640.5%3900.1%
Yolo8,7874.3%1,7640.9%1,7780.9%1040.1%
Source: U.S. Census Bureau, 2016-2020 American Community Survey, 5-Year Estimate, *percent of population over
language
F IGURE 53:4569L ANGUAGES S POKEN FOR T HOSE WHO S PEAK E NGLISH ESS THAN W ELL
SpeaksSpeaks
SpeaksSpeaks
Asian or Asian or SpeaksSpeaks
SpeaksSpeaksIndo-Indo-
CountyPacific Pacific OtherOther
SpanishSpanishEuropeanEuropean
Island Island LanguageLanguage
LanguageLanguage
LanguageLanguage
NumberPercent*NumberPercent*NumberPercent*NumberPercent*
Fresno 81,2628.9%5,4310.6%11,0321.2%2,0980.2%
Los
870,6539.2%79,7700.8%254,2082.7%10,8110.1%
Angeles
Madera 17,44112.1%3580.2%2450.2%2430.2%
Mendocino 3,6644.5%560.1%890.1%10.0%
Napa 8,7366.6%2550.2%5840.4%370.0%
San
126,8226.3%2,5250.1%21,8751.1%2,5900.1%
Bernardino
San Diego 139,2324.5%7,8290.3%41,3281.3%11,9350.4%
Shasta 7330.4%3230.2%6600.4%310.0%
Siskiyou 4511.1%190.0%1330.3%-0.0%
Sonoma 22,3854.7%6990.1%2,5300.5%860.0%
Source: U.S. Census Bureau, 2016-2020 American Community Survey, 5-Year Estimate, *percent of population over
H.Analysis of Housing Unmet Need
1.Overview of Data Sources
Both DR-4558 and DR-4569 led to significant impacts onhousingin impacted areas. The
geographic spread of the disasters across the State of California also presents challenges for
identifyingconsistent data to understand housing unmet needs. This section examines the data
available to understand impacts to housing across the disaster area.
Fire Protection (CAL FIRE) Damage Inspection, the Census and American Community Survey,
Continuum of Care Point-in-Time Counts, Centers for Disease Control social vulnerability data,
49
Housing and Urban Development (HUD)income data,and insurance claim information provided
by the California Department of Insurance(CDI).
2.Limitations of Data
This section presents an analysis of FEMA IA, SBA, CAL FIRE and CDIdata to reflect damage
caused by DR-4558 and DR-4569 and to demonstrate the ongoing unmet recovery needs of
residents impacted by the disasters. Ultimately, no one data source accurately captures the
population impacted by DR-4558 and DR-4569. This Action Plan and unmet needs analysis
captures a point in time and reflects the best available data at the time of its publication. In
addition to using the process outlined for understanding housing unmet needs provided by
This alternative methodology continues to rely on verified inspections of properties, and more
automatically excludes LMI households due to presence of insurance. This FEMA policy results
data. This number represent nearly double what FEMA has included in its data set for DR 4558
and 4569 combined (1,573).
FEMA Individual Assistance (IA)The Federal Emergency Management Agency
(FEMA) Individual Assistance Program is the primary basis for establishing housing
unmet recovery need for CDBG-DR grantees.Residents register voluntarily for FEMA
IA, and eligible applicants include both renters and owners. FEMA Verified Loss awards
only provide assistance for repair and replacement to make the home habitable. As the
data limitations above note, residents must register with FEMA for assistance, which
leaves a gap between the true disaster impacts and the households that register for
assistance.Whilethe FEMA-IA datasetalone doesnot represent the full scale of the
disaster impacts, data available at the household level, including income and damage,
allows for an analysis that follows the unmet needs calculation outlined in the Federal
Register Notice.
Small Business AdministrationSimilar to FEMA IA, the SBA disaster loan program
is a voluntary program available to impacted households. As a loan program, SBA
residential loan registrations skew towards homeowners. However, compared to FVL
inspections, which only cover the cost for repair and replacement, SBA loan amounts
are based on an inspection that covers the full cost to restore a home.
CAL FIRE Damage InspectionAs the state fire agency, CAL FIRE deploys inspectors
after all disasters within the State of California. Using ArcGIS, inspectors use parcel
maps to document damage by property. The damage inspection includes parcel,
address, structure type, construction type, damage categories, and vegetation clearance
information for all impacted properties. This parcel-by-parcel survey includes
commercial, mobile home, outbuildings and detached structures, and residential
structures. For purposes of this analysis, HCD limited the CAL FIRE data to residential
structures, including Single Family, Multifamily, and Mobile Home structures. This parcel
level assessment provides a more robust picture of structural damage but not include
damage estimate amounts or information on the household resident.
California Department of Insurance Claims(CDI)While floods and hurricanes can
rely on National Flood Insurance Program data, fire damage must be collected from
50
individual insurance companies. HCD requested address level insurance claim
information for disaster impacted households through the CDI, but household level
information on claims was not available. However, the CA Department of Insurance
collected information from individual insurance companies on claims by zip code. As
better data becomes available, HCD will provide an updated estimate of claims by
household. This data covers a large period of time and does not guarantee that claims
are disaster related.
American CommunitySurvey2019 (ACS-5 Year) and Decennial Census (DEC
2020)The American Community Survey(ACS)isongoing andupdatedannually, and
isbased on a sample of United States residents(3.5 million) in the 50 states. The ACS
asks more comprehensive questions than the ten-
mic development,
census, on the other hand, is conducted every ten years and counts every person living
in the United States. The census asks a shorter set of questions concerning age, sex,
race, Hispanic origin, and owner/renter status. The goal of the
29
others use to provide daily services, products, and support for.Both the
ACS and DEC data are displayedat a county level in this report and therefore, may
aggregate the data in a way that obscures important details.For example, poverty rate
may be low at a County-levelbutconcentrated in just a few zip codes which may be
more vulnerable.
Center for Disease Control/ Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry
Social Vulnerability DataThe CDC/ATSDR Social Vulnerability Index was created as
a geographic database to help emergency response planners and public health officials
identify and map communities to prepare and respond to disaster events. The index
ranks each census tract in the United States (and aggregates into the county level) on
15 social factors, including socioeconomic status below poverty, unemployment rate,
income, no high school diploma, household composition and disability age 65 or older,
age 17 or younger, civilian with a disability, single parent households, minority status
and language
transportation multi-unit structures, mobile homes, crowding, no vehicle, group
30
quarters. The benefit of this data is that it provides an aggregate score to better
understand holistic vulnerabilitiescompared to similar geographies around the United
States. The limitation of this data is that it was last updated in 2018 and therefore, may
be outdated.
Homeless Point-In-Time CountThe Point-In-Time (PIT) Count isan annual count
conducted by every Continuum of Care(CoC)in the country over the course of asingle
night in January. It counts the number of people housed in emergency shelter,
transitional housing, Safe Havens, and the number of peoplewho are unsheltered.
29
2021,
https://www.census.gov/content/dam/Census/library/publications/2021/acs/acs_pums_handbook_2021.pdf.
30
51
Because the count only takes place on oneday, it is a static count and may not reflect
annual numbers. Because point-in-time counts include the number of people sleeping
outside and in shelters, they often undercount-people
experiencing homelessness who are sleeping in motels,
31
etc. This count often underestimates children and families experiencing homelessness.
Low-andModerate-IncomeDataThis data is available on HUDExchange at the
block group, census tract,and county level.The limitation of this data is that the LMI
calculations come from the 2011-2015 ACS data and may be outdated.Percent LMI is
used to determine if programs meet national objectives for Community Development
Block Grant funding. According to the description of the LMI data provided, the statistical
information used in the calculation of estimates identified in the data sets comes from
two sources: 1) the 2011-2015 American Community Survey (ACS), and 2) the Income
Limits for Metropolitan Areas and for Non-MetropolitanCounties. The data necessary to
determine an LMI percentage for an area is not published in the publicly availableACS
data tables. Therefore, the Bureau of Census matches family size, income, and the
32
income limits in a special tabulation to produce the estimates.
Housing and Urban Development (HUD)IncomeLimit Data-This data is available
on HUD Exchange at the block group, census tract, and county level.The HUD limits
calculate thevery low (50%) income limit, extremely low-incomelimits, and low (80%)
income limits for 1 person to 8 person families for every county and state in the United
States. The limits are recalculated annuallyto determine eligibility for public housing,
33
section 8 vouchers, and disabilities and elderly programs.
3.FEMA Individual Assistance
The Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) Individual Assistance Program is the
primary basis for establishing housing unmet recovery need for CDBG-DR grantees. However,
as the data limitations above note, residents must voluntarily registerwith FEMA for assistance,
which leaves a gap between the true disaster impacts and the households that register for
assistance. Despite these limitations, the following section provides an overview of the housing
impacts for FEMA Disasters 4558 and 4569. Across both disasters, a total of 42,010
households registered for FEMA IA assistance, including 21,284 owner-occupied households
and 20,626 renter households. The 2020 FRN outlines the following the damage categories by
owner-occupied and rental units:
o FEMA Inspected Owner Units
o Minor-Low:Less than $3,000 of FEMAinspected real property damage.
31
Agans, Robert P., Jefferson, Malcolm T., Bowling, James M., Zeng, Donglin, Yang, Jenny and Silverbush, Mark.
"Enumerating the Hidden Homeless: Strategies to Estimate the Homeless Gone Missing From a Point-in-Time Count"
Journal of Official Statistics, vol.30, no.2, 2014, pp.215-229.https://doi.org/10.2478/jos-2014-0014
32
-Year 2011-2015 Low-and Moderate-
Housing and Urban Development, n.d.),https://www.hudexchange.info/programs/acs-low-mod-summary-data/.
33
https://www.huduser.gov/portal/datasets/il.html#2021_query.
52
o Minor-High:$3,000 to $7,999 of FEMAinspected real property damage.
o Major-Low:$8,000 to $14,999 of FEMAinspected real property damage and/or
1 to3.9 feet of flooding on the first floor.
o Major-High:$15,000 to $28,800 of FEMAinspected real property damage
and/or 4 to5.9 feet of flooding on the first floor.
o Severe:Greater than $28,800 of FEMAinspected real property damage or
determined destroyed and/or 6 or more feet of flooding on the first floor.
o FEMA Inspected Owner Units Personal Property
o Minor-Low:Less than $2,500 of FEMAinspected personal property damage.
o Minor-High:$2,500 to $3,499 of FEMAinspected personal property damage.
o Major-Low:$3,500 to $4,999 of FEMAinspected personal property damage or 1
to3.9 feet of flooding on the first floor.
o Major-High:$5,000 to $9,000 of FEMAinspected personal property damage or
4 to5.9 feet of flooding on the first floor.
o Severe:Greater than $9,000 of FEMAinspected personal property damage or
determined destroyed and/or 6or more feetof flooding on the first floor.
o FEMA Inspected Rental Units
o Minor-Low:Less than $1,000 of FEMAinspected personal property damage.
o Minor-High:$1,000 to $1,999 of FEMAinspected personal property damage or
o Major-Low:$2,000 to $3,499 of FEMAinspected personal property damage or 1
to3.9 feet of flooding on the first floor or determinatio
FEMA inspector.
o Major-High:$3,500 to $7,500 of FEMAinspected personal property damage or
4 to5.9 feet of flooding on the first floor.
o Severe:Greater than $7,500 of FEMAinspected personal property damage or
determined destroyed and/or 6 or more feetof flooding on the first floor or
determination
The following table provides a breakdown by disaster and by tenure of FEMA IA applicants.
F IGURE 54:T OTAL FEMAIAR EGISTRATIONS BY D ISASTER
Grand
DisasterOwnersRenters
Total
455814,68914,94429,633
45696,6955,68212,377
Total21,38420,62642,010
Source: FEMA, November 2021
FEMA DR-4558 and 4569 impacted large portions of the State of California and the FEMA IA
registrations by County below show how impacts varied across the State. For DR-4558, Santa
Cruz, Butte, Sonoma, and Napa Counties had the highest total FEMA IA registrants, and the
registrants for both renters and owners were nearly equal. For DR-4569, Los Angeles and San
Diego Counties had the highest number of FEMA IA registrations, reflecting the impacts but also
higher population centers than many of the other impacted Counties.
53
F IGURE 55:T OTAL FEMAIAR EGISTRATIONS F OR 4558A ND 4569
CountyOwnerRenterTotal
4558
Butte (County)1,6551,4593,114
Lake (County)276399675
Lassen (County)413374
Mendocino (County)423375
Monterey (County)469521990
Napa (County)1,2141,2292,443
Nevada (County)151631
San Mateo (County)1,0148561,870
Santa Clara (County)1,0749662,040
Santa Cruz (County)3,1363,1426,278
Solano (County)7166941,410
Sonoma(County)1,2441,4252,669
Stanislaus (County)4859107
Trinity (County)11035145
Tulare (County)186127313
Yolo (County)231216447
4569
Fresno (County)7364531,189
Los Angeles (County)1,7091,6643,373
Madera (County)11177188
Mendocino (County)6948117
Napa (County)426418844
San Bernardino (County)433514947
San Diego (County)7165211,237
Shasta (County)9493187
Siskiyou (County)202118320
Sonoma (County)532429961
Source: FEMA, November 2021
While total registrations show the scale and scope of the disaster impacts, FEMA Verified Loss
provides a more accurate understanding of households that not only registered for FEMA, but
also inspected by FEMA for a documented loss related to the disaster,a FEMA Verified Loss.
The following figure provides an overview of the number of FEMA Verified Losses over $0 by
County for both owner-occupied and renter-occupied units.For DR-4558, Butte County and
Santa Cruz experienced the highest level of FEMA Verified Losses, and the registrations were
evenly distributed between owner-occupied and renter-occupied households. However, Santa
54
experienced by renters. For DR-4569, registrations in Los Angeles County were highest,
followed by Fresno, San Diego, and Siskiyou Counties.
F IGURE 56:FEMAI NDIVIDUAL A SSISTANCE BY R ENTER AND O WNER
CountyOwnerRenterTotal
45581,1471,5772,724
Alameda(County)11
Butte (County)407409816
Lake (County)131326
Lassen (County)33
Mendocino (County)22
Monterey (County)314475
Napa (County)102128230
San Mateo (County)7074144
Santa Clara (County)504494
Santa Cruz (County)268603871
Solano (County)76103179
Sonoma (County)84117201
Stanislaus (County)11
Trinity (County)20626
Tulare (County)8311
Yolo (County)123244
4569533437970
Fresno (County)7255127
Los Angeles (County)158135293
Mendocino (County)9413
Napa (County)375592
San Bernardino (County)542882
San Diego (County)7746123
Shasta (County)161632
Siskiyou (County)7056126
Sonoma (County)404282
Source: FEMA, November 2021
The previous figure provides an overview of the total count of FEMA IA Verified Losses, but to
understand the costs measured through data collected by FEMA, the following provides an
overview of average FEMA Verified Losses for properties with over $0 in losses by County. This
figure includes both Personal Property (Renter)and Real Property (Owner)damages. These
numbers do not reflect the total cost needed for reconstruction of owner-occupied or renter-
occupied households.
55
F IGURE 57:A VERAGE FEMAIAV ERIFIED L OSS O VER$0 BY C OUNTY
CountyOwnerRenterTotal
4558$57,569$4,863$27,099
Butte (County)$78,391$6,280$42,247
Lake (County)$43,754$4,249$24,002
Lassen (County)$172,943$172,943
Mendocino (County)$7,477$7,477
Monterey (County)$20,674$3,363$10,518
Napa (County)$34,073$5,734$18,302
San Mateo (County)$13,718$5,076$9,277
Santa Clara (County)$10,986$4,343$7,876
Santa Cruz (County)$62,258$3,620$21,663
Solano (County)$60,589$4,740$28,452
Sonoma (County)$49,979$5,126$23,871
Stanislaus (County)$7,288$7,288
Trinity (County)$92,887$8,557$73,426
Tulare (County)$34,532$6,515$26,891
Yolo (County)$6,279$7,598$7,238
4569$42,276$6,418$26,165
Fresno (County)$82,307$7,144$49,756
Los Angeles (County)$20,391$5,436$13,500
Mendocino (County)$16,449$1,792$11,939
Napa (County)$34,163$6,901$17,865
San Diego (County)$10,188$5,902$8,585
Shasta (County)$68,947$8,896$38,921
Siskiyou (County)$109,824$8,833$64,939
Sonoma (County)$52,966$6,496$29,164
Source: FEMA, November 2021
Impact on Renters
Through FEMA IA, renters are eligible to apply for monthly rental assistance and for funding to
replace damaged or destroyed personal property. FEMA does not inspect rental properties for
real property damage, so the following table only includes personal property damage. The
following figure shows the number of renters who registered for FEMA IA that have a Verified
Loss over $0 of personal property damage. The table shows the number of renter-occupied
households by County and HUD-defined damage category.
56
F IGURE 58:FEMAIAR ENTERS,L OSS O VER$0 WITH P ERSONAL P ROPERTY D AMAGE,BY HUD
D AMAGE C ATEGORY
Minor-Minor-Major-Major-
CountySevereGrand Total
LowHighLowHigh
45586761051294502201,580
Butte (County)120483912181409
Lake (County)713213
Monterey (County)272210344
Napa (County)328184822128
San Mateo (County)3117241174
Santa Clara (County)21119344
Santa Cruz (County)345315011661603
Solano (County)46753213103
Sonoma (County)46724814117
Trinity (County)336
Tulare (County)123
Yolo (County)422632
4569108152520491443
Fresno (County)1112291255
Los Angeles (County)454105818135
Mendocino (County)314
Napa (County)122251655
San Diego (County)121325546
Shasta (County)17816
Siskiyou (County)423252256
Sonoma (County)52424742
Source: FEMA, November 2021
categories, so the following
figure pulls out the major and severe renter households by County. Overall, across both
disasters there are more Major-High FEMA IA registrations, followed by renters categorized as
Severe. Butte, Santa Cruz, and Napa Counties have the highest total number of Major/Severe
renter-occupied households with Verified Losses.
F IGURE 59:FEMAIAR ENTERS,L OSS O VER$0W ITH P ERSONAL P ROPERTY D AMAGE,B Y HUD
D AMAGE C ATEGORY
CountyMajor-LowMajor-HighSevereTotal
4558129450220
799
Butte (County)3912181
241
Lake (County)32
5
Monterey (County)2103
15
Napa (County)184822
88
57
San Mateo (County)72411
42
Santa Clara (County)1193
23
Santa Cruz (County)5011661
227
Solano(County)53213
50
Sonoma (County)24814
64
Trinity (County)33
6
Tulare (County)12
3
Yolo (County)4226
32
45692520491
320
Fresno (County)22912
43
Los Angeles (County)105818
86
Mendocino (County)
0
Napa (County)2516
41
San Diego (County)3255
33
Shasta (County)78
15
Siskiyou (County)32522
50
Sonoma (County)4247
35
Source: FEMA, November 2021
provides further insight into the renter population that applied for FEMA IA and had a Verified
Loss. The following figure shows the total number of renters with a verified loss by HUD income
category. HUD defines income categories using the following categories:
Low and Moderate Income (LMI) 80 percent Area Median Income (AMI) and below.
Very Low Income (VLI) 50 percent AMI and below.
Extremely Low Income (ELI) 30 percent AMI and below.
Over 80 percent AMI typically defined as not LMI.
Overall, the 2020 disasters i
other categories (VLI and ELI) show the challenges in addressing renter unmet recovery needs
for the disaster given limited household income at the time of the disaster, and this is
exacerbatedby costs from displacement or economic impacts resulting from the disaster.
F IGURE 60:L OW AND M ODERATE I NCOME R ENTERS W ITH A FEMAV ERIFIED L OSS BY C OUNTY
Low and Very
Extremely
Moderate Low
Low
Total IncomeIncomeOver 80
CountyIncome(30
Renters(80 (50 percentAMI
percent
percent percent
AMI)
AMI)AMI)
Butte (County)292334918822
Fresno (County)36951012
Lake (County)532
58
Los Angeles (County)681582817
Mendocino (County)2110
Monterey (County)2979112
Napa (County)11626183141
San Diego (County)2323612
San Mateo (County)289667
Santa Clara (County)215412
Santa Cruz (County)43791103139104
Shasta (County)133163
Siskiyou (County)48614217
Solano (County)5912132014
Sonoma (County)9412213427
Trinity (County)5230
Tulare (County)211
Yolo (County)10433
Source: FEMA, November 2021
The following figure combines both HUD defined damage categories and income categories to
show the nexus between income level and disaster damage from the 2020 disasters for renter-
occupied households with FEMA Verified Losses over $0. Renters are found to be less likely to
bounce back after a disaster
ability to recovery from the damage and displacement caused by a natural disaster and the
2020 disasters are no exception, the highest category are Extremely Low Income renters.
F IGURE 61:L OW AND M ODERATE I NCOME R ENTERS BY HUDI NCOME C ATEGORY
Low and Extremely
Very Low Over 80%
Income CategoryTotal Renters
Moderate Low
IncomeAMI
IncomeIncome
Major-High3987969137113
Major-Low9912174723
Minor-High8613124219
Minor-Low5189311921393
Severe20641418143
Grand Total1,307238258520291
Source: FEMA, November 2021
59
Impact on Homeowners
This section provides an overview of 2020 wildfireimpacts on homeowners in FEMA IAareas
through analysis of FEMA IA registration data.Asnoted above, this data setprovides limited
information,asa)not all eligiblehomeowners registered, and b)that FEMA does not inspect
owner-occupied properties with insurance. Despite these limitations, FEMA IA data does
provide insight into the demographics of impacted householdsand severity of damage across
geographies. The following table shows the HUD-defined damage categories for owner-
occupied households that registered for FEMA IAandsustaineda Verified Loss above $0.
Overall, Butte and Santa Cruz County containedthe highest total number of properties with
severe damage for DR-4558, while Fresno and Siskiyou had the highest number of severe
properties for DR-4569.
F IGURE 62:FEMAIAO WNERS WITH R EAL P ROPERTY O VER$0 BY D AMAGE C ATEGORY
CountyMinor-LowMinor-HighMajor-HighSevereTotal
45586413563421,042
Butte (County)131129198359
Lake (County)8210
Lassen (County)123
Mendocino (County)11
Monterey (County)231226
Napa (County)6262593
San Mateo (County)65267
Santa Clara (County)46248
Santa Cruz (County)1711167249
Solano (County)4731969
Sonoma (County)54141574
Stanislaus (County)11
Trinity (County)102719
Tulare (County)516
Yolo (County)1212
456927336100382
Fresno (County)22112650
Los Angeles (County)1009109
Mendocino (County)819
Napa (County)141924
San Diego (County)4411147
Shasta (County)6814
Siskiyou (County)1843759
Sonoma (County)17825
Source: FEMA, November 2021
60
As noted above for renters, HUD only considers Major and Severe damage for its housing
unmet needs calculation. All ofthe homes that registered for FEMA IAand were confirmed asa
Verified Loss over $0 fell into the Major-High and Severe Categories.Butte, Santa Cruz, and
Siskiyou experienced the highest number of Major/Severe registrations from the 2020 disasters.
F IGURE 63:FEMAIAO WNERS W ITH R EAL P ROPERTY O VER$0 BY D AMAGE C ATEGORY
M AJOR/S EVERE O NLY
CountyMajor-HighSevereTotal
455856342
398
Butte (County)
29198227
Lake (County)
22
Lassen (County)
22
Mendocino (County)
0
Monterey (County)
123
Napa (County)
62531
San Mateo (County)
22
Santa Clara (County)
22
Santa Cruz (County)
116778
Solano (County)
31922
Sonoma (County)
41519
Stanislaus (County)
0
Trinity (County)
279
Tulare (County)
11
Yolo (County)
0
45696100
106
Fresno (County)
12627
Los Angeles (County)
99
Mendocino (County)
11
Napa (County)
99
San Diego (County)
112
Shasta (County)
88
Siskiyou (County)
43741
Sonoma (County)
88
Source: FEMA, November 2021
As with renters, HUD uses AMI to determine owner-occupied households that qualify as low
income. The following figure shows FEMA IA owner-occupied registrants with Verified Losses
over $0 by HUD income category. Butte County stands out with a significant number of
Extremely Low Income (ELI)owner-occupied households.
61
F IGURE 64:R ENTER H OUSEHOLDS BY HUDI NCOME C ATEGORY
Low and VeryExtremely
Total Over 80%
CountyModerate LowLow
OwnersAMI
IncomeIncomeIncome
Butte (County)262425512243
Fresno (County)32105413
Lake (County)3210
Lassen (County)330
Los Angeles (County)3967620
Mendocino (County)51220
Monterey (County)134414
Napa (County)6818121226
San Diego (County)1613111
San Mateo (County)3351225
Santa Clara (County)186327
Santa Cruz (County)18122313296
Shasta (County)9153
Siskiyou (County)528132110
Solano (County)3766718
Sonoma (County)52710827
Stanislaus (County)110
Trinity (County)134243
Tulare (County)22
Yolo (County)413
Source: FEMA, November 2021
defined in the Federal Register Notice, compared to HUD income categories. Overall, the table
below shows that low-income owner-occupied households were disproportionately impacted by
the 2020 disasters.
62
F IGURE 65:LMIO WNER B Y I NCOME O VER$0R EAL P ROPERTY L OSS,W ITH I NCOME
Low and Extremely
Very Low Over 80%
Damage CategoryTotal OwnersModerate Low
IncomeAMI
IncomeIncome
Major-High52912247
Minor-High4211
Minor-Low464737398220
Severe343657511192
Grand Total863149161233320
Source: FEMA, November 2021
Low Income Renter and Owner Characteristics
FEMA IA data also provides insight into other characteristics of impacted households including
FEMA Verified Loss (FVL), income level (AMI), as well as registrants with flood and homeowner
insurance.In the2020 FRN, HUD instructsgrantees to examine the following populations:
Renters under50 percent AMI with a FEMA Verified Loss
Homeowners with a FEMA Verified Loss who are under 80 percent AMI and without
flood insurance
Homeowners with a FEMA Verified Loss who are under 80 percent AMI without
homeowner insurance
The following table provides an overview of damage sustained by renters and homeowners as a
result ofFEMA DR-4558 and DR-4569, and reflects the categories listed above.
F IGURE 66:L OW I NCOME R ENTER AND O WNER C HARACTERISTICS
FEMA IA Homeowners with Homeowners with FVL,
Renters Under 50 percent
Damage FVL, LMI, No Flood LMI, No Home Owner
AMI with an FVL
CategoryInsuranceInsurance
Major-High4625553
Major-Low11900
Minor-High8800
Minor-Low59800
Severe227350283
Total1,494405336
Source: FEMA, November 2021
The following map shows the number of FEMA IA damaged properties that qualify as Major or
Severe damage by Census Tract. The highest concentrations fallwithin Butte County and
Siskiyou Countyin Northern California.
63
F IGURE 67:FEMAIAW ITH M AJOR/S EVERE D AMAGE N ORTHERN CA
Source: FEMA, November 2021; U.S. Census Bureau; ESRI
The following figure illustratesthe concentration of FEMA IA damaged properties with
Major/Severe Damage. Santa Cruz and Fresno County containthe highest number of
Major/Severe damage properties.
64
F IGURE 68:FEMAIAW ITH M AJOR/S EVERE D AMAGE S OUTHERN CA
Source:FEMA, November 2021; U.S. Census Bureau; ESRI
Impact on Homeowners and Renters Over 65
While all federally protected classes are at risk of disaster impacts, people over the age of 65
are particularly vulnerableduring fire events. The following provides further detail on FEMA IA
registrants over the age of 65 with total verified losses over $0.
F IGURE 69:O VER 65,T OTAL V ERIFIED L OSS O VER$0
CountyOwners Over 65Renters Over 65Grand Total
Butte (County)11658174
Fresno(County)281240
Lake (County)235
Lassen (County)22
Los Angeles (County)372158
65
Mendocino (County)426
Monterey (County)8816
Napa (County)393574
San Diego (County)111223
San Mateo (County)20727
Santa Clara (County)15823
Santa Cruz (County)7752129
Shasta (County)9615
Siskiyou (County)331043
Solano (County)21526
Sonoma (County)392867
Trinity (County)88
Tulare (County)112
Yolo (County)6410
Source: FEMA, November 2021
CAL FIRE Damage Survey
CAL FIRE conducts a parcel survey of properties impacted by fires and natural disasters using
ArcGIS and ArcCollector. The Damage Inspection Worksheet includes property addresses, the
incident (disaster) name, and information about the damaged property. For DR-4588and DR-
4569, CAL FIRE surveyed a total of 25,778structures.This on-the-ground analysis has its
limitations: survey staff are not building inspectors,inspectionsare completedimmediately post-
disaster, and surveyorsare only able to examineproperties that are accessible. Despite these
factors, the data presents a clearer picture of damage than either SBA or FEMA IA. CAL FIRE
damage assessments are conducted on the ground post-disaster, while SBA and FEMA IA are
voluntary application processes. The following figure shows the total number of structures
surveyed.
F IGURE 70:CALFIRE2020D ISASTER D AMAGE S URVEY BY S TRUCTURE T YPE
AffecteMinor (10-MajorDestroyed No
Structure TypeInaccessibleTotal
d (1-9%)25%)(26-50%)(>50%)Damage
Church31417
Commercial Building Multi Story102140173226
Commercial Building Single
3813256056231,178
Story
Hospital11415
66
Infrastructure2010105318211286
S OURCE:1
Mixed Commercial/Residential11174166243
S OURCE:2
Mobile Home Double Wide1324192292665
S OURCE:3
Mobile Home Single Wide1114162235656
Mobile Home Triple Wide431356
Motor Home11145342272779
MultifamilyResidenceMulti
41127886
Story
MultifamilyResidenceSingle
6121126154
Story
School22162343
Single Family Residence Multi
21240141,3444,145105,765
Story
Single Family Residence Single
2163382,5034,490707,320
Story
Utility Misc.Structure23166563,2414,609868,289
Grand Total776172989,26915,27418925,778
Source: CAL FIRE Damage Assessment, November 2021
Tofurthersupplement the analysis of unmet housing recovery needs in the 2020 impacted
counties, HCD analyzed CAL FIRE survey data and narrowed the scope to include residential
structures only. Inthe table below, residential structures include the following structure types:
Mixed Commercial/Residential
Mobile Home Double Wide
Mobile Home Single Wide
Mobile Home Triple Wide
Motor Home
MultifamilyResidenceMulti Story
MultifamilyResidenceSingle Story
Single Family Residence Multi Story
Single Family Residence Single Story
A total of 5,356 surveyed residential structures were categorizedas destroyed, with the highest
concentration of destroyed properties foundin Butte, Santa Cruz, Napa, and Sonoma Counties.
F IGURE 71:CALFIRED AMAGE S URVEY R ESIDENTIAL S TRUCTURES O NLY BY D AMAGE
C ATEGORY
Destroyed Total by
AffectedMinorMajor
County
(1-9%)(10-25%)(26-50%)(>50%)County
Butte46341,5191,572
67
Fresno2986522565
Lake88
Lassen314044
Los Angeles228199130
Madera14748
Mendocino14142
Monterey13316380
Napa100143615732
San Bernardino246
San Diego513036
San Mateo41418
Santa Clara73189100
Santa Cruz701069171,003
Shasta15106121
Siskiyou821209220
Solano6081313382
Sonoma79123502596
Stanislaus11415
Trinity122528
Tulare721173183
Yolo369
Total47479295,3565,938
Source: CAL FIRE Damage Assessment, November 2021
To further narrow the CAL FIRE damage survey data, the figure below limits the county analysis
to include only Single Family structures (Single Family Residence Multi Story and Single Family
Residence Single Story) that were inspected and categorized as destroyed.According to this
limited dataset, a total of 3,847 single-family residential structures were recorded as destroyed
due to the 2020 disasters. HCD proposes using this number of households as a more accurate
count of the total losses for owner-occupied properties when compared to FEMA IA and SBA
home loan registrations.
F IGURE 72:CALFIRES INGLE F AMILY P ROPERTIES D ESTROYED IN 2020D ISASTERS
CountyTotal
Butte697
68
Fresno441
Lake5
Lassen19
Los Angeles91
Madera18
Mendocino18
Monterey61
Napa479
San Bernardino4
San Diego15
San Mateo11
Santa Clara64
Santa Cruz827
Shasta63
Siskiyou111
Solano274
Sonoma448
Stanislaus10
Trinity19
Tulare168
Yolo4
Grand Total3,847
Source: CAL FIRE Damage Assessment, November 2021
4.Small Business Administration Loans
Small Business Administration Housing (SBA) loans are the basic form of federal disaster
assistance for homeowners with good credit history and income, andwhose private property
sustained damage that is not fully covered by insurance. Homeowners and renters whose
property was damaged by a presidentially declared disaster are eligible toapply for an SBA low-
interest loan. Interest rates on these loans are determined by law and are assigned on a case-
by-case basis. Households in DR-4558 impacted counties submitted a total of 4,182
applications, but to date only 478 have been approved. Householdsin DR-4569 impacted
counties submitted 2,029 SBA home loan applications, and only 148 applications have been
approved. The figures below give an overview of total applications, approvals,and total SBA
Verified Losses by county.
F IGURE 73:SBAH OME L OAN A PPLICATIONS AND V ERIFIED L OSS BY C OUNTY DR-4558
Total SBA Applications Total SBA Loans SBA Total
County -4558
SubmittedApprovedVerified Loss
Butte71893$59,800,759
Lake1251$669,641
Lassen16$1,344,401
69
Mendocino5$674,961
Monterey19512$10,663,475
Napa43937$24,189,721
San Mateo37223$18,208,033
Santa Clara3546$8,320,439
Santa Cruz1,071222$108,605,977
Solano30853$36,126,752
Sonoma38625$15,355,618
Stanislaus9$317,779
Trinity313$3,708,872
Tulare501$4,346,307
Yolo1032$4,242,321
Total4,182478$296,575,056
Source: Small Business Administration, January 2022
F IGURE 74:SBAH OME L OAN A PPLICATIONS AND V ERIFIED L OSS BY C OUNTY DR-4569
Total SBA Applications Total SBA Loans SBA Total
County -4569
SubmittedApprovedVerified Loss
Fresno29528$22,197,541
Los Angeles74624$20,834,485
Madera474$2,263,948
Mendocino293$2,045,137
Napa13525$12,072,111
San Bernardino1975$5,230,914
San Diego2638$6,517,140
Shasta516$3,188,147
Siskiyou9728$12,466,944
Sonoma16917$13,320,455
Total2,029148$100,136,823
Source: Small Business Administration, January 2022
5.Summary of Housing Impacts
Based on HUD guidance in the 2020 FRN, the following figure compares Major/Severe FEMA
IA properties with a Verified Loss toSBA home loan verified losses to determine an SBA ratio
and a total basis for reconstruction. Using this formula, HCD uses the SBA Average Real
Property Verified Loss for Severe Properties only, setting the per-unit cost of reconstruction for
housing units at $321,735. This number is well below the cost of a full reconstruction or
developing a new unit for either an owner-occupied or renter-occupied unit in the 2020 disaster
impacted areas butwill serve as the base figurefor the HUD-required housing unmet need
methodology below.
70
F IGURE 75:SBAR ATIO
Count of Total Total SBA Total FEMA IA Real Property
Damage Category
Verified LossVerified LossVerified Loss
Major-High13$2,053,381.98$307,945.86
Severe119$38,286,571.58$18,637,803.25
Average of Severe
119$321,735.90$156,620.20
Properties Only
SBA Ratio (SBA
FVL/FEMA Real 2.05
Property FVL)
Source: Small Business Administration;January 2022; FEMA November 2021
Using the methodology provided by HUD in the 2020 FRN, the following figure provides the
baseline calculation for housing unmet needs in counties impacted by the2020 disastersin
California.
F IGURE 76:H OUSING U NMET N EED HUDM ETHODOLOGY
Damage OwnerRenterTotal
OwnerRenterTotal
Category
-CountTotal DamageCountTotal DamageCountTotal Damage
Major-Low-$0147$47,295,177147$47,295,177
Major-High62$19,947,626621$199,797,991683$219,745,617
Severe442$142,207,266301$96,842,505743$239,049,770
Total504$162,154,8911,069$343,935,6721,573$506,090,564
6.Cost of Reconstruction
The State of California data from CAL FIRE provides further insight into the number of
structures destroyed during the 2020 fires, but this only covers one side of the cost of
reconstruction. The following section shows the actual cost to develop both owner-occupied and
Multifamily housingunits for the 2017 and 2018 disasters funded by CDBG-DR. The cost of
construction reflects the rising cost of building materials, labor supply issues, and standard
construction costs such as building to the required building codes. When compared to the
average total verified loss by SBA, which establishes an average cost based on Severe
properties only, of $321,735 per unit, there continues to be a substantial gap between the SBA
approved number and the actual cost of reconstruction in areas impacted by the 2020 disasters.
While the intent of CDBG-DR is to provide gap financingfor both homeowners and renters
recovering from disaster, many of the OOR applicants are predominantly LMI and have few
other resources to assist with reconstruction costs. As shown in the figure below, all of the
average cost of reconstruction are at least $100,000 over the SBA per unit cost.
71
F IGURE 77:A VERAGE C OST OF R ECONSTRUCTION FOR S TICK B UILT H OMES FROM S OLUTION 1 OF
2017-2018CDBG-DROORP ROGRAM
County Average Estimated Cost to 2020 Impacted
ReconstructArea?
Butte $501,503Y
Lake$455,535Y
Los Angeles $546,800Y
Napa $644,137Y
San Diego$578,684Y
Santa Barbara $472,777
Sonoma$655,162Y
Ventura $460,673
Source: HCD Program Data, April 2022
TheMultifamily Housing
ongoing housing crisis, and help to address the rental housing shortage exacerbated by
disasters. While MHPprojects generally rely on multiple funding sources, developer capacity
and building costs in the rural areas in rural areas and other rising costs impact the per unit cost
for developing MHP units in impacted areas. The figure below shows the average cost per unit
proposed for 2017 and 2018 CDBG-DR MHP applicants. Only Yuba County falls below the per
unit cost estimated by SBA for the 2020 disaster, all others exceed the average cost for
reconstruction.
F IGURE 78:CDBG-DRM ULTIFAMILY H OUSING P ROGRAM C OST P ER U NIT
Average Cost 2020Impacted
Subrecipient
Per UnitArea
City of Chico$480,480Y
City of Napa$494,734Y
City of Santa Rosa$570,157Y
City of Ventura$704,222
County of Butte$394,308Y
County of Los Angeles$540,815Y
County of Mendocino$472,034Y
County of Santa Barbara$780,573
County of Sonoma$741,805Y
County of Ventura$569,093
County of Yuba$129,802
City of Redding$388,236Y
Source: HCD Program Data, April 2022
7.CAL FIRE Alternative Methodology
However, the number of properties identified through FEMA IA, which only includes households
that registered withFEMA, falls far below the actual number of households impacted by the
2020 disasters. To accurately estimate the owner-occupied housing lossesand unmet needs,
72
HCD proposes the following methodology that more accurately reflects the unmet disasters
needs.
Total Destroyed Single Family Residential Structures 3,847
Damage multiplier $321,735.90(SBA Ratio)
Total Damage, Owner-Occupied$1,237,714,545
I.Infrastructure Unmet Need
1.FEMA Public AssistanceOverview
The FEMA Public Assistance (FEMAPA) program is designed to provide immediate assistance
todisaster-impacted jurisdictions for emergency work (under FEMA Sections 403 and 407) and
permanent work (Sections 406 and 428) on infrastructure and community facilities. Data from
these programs was used to assessthe impact of the disasters on infrastructure and calculate
unmet need.
Although there is a clear need for infrastructure repair and improvements, this Action Plan
focuses on unmet recovery needs with prioritization given to housing recovery and housing-
related infrastructure projects.One reason for this prioritization is that although total project
costs have been calculated, project eligibility has not been determined for all project worksheets
submitted. Therefore, the local share figures are preliminary and likely to increase substantially
moving forward. In total the total cost share needed for both state and local match for FEMA PA
projects for 2020 disasters is $10,072,692 and local share only is $2,518,240.
FEMA PA projects fall under the following categories:
Emergency Protective Work
o Category A Debris Removal
o Category B Emergency Protective Measures
Permanent Work
o Category CRoads and Bridges
o Category D Water Control Facilities
o Category E Public Buildings and Contents
o Category F Public Utilities
o Category G Parks, Recreational, and Other Facilities
The following tables summarize the FEMA PA assistance in review by FEMA and the California
(CalOES)as of February 2022. As noted above,
these values are subject to change and will be re-evaluated as the Action Plan is amended
and/or through program design. Across areas impacted by DR-4558, impacted counties
submitted FEMA PA projects totaling over $46 million for Categories C through G. A majority of
the requests were made for Category F Utilities, followed by Category C Roads and Bridges.
F IGURE 79:FEMAPAF OR DR-4558
CountiesTotal DamageTotal Unmet Need
Butte County$5,095,822.38$955,466.71
Lassen County$80,183.46$15,034.40
73
Monterey County$2,398,310.27$449,683.18
Napa County$1,789,529.23$335,536.74
San Mateo County$1,084,522.75$203,348.02
Santa Clara County$2,192,896.54$411,168.10
Santa Cruz County$26,711,669.83$5,008,438.12
Solano County$659,118.57$123,584.74
Sonoma County$301,052.47$56,447.34
Trinity County$4,425,474.61$829,776.50
TulareCounty$1,378,650.27$258,496.93
4558 Total$46,117,230.38$8,646,980.77
Source: FEMA February 2022
F IGURE 80:FEMAPAL OCAL S HARE O NLY FOR DR-4558 BY C ATEGORY
Total Unmet Need (Local
4558-CategoryProjectsTotal Damage
Share Only)
C-Roads and Bridges50$12,052,705.98$564,970.60
D-Water Control Facilities1$54,001.49$2,531.32
E-Buildings and Equipment27$7,857,067.92$368,300.06
F-Utilities29$23,192,882.42$1,087,166.37
G-Parks, Recreational Facilities,
11$2,960,572.57$138,776.84
and Other Items
Total -4558118$46,117,230.38$2,161,745.19
Source: FEMA February 2022
The following figures outline the FEMA PA requests from jurisdictionsimpacted by the DR-4569
disasters. The total request for FEMA PA projects Category C through G totals $7.6 million.
Category C Road and Bridges make up the majority of requested projects, followed by
Category EBuildings and Equipment.
F IGURE 81:FEMAPAF OR DR-4569
CountiesTotal DamageTotal Unmet Need
Fresno County$4,847,465.02$908,899.70
Madera County$22,060.87$4,136.42
Napa County$1,985,974.68$372,370.26
Shasta County$81,310.79$15,245.78
Siskiyou County$64,462.08$12,086.64
Sonoma County$603,957.69$113,242.07
4569 Total$7,605,231.13$1,425,980.86
Source: FEMA February 2022
F IGURE 82:FEMAPAL OCAL S HARE O NLY FOR DR-4569 BY C ATEGORY
Total Unmet Need
4569-CategoryProjectsTotal Damage
(Local Share Only)
C-Roads and Bridges17$5,411,501.24$253,664.12
D-Water Control Facilities1$76,574.35$3,589.42
74
E-Buildings and Equipment12$794,786.38$37,255.61
F-Utilities5$1,030,820.84$48,319.73
G-Parks, Recreational
2$291,548.32$13,666.33
Facilities, and Other Items
Total -456937$7,605,231.13$356,495.22
Source: FEMA February 2022
2.Hazard Mitigation Grant Program
The FEMA Hazard Mitigation Grant Program (HMGP) serves as a resource to fund programs
that reduce the risk of loss of life and property and is activatedfollowing a presidential major
disaster declaration. HMGP funds, provided at the amount of FEMA disaster recovery
assistance under the presidential declaration, are allocated on a sliding scale formula based on
an appropriate percentage of the estimated total of federal assistance (less administrative costs)
wherein each individual activity is required to have at least a 25 percent non-federal cost share.
The HMGP funding ceiling is estimated by FEMA at 90-days post disaster and maintained at the
same amount until a lock-in ceiling is established six months after the disaster declaration.
Twelve months after adisaster declaration,a final review of the lock-in ceiling determines an
official final amount of HMGP fundsavailable to jurisdictions. The final amount will not be less
than the six-month lock-in amount.
CalOES manages the State of Californi
provided the following data in February 2022. This data will continue to evolve as projects are
approved by FEMA and any changes will be reflected in subsequent Action Plan amendments
or program design.
The figures below show the total HMGP applications from DR-4569 impacted counties and
reflect the mitigation needs of the disaster impacted areas. In total, eligible applicantssubmitted
a total of over $52 million in projects and need a total of $16.9 million in local match. The list of
applicants does not reflect the total counties eligible in DR-4569 since applications are
voluntary.
F IGURE 83:HMGPP ROGRAM A PPLICATIONS AND L OCAL M ATCH DR-4569
CountyTotal HMGP RequestTotal Local Match Needed
Los Angeles$16,636,780$6,092,427
Napa$971,250$242,813
San
Bernardino$1,500,000$187,500
San Diego$1,671,576$360,686
San Mateo$2,675,000$675,000
Santa Clara$3,106,169$747,880
Shasta$23,542,135$7,836,992
Sonoma$2,605,342$677,389
Total -4569$52,708,252$16,820,687
Source: FEMA February 2022
75
The following figure provides the total HMGP request and local match needed for DR-4558
impacted counties. In total DR-4558 counties submitted over $40 million in HMGP projects and
need a total local match of $9.5 million.
F IGURE 84:HMGPP ROGRAM A PPLICATIONS AND L OCAL M ATCH DR-4558
CountyTotal ImpactUnmet Need
Butte$985,300$246,325
Lake$2,690,229$675,891
Mendocino$1,653,059$444,763
Monterey$775,864$135,824
Napa$8,294,666$1,274,493
San Mateo$9,707,311$2,429,997
Santa Cruz$2,402,972$783,669
Sonoma$3,502,734$1,004,290
Trinity$9,999,976$2,499,994
Tulare$100,000$25,000
Total -4558$40,112,111$9,520,245
Source: FEMA February 2022
The figure below lists the typesof HMGP projects submitted and currently in review by FEMA.
The variety of mitigation projects below in DR-4558 and DR-4569 impacted counties represent
the current mitigation needs of the communities that were able to submit HMGP applications.
F IGURE 85:HMGPA PPLICATIONS F OR 4569A ND 4558A S O F F EBRUARY 2022(I N FEMA
R EVIEW)
Butte
Fire Protection & Prevention Community Education
Generators: Butte County Fire Station
Lake
Hidden Valley Lake Defensive Space and Ignition Resistant Construction (DSIRC)
HVLCSD Water Distribution System Advance Assistance Project
Lake County Special Districts Replacement of Redwood Water Storage Tanks Number 3 and 4 Project
Los Angeles
1st ES East Building Seismic Retrofit
Albion ES Auditorium Seismic Retrofit
Aldama ES Main Building & Auditorium Seismic Retrofit
Automated Earthquake Early Warning System
Backup Generator for Topanga Forks Pump Station in Los Angeles County
Bell Hazard Mitigation Planning Grant
City of Carson Hazard Mitigation Plan
City of Hermosa Beach LHMP Update
City of La Habra Heights, -Emergency Power Generator
City of Long Beach Hazard Mitigation Plan
City of Los Angeles Hazard Mitigation Plan Review and Update
76
City of Monrovia Electrical System Backup Generator Project
City of Monterey Park Local Hazard Mitigation Plan Update (MPK LHMP Plan Update)
City of Rancho Palos Verdes Goat Vegetation Management Project
City of Whittier 2021 Natural Hazard Mitigation Plan Update
Irving MS-Auditorium Seismic Retrofit
LA+USC Outpatient Clinic Seismic Retrofit
Local Hazard Mitigation Plan Update
Lockwood ES Main Building Seismic Retrofit
Metropolitan Water District of Southern California Hazard Mitigation Plan New Plan
Micheltorena ES Main Building Seismic Retrofit
Seismic Retrofitting Four City Buildings 2021
Seismic Upgrades to Potable Water Reservoirs
Update to Local Hazard Mitigation Plan
Update to the 2017 Hazard Mitigation Plan
Wildfire & Vegetation Management
Mendocino
Mendocino County Critical Facilities Generators
Orr Springs Road Fuels Reduction
Monterey
Advance Assistance -Nacimiento Dam Spillway Plunge Pool Mitigation Development
Napa
Advance Assistance -Kimball Creek Dam Raise
Emergency Backup Power
Napa County Critical Facilities Clean Backup Power for Berryessa Highlands
St. Helena Defensible Space and Fuels Management
St. Helena Hospital Defensible Space and Hazardous Fuels Removal Project
St. Helena Hospital Water Main Hardening Project
Wastewater Treatment Plant Emergency Backup Power
San Bernardino
City of Ontario Local Hazard Mitigation Plan (Update)
City of Redlands Seismic Assessment of Potable Wells, Pump Stations, and Transmission Main
East Valley Water District Water Main Seismic Retrofit
San Bernardino County Flood Mitigation-Advance Assistance
Slope Stabilization -Mt. Vernon Avenue
San Diego
California Wildfire Mitigation Program -San Diego County
San Diego County Advance Assistance (AA) Flood Resilience Project
San Mateo
Price Storm Drainage Pump Station Improvement Project
Redwood Shores Sea Level Rise Protection Advance Assistance
San Mateo County Events and Emergency Operations Center Generator and Electrical Upgrade
Project
Wildfire Hazard Fuel Reduction at Junipero Serra County Park
77
Wildfire Hazard Risk Reduction at Edgewood County Park and Natural Preserve
Santa Clara
Cupertino Civic Center Plaza Microgrid
Los Gatos Hazardous Fuel Reduction
Santa Clara County Multi-Jurisdictional Multi-Hazard Mitigation Plan Update
Santa Cruz
County of Santa Cruz Roadside Hazardous Fuel Reduction Program
Jordan Gulch Middle Fork Embankment Stabilization
Lick Observatory Vegetation Management Project
Shasta
California Wildfire Mitigation Program Shasta County
Sonoma
Charles M. Schulz Airport Operations Center Backup Generator
City of Rohnert Park Water Tank System Seismic Retrofit
Healdsburg Badger Substation Liquefaction Mitigation Measures
RRCSD LHMP 2023 Update
SCWA LHMP 2023 Update
Wildfire Fuel Reduction Project
Trinity
Trinity County Hazardous Fuels Reduction
Tulare
Multi-Jurisdictional Local Hazard Mitigation Plan Update
J.Economic Revitalization Unmet Need
The SBA offers Business Physical Disaster Loans and Economic Injury Disaster Loans (EIDL)
to businesses to repair or replace disaster damaged property, including real estate, inventories,
supplies, machinery, equipment,and working capital until normal operations resume.
Businesses of all sizes are eligible. Private, nonprofit organizations such as charities, churches,
and private universities are also eligible. The law limits these business loans to $2 million and
the amount cannot exceed the verified uninsured disaster loss.In total for Business and EIDL
approved applications in 2020 disaster impacted areas, applicants requested over $86 million in
support, while only $7.2 million has been dispersed to date. This leaves $78.8 million in unmet
needs for businesses in impacted areas.
F IGURE 86:T OTAL SBAB USINESS L OANS A PPROVED
Sum of Total Verified Sum of Total Amount
CountyUnmet Need
LossDisbursed
Butte$688,899$176,200$512,699
Fresno$126,426$110,200$16,226
Lake$0$112,600-$112,600
Lassen$0$0$0
Los Angeles$12,000$12,000$0
78
Madera$0$0$0
Mendocino$0$0$0
Monterey$116,377$25,000$91,377
Napa$73,341,678$2,859,600$70,482,078
San
$0$0$0
Bernardino
San Diego$0$298,600-$298,600
San Mateo$4,600$250,000-$245,400
Santa Clara$0$900,000-$900,000
Santa Cruz$1,397,188$885,100$512,088
Shasta$0$0$0
Siskiyou$0$0$0
Solano$571,431$801,500-$230,069
Sonoma$4,683,481$864,600$3,818,881
Stanislaus$0$0$0
Trinity$0$0$0
Tulare$0$0$0
Yolo$5,229,161$0$5,229,161
Total$86,171,242$7,295,400$78,875,842
Source: Small Business Administration, January 2022
The following figure shows the breakdown of application status for DR-4569. Only 30
applications out of 428 have beenapproved.
F IGURE 87:SBAA PPLICANT B REAKDOWN,EIDL AND B USINESS L OANS DR-4569
Auto Decline Grand
CountyApprovedDeclinedDuplicateWithdrawn
-CreditTotal
Fresno29912243
Los Angeles24335281163
Madera2911
Mendocino211711
Napa2331312262
San
1162037
Bernardino
San Diego210712444
Shasta112
Siskiyou214925
Sonoma18521430
Grand Total3090918209428
Source: Small Business Administration, January 2022
79
F IGURE 88:SBAA PPLICANT B REAKDOWN,EIDL AND B USINESS L OANS DR-4558
CountyApprovedAuto Decline -CreditDeclinedDuplicateWithdrawnGrand Total
Butte81327-66114
Lake-6111826
Lassen-1--12
Monterey456-2439
Napa2971523487
San Mateo183-2840
Santa Clara-5812741
Santa Cruz131923383141
Solano769-3355
Sonoma7106-2952
Stanislaus----11
Tulare-3--25
Yolo223-1118
Grand Total71851017357621
Source: Small Business Administration, January 2022
The figure below compares the total applications compared to total approved application and
the total amount of EIDL distributed to date for DR-4569 and DR-4558 impacted areas.
F IGURE 89:SBAE CONOMIC I NJURY D ISASTER L OAN,DR-4569
Total of EIDL
4569 CountiesTotal ApplicationsTotal Approved Applications
Disbursed
Fresno40430$60,200.00
Los Angeles110026
Madera734
Mendocino453
Napa21548
San Bernardino2955
San Diego35310$298,600.00
Shasta656
Siskiyou13128
Sonoma22418
Source: Small Business Administration, January 2022
F IGURE 90:SBAE CONOMIC I NJURY D ISASTER L OAN,DR-4558
Total SBA EIDL Total Approved EIDL
County -4558Total of EIDL Disbursed
ApplicationsApplications
Butte111$25,000
Lake61$112,600
Lassen1
Monterey12
Napa303$139,600
80
San Mateo18
Santa Clara223$900,000
Santa Cruz5911$692,100
Solano151$7,200
Sonoma619$792,700
Stanislaus1
Tulare1
Yolo4
Source: Small Business Administration, January 2022
F IGURE 91:EIDLA ND B USINESS L OANS DR-4558
County -4558ApprovedTotal LoansTotal Verified LossTotal Distributed
Butte8152$366,533,486$151,200
Lake45$26,122$0
Lassen3$0$0
Mendocino3$0$0
Monterey449$1,340,705$25,000
Napa29114$76,974,096$2,720,000
San Mateo163$933,223$250,000
Santa Clara73$831,481$0
Santa Cruz13184$9,965,779$193,000
Solano782$2,735,622$794,300
Sonoma770$7,412,185$71,900
Stanislaus2$0$0
Tulare8$543,117$0
Yolo232$5,913,825$0
Source: Small Business Administration, January 2022
F IGURE 92:EIDL AND B USINESS L OANS DR4569
Total SBA Total Approved SBA Total Verified Total
Counties -4569
ApplicationsApplicationsLossDistributed
Fresno311$1,035,180$103,100
Los Angeles1131$42,660,710$12,000
Madera8$1,400,988$0
Mendocino9$508,653$0
Napa4523$88,031,414$100,000
San Bernardino25$62,522$0
San Diego29$1,530,898$0
Shasta$0$0
Siskiyou23$21,091,956$0
Sonoma191$1,265,478$25,000
Grand Total30226$157,587,799$240,100
Source: Small Business Administration, January 2022
81
Affirmatively Further Fair Housing
Disasters exacerbate existing problems in a community, particularly as protected classes have
fewer resources to rebound from them. With high housing costs across the state and limited
options available, disasters further tighten already stressed housing markets, including many
areas impacted by the 2020 disasters. Due to lack of available housing, many disaster
survivors, if financially able, move out of the area or state, while others are forced to live in
34
temporary housing or lose their home.=@:%HCD is committed to Affirmatively Furthering Fair
Housingand all disaster recovery and mitigation programs will adhere to its approved Analysis
35
of Impediments to Fair Housing.HCD goes beyond the federal requirements for furthering fair
housing including implementation of AB 686, and the ongoing work of the FairHousing and
36
Accountability and Enforcement teams within the department.The following provides an
analysis of federal protected classes within the areas impacted by the 2020 disasters, including
Most Impacted and Distressed Areas. The Fair Housing Act defines federal protected classes
as race, color, national origin, religion, sex, familial status, and disability. HCD is committed to
fulfilling its fair housing and civil rights duties for all CDBG-DR and Mitigation activities.
Furthermore, fair housing and civil rights obligations, including potential impacts to protected
classes, will be taken into consideration in the event that CDBG-DR and Mitigationfunds are re-
programmed in the future.
This section of the Action Plan includes an assessment ofeligible areas forCDBG-DR
and Mitigation funds. HCD confirms that none of its proposed programswill have an
unjustified discriminatory effect or failure to benefit racial and ethnic minorities in
proportion to their communities needs particularly in racially and ethnically concentrated
areas of poverty. HCD also provides details on the impacts to persons with disabilities in
this section, the outreach and engagement section, and notes how programs will
consider persons with disabilities in the proposed program section.
This section of the Action Plan, as well as the previous section, provides detail on the
racial and ethnic make-up of the population that align with proposed programsbased on
section provides data at the lowest level available for the following populations:
o Renters and owners;
o Limited English Proficient populations;
o Persons with disabilities;
o Federally protected classes;
o Indigenous populations;
o Racially and ethnically concentrated areas of poverty; and
34
Fixing America'sBroken Disaster Housing Recovery System-Part One: Barriers to a Complete and Equitable
National Low Income Housing Coalitionand Fair Share Housing Center, September 4, 2020),
https://nlihc.org/sites/default/files/Fixing-Americas-Broken-Disaster-Housing-Recovery-System_P1.pdf.
35
Development, June 2020, https://www.hcd.ca.gov/policy-research/plans-reports/docs/final2020ai.pdf
36
https://www.hcd.ca.gov/community-
development/affh/index.shtmland more information on accountability and enforcement work is found here:
https://www.hcd.ca.gov/community-development/accountability-enforcement.shtml
82
o Historically distressed and underserved communities.
This section examines data showing protected classes, vulnerable populations, and
historically underserved groups in the areas impacted by the 2020 disasters, including
maps showing LMI and RECAP areas. The Outreach and Engagement section provides
how protected classes can participate in the planning process, which protected classes
may be recipients or beneficiaries of CDBG-DR or Mitigation
approach to ensuring both outreach and program activities follow both federal and state
requirements in terms of accessibility and reasonable accommodation.
l
proposed programs addressing barriers that individuals may face when enrolling in and
accessing CDBG-DR assistance.
This section provides an analysis of the proximity of natural and environmental hazards
to affected populations in the MID area including protected classes, vulnerable
populations, and underserved communities.
Racially and Ethnically Concentrated Areas of Poverty
HUD defines Racially and Ethnically Concentrated Areas of Poverty (RECAP) as areas that
have a non-White population of 50 percent or more with 40 percent or more of the population in
in poverty, or a poverty rate that is greater than three times the average poverty rate in thearea.
The following maps show the RECAP areas within the counties impacted by DR-4558 and DR-
4569.
83
F IGURE 93:RECAPA REAS A ND FEMAIAM AJOR/S EVERE P ROPERTIES N ORTHERN CA
Source: HUD, April 2022; FEMA; U.S. Census Bureau, ESRI
84
F IGURE 94:RECAPA REAS A ND FEMAIAM AJOR/S EVERE P ROPERTIES S OUTHERN CA
Source: HUD, April 2022; FEMA; U.S. Census Bureau, ESRI
Poverty Rate
People living in poverty are disproportionately affected bydisasters.People in povertyaremore
likely to be exposed to disasters due to a higherlikelihood to live in riskier areasdisaster risk
and a history of redlining nonwhite, lower income populations to high-riskareas makes homes in
riskier areas more accessible and less expensive for people in poverty. People in poverty are
also more vulnerable to the long-term economic impacts of disasters, as they lack the resources
37
andwealth recoverquicklyfrom the impacts of disaster.
Of the counties impacted byDR-4558and 4569, Butte, Fresno, Madera,Trinity and Tulare have
the highest poverty rates,withmore than 19 percent of the population living in poverty.San
Mateo, Santa Clara, and Napa have the lowest poverty rates,withless than 8 percent of the
37
StéphaneHallegatteet alFrom Poverty to Disaster and Back: AReview of the LiteratureEconomics of
Disasters and Climate Change4, no. 1 (April 24, 2020): pp. 223-247,https://doi.org/10.1007/s41885-020-00060-5.
85
population living in poverty. In total, the disaster impactedover 3,000,000 people living in
poverty across all impacted counties.
F IGURE 95:4558P OVERTY R ATE B Y C OUNTY
CountyTotalBelow poverty levelPercent below poverty level
Butte220,09141,97419.1%
Lake63,15711,75318.6%
Lassen21,0102,83013.5%
Mendocino85,68415,25117.8%
Monterey 416,28454,39313.1%
Napa136,36010,6147.8%
San Mateo761,22651,0856.7%
Santa Clara1,896,320142,5347.5%
Santa Cruz262,22434,41913.1%
Solano430,78041,1219.5%
Sonoma492,49045,4189.2%
Stanislaus538,64381,41515.1%
Trinity12,4632,37219.0%
Tulare456,186108,51223.8%
Yolo209,22239,91919.1%
Source: U.S. Census Bureau, 2015-2019 American Community Survey, 5-Year Estimates
F IGURE 96:4569P OVERTY R ATE BY C OUNTY
CountyTotalBelow poverty levelPercent below poverty level
Fresno968,001218,25422.5%
Los Angeles9,928,7731,480,44614.9%
Madera146,83729,27319.9%
Mendocino85,68415,25117.8%
Napa136,36010,6147.8%
San Bernadino2,091,206333,61316.0%
San Diego3,234,305374,78711.6%
Shasta176,27429,42316.7%
Siskiyou43,0748,10218.8%
Sonoma492,49045,4189.2%
Source: U.S. Census Bureau, 2015-2019 American Community Survey, 5-Year Estimates
86
F IGURE 97:P OVERTY R ATE M AP N ORTHERN CA
Source: U.S. Census Bureau, 2015-2019 American Community Survey, 5-Year Estimates
87
F IGURE 98:P OVERTY R ATE M AP S OUTHERN CA
Source: U.S. Census Bureau, 2015-2019 American Community Survey, 5-Year Estimates
Housing Tenure
AHarvard Universityposited that renters are
uniquely vulnerable to climate change and related disasters because renters receive less
assistance after disasters than homeowners. The study citeda 2019 HUD analysis of CDBG-
DR-funded recovery examples,which showed that only an eighth of housing activities funding
went to affordable rental construction or rental assistance.They also found that renter
ster risks, and
38
adequate insurance cover.A 2017 survey showed that nearly 40 percent of renters did not
have the funds necessary to evacuate in a disaster-more than three times the percent of
39
homeowners.
38
https://www.jchs.harvard.edu/americas-rental-housing-2022.
39
Ibid.
88
Every county impactedby the 2020disasters is an owner-occupied majority county except for
Los Angeles. At the same time,
population, with the most renter-occupied housing units inButte, Mendocino, Monterey, Santa
Clara, Tulare, Fresno, Los Angeles, San Bernadino, and San Diego which all have more than
40 percent renter-occupied housing units.
F IGURE 99:4558H OUSING T ENURE BY C OUNTY
CountyOwner-occupied housing unitsRenter-occupied housing units
Butte59.0%41.0%
Lake66.4%33.6%
Lassen67.6%32.4%
Mendocino59.9%40.1%
Monterey 51.0%49.0%
Napa64.2%35.8%
San Mateo60.2%39.8%
Santa Clara56.4%43.6%
Santa Cruz60.1%39.9%
Solano61.5%38.5%
Sonoma61.5%38.5%
Stanislaus57.8%42.2%
Trinity68.9%31.1%
Tulare57.1%42.9%
Yolo51.6%48.4%
Source: U.S. Census Bureau, 2015-2019 American Community Survey, 5-Year Estimates
F IGURE 100:4569H OUSING T ENURE B Y C OUNTY
CountyOwner-occupied housing unitsRenter-occupied housing units
Fresno53.3%46.7%
Los Angeles45.8%54.2%
Madera64.1%35.9%
Mendocino59.9%40.1%
Napa64.2%35.8%
San Bernadino59.8%40.2%
San Diego 53.3%46.7%
Shasta64.0%36.0%
Siskiyou65.0%35.0%
Sonoma61.5%38.5%
Source: U.S. Census Bureau, 2015-2019 American Community Survey, 5-Year Estimates
89
Median Housing Value
After disasters, areasthat were affected byor adjacent to disaster incidentsoftenexperiencea
40
statistically significant decline inhousing value.The table below established the median
housing values in impacted counties before the wildfires of 2020. Thepre-2020median house
values for disaster-impactedcounties range from around $200,000 (Lake, Lassen, Tulare,
Fresno, Madera, Shasta) to a high range of$984,000 for Santa Clara and $1,089,400 for San
Mateo County.
F IGURE 101:4558M EDIAN H OUSE V ALUE O WNER O CCUPIED H OUSING
CountyMedianValue
Butte$271,700
Lake$219,400
Lassen$203,000
Mendocino$377,500
Monterey $516,600
Napa$635,900
San Mateo$1,089,400
Santa Clara$984,000
Santa Cruz$756,600
Solano$406,900
Sonoma$609,600
Stanislaus$291,600
Trinity$287,700
Tulare$205,000
Yolo$424,900
Source: U.S. Census Bureau, 2015-2019 American Community Survey, 5-Year Estimates
F IGURE 102:4569M EDIAN H OUSE V ALUE O WNER O CCUPIED H OUSING
CountyMedian valueowner occupied housing
Fresno$255,000
Los Angeles$583,200
Madera$251,200
Mendocino$377,500
Napa$635,900
San Bernadino$328,200
San Diego $563,700
Shasta$252,300
Siskiyou$198,900
40
Journal of Forest Economics33 (December 2018): pp. 1-7,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jfe.2018.09.002.
90
Sonoma$609,600
Source: U.S. Census Bureau, 2015-2019 American Community Survey, 5-Year Estimates
Gross Rent
The median gross rent for disaster impacted counties also exhibitsa wide variation,ranging
fromthelowest pointof $799 gross rent per monthin Tulareand $856 gross rent per month in
Siskiyou to $2,268 gross rent per month in Santa Clara and $2,316 gross rent per month in San
Mateo.
F IGURE 103:4558M EDIAN G ROSS R ENT
CountyMedian gross rent
Butte$ 1,060
Lake$ 978
Lassen$ 956
Mendocino$ 1,146
Monterey $ 1,495
Napa$ 1,700
San Mateo$ 2,316
Santa Clara$ 2,268
Santa Cruz$ 1,717
Solano$ 1,592
Sonoma$ 1,621
Stanislaus$ 1,155
Trinity$ 799
Tulare$ 942
Yolo$ 1,324
Source: U.S. Census Bureau, 2015-2019 American Community Survey, 5-Year Estimates
F IGURE 104:4569M EDIAN G ROSS R ENT
CountyMedian gross rent
Fresno$ 998
Los Angeles$ 1,460
Madera$ 1,014
Mendocino$ 1,146
Napa$ 1,700
SanBernadino$ 1,283
San Diego $ 1,658
Shasta$ 1,039
Siskiyou$ 856
Sonoma$ 1,621
Source: U.S. Census Bureau, 2015-2019 American Community Survey, 5-Year Estimates
91
Educational Attainment
the
educational attainment and their disaster
preparedness level. The studyfound that individuals withpost-secondary educational
attainment were more likely tohavean emergency plan and were more informed onwhere to
41
find criticalinformation duringemergencies.
The tables below show that alldisaster impacted counties have a significant portion of the
population, at least 15,000 people, that have less than a high school degree and at least 40,000
peopleineach county that have no collegeeducation.
F IGURE 105:4558E DUCATIONAL A TTAINMENT
LessHigh school Some
Bachelor's Graduate or
than high graduate college or
County
degreeprofessional degree
school(includesassociate's
graduateequivalency)degree
Butte25,12829,27431,24552,40568,784
Lake22,48326,31230,72754,86152,500
Lassen30,44840,23342,23649,32762,500
Mendocino22,04430,63830,90635,42950,820
Monterey 22,31131,10737,64057,55081,640
Napa26,69134,41844,61664,99783,228
San Mateo27,67436,74747,88879,080120,894
Santa Clara27,72735,85047,30086,004124,577
Santa Cruz23,09730,94441,04461,66578,491
Solano27,13038,25145,58662,57380,063
Sonoma27,02034,01042,39057,26671,176
Stanislaus70,345100,758111,72542,77618,022
Trinity15,98725,66831,17336,11126,563
Tulare19,46529,45533,50154,78578,869
Yolo17,17923,08634,47027,56225,289
Source: U.S. Census Bureau, 2015-2019 American Community Survey, 5-Year Estimates
F IGURE 106:4569E DUCATIONAL A TTAINMENT
Less than High school Some
Bachelor's Graduate or
high graduate college or
County
degreeprofessional degree
school(includesassociate's
graduateequivalency)degree
Fresno20,19728,74334,38853,79878,501
41
Journal of Emergency Management9, no. 4 (January 2011): pp. 45-52,
https://doi.org/10.5055/jem.2011.0066.
92
Los Angeles22,76530,41437,64257,01681,014
Madera20,69930,32632,31157,13064,677
Mendocino22,04430,63830,90635,42950,820
Napa26,69134,41844,61664,99783,228
San24,81631,58737,96154,34175,361
Bernadino
San Diego 23,60831,61538,81661,99085,114
Shasta25,10831,07032,58849,79564,519
Siskiyou19,38428,64628,49139,39954,320
Sonoma27,02034,01042,39057,26671,176
Source: U.S. Census Bureau, 2015-2019 American Community Survey, 5-Year Estimates
F IGURE 107:P OPULATION W ITHOUT AC OLLEGE D EGREE M AP N ORTHERN CA
Source: U.S. Census Bureau, 2015-2019 American Community Survey, 5-Year Estimates
93
F IGURE 108:P OPULATION W ITHOUT AC OLLEGE D EGREE M AP S OUTHERN CA
Source: U.S. Census Bureau, 2015-2019 American Community Survey, 5-Year Estimates
Impacts on Low-and Moderate-Income(LMI)Populations
Proposed disaster recovery and mitigation activitiesmust prioritize the protection of low-and-
moderateincome (LMI) persons and meet the overall LMI benefit national objective. Seventy
percentofCDBG-DRfunds must be spent to benefit LMI persons and 80 percent of the total
allocation must be expended to benefitpopulations within the MID. As defined by HUD, LMI
households earn a gross household income of under 80 percent of Area Median Income (AMI),
adjusted for family size.Lake, Tulare,and Los Angeles countiescontain LMIpopulations
accounting for morethan 51%of the total county populations.While the rest of the countiesare
not considered LMI designated counties, they dohave significant LMI populations that make up
at least 38 percent of the total population.
94
F IGURE 109:4558LMIP OPULATION D ATA B Y C OUNTY
Total 2015 Low-to-Total 2015 Low-to-
2011-2015 Percentage Low-to-
County
Moderate Income moderate Universe
Moderate Income Estimate
PersonsPopulation
Butte99,833217,09546.0%
Lake32,50063,17551.4%
Lassen8,35521,72038.5%
Mendocino39,09085,22545.9%
Monterey200,300408,77549.0%
Napa56,784135,72041.8%
San Mateo339,795738,96546.0%
Santa Clara753,4891,834,32041.1%
Santa Cruz128,945257,45050.1%
Solano163,204414,76039.4%
Sonoma199,775486,14541.1%
Stanislaus108,434247,32543.84%
Trinity6,36013,05548.7%
Tulare240,338448,08353.6%
Yolo100,465199,24550.4%
Source: HUD 2011 2015 LMI
F IGURE 110:4569LMIP OPULATION D ATA B Y C OUNTY
Total 2015 Low-to-Total 2015 Low-to-
2011-2015 Percentage Low-
County
Moderate Income Moderate Universe
to-Moderate Income Estimate
PersonsPopulation
Fresno462,085938,78049.2%
Los Angeles5,526,1549,863,02556.0%
Madera69,150144,37547.9%
Mendocino39,09085,22545.9%
Napa56,784135,72041.8%
894,8682,043,42543.8%
San
San Diego1,494,8103,134,09047.7%
Shasta75,015175,92542.6%
Siskiyou21,68043,27050.1%
Sonoma199,775486,14541.1%
Source: HUD 2011 2015 LMI
95
F IGURE 111:L OW-A ND M ODERATE-I NCOME P OPULATION MAPN ORTHERN CA
Source: HUD 2011 2015 LMI
96
F IGURE 112:L OW-AND M ODERATE-I NCOME P OPULATION M AP S OUTHERN CA
Source: HUD 2011 2015 LMI
HUDIncome Limits
Proposed disaster recovery andmitigation programs and projects must prioritize the protection
of low-and-moderateincome (LMI) persons and meet the overall LMI benefit national objective.
Seventypercent ofCDBG-DRfunds must be spent to benefit LMI persons and80 percent must
be expended to benefit the MID. As defined by HUD, LMI households earn a gross household
42
income of under 80 percent of Area Median Income (AMI), adjusted for family size.Statewide
median income as of 2021in California is $90,100; a household of four is considered LMI if
43
earning a gross income of $64,850or less.
42
U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development Office of Planning and Community Development. Laws and
Regulations:Low-and Moderate-Income Definitions under the CDBG Program. Available at:
https://www.huduser.gov/portal/datasets/cdbg-income-limits.html
43
fornia Code of Regulations (Thomson Reuters Westlaw, 2021),
https://bit.ly/3EXCQDG.
97
F IGURE 113:S TATEWIDE I NCOME L IMITS
Household
1 person2 persons3 persons4 persons5 persons6 persons7 persons8 persons
Size
Extremely Low
$18,900$21,600$24,350$27,050$29,200$31,350$33,500$35,700
Income (30%)
Low Income
$31,550$36,050$40,550$45,050$48,650$52,250$55,850$59,450
(50%)
Low Income
$50,450$57,650$64,850$72,100$77,850$83,600$89,400$95,150
(80%)
Source: 2021 HUD Income Limits
The following figures provide a breakdown of the 2021LMI HUD income limits bycounties
impacted byDR-4558 and DR-4569.
F IGURE 114:4558I NCOME L IMITS
1245678
3 persons
County
personpersonspersonspersonspersonspersonspersons
Butte$39,050$44,600$50,200$55,750$60,250$64,700$69,150$73,600
Fresno$39,050$44,600$50,200$55,750$60,250$64,700$69,150$73,600
Lake$39,050$44,600$50,200$55,750$60,250$64,700$69,150$73,600
Lassen$40,450$46,200$52,000$57,750$62,400$67,000$71,650$76,250
Los Angeles$66,250$75,700$85,150$94,600$102,200$109,750$117,350$124,900
Madera$39,050$44,600$50,200$55,750$60,250$64,700$69,150$73,600
Mendocino$40,500$46,300$52,100$57,850$62,500$67,150$71,750$76,400
Monterey $56,950$65,100$73,250$81,350$87,900$94,400$100,900$107,400
Napa$63,050$72,050$81,050$90,050$97,300$104,500$111,700$118,900
San Bernadino$44,250$50,600$56,900$63,200$68,300$73,350$78,400$83,450
San Diego $67,900$77,600$87,300$97,000$104,800$112,550$120,300$128,050
San Mateo$102,450$117,100$131,750$146,350$158,100$169,800$181,500$193,200
Santa Clara$82,450$94,200$106,000$117,750$127,200$136,600$146,050$155,450
Santa Cruz$78,050$89,200$100,350$111,500$120,450$129,350$138,300$147,200
Shasta$39,800$45,450$51,150$56,800$61,350$65,900$70,450$5,000
Siskiyou$39,050$44,600$50,200$55,750$60,250$64,700$69,150$73,600
Solano$54,350$62,100$69,850$77,600$83,850$90,050$96,250$102,450
Sonoma$65,150$74,450$83,750$93,050$100,500$107,950$115,400$122,850
Stanislaus$39,950 $45,650 $51,350 $57,050 $61,650 $66,200 $70,750 $75,350
Trinity$39,050 $44,600 $50,200 $55,750 $60,250 $64,700 $69,150 $73,600
Tulare$39,050 $44,600 $50,200 $55,750 $60,250 $64,700 $69,150 $73,600
Yolo$49,650$56,750$63,850$70,900$76,600$82,250$87,950$93,600
Source: 2021 HUD Income Limits
98
F IGURE 115:4569HUDI NCOME L IMITS
12345678
County
personpersonspersonspersonspersonspersonspersonspersons
Fresno$39,050$44,600$50,200$55,750$60,250$64,700$69,150$73,600
Los Angeles$66,250$75,700$85,150$94,600$102,200$109,750$117,350$124,900
Madera$39,050$44,600$50,200$55,750$60,250$64,700$69,150$73,600
Mendocino$40,500$46,300$52,100$ 57,850$62,500$67,150$71,750$76,400
Napa$63,050$72,050$81,050$90,050$97,300$104,500$111,700$118,900
San Bernadino$44,250$50,600$56,900$63,200$68,300$73,350$78,400$83,450
San Diego$67,900$77,600$87,300$97,000$104,800$112,550$120,300$128,050
Shasta$39,800$45,450$51,150$56,800$61,350$65,900$70,450$75,000
Siskiyou$39,050$44,600$50,200$55,750$60,250$64,700$69,150$73,600
Sonoma$65,150$74,450$83,750$93,050$100,500$107,950$115,400$122,850
Source: 2021 HUD Income Limits
Impact on Housing
Most Impacted and Distressed Areas
The total claims filed within the Most Impacted and Distressed areas represented 55 percent of
the claims in the MID Counties and 20 percent of the claims in the MID zip codes.MID counties
also represented 58 percent of total claims resulting in total loss and MID zip codes represent
38 percent of total claims resulting in total loss. The sum of the losses incurred in the MID
Counties was $2,151,660,054 or 58 percent of the total losses incurred, and the sum of losses
incurred in the MID zip codes was $1,805,900,609 or 49 percent of total losses incurred. Total
losses were highest in Santa Cruz Countyat about $800 million, and the94574 zip code at
about $476 million. The 96047incurred the lowest amount of direct loss at $36million.
F IGURE 116:MIDR ESIDENTIAL I NSURANCE C LAIMS FOR DR-4558 AND DR-4569
Sum of
Sum of Number of
CountiesNumber of ClaimsSum of Losses Incurred
Claims
Resulting in
Total Loss
MID Counties
Butte1,151511$275,660,707
Napa2,240393$785,190,738
Santa Cruz5,631702$896,012,754
Los Angeles8,13767$166,775,590
99
Siskiyou10668$28,020,265
17,2651,741$2,151,660,054
Most Impacted and Distressed
Total for Counties
MID Zip Codes
93602407156$100,234,661
93664326101$74,616,120
94558521172$157,694,393
94574706144$476,797,756
9540430777$113,990,526
954092,837160$385,546,610
9544824160$95,379,272
95688894213$365,367,329
9604711747$36,273,942
Most Impacted and Distressed 6,3561,130$1,805,900,609
Total for ZipCodes
K.Mitigation Needs Assessment
1.Overview
The geographic breadth, unprecedented severity, and diversity of communities impacted by the
2020 wildfires creates unique challenges to recovery, as well as opportunities to integrate
The Federal Register Notice sets forth new requirements that grantees use 15 percent of their
total allocation to fund mitigation activities and requires that grantees include a mitigation needs
assessment in the Action Plan that clearly illustrates the connections between impactsof
current and future hazards,mitigationneeds, and proposed mitigation activities. To address this
challenge, this Action Plan includes:
A Mitigation Needs Assessment in this plan in addition to a disaster recovery-focused
unmet needsassessment
Proposed mitigation activities that clearlytie back to the 2020 disasters and the
Mitigation Needs Assessment
Proposed eligible activities that do not have a tie-back, but are tied to the Mitigation
Needs Assessment and meet the HUD definition of mitigation
Descriptions of how mitigation measures have been incorporated into recovery-related
construction projects
100
Mitigation activities are those that increase resilience to future disasters and reduce or eliminate
the long-term risk of loss of life, injury, damage to and loss of property, and suffering and
hardship.
HCD conducted the followingrisk-based assessment of current and future hazards to inform the
use of the CDBG-DR mitigation set-aside.Ensuring continuous operation of indispensable
services, whichinclude critical business and government functions, services critical to health
and human safety, and economic security for all community members, is vital toassessing and
planning for disaster mitigation needs.
2.Mitigation Funding Background
On October 29, 2021, the U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development (HUD)
allocated over $2 billion in Community Development Block Grant Disaster Recovery (CDBG
DR) funds appropriated by the Disaster Relief Supplemental Appropriations Act, 2022 (Public
Law 11743). HUD allocated $231,203,000 of that appropriation to the State of California for
disaster recovery and mitigation activities as a result of the 2020 wildfires (DR-4558 and DR-
DR mitigation set-
HUD provided Federal Register Notice 6303N01 (the Notice) on February 3, 2022, as
framework for CDBG-DR and MIT programming. The Notice provides definitions of mitigation
activities, expenditure requirements, and funding timelines separate from the CDBG-DR
allocation provided for thesame disaster events.
Although Public Law 11743 tied the disaster recovery portion of the total allocation to the
State of California to the 2020 wildfires, themitigation set-asideintended to focus on
preventative actions. The Notice requires that MITfunds respond to risks, based on a risk-
based Mitigation Needs Assessment.
In the development of this Action Plan, HCD has reviewed and incorporated the following
resources to enhance the Mitigation Needs Assessment.
Mitigation Plan (SHMP)
FEMA Local Mitigation Planning Handbook
Department of Homeland Security (DHS) Office of Infrastructure Protection,
National Association of Counties, Improving Lifelines Brief,
U.S. Forest Service (USFS) wildland fire resources,
National Interagency Coordination Center for coordinating the mobilization of
resources for wildland fire, and
HUD Community Planning and Development (CPD) Mapping tool
MID Local Hazard Mitigation Plans (LHMPs)
The Mitigation Needs Assessment is updated to consider the California SHMP and LHMPs as
they relate to the MIDsfor the 2020wildfires that occurred from August 14 September 26 (DR-
4558) and from September 4 November 17 (DR 4569).
101
F IGURE 117:2020D ECLARED D ISASTERS AND M OST I MPACTED AND D ISTRESSED A REAS
Source: HUD, ESRI
3.Method
The Mitigation Needs Assessment builds ondocuments developed by the State of California to
address state and local mitigation efforts including: the SHMP, the LHMPs, data collected from
county resources, and the local stakeholder knowledge in disaster-impacted areas. The
Mitigation Needs Assessment captures a point in time for the mitigation needs of the DR-4558
and DR-4569 impacted areasandresponds to requirements set forth in the FRN. If new risks
are identified, or risks identified in this Action Plan are addressed, the state may update the
Mitigation Needs Assessment through a non-substantial or substantial Action Plan Amendment.
The following section provides a risk-based Mitigation Needs Assessment that identifies and
analyzes current and future disasters.
102
4.State Hazard Mitigation Plan
Theserves as the foundation for the
Mitigation Needs Assessment. D
Services (Cal OES)and approved by FEMA in 2018, the SHMP is a federallymandated
documentthat identifies hazards that could potentially affect California and lays out a state-wide
1
planto reduce loss of life and propertythat may be caused by a disaster.The SHMP is
currently being updated and an update is expected by 2023.
2
Cal OES led the development of the 2018 SHMP pursuant to 44 CFR part 201.4.The State
Hazard Mitigation Team (SHMT), comprisedof 800 members from public, private, local, tribal,
state, and federal agencies, and over 300 organizations, drafted the SHMP using analysis and
The development of this
Action Plan, as well as all Californiaaction plans and amendments since 2018, were directly
informed by findings and risk assessment produced by the 2018 SHMP process.
CDBG-DRfundsfor activities proposed in this plan.
risks.
As of May 2022,the 2018 SHMP remains the guiding document for the development of this
Mitigation Needs Assessment. Cal OES is in the early stages of updating the SHMP, with the
goal of publishing for public review by December 2022 and approval and adoption by
September 23, 2023. Cal OES and is convening working group meetings with partner state
agencies to review and update relevant sections of the plan, and to document any changes from
the 2018 publication.
The2018 SHMParranged risk assessments into groupings of hazards with similar
characteristics. While the SHMP addresses ahost of disasterswith potential to impact the state,
s. Thesethree
hazardshavehistorically caused the greatest human, property, and/or monetary losses, as well
as economic, social, and environmental disruptions within the state. They also have the greatest
potential to cause significant losses and disruptions in the future.
Past major disaster events have led to the adoption of statewide plans for mitigation of these
hazards, including the California Earthquake Loss Reduction Plan, State Flood Hazard
Mitigation Plan, and California Fire Plan.
As a result of the frequency,
3
main hazards of concern, including the findings of the 2018 SHMP.
For example, earthquake, while still considered a primary hazard, is grouped with related
geologic hazards including landslides and volcanoes. Flooding is still considered a
primary hazard, but the new flood hazards also include sections on other types of flood
hazards, including coastal flooding, tsunami, levee failure, and dam safety. The third
primary hazard, fire, includes both wildfire and structural fires. During the most recent
SHMP update, the SHMT, made the decision with the Cal OES SHMP Coordinator to
update the hazard organizationstructure using primary hazards, hazard grouping, and
related secondary hazards.
103
F IGURE 118:S TATE OF C ALIFORNIA P RIMARY H AZARD G ROUPING
HazardHazard Grouping
Earthquake -Earthquakes represent the most
Landslide and Other Earth Movement
destructive source of hazards, risk, and
Volcano
vulnerability, both in terms of recent state history
and the probability of future destruction of greater
magnitudes.
Flood -Floods represent the second most
Riverine, Stream and Alluvial Flood
destructive source of hazard, vulnerability, and
Sea-Level Rise, Coastal Flooding, and
risk, both in terms of recent state history and the
Erosion
probability of future destruction at greater
Tsunami andSeiche
magnitudes than previously recorded.
Levee Failure and Safety
Dam Failure and Safety
Fire-California is recognized as one of the most
Wildfire
fire-prone natural landscapes in the world.
Urban Structural Fires
Source: CA SHMP Section 1.2 -page 8
5.Primary Hazard Rankings -2020Impacted Counties
The relative rank of the three main hazards as derived from review of California-approved
LHMPs as of April 2022is shown in Figures 4 and 5. All counties have risk for the primary
hazards of flood, fire, and earthquake, as these hazards are neither localized nor limited to any
one region and have large area impact when they do occur. Counties with proximity to major
fault lines or that contain areas with large amounts of biomass will have one or more of the
primary hazards with a high ranking. In Figure 4, Butte County has a high ranking for flood and
fire risks because its geography includes the Sacramento River aswell as large forested areas.
Butte County also contains a minor active fault line that covers a small area, but it is not as likely
to cause the same amount of damage as a fire or flood, thus dropping the relative ranking for
earthquake to moderate. Figure 5 lists the higher ranked primary hazards by county,
demonstrating that these are also not localized hazards. For example,afire burning in Sonoma
4
may spread and impact parts of Napa or Mendocino counties as well.
5
F IGURE 119:P RIMARY H AZARD R ANKING,BY 2020I MPACTED C OUNTIES
CountyRankingHazard
Butte Flood
High
Fire
Butte
Moderate to lowEarthquake
FresnoFlood
High
Fire
Fresno
Moderate to lowEarthquake
LakeEarthquake
High
Flood
Fire
104
Lassen*no data as of
High
April 2022
Lassen
Moderate to low*no data as of April 2022
Los AngelesEarthquake
High
Flood
Fire
MaderaHighFire
MaderaEarthquake
Moderate to Low
Flood
MendocinoHighEarthquake
MendocinoFlood
Moderate to Low
Fire
MontereyEarthquake
High
Fire
MontereyModerate to Low
NapaHighFire
NapaModerate to LowEarthquake
Flood
San Bernadino
Earthquake
HighFlood
Fire
San DiegoHigh*no data as of April 2022
San DiegoModerate to Low*no data as of April 2022
San MateoHighEarthquake
San MateoModerate to LowFlood
Fire
Santa ClaraEarthquake
High
Flood
Santa ClaraModerate to LowFire
Santa CruzEarthquake
High
Flood
Fire
ShastaEarthquake
High
Flood
Fire
SiskiyouFlood
High
Fire
SiskiyouModerate to LowEarthquake
SolanoEarthquake
High
Flood
Fire
SonomaEarthquake
High
Flood
Fire
StanislausHigh*no data as of April 2022
StanislausModerate to Low*no data as of April 2022
TrinityHighFire
Earthquake
Moderate to Low
Flood
YoloHighFire
105
Flood
YoloModerate or LowEarthquake
F IGURE 120:2020I MPACTED C OUNTIES BY S TATE OF C ALIFORNIA P RIMARY H AZARDS
HazardRankingCounties
Lake, Los Angeles, Mendocino, Monterey, San
EarthquakeHigh
Bernardino, San Mateo, Santa Clara, Santa Cruz,
Shasta
EarthquakeModerate to Low
Butte, Madera, Napa, Siskiyou, Trinity, Yolo
Earthquake
*No Data as of May 2017Lassen, San Diego, Stanislaus
Butte, Fresno, Lake, Los Angeles, San
FloodHigh
Bernardino, Santa Cruz, Shasta, Siskiyou,
Solano, Sonoma, Yolo
Flood
Madera, Mendocino, Napa, San Mateo, Santa
Moderate to Low
Clara, Trinity
Flood
*No Data as of May 2017Lassen, San Diego, Stanislaus
Butte, Fresno, Lake, Los Angeles, Madera,
FireHigh
Monterey, Napa, San Bernardino, Santa Cruz,
Shasta, Siskiyou, Solano, Sonoma, Trinity, Yolo
FireModerate to Low
Mendocino, San Mateo, Santa Clara
Fire
*No Data as of May 2017Lassen, San Diego, Stanislaus
In addition to the three primary hazards, the 2018 SHMP identifies other hazards of concern that
impact various regions of the State of California. These other hazards typically are
characterized by more isolated, localized, and/or infrequent disaster incidents. The figure below
groups secondary hazards into three broad categories with two of the three being human-
caused rather than natural disasters.
S TATE OF C ALIFORNIA O THER H AZARDS OF C ONCERN
F IGURE 121:S TATE OF C ALIFORNIA O THER H AZARDS OF C ONCERN
Other Hazards Category Secondary Hazards
Name
Agricultural and Silvicultural Pests and Diseases
Air Pollution
Aquatic Invasive Species
Avalanches
Other Climate and
Drought and Water Shortages
Weather-Influenced
HazardsEnergy Shortage and Energy Resiliency
Epidemic/Pandemic/Vector Borne Disease
Extreme Heat
Freeze
Severe Weather and Storms
Tree Mortality
106
Hazardous Material Release
Oil Spills
Sociotechnical/
Natural Gas Pipeline Hazards
Technological Hazards
Radiological Accidents
Train Accidents Resulting in Explosions and/or Toxic Releases
Well Stimulation and Hydraulic Fracturing Hazards
Terrorism
Threat and Disturbance
Cyber Threats
Hazards
Civil Disorder in California
The 2018 SHMP thoroughly categorizes each identified hazard, inclusive of a description,
extent, location, hazard history, changing future conditions, impact, future probability, and
does not reference
all sections of the SHMP, but the full final plan is available on the Cal OES website.
The State of California has a total of 451 jurisdictions with adopted and FEMA-approved
LHMPs. Cal OES Hazard Mitigation Planning staff administers the LHMP program for the state.
The figure below provides information about the approval and expiration dates for LHMPs in the
counties impacted by the 2020 wildfires.
F IGURE 122:LHMP S Y EAR A PPROVED AND Y EAR E XPIRED
Plan Plan Approved Plan Expiration
Butte County Local Hazard Mitigation Plan Update October 2019 2024
City of Clearlake Local Hazard Mitigation Plan Update June 2019 2024
Colusa County Local Hazard Mitigation Plan Update 2018 2023
Fresno County Multi-Hazard Mitigation Plan 2018 2023
Glenn County Multi-Jurisdiction Hazard Mitigation Plan 2018 2023
Lake County Hazard Mitigation Plan Update 2018 2023
Lassen County Multi-Jurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Plan
2018 2023
Update
Los Angeles County All-Hazard Mitigation Plan Update ongoing N/A
Madera County Local Hazard Mitigation Plan Update 2017 2022
Monterey County Hazard Mitigation PlanUpdate Update ongoing TBD
Mendocino County Multi-Hazard Mitigation Plan 2014 2019
Napa County Operational Area Hazard Mitigation Plan Update 2020 2025
Nevada County Local Hazard Mitigation Plan Update 2017 2022
Orange County Local Hazard Mitigation Plan Update 2019 2024
San Bernadino County Multi-Jurisdictional Hazard Mitigation
Update ongoing TBD
Plan
San Diego County Multi-Jurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Plan
2018 2023
Update
San Mateo Multijurisdictional Local Hazard Mitigation Plan Update ongoing TBD
Santa Barbara County Multi-Jurisdictional Hazard Mitigation
2017 2022
Plan Update
Santa Clara County Operational Area Hazard Mitigation Plan 2017 2022
Santa Cruz Local Hazard Mitigation Plan 2021 2026
Shasta County and City of Anderson Multi-Jurisdictional Hazard
2017 2022
Mitigation Plan
Siskiyou County Hazard Mitigation Plan 2019 2024
Solano County Multi-Jurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Plan Update ongoing TBD
107
Sonoma County Hazard Mitigation Plan Update 2016(Update currently
2021
underway)
Trinity County Hazard Mitigation Plan September 2016 2021
Tulare County Hazard Mitigation Plan 2018 2023
Ventura County Multi-Hazard Mitigation Plan Update 2015 2020
Yuba County Multi-Jurisdictional Local Hazard Mitigation Plan 2015(Update currently
2020
Update underway)
6.
the risks and mitigation activities identified in the SHMP. Flooding and fire occur the most often.
Most recently fire has emerged as an annual threat roughly comparable to floods. Earthquakes,
on the other hand, have a lower frequency but can result in extreme disaster events and
6
A review of the risks imposed by each primary
hazard related to the MID informed the Mitigation Needs Assessment and provided focus for
proposing mitigation activities.
a.Earthquakes and Geologic Hazards
Earthquakes represent the most destructive hazard, both in terms of recent state history and the
probability of future destruction, inclusive of risk and vulnerability. In the disaster-impacted
counties, earthquakes are identified as a high hazard for six counties, and four counties have
identified earthquakes as a moderate to low hazard.
b.Probability of Seismic Hazards Statewide
Based on the most recent earthquake forecast model for California, the United States
Geological Survey (USGS) and other scientists estimate a 72 percent probability that at least
one earthquake of magnitude 6.7 or greater, capable of causing widespread damage, will strike
the San Francisco Bay Area before 2044. For the Los Angeles region, the same model
forecasts a 60 percent probability that an earthquake of magnitude 6.7 or greater will occur
before 2044.
The figure below demonstrates the risks of impacts and damages from earthquake shaking
throughout California. The more intense estimates follow the major fault lines in the state, such
as the San Andreas, showing which counties are most at risk for building and infrastructure
damage from intense shaking.
108
F IGURE 123:E ARTHQUAKE S HAKING H AZARD A FFECTING B UILDINGS
Source: Branum, D., R. Chen, M. Petersen and C. Wills. 2016. Earthquake Shaking Potential for California. California
Geological Survey, United State Geological Survey. Available at
https://www.conservation.ca.gov/cgs/Documents/MS_048.pdf
The figure below, from the USGS Open File Report 2013-1165, shows the likelihood of an
intense earthquake (6.7 magnitude or greater) across fault lines within the state.
These two figures show the significance of earthquake risks and impacts to regions in California
and the need for preparation and mitigation efforts to reduce the high probability of property and
infrastructure damage during the next large earthquake or series of tremors.
109
F IGURE 124:P ROBABILITY OF E ARTHQUAKE M AGNITUDE 6.7 OR G REATER O CCURRING IN 30
YEARS,BY R EGION
Source: Field, Edward H., Glenn Biasi, Peter Bird, et al. 2013. Uniform California Earthquake Rupture Forecast
Version 3 The Time-Independent Model. U.S. Department of Interior and U.S. Geological Society. Available at:
https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2013/1165/pdf/ofr2013-1165.pdf
c.Probability of Flood Hazards Statewide
The Flood Insurance Rate Map (FIRM) designations identify components of the 500 year and
100-year floodplains. High concentrations of one percent annual chance flood hazard areas are
shown throughout the Central Valley, especially in the Sacramento-San Joaquin Delta region,
as well as in other inland regions.
The figure below, produced by the California Department of Water Resources, shows the flood
hazard areas through the state. The areas designated for one percent and five percent flood
hazards align with major rivers and delta systems that run through the Central Valley and
Sacramento regions, as well as other significant watersheds and reservoirs across the state.
110
F IGURE 125:F LOOD H AZARDS IN C ALIFORNIA
Source: 2018 California State Hazard Mitigation Plan, Section 7.1, page 383
111
F IGURE 126:FEMAF LOOD I NSURANCE R ATE M AP
Source: 2018 California State Hazard Mitigation Plan, Section 7.1, page 386
d.Climate Change and Flood Hazards
Climate change impacts are already being felt throughout the State of California, including the
disaster-impacted counties. Impacts are reflected in the reduction of precipitation in some
regions and an increase in severity and frequency of flooding in other regions. Change in
snowfall or rainfall patterns can also contribute to a severe increase in flooding events. Climate
primary hazards. For example, larger and more frequent wildfires brought on by climate change
112
can reduce the ability of a landscape to retain rainfall, which often leads to flooding and
mudflows.
e.Wildfire Hazards
Wildfire hazards arethe most prominent cause of damage and recovery efforts inCalifornia in
recent years, as evidenced by a series of major disaster declarations and consistent fire
incidentsacross the state since 2015.
In 2017,California received two significant national disaster declarations for wildfires thattook
place across Northern and Southern California over a span of approximately three months. DR-
4344 burned over 200,000 acres, destroying an estimated 7,050 parcels and 8,922 structures.
Additionally, 41 lives were lost in the Central LNU Complex fire in Napa and Sonoma Counties.
DR-4353 burned over 300,000 acres in Southern California and destroyed over 1,000
residences. The fires also impacted electricity, gas, cellular telephone, internet, drainage,
7
sewer, and water services.The damages caused by DR-4344 and DR-4353 weredirectly
As described in earlier sections, the2020 California wildfire season sparkednearly 9,000fires
thatburnedmore than 4% of the state's roughly 100 million acres of land, making 2020 the
44
largest wildfire season recorded in California's modern history.
The disasters of 2020 were followed closely by yet another historic fire season in 2021, when
ongoingdrought, extreme heat, reduced snowpack, and vastly diminished tree mass ignited an
unusually early wildfire season in California. The President issued a major disaster declaration
for Northern California in August of 2021,and by the end of season,approximately 8,800 fires
45
had burned roughly 2.5 million acres of the state.
This trend shows no sign of slowing. According to broad scientific consensus, the frequency and
severity of wildfires in North America are increasing due to climate change, which continues to
46
drive hotter and drier fire seasons in the western United States.
f.Probability of Fire Hazards Statewide
The SHMP identifies flammable expanses of brush, diseased timberland, overstocked forests,
hot and dry summers, extreme topography, intense fire weather and wind events, summer
t.Repeated
destructive fire events and intense fire seasonsfrom 2015 through present day have reinforced
the need to implement robust mitigation efforts.
The current drought in California started in early 2020, following a five-year state-wide drought
from 2012 to 2017. By the end of 2020, nearly 75% of the state was in severe drought
conditions or worse
44
k).
45
Ibid.
46
Climate Change Is Central to California's WildfiresScientific American, October 29, 2020.
113
47
After a briefreprieve in the fall and winter of
that year caused by heavy rain and snow, conditions improved, andas of February 2022, most
of California is considered under severe and moderate drought conditions, with only 2% of the
state in extreme drought.
Continued drought conditionsare particularly troublesome when paired with the impacts of
earlier droughts and wildfires on tree growth and recovery across millions of acres. Drought
which, under healthy conditions, can serve as
a bulwark and stabilizer against rapidly spreading fires. In December 2017, the U.S. Forest
Service (USFS) and CAL FIRE announced that a total of 129 million trees died due to drought
and bark beetles across 8,900,000 acres of the state. Ongoing droughtinhibited tree recovery,
making forests vulnerable to bark beetles and increasing the wildfire risk for California
communities. Under severe or long-term drought conditions, dead and dry trees and vegetation
act as fuel for wildfires.
As of April 2022, several fire-prone areas of the state are experiencing the driestspringmonths
on record. According to 2022Fire Season Outlook, dry conditions and higher-than-
average temperatures are expected to continue through theSpring andwill likelyresult in
48
moderate to extreme droughtfor most of the state by the summer.
Meanwhile, anthropogenic factors such as ignitions, infrastructure, and development at the
wildland-urbaninterface
exposure to those hazards. Approximately 85 percent of all fire ignitions in California are the
result of human activity, with the rest due to lightning.
-recently updated FireLine Risk Report, which analyzes wildfire riskto residential
structuresby examining principal factors like flammable vegetation, topography, fire response
infrastructure, and wind patterns, shows that 2 million housing units15 percent of t
totalare at high and extreme risk of wildfire. Another 1.6 million, or 12 percent, are at
49
moderate risk.
CAL FIRE and the Office of the State Fire Marshal produce maps to show areas with significant
fire hazards based on local fuels, terrain,weather, and other factors. These maps impact
requirements for clearance and property development standards and new construction, as well
as influence risk determinations on properties that are within Fire Hazard Severity Zones. Maps
also include State Responsibility Areas that CAL FIRE oversees, and give a hazard score of
moderate, high, and very-high based on based on a number of factors that influence fire
47
13, 2021), https://drought.ca.gov/media/2021/12/CA_Drought_Update_12-13-21.pdf.
48
https://bit.ly/3MCPZol.
49
October 13, 2021, https://www.verisk.com/insurance/visualize/verisk-2021-wildfire-risk-analysis-provides-updated-
data-on-rising-threat/.
114
likelihood and fire behavior (i.e. fire history, fuel levels, terrain, and weather). Figure 11 shows
the most recent Fire Hazard Severity Zones for state responsibility areas.
F IGURE 127:F IRE H AZARD S EVERITY Z ONES IN S TATE R ESPONSIBILITY A REAS
Source: State of California and the Department of Forestry and Fire Protection, 2007,
https://osfm.fire.ca.gov/media/6636/fhszs_map.pdf
115
g.Wildfire Threat Areas
According to the 2018 SHMP, fire threat is a combination of two factors, fire frequency, or
likelihood of a given area burning and potential fire behavior. The map below highlights the
extent of high, very high, and extreme wildfire threat areas across the state,including areas
impacted by the 2020 fires.
F IGURE 128:W ILDFIRE T HREAT A REAS
Source: California Department of Forestry and Fire Protection, Fire and Resource Assessment Program, Fire Threat.
2019. Available at https://frap.fire.ca.gov/media/10315/firethreat_19_ada.pdf
h.Climate Change and Wildfire Hazard
While wildfires are caused and exacerbated by complex interacting factors, global climate
change isdrivingthe conditions that increase the frequency and severity of major fire disasters
like those in 2017, 2020, and 2021. Climate change alters wildfire hazards in frequency, size,
and severity-often beyond the historic range-bylengthening thefireseason, drying
vegetation, decreasing forest health, and altering ignition patterns.
significant shifts in
temperature, precipitation, flooding, anderosionin the state have all contributed to recent
116
record-breaking wildfire seasons.The average annual temperature in most of California rises 1-
2°Feach yearandis expected to rise 4.4°F5.8°F by mid-century and 5.6°F8.8°F by 2100.
Consequently, warming air temperatures will increase moisture loss from soils, which will lead to
drier seasonal conditions even if precipitation increases.on levels
remain stable,
50
groundwater in the state,are projected to decline by more than 30% by 2050.
The impact of climate change on wildfire hazards grewstarkly apparentas a series of escalating
wildfire seasons pummeled the state over the last several years. The 2020 wildfireseasonwas
the largest recordedseasoninmodern history andfeatured some of the most
destructive single incidentson record, as fewer than40 of the nearly 10,000 firesaccounted the
vast majority of burned acreage.The 2021 wildfire season included four of the 20 largest
wildfires in history andmarks the first time that fire crossed the granite crest of the Sierra,
51
.
Wildland fire also has secondary impacts, in the form of air pollution and soil erosion resulting in
increased siltation in streams and lakes, or mudslides. Areas decimated by fire experience
increases in runoff during rainstorms when vegetation is no longer available tostabilize
absorbent soil.Resulting erosion contributes tomudslides in the immediate area, and rivers and
lakesreceive displaces soil and debris asrunoffwashes downstream. Winds that feed fires also
carry ash and smoke over large areas of the state, often creating hazardous breathing
conditions that can aggravate respiratory conditions or be dangerous with prolonged exposure.
projected up to a 77% increase in average area burned by wildfires and a 50% increase in the
52
frequency of fires exceeding 25,000 acres by 2100.Fortunately, theState has redoubled
worsening fire seasons.
i.Climate Change
Climate change is related to changes in climatological conditions that result from increased
greenhouse gas (GHG) concentrations in the atmosphere which are linked to an increase in
average global temperature. According to the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration
(NOAA) Earth System Research Laboratory Trends in Atmospheric Carbon Dioxide, monthly
GHG levels now exceed 400 parts per million (ppm) for the first time in recorded history.
Increased GHG emissions and global average temperature result in changes to the global
climate shifts in seasonal temperature patterns, changes in precipitation amount, timing and
location, sea-level rise, ocean acidification due to increased carbon dioxide (CO) absorption,
2
altered wind and storm event frequency, severity, and location. These climatological changes
result in prolonged drought, increased coastal flooding and erosion, tree mortality, increase in
50
California, 2021), https://climateresilience.ca.gov/overview/impacts.html.
51
Ibid.
52
2018), https://climateassessment.ca.gov/.
117
average temperatures (more extreme heat days, fewer cold nights), shifts in the water cycle with
less annual snow fall, and more snowmelt and rainwater running off sooner in the year. As a
result, California continues to experience increased extreme weather events and hazards, most
recent examples being heat waves, wildfires, droughts, and floods.
Impacts from climate change are considered secondary hazards in the Mitigation Needs
Assessment. Extreme temperatures and increased or decreased precipitation create the
conditions for more intense fires, flooding, and landslides. These weather events have the
potential to cause injuries or fatalities, environmental damage, property damage, infrastructure
damage, and interruption of operations. Examples of specific types of impacts include softening
of asphalt roads and warping of railroad rails, damage to roads, flooding of roadways, rail
routes, and airports from extreme events, and interruptions to flight plans due to severe
weather.
As a result of the increase in climate augmented extreme weather events and hazards,
California Executive Order S-03-05 created the California Climate Change Assessment
Program. The program executes scientific assessments on the potential impacts of climate
change in California and reports potential climate adaptation responses.
The first assessment was completed and released in 2006 and concentrated on the effects of
climate change on critical state resources including water supply, public health, agriculture,
coastal areas, forestry, and electricity production/demand. The second assessment, released in
2009, provides estimates of the economic impacts of climate change on the state. The third
assessment released in 2012 came as a result of requests for more information regarding
vulnerability and adaptation options discussed in the 2009 California Adaptation Strategy. The
cutting edge climateresearch. The fourth assessment seeks to provide improved vulnerability
assessments based on more in-depth understandings of projected weather extremes, and
reports on scientific results that can support action, especially if greenhouse gas emissions
14
continue to rise.
The state must prepare for a changing climate and increased threat of frequent and extreme
weather events. Verisk Analytics gauged the risk to residential properties in California and found
about 15 percent of all housing units in the state have a high
to extreme risk of wildfire damage. In seven counties, mostly in Northern California, more than
15
two-
j.Environmental Hazards
California has many manmade environmental hazards that effect human morbidity, mortality,
and quality of life that can be magnified during disaster scenarios. These include pollution,
hazardous wastecleanup sites, drinking water contaminants, etc.
The maps below show pollution in percentile in comparison to nationwide pollution around the
most impacted and distressed areas. Pollution burden includes both exposures to ozone
concentrations, traffic, pesticides, PM2.5 concentrations, diesel PM emissions, drinking water
contaminants, ead risk from housing, use of certain high-hazard, high volatility
pesticides, and toxic releases from facilities.Black and Latino Californians both
disproportionately reside in high pollution burden areas and are disproportionately impacted by
high pollution burdens. Pollution not only leads to major health issues like asthma, cancer, low
118
birth weight, cardiovascular disease
53
ecosystem resources.The below maps show that Los Angeles is the MID with the most air
th
pollution with most of the southern part of the county in the nationwide top 30percentile for air
pollution.The maps below also show the locations of superfund sites which are polluted
locations in the United States requiring long term cleanup due to hazardous material
contamination.
F IGURE 129:A IR P OLLUTION MIDN ORTHERN CA
Source: CalEnviroScreen 4.0, ESRI
53
Assessment, 2021), https://oehha.ca.gov/media/downloads/calenviroscreen/report/calenviroscreen40reportf2021.pdf.
119
F IGURE 130:A IR P OLLUTION MID-C ENTRAL CA
Source: CalEnviroScreen 4.0, ESRI
120
F IGURE 131:A IR P OLLUTION MID-L OS A NGELES
Source: CalEnviroScreen 4.0, ESRI
The below maps outline cleanup sites in California. These can include superfund sites which are
shown by location in each map but also . Superfund sites are
contaminated sites in which the federal government is involved in the cleanup, while the less
54
risky brownfields usually have only tribal or state government involved in the cleanup.
Proximity to superfund sites increases the prevalence of low-birth-weightchildren, liver disease,
55
elevated blood lead levels in children, and cognitive and behavioral problems in children.The
maps below show that Siskiyou, Butte, and Los Angeles all have significant portions of the
county exposed to cleanup sites.
54
https://19january2017snapshot.epa.gov/enforcement/types-contaminated-sites_.html.
55
121
F IGURE 132:E XPOSURE TO C LEANUP S ITES MIDN ORTHERN CA
Source: CalEnviroScreen 4.0, ESRI
122
F IGURE 133:E XPOSURE TO C LEANUP S ITES MID-C ENTRAL CA
Source: CalEnviroScreen 4.0, ESRI
123
F IGURE 134:E XPOSURE TO C LEANUP S ITES MID-L OS A NGELES
Source: CalEnviroScreen 4.0, ESRI
The maps below show drinking water contaminants in the Most Impacted and Distressed
counties. Both drink water sources and quality vary around thestate, with low income and rural
communities often being disproportionately exposed to contaminants in drinking water. Drinking
water contamination often includes nitrate from fertilizer or animal waste that leeches into
groundwater, perchlorate a groundwater contaminantthat effects thyroid hormone levels,
arsenic a known carcinogen, lead from house pipes and fixtures, and other microbial
56
contaminations from poorly treated water.The maps below show that every Most Impacted
th
and Distressed County has a significant area that is in the top 30percentile of most drinking
water contaminants.
56
Ibid.
124
F IGURE 135:D RINKING W ATER C ONTAMINANTS MIDN ORTHERN CA
Source: CalEnviroScreen 4.0, ESRI
125
F IGURE 136:D RINKING W ATER C ONTAMINANTS MID-C ENTRAL CA
Source: CalEnviroScreen 4.0, ESRI
126
F IGURE 137:D RINKING W ATER C ONTAMINANTS MID-L OS A NGELES
Source: CalEnviroScreen 4.0, ESRI
The below maps illustrate proximity to solid waste sites,operations, and facilities.Proximity to
solid waste sites can increase the risks of air, water, and soil contamination as well as concerns
about odors, vermin, and increased truck traffic. Although many newer sites are made to reduce
the contamination risks, old, closedsites are monitored less frequently and can degrade the
environment including leeching to nearby plants and animals. The maps below show that
Siskiyou,Monterey, and Los Angeles all have more than 25 waste sites in one of the county
census tracts.
127
F IGURE 138:S OLID W ASTE S ITES MIDN ORTHERN CA
Source: CalEnviroScreen 4.0, ESRI
128
F IGURE 139:S OLID W ASTE S ITES MID-C ENTRAL CA
Source: CalEnviroScreen 4.0, ESRI
129
F IGURE 140:S OLID W ASTE S ITES MID-L OS A NGELES
Source: CalEnviroScreen 4.0, ESRI
130
k.California Responsibility Areas
In California there are Local Responsibility Areas (LRA), Federal Responsibility Areas (FRA),
and State Responsibility Areas (SRA), which are defined by legal and congressional
jurisdictional boundaries. The figure below shows all three Responsibility Areas in the State of
California by color coding. Within the responsibility areas are different agencies and
16
organizations charged with the task of protecting and defending designated areas.
F IGURE 141:R ESPONSIBILITY A REAS BY A GENCY
Source: California Department of Forestry and Fire Protection, 2017
131
The organizations include:
United States Forest Service (USFS) -The mission of the USFS is to sustain the health,
present and future generations. In meeting its mission, the USFS manages and provides
wildland fire protection on 18 national forests in California covering almost 21 million
acres.
The Bureau of Land Management (BLM) -The mission of the BLM is to sustain the
health, diversity, and productivity of the public lands for the use and enjoyment of
present and future generations. In meeting its mission, the BLM manages and protects
over 15 million acres in California and provides wildland fire protection on almost 14
million acres.
The National Park Service (NPS) -The mission of the NPS is to preserve the natural and
cultural resources and values of the national park system for the enjoyment, education,
and inspiration of this and future generations. In meeting its mission, the NPS manages
over 7.5 million acres in California.
U.S Fish and Wildlife Service -The U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, working with others,
is responsible for conserving, protecting, and enhancing fish and wildlife and their
habitats for the continuing benefit of the American people through federal programs
relating to migratory birds, endangeredspecies, interjurisdictional fish and marine
mammals, and inland sport fisheries. In meeting its mission, the FWS is responsible for
managing 34 National Wildlife Refuges in California, covering about 465,000 acres.
California Department of Forestry and Fire Protection (CAL FIRE)-CAL FIRE is
responsible for the wildland fire protection system in the state. The Board of Forestry has
the authority to determine State Responsibility Areas (SRA) for private lands. These are
lands for which CAL FIRE has wildland fire protection responsibility. All non-federal
lands not assigned to an SRA are by default LRA. As a result, wildfire protection in
California (approximately 90 million acres) is divided almost equally among CAL FIRE,
local government, and the federal government.
The Bureau of Indian Affairs and Tribal Government (BIA)-
mission is to enhance the quality of life, to promote economic opportunity, and to carry
out the responsibility to protect and improve the trust assets of American Indians, Indian
tribes and Alaska Natives. The BIA is responsible for wildland fire protection on the other
103 reservation and rancherias. The BIA provides protection for tribal trust lands in
northern California, but contracts with CAL FIRE for the protection of scattered tribal
trust lands in southern California. The following maps show the BIA recognized tribal
governments in Northern and Southern California.
132
F IGURE 142:BIAL AND A REA R EPRESENTATIONS N ORTHERN CA
Source: U.S. Department of the Interior Indian Affairs, https://biamaps.doi.gov/bogs/datadownload.html
133
F IGURE 143:BIAL AND A REA R EPRESENTATIONS S OUTHERN CA
Source: U.S. Department of the Interior Indian Affairs, https://biamaps.doi.gov/bogs/datadownload.html
7.Local Hazard Mitigation Plans
Local Hazard Mitigation Plans (LHMPs)provide critical hazard and risk information
for each county in the state as well as actionable and localized mitigation approaches identified
by its authors. The table below illustrates which hazards each MID county identified as threats
to their jurisdiction in their most recent LHMP.
Asseen below,themostcommonly identifiedhazardsin the areas designated as MIDs for DR-
4558 and DR-4569are wildfires, floods, and earthquakes.This consistencybolstersthe
state-wide hazard rankingsandreinforces the prioritization of wildfire mitigation
-term recovery plan.
Flooding is also identified as a primary hazard as evidenced by the mudslides and debris flows.
Although earthquakes are identified as a primary hazard,due to the nature of disasters that
134
triggered the funding, the focus of the mitigation approaches will be on wildfires and, where
applicable, flooding.
F IGURE 144:L OCAL H AZARD M ITIGATION P LANS-T OP H AZARDS
2017
2017
-
-
2019
Hazard
2017
-
2014
2021
20212017
-2017
-
-
Mitigation
--
-
2019
2017
2015
2021
2017-
2018
Plans
-
2010
-
2016
2018
-
-
-
-
2019
2013-
-
2018
2018
-
-
-
-
Mateo
ButteFresno 2018LakeLassenLos Angeles MaderaMendocinoMonterey 2016 (2022)Napa San Bernadino Santa Clara Santa Cruz San Diego Santa Barbara SanShastaSiskiyou Solano Sonoma Stanislaus
Trinity TulareVentura Yolo
Agricultural x x x
Pest/Invasive
species
Dam Failure xxxxxx
Climatexxxxxxxxxxx
Change
Earthquake xxxxxxxxxxxxxxx
Flood xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx
Hazardous xxxxx
Materials
Release
Landslides xxxxxxx
Severe xxxxxxxxxx
Weather or
Storms
Tsunami xxx
Wildfire xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx
Other Human-xx
Caused
Hazard
a.Primary Risks and Exposure Identified in LHMPs
In addition to indexing thehazards that threaten local jurisdictions, LHMPsalso outline the risk
that hazards may causedamage toor destruction ofhuman safety, structures, critical facilities,
and public/private property. The table below represents therisk and exposure calculated for all
California counties in the SHMP as of May 2022. The data identifies earthquakes asthe most
severe risk multiplier by a wide margin, meaning that both counties and state plans agree that
when earthquakes occur, they are likely to do the most severe damage to the largest number of
people,structures, and resources.
135
F IGURE 145:S TATEWIDE R ISK AND E XPOSURE,M AY 2022
Other
Statewide Risk and Exposure -May
EarthquakeFlood RiskFire RiskHazard
2017
Risk
Structures subject to earthquake risk7,270,459379,953737,4911,942,642
People subject to earthquake risk3,401,541871,0702,072,3584,182,930
Critical facilities subject to earthquake 9,2386,43411,65014,160
risk
Potential value of structures/property $230 billion$44.4 billion$192 billion$135 billion
subject to earthquake risk
Source: 2018 California State Hazard Mitigation Plan
b.Safety Element of County General Plans
The State of California mandates viaSB-379that each county develop a Safety Element as one
section of its County General Plan. The Safety Element lays out apolicyframework
forreducing the potential risk of death, injuries, property damage, and economic and social
dislocation resulting from a list of large-scale hazards.
Creatinga SafetyElementalso requires a county to assess the vulnerabilitiesunique to their
localpopulation and environment,andto developa better understandingof how climate change
affects their communities.With this knowledge, local officials can more effectively plan and
implement measures that increase the long-term resiliency of their jurisdictions.
The figure below summarizes the Safety Elements by county and the year the Safety Element
was last updated. Safety Elements are reviewed and approved by CAL FIRE.
F IGURE 146:S UMMARY OF G ENERAL P LAN S AFETY E LEMENTS
Year
CountySafety Element Summary
Adopted
Policies to project the community through the year 2030.
Butte2016
Covers noise, floods, seismic and geologic hazards, fires, hazardous
materials, disaster preparedness, and community health.
The Health and Safety Element is divided into seven sections:
Emergency Management and Response; Fire Hazards; Flood Hazards;
Fresno2000
Seismic and Geological Hazards; Airport Hazards; Hazardous
Materials; and Noise.
Provides goal, policies, and implementation measures designed to
protect public health, safety, and welfare of community from
Lake2008
unreasonable risks while minimizing damage to structures, property,
and infrastructure resulting from natural and manmade hazards.
1974
Incorporates the most current Hazard Mitigation Plan by reference and
Lassen(Updated
provides the current structure for the element, there have been no
2020)
changes since the original adoption in 1974.
136
Identifies environmental hazards including seismic activity, geotechnical
hazards, floods, and fires.
Los Ángeles 1990
Outlines regulations in place to mitigate risks and identifies agencies
that provide oversight.
Provides goals, policies, and implementation program designed to
Madera1995
address health and safety concerns.
Sets policy to minimize natural hazard risks (e.g., earthquakes, wildfire,
Mendocino2009
flooding) as well as manmade hazards and nuisances (e.g., noise, poor
air quality, hazardous materials).
Establishes policies and programs to protect the public from risks
Monterey2010
associated with seismic, geologic, flood, and wildfire hazards.
Identifies earthquakes, fires, floods, liquefactions (when water saturated
,
and dam inundation as potential risks to public safety.
References the Napa County Operational Area Hazard Mitigation Plan
Napa2009
(NOAHMP), adopted in 2004, as the primary resource for detailed
analyses of each of the potential hazard types.
Policies related to interdepartmental cooperation in hazard mitigation
efforts, information dissemination, risk evaluation, and the need for
individual/community disaster plans are outlined in the safety element.
Establishes goals, policies, and programs to protect the community
San
2012
from risks associated with natural and man-made hazards such as
Bernadino
geologic, flooding, and fire hazards.
Contributes to land use policies and standards by relating the type and
Santa Clara1994
intensity of land use relative to estimated level of risk, and the
availability of services and facilities to ensure safety.
Updated policies in the GP/LCP Public Safety Element address climate
change, coastal bluffs and beaches, erosion control, flood hazards, fire
1994
Santa Cruzhazards, and environmental justice.
(2021)
Updated air quality policies and relocation of the policies from the
Conservation and Open Space Element to the Safety element.
Safety considerations in the planning and decision-making process by
2011
establishing policies related to future development that will minimize
San Diego
(2021)
risk of personal injury, loss of life, property damage, and environmental
damage associated with natural and human-cause hazards.
2003
Designate land uses in order to minimize the danger of natural and
San Mateo
(2012)
man-made hazards to life and property.
Encompasses General Plan elements concerned with aspects of
Shasta County's natural and man-made environment which pose
Shasta2004
potentialthreats to human life or property, including seismic and
geologic hazards, flood protection, dam inundation, fire safety and
sheriff protection, noise, and hazardous materials.
Examines the particular, physical needs of a county in relationto safety
Siskiyou1974
and seismic-safety, and to establish procedures for the orderly
development of the county relative to physical problems.
2008
natural and human-made hazards, promote public health, preserve air
Solano
(2015)
and water quality, and guide development in a sustainable manner that
respects the needs of both people and the environment.
Intended to protect community from unreasonable risks from seismically
induced surface rupture, ground shaking, ground failure, tsunami, dam
Sonoma2014
failure, slope instability leading to mudslides, landslides, subsidence
and other known geologic hazards, flooding, and fire.
137
Includes maps of known hazards, and assesses evacuation routes,
water supply needs, road widths, clearances around structures, and
items related to potential catastrophic events.
1994-
Information on the various types of safety hazards are summarized
Stanislaus2016
within the Safety Element.
(2017)
Sets forth goals, objectives, and policies for airport safety, flood risks or
dam failures, hazardous materials, seismic or geological hazards,
Trinity2014
wildfires and structures, air quality, climate change, and military
operation area.
Establishes policies to protect the public from risks associated with
Tulare2012
natural and human-made hazards such as seismic hazards, geologic
hazards, flooding, wildfire hazards, and air pollution.
This element ensures that appropriate consideration of both natural and
Yolo2008
human-made hazards and risks are factored into land use decision-
making.
c.Threat to Community Lifelines
The following section identifies risks to indispensable services and community lifelines for the
State of California. In February 2019, FEMA released the Community Lifelines Implementation
38
Toolkit which focuses on seven categories of Community Lifelines.FEMA defines these
lifelines as critical business, government and essential services that provide health, safety, and
economic security within a community. Community lifelines in preparedness planning and
recovery provide details on the critical functions and stakeholders that facilitate the most
effective response and get services and infrastructure back online after a disaster. Toexamine
how risks and hazards affect human health, safety, and economic security, the state has
completed a quantitative analysis of the significant potential impacts and risks of these critical
service areas:
Safety and Security-Wildfires and flood hazards create significant immediate threats
to life and property in impacted communities. Emergency responders, police officers,
at the time of the threat and address situations until they are able to return to normal.
First responders and personnel are responsible for ensuring plans, systems, and
communications are in place to meet the need of the situation, secure any threats to life,
and mitigate citizen needs for recovery.
CommunicationThe destruction of communications infrastructure by fire severely
impacts first responder communications and emergencynotification capabilities. Cellular
communications, broadband,radio,and television infrastructure are susceptible to
damageby active fires andcan leave responders unable to coordinate and residents
unable to receive critical evacuation or shelter orders.
Food, Water, Sheltering-Water storage facilities and delivery systems are at serious
risk of wildfire damage. For example, increased sediment loading due to soil erosion
resulting from fires can decrease water storage capacity in dams and reservoirs.
maintain and restore forested watersheds can reduce the risk of damaging fires that can
40
cut water supplies.
138
Flood Risk-The SHMP calculates that one in every five California residents live in a
floodplain (500-year flood zone) and all counties in California have populations that have
some exposure to flood risks. The SHMP reports that the statewide value of structures
and contents at risk from a 500-year flood event is more than $575 billion, distributed
over all 10 Hydrologic Regions. Specifically, Los Angeles, Orange, and Santa Clara
Counties are most in jeopardy with more than 500,000 people, structures, and contents
worth more than $70 billion, at risk of flooding. Flooding disproportionately affects urban
areas, along with the high concentrations of socially vulnerable populations in
d
San Francisco Bay Areas. There are over 20,000 state-owned structures at risk of
flooding (in 100 and 500-year flood plains) totaling $14.22 billion at risk. In the 100-year
flood zone there are $11.62 billion at risk.
Transportation-Transportation infrastructure (i.e. highways, bridges, railways) are
susceptible to wildfire disruption which can severely impact emergency response and
emergency evacuations of residents. The SHMP identifies the closure of U.S. Highway
101 during the 2017 Thomas fire, which impacted movement of residents and
41
emergency response capabilities.
Health and Medical-Wildfire and flood disasters create medical and public health
hazards. Survivors must be triaged, immediate medical needs assessed, and long-term
medical care thatmay have been disrupted, such as proscriptions or regular treatments,
must be addressed. Field facilities providing medical treatment need supplies and
medicine, which may need to be coordinated with first responders and government
officials. Animals are often a concern as well. Often veterinary care and safe housing for
pets and service animals is required, in addition to addressing citizen needs.
Furthermore, wildfires create hazardous air quality conditions that reach far beyond the
boundaries of the impacted area. California has air quality districts responsible for
42
monitoring the safety of the air using the Air Quality Indexand releasing warnings to
the public if it is unsafe to be outside. However, these air quality ratings do not always
come with clear guidance for schools and other institutions for when or if closures may
be warranted or other measures may be necessary.
Hazardous Material (Management)Management of hazardous materials and
containment of those materials during a disaster event are critical to public safety.
Uncontained hazardous materials during a disaster can affect the ability of first
responders to provide search and rescue. Such materials may also exacerbate
additional hazards in a disaster situation. Community leaders and service providers must
coordinate with facilities to identify existing security gaps.
Energy (Power and Fuel)-Energy delivery systems (electricity, natural gas, oil) impact
the ability of residents and first responders to access internet, phone, radio, and
television. Disruption to energy delivery systems can adversely affect critical medial
services and water infrastructure (i.e.,water pumps) if redundant systems are not
operationalized (i.e.,emergency generators). Issues with downed powerlines can block
43
roadways, stopping egress and ingress of residents and first responders.
The focus of the Implementation Toolkit is organizing resources and activating lifelines for
support during incident response. By identifying the most heavily impacted Community Lifelines,
HCD will be able to focus CDBG-DRfunds in those areas and provide long-lasting or permanent
139
interventions, breaking the cycle of repeated federal, state, and local investment in the same
vulnerable lifelines.
Examples include efforts to improve emergency communication protocols between agencies for
faster response times or improving shelter networks to provide resources to those recovering
from a disaster more efficiently.
The components of the Community Lifelines are indicated below:
F IGURE 147:FEMAC OMMUNITY L IFELINES C OMPONENTS
Community
ComponentCommunity LifelinesComponent
Lifelines
Safety and
Law Enforcement/SecurityEnergyPower (Grid)
Security
Search and RescueTemporary Power
Fire ServicesFuel
Government ServiceCommunicationsInfrastructure
Alerts, Warnings,
Responder Safety
Messages
Imminent Hazard Mitigation911 and Dispatch
Food, Water, Responder
Evacuations
ShelteringCommunications
Food/Potable WaterFinancial Services
ShelterTransportationHighway/Roadway
Durable GoodsMassTransit
Water InfrastructureRailway
AgricultureAviation
Health and
Medical CareMaritime
Medical
Patient MovementPipeline
Public HealthHazardous MaterialFacilities
Hazardous Debris,
Fatality Management
Pollutants, Contaminants
8.Risk Assessment
The risk assessment figure below summarizes the threat categories identified in the impacted
areas for each of the FEMA Community Lifelines. The risk assessment highlights the threats by
hazard for each of the seven FEMA Community Lifelines The combined threat column
summarizes the average threat posed by each hazard and communicates the impact of each
hazard.
The three top hazards, wildfires, flooding, and earthquakes pose the most extreme threats to
the Community Lifelines due to their history of impact across the state. Additionally, dam failure
and tsunami are categorized as extreme threats due to the projected destructive impact across
the Community Lifelines. Climate change, hazardous material release, and landslides/other
140
earth movements are categorized as high threats due to their unpredictable nature and acute
impacts to the Community Lifelines.
F IGURE 148:S TATEWIDE H AZARDS BY C OMMUNITY L IFELINE (1 OF 2)
Food, Water, Health and
HazardSafety and SecurityEnergy
ShelteringMedical
Agricultural
Pest/Invasive Very Low ThreatHigh ThreatModerate ThreatVery Low Threat
species
Dam FailureExtreme ThreatExtreme ThreatExtreme ThreatExtreme Threat
Climate ChangeHigh ThreatHigh ThreatHigh ThreatHigh Threat
EarthquakeExtreme ThreatExtreme ThreatExtreme ThreatExtreme Threat
FloodExtreme ThreatExtreme ThreatExtreme ThreatExtreme Threat
Hazardous
High ThreatHigh ThreatHigh ThreatModerate Threat
Material Release
Landslide and
Other Earth Extreme ThreatExtreme ThreatModerate ThreatHigh Threat
Movements
Severe
Moderate ThreatModerate ThreatModerate ThreatHigh Threat
Weather/Storms
TsunamiExtreme ThreatExtreme ThreatExtreme ThreatExtreme Threat
WildfireExtreme ThreatExtreme ThreatExtreme ThreatExtreme Threat
Other Human-
Moderate ThreatModerate ThreatModerate ThreatModerate Threat
Caused Hazards
F IGURE 149:S TATEWIDE H AZARDS BY C OMMUNITY L IFELINE (2 OF 2)
Food, Water, Health and
HazardSafety and SecurityEnergy
ShelteringMedical
Agricultural
Pest/Invasive Very Low ThreatVery Low ThreatVery Low ThreatLow Threat
species
Dam FailureExtreme ThreatExtreme ThreatExtreme ThreatExtreme Threat
Climate ChangeHigh ThreatHigh ThreatHigh ThreatHigh Threat
EarthquakeExtreme ThreatExtreme ThreatExtreme ThreatExtreme Threat
FloodExtreme ThreatExtreme ThreatExtreme ThreatExtreme Threat
Hazardous
Moderate ThreatModerate ThreatHigh ThreatHigh Threat
Material Release
Landslide and
Other Earth High ThreatExtreme ThreatHigh ThreatHigh Threat
Movements
Severe
High ThreatModerate ThreatLow ThreatModerate Threat
Weather/Storms
TsunamiExtreme ThreatExtreme ThreatExtreme ThreatExtreme Threat
WildfireExtreme ThreatExtreme ThreatExtreme ThreatExtreme Threat
Other Human-
Moderate ThreatModerate ThreatModerate ThreatModerate Threat
Caused Hazards
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1.Community Wildfire Protection Plans
Community Wildfire Protection Plans are community-based planning documents that identify
and address local hazards and risks from wildfire and provides a roadmap of actions for a
community to address wildfire threats. Community Wildfire Protection Plans (CWPP) also create
the opening for government entities to be eligible for federal funding opportunities for plan
Restoration Act (HFRA), passed in Congress in 2003.
CWPPs can vary in scope, scale, and detail but must meet three minimum requirements to be
adopted per the HFRA and the State or California. The requirements include:
Collaboration CWPPs must be collaboratively developed. Local and state officials must
meaningfully involvenongovernmental stakeholders and federal agencies that manage
land in the vicinity of the community.
Prioritized Fuel Reduction CWPPs must identify and prioritize areas for hazardous
fuel-reduction treatments on both federal and non-federal land.
Treatment of Structural Ignitability CWPPs must recommend measures that
homeowners and communities can take to reduce the ignitability of structures throughout
\[4\]
the plan area.
F IGURE 150:2020D ISASTER I MPACTED C OUNTIES WITH C OMMUNITY W ILDFIRE P ROTECTION P LANS
Year Adopted or Last Year Adopted or Last
DR-4558DR-4569
UpdatedUpdated
Butte County2008Fresno CountyN/A
Lake County2009Los Angeles County2012
Lassen County2009Madera CountyN/A
Mendocino County2005Mendocino County2005
Monterey County2011Napa County2009
Napa County2009San Bernadino County2011
San Mateo County2018San Diego County2006
Santa Clara County2009Shasta County2016
Santa Cruz County2010Siskiyou County2009
Solano CountyIn developmentSonoma County2010
Sonoma County2010
Stanislaus CountyN/A
Trinity County2011
Tulare County2010
Yolo CountyIn development
Source: California Community Wildfire Protection Plans -Wildland Fire Lessons Learned Center
https://www.wildfirelessons.net/communities/community-home/librarydocuments?communitykey=49e8c861-f977-4684-b67f-
d1176e5d5b38&tab=librarydocuments
142
9.Relevant State Lawsand Programs
a.California State Laws
AB 2140, Hancock. General plans: safety element
\[6\]
AB 2140authorizes a city, county, or a city and county to adopt, with its Safety Element, a
federally specified LHMP that includes specified elements and require Cal OES to give
preference to local jurisdictions that have not adopted a LHMP with respect to specified federal
programs for assistance in developing and adopting a plan.
AB 6421035(2021),Friedman. Wildfires.
This legislation directs HCD, CalFire and Dept of Insurance to make recommendations on how
to understand and model wildfire risk for a community and specific parcels through the input of
mitigating factors. This legislation also direct CalFire to update and revise Fire Severity maps.
The results include recommendations cost-effective ways to gather data on mitigation factors,
an evaluation of the effectiveness of using natural infrastructure as a community buffer as well
as identification of barriers to determining the wildfire risk of a community and specific parcels.
AB 19451035(2021),Aguiar-Curry. Wildfires.
This bill establishes a new state funded program for predevelopment through reconstruction, of
damage and loss of homes occupied by or affecting lower income households. This bill would
require HCD to establish an application process for CDFIs to apply for emergency short-term or
temporary loans under the program. CDFIs would then issue short-term loans to nonprofits,
local or tribal governments for notonly construction/development purposes, but also for
childcare and social services linked to a project.
SB 1035, Jackson. General plans
The Planning and Zoning Law requires cities and counties to adopt a comprehensive, long-term
general plan that includes, among others, a housing element and a safety element for the
protection of the community from unreasonable risks associated with the effects of various
hazards, such as seismic, flooding, and wildland and urban fires. Existing law requires the
housing element to be revised at least once every eight years. However, the housing element is
also reviewed and updated according to revisions of the safety element. This helps jurisdictions
to identify new information related to flood and fire hazards that was not previously available
and be able to address risk in both elements of the general plan. Existing law also requires the
safety element to be reviewed and updated as necessary to address climate adaptation and
resiliency strategies applicable to the city or county.
SB 901, Dodd. Wildfires
\[7\]
SB 901was signed into law to help mitigate wildfire risk and expand and speed up recovery
efforts. In addition, it established the Commission on Catastrophic Wildfire Cost and Recovery
within the Office of Planning and Research. The Commission consists of five appointed
members withspecified expertise and is required to hold at least four public meetings
143
throughout the state relating to the costs of damage associated with catastrophic wildfires. In
2019 the Commission, in consultation with the Public Utilities Commission (PUC) and the
Insurance Commissioner, prepared a report containing its assessment of the issues surrounding
catastrophic wildfire costs and the reduction of damage, and making recommendations for
changes to law that would ensure equitable distribution of costs among affected parties.
AB 430, Gallagher Housing Development: Camp Fire Housing Assistance
The Camp Fire Housing Assistance Act Establishes a ministerial approval process for housing
development in the cities of Biggs, Corning, Gridley, Live Oak, Orland, Willows, Yuba City, and
Oroville that meet specified objective planning standards. Development proponents are required
to hold at least one public meeting on the project before applying. Project approvals that expire
after three years may receive a one-time, one-year extension if the developer demonstrates
significant progress. Project approvals do not expire if the project includes investments in
affordable housing, and approvals for all projects remain valid once vertical construction has
been initiated. These provisions expire on January 1, 2026.
AB 782, Berman California Environmental Quality Act: Exemption: Public Agencies
The California Environmental Quality Act exemption creates a CEQA exemption for the
acquisition, sale, or other transfer of interest in land, as well as the granting or acceptance of
funds, by a public agency for conservation purposes.
California FAIR Plan
The FAIR Plan is an association of all insurers authorized to provide basic property insurance in
California and provides insurance of last resort. The Plan is intended to provide basic property
insurance to those who cannot obtain insurance in the voluntary market due to circumstances
outside of their control. No public funding is used in the FAIR Plan and it is not administered by
\[8\]
a stateagency.
In November 2019, the state ordered the FAIR Plan to offer more comprehensive policies and
increase the amount of coverage to $3 million, in comparison to the current basic policies that
require additional coverage to meet the needs of property owners. State insurance regulators
have placed a one-year moratorium banning insurers from dropping policies of homeowners in
and around areas hardest hit by recent fires. This is a response to the complaints of
homeowners that they cannot find affordable insurance, or insurance at all. The moratorium
includes more than 800,000 homeowners in zip codes next to 16 recently declared wildfire
\[9\]
disasters in Northern and Southern California.
California State Programs
California Department of Forestry and Fire Protection (CAL FIRE):CAL FIRE is a
California State department dedicated to the fire protection and stewardship of over 31
million acres of California's privately-owned wildlands. In addition, the Department
provides varied emergency services in 36 of the State's 58 counties via contracts with
local governments. CAL FIRE is responsible for fire prevention in the State
Responsibility Area (SRA) and has expanded its efforts significantly to meet evolving
-
144
department, meaning that CAL FIRE crews and equipment are also dispatched to non-
wildfire emergency scenarios, including auto accidents, hazardous material spills, search
and rescue missions, civil disturbances, earthquakes, and more.
o Fire Prevention Program (FPP): The Fire Prevention Program consists of
multiple activities including wildland pre-fire engineering, vegetation
management, fire planning, education and law enforcement. Typical fire
prevention projects include brush clearance, prescribed fire, defensible space
inspections, emergency evacuation planning, fire prevention education, fire
hazard severity mapping, and fire-related law enforcement activities.
o Office of the State Fire Marshal (OSFM):The OSFM has operated as part of
CAL FIRE since 1995 and supports the D
property through fire prevention engineering programs, law and code
enforcement and education. The OSFM also collects, analyzes, and reports on
critical incident statistics forlocal and state government emergency response
agencies, which support the building of action plans and other long-term recovery
documents.
o Urban & Community Forestry Grant Program (UCF):The UCF works to
expand and improve the management of trees and related vegetation in
communities throughout California, and to lead the effort to advance the
development of sustainable urban and community forests in California.To meet
that goal, the UCF administers State and Federal grants throughout California
communities to advance urban forestry efforts.
o California Forest Improvement Program (CFIP):The purpose of the CFIP is to
encourage private and public investment in, and improved management of,
California forest lands and resources. The CFIP is dedicated to ensuring the
availability of adequate high quality timber supplies, supporting timber-industry
employment and related economic benefits, and to protecting, maintaining, and
enhancing a productive and stable forest resource system for the benefit of
present and future generations. The CFIP provides cost-share assistance to
private and public land ownerships containing 20 to 5,000 acres of forest land for
activities including preparation of forest management plans, supervision by a
Registered Professional Forester for reforestation, stand improvements, and
forestland/wish and wildlife habitat improvements.
o Wildfire Prevention Grant Program (WPGP):
funding for fire prevention projects and activities in and near fire threatened
communitiesandfocuses on activities thatincreasethe protection of people,
structures, and communities.Through the grant program, CAL FIRE provides
assistance to qualifying projects and activities, including hazardous fuels
reduction, wildfire prevention planning, and wildfire prevention education with an
emphasis on improving public health and safety while reducing greenhouse gas
emissions.
CalifoCal OES is
aCalifornia state cabinet-level office responsible for overseeing and coordinating
emergency preparedness, response, recovery and homeland security activitieswithin
the state.Cal OESwas created by AB 38 (2008), superseding both the Office of
145
Emergency Services (OES) and Office of Homeland Security (OHS).Cal OES manages
hazard mitigation activities and projects through the 404 Hazard Mitigation Grant
Program, Building Resilient Infrastructure and Communities Program, and the Flood
Mitigation Assistance Program.
o Hazard Mitigation Grant Program (HMGP):After aPresidential Disaster
Declarationin the state of California,CalOES activates
Mitigation Grant Program (HMGP)tofundplans and projects that reduce the
effects of future natural disasters. Fundsare administered by the Cal OES
HMGP Unit. Eligible sub-applicants include state agencies, local governments,
special districts, and some private non-profits.
o Building Resilient Infrastructure Communities (BRIC):Authorized by Section
203 of the Stafford Act,BRICwill support states, local communities, tribes and
territories as they undertake hazard mitigation projects, reducing the risks they
face from disasters and natural hazards.BRIC-supported projects may include
natural hazard risk reductions on a neighborhood scale, interventions that
mitigate risk to critical infrastructure or achieve community-level risk reduction,
activities that provide protection and benefits for disadvantaged communities, or
projects that address climate impacts and advance climate adaptation.
o Flood Mitigation Assistance Grant Program (FMA):The FMA is a competitive
grant program that provides funding to states, local communities, federally
recognized tribes and territories. Funds can be used for projects that reduce or
eliminate the risk of repetitive flood damage to buildings insured by the National
Flood Insurance Program.
California Office of Planning and Research (OPR):OPR studies future research and
planning needs, fosters goal-driven collaboration, and delivers guidance to state
partners and local communities, with a focus on land use and community development,
climate risk and resilience, and high road economic development.
o Integrated Climate Adaptationand Resiliency Program (ICARP):Governor
Brown signed Senate Bill 246 in 2015, which directed OPR to form the Integrated
Climate Adaptation and Resilience Program (ICARP). JDBSQ!jt!eftjhofe!up!
efwfmpq!b!dpiftjwf!boe!dppsejobufe!sftqpotf!up!uif!jnqbdut!pg!dmjnbuf!dibohf!
bdsptt!uif!tubuf-!boe!up!develop holistic strategies to coordinate climate activities
at the state, regional and local levels, while advancing social equity. ICARP
administers grant programs to local jurisdictions through the Adaptation Planning
Grant Program, Regional Resilience Planning and Implementation Grant
Program, and Community Resilience and Heat Grant Program.
Adaptation Planning Grant Program(APG): The APG program provides
funding to local, regional, and tribal jurisdictions to supportplanning
needs, provides communities the resources to identify climate resilience
priorities, and supports the development of a pipeline of climate resilient
infrastructure projects across the state.
o Regional Resilience Planning and Implementation Grant Program:This
program will support regions in advancing resilience through capacity-building,
planning, and project implementation.
o Community Resilience and Heat Grant Program:This program will help
communities prepare for theimpacts of extreme heat.
Department of Housing and Community Development
146
o Regional Early Action Planning Program (REAP 2.0): Administered by the
California Department of Housing and Community Development(HCD),in
collaboration with OPR, the Strategic Growth Council, and the California Air
Resources Board,REAP 2.0 is a flexible program that seeks to accelerate
progress towards California state housing goals and climate commitments
through a strengthened partnership between the state, its regions, and local
entities.The program seeks tosupport infill housing development, reduce miles
traveled by commuters, increase housing supply at all affordability levels,
affirmatively further fair housing, and facilitate the implementation of adopted
regional and local plans to achieve these goals.REAP 2.0 provides a $600
million state and federal investment to advance implementation of adopted
regional plans by funding planning and implementation activities that accelerate
infill housing and reductions in per capita Vehicle Miles Traveled (VMT). The
program is funded through $500 million from the Coronavirus Fiscal Recovery
Fund of 2021 and $100 million from the State General Fund.REAP 2.0 was
established as part of the 2021 California Comeback Plan underAB 140.
o CalHome and CalHome Disaster Programs: The CalHome program is
designed to assist low-and very low-income households to become or remain
homeowners by making grants to local public agencies and nonprofit developers
for the following activities:
Assisting individual first-time homebuyers through deferred-payment
loans for down payment assistance
Home rehabilitation, including for manufactured homes not on permanent
foundations
Acquisition and rehabilitation
Homebuyer counseling
Self-help mortgage assistance
Technical assistance for self-help homeownership
In its 2021 CalHome NOFA, HCD announced the availability of $57 million of
state funds, with $20 million reserved for mobile homes. In November 2021, HCD
made $23 million available for counties impacted by the 2020 disasters. As of the
publication of this Action Plan, HCD is still evaluating program applications for
this round of funding. However, with any funding awarded within the 2020 MID
area, HCD will ensure that CalHome or CalHome Disaster is considered within
the total cost to rebuild, as layering funding is critical for reconstruction in the
2020 impacted areas. While CalHome is not considered a duplication of benefit,
the OOR program will evaluate all applicants and available funding sources.
147
57
10.-2022 Budget
Governor Newsom submitted his 2020-2021 budget request in January 2021 that includes
funding to address the threat of catastrophic wildfires, climate change, and forest resilience.
Climate Catalyst Fund, $47 million in loans for climate related projects including wildfire
and forest resilience.
CalOES expansion of a disaster recovery outreach campaign and:
®$256 million to reimburse local governments for emergency activities.
®$17.3 million for the California Earthquake Authority to update its Early Warning
System.
®$25 million for CalOES and CAL FIRE to implement a home hardening pilot grant
program.
$500 million for a third round of Low-Income Housing Tax Credits (LIHTC)
Wildfire and Forest Resilience:
®$512 million for Resilient Forest and Landscapes Forest thinning, tree planting,
prescribed fires; forest health and watershed recovery grants; investment in
Tribal communities; support for small landowners to manage forest lands;
targeted investment for state landholdings.
®$335 for Wildfire Fuel Breaks Partnership between CAL FIRE and the
California Conservation Corps to complete 45-60 fuel breaks; provide technical
assistance to local communities to develop fire safety projects, cross-
jurisdictional plans, and fund project implementation.
®$38million for Community Hardening Educational programs, defensible space
outreach, and basic home retrofits.
®$39 million for Science-Based Management Research on long-term forest
health.
®$76 million for Forest Sector Economic Stimulus Expand wood product market
to use thinned materials; low interest loans through the Climate Catalyst Fund.
prevention programs.
11.Statewide Plan Alignment for Equitable Recovery from
Disasters
eplanning and recovery
project implementation for climate resilience and sets equitable recovery goals for state
with these goals
outlined by OPR and presents programs that allow disaster impacted communities with different
capacity levels to have access to disaster recovery and mitigation programs.
57
-21 Budget: Overview of the Ca
October 5, 2020), https://lao.ca.gov/Publications/Report/4263.
148
OPR prioritizes creating an equitable recovery, disaster resilience, and climate change
recovery, and mitigation from natural hazards continue to impact the State of California and its
residents. HUD requires CDBG-DR grantees to focus on vulnerable populations in its recovery
and mitigation activities, and HCD and its state partners further that commitment by defining,
identifying, and prioritizing vulnerable populations in its recovery and mitigation programs. In the
context of climate adaptation, OPR and the Integrated Climate Adaptation and Resiliency
Program (ICARP) define climate vulnerability as:
are at risk of exposure to climate change impacts. Vulnerable communities experience
heightened risk and increased sensitivity to climate change and have less capacity4 and
fewer resources to cope with, adapt to, or recover from climate impacts. These
disproportionate effects are caused by physical (built and environmental), social,
political, and/ or economic factor(s), which are exacerbated by climate impacts. These
factors5 include, but are not limited to, race, class, sexual orientation and identification,
58
national origin, and income inequality.
-
DR and Mitigationprogram endeavor to align planning efforts at the state and local level,
promote housing and infrastructure to reduce climate risk and reduce climate risk, and develop
planning documents that are used throughout government decision-making processes. For the
proposed disaster recovery and mitigation programs, HCD will work to align program design to
fit the following activities:
59
Plan Alignmentalign recovery and mitigation activities with existing state and local
planning documents including:
o General Plans (Housing and Safety Element), Local Hazard Mitigation Plan,
Regional Transportation Plan, Community Wildfire Protection Plan, Local Coastal
Programs
Encourage planning efforts beyond jurisdictional boundaries.
Ensure infrastructure projects account for the useful life of critical infrastructure, not just
the design life.
silience/
mitigation and equitable recovery goals include:
o Adopting zoning ordinances that facilitate infill, risk reduction, and sustainable
land use and that are consistent across relevant planning documents.
o Rebuilding transportation infrastructure thatimproves accessibility for non-
vehicular transport modes and evacuation routes.
o Building new housing units that are within existing development footprints and
walkable to job centers, schools, and public services.
58
Research, July 2018), https://opr.ca.gov/docs/20180723-Vulnerable_Communities.pdf.
59
Plan Alignment Clearinghouse.
149
o Using nature-based solutions to reduce community climate risk, protect
watershed health and reduce infrastructure costs.
o Hardening structures to reduce climate hazard risk to homes and businesses.
o Coordinating incentives for strategic land assemblage to conserve
natural/working lands, restore natural landscape functions, and/or transfer
redevelopment to lower-risk locations.
o Supporting workforce development programs in industries critical to forest
resource management (e.g.,prescribed burning, advanced wood products) and
renewable energy.
III.General Requirements
A.Citizen Participation
HCDhas developed a Citizen Participation Plan in compliance with 24 CFR 91.115 or 91.105
(except as provided for in notices providing waivers and alternative requirements) and
applicable U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development (HUD) alternative requirements
as published in Federal Register Notices for CDBG-DR which supersede/waive and replace
certain requirements with respect to citizen participation. This plan isintended to maximize the
opportunity for citizen involvement in the planning and development of programs and projects
responding to the2020 wildfire season (DR-4558 and DR-4569)including proposed program
activities and amount of funding.
Consultation During Action Plan Development
The FRN, 87 FR 6379, Section III.B.2.i requires state grantees receiving an allocation of CDBG-
DR funds to consult with all disaster-affected local governments (including any CDBG-
entitlement grantees), Indian tribes, and any public housing authorities in determining the use of
funds. This approach ensures that a state grantee sufficiently assesses the recovery needs of
all areas affected by the disaster.
B.Outreach and Engagement
TheAction Planpresents an opportunity to defining housing problems, educating, and creating
solutions for post disaster housing recovery needs. The inclusion of vulnerable population and
community stakeholders in the action plan public participation process helps ensure the needs
of these stakeholders is identified and addressed. HCD recognizes the outreach challenges
and encourages participation of citizens in all aspects of the State's CDBG DR program and
implementation process, by going above and beyond the disaster recovery requirements. HCD
is doing additional outreach events to reach broader audience as well as reducing barriers to
accessing HCD resources beyond disaster recovery. This is intended to ensure that populations
such as persons with disabilities or limited English proficiency are aware of the support that may
be available to them through CDBG DR, and other state assisted programs in the jurisdictions in
which they reside.
In addition, disaster recovery programs and policies are aligning housing strategies with climate
change objectives, housing production, infrastructure improvements, resiliency goals to mitigate
future disasters. The new FRN has combined the housing recovery and mitigation activities in
150
one. In proposed resilience-related activity descriptions,HCD will include outreach strategies to
increase awareness of the hazards in MID-area communities (including for members of
protected classes, vulnerable populations, and underserved communities). The goal is to build
back better, not just replace what was lost. Successful public participation is important because
vulnerable population have historically faced barriers to engaged or receiving assistance from
disaster recovery programs.
The Outreach Plan outlines a comprehensive plan to inform stakeholders about the CDBG-DR
grantand proposed programs,andto engageotherfederal and state resources to assist with
recovery after a disaster. This plan identifies not only mandated outreach requirements, but also
thebroader set of stakeholders engaged with housing and community developmentin impacted
areas. Finally, the outreach plan addresses actions by HCD to reduce barriersfor engagement
and participation in disaster recovery programs.
1.Stakeholder Consultation
Community outreach methods will seek to engage a diverse group of community members,
including populations defined as protected classes by HUD, including but not limited to persons
with limited English proficiency, persons with disabilities, and ensure a balance with rural
community outreach. The broad set of stakeholders targeted for outreach include:
Disaster Property Owners
Disaster Affected Cities and Counties
Affordable Housing Developers
Voluntary, Charitable, Faith, and Community based Organizations
Tribal Government
Long-Term Housing Recovery Groups
Non-Profits
Government Agencies
Local Emergency Management Agencies
Public Housing Authorities(PHAs)
Private Sector
Organizations that represent protected class members and vulnerable population.
To facilitate outreach involvement, HCD will coordinate actions to encourage participation and
allow equal access to information about the action plan. These methods include a variety of
digital and not digital means, in multiple languages, and with varying level of detailed
information. These may include, but are not limited to:
Print media, such as the newspaper (mandated for FRN)
State of California CalOES),State of
California Office of Planning and Research (OPR), and CAL FIRE
HCD Emails and meeting announcements to Government Agencies
HCD Emails to Affordable Housing Developers in DR counties
HCD Emails and Meeting announcements to Voluntary Organizations and Non-Profits
Announcements in interagency meetings
-DR website in English and Spanish
151
Direct mail and email to Tribal Government via HCD and CalOES contact list
Interagency consultation and coordination
-term Recovery Meetings Organized by CalOES and FEMA
Recovery Support Function Meetings (RSF)
Virtual targeted community meetings in disaster impacted areas
Virtual meetings with stakeholders listed above
Broad HCD Distribution List
o CDBG-DR program contact list
o Other State and Federal program contact list
o
o HPD contact list
Primary Stakeholder Group
The primary stakeholders include mandated outreach per FRN as well as key partners helping
Disaster Survivors
Affected Disaster Recovery Cities and Counties (multiple meetings)
o Housing and Community Development Staff
o Infrastructure Public Works/Debris Removal
o Planning and Permitting
o Emergency Response Managers
Tribal Government in disaster declared areas
Government Partners (multiple meetings)
o CalOES
o OPR
o CalFire
o Department of Insurance
o CalSTA/CalTrans
o FEMA
Public Housing Authorities (PHAs)
Long-Term Housing Recovery Groups
Disaster Case Managers
Organizations that represent protected class and vulnerable population
NOTE:HUD defines vulnerable populations as a group or community whose circumstances
present barriers to obtaining or understanding information or accessing resources. In the action
plan, HCD will identify those populations (i.e., which protected class, vulnerable population, and
historically underserved groups were considered) and how those groups can be expected to
benefit from the activities.
Secondary Stakeholder Advisors
The secondary stakeholder comprises groups that are either not directed impacted by the
disaster or mandated by the FRN. These secondary groups can assist primary stakeholders in
152
their recovery needs and or will benefit from awareness of disaster recoveryefforts as the state
implements various housing, transportation, or climate change policies. They include:
Affordable Housing Developers in the disaster impacted counties
Statewide organizations such as Housing California or California Housing Partnership
Corporation
Organizations that work primary in rural communities, such as, Rural Community
Assistance Corporation (RCAC)
State and Local Hazard Mitigation Planners, Funders, and Implementers
Legislative Offices and Policy makers
Regional Planning Entities
Universities and Research Groups
2.Stakeholder Meetingsand Public Hearings
There will be multiple meetings for specific target groups and topics starting in March of 2022
and ending with final public comment meeting. HCD will advertise these public meetings 14
days prior in English and Spanish to all the stakeholders identified above according to HUD and
translation services, and or any other questions. Registration instructions for the meetings will
be included in the announcements.
Stakeholder Meetings will have included or will includethe following events:
Pre-Federal Register (FRN) Notice Meetings:Prior totherelease of the FRN, HCD
metwith stakeholders in each IA-declared countyto explain the CDBG-DR processes
and Action Plan requirements. Impacted counties identified the following items as
recovery priorities:
o Fresno:damage to community sewer and water systems in and near burn areas;
need hazardous material/debris removal; damage to primary residences and
vacation homes
o Napa:Support for residents using emergency rental assistance
o Siskiyou:need for direct housing assistance and utilities connection for FEMA
trailers
o Lake:private wells and septic systems damaged or destroyed; cabins and
vacation homes damaged or destroyed
o Madera:need for direct housing assistance
o Mendocino:Residents requesting direct assistance; unknown level of housing
need
o San Diego:Debris removal; temporary and long-term housing
o Santa Cruz:Infrastructure damage; need case management support for housing
individuals and families
F IGURE 151:R ECOVERY N EEDS BY C OUNTY FROM 2020D ISASTERS
CountyInitial Recovery Need from 2020 Disasters
ButteTemporary housing; reconstruction and new construction of housing
153
Santa CruzInfrastructure rebuilding
NapaSupport for residents using emergency rental assistance
Support for residents using emergency rental assistance; utilities
Sonoma
assistance for LMI residents
damage to community sewer and water systems in and near burn
Fresnoareas; need hazardous material/debris removal; damage to primary
residences and vacation homes
Need for direct housing assistance and utilities connection for FEMA
Siskiyou
trailers
TrinityLong-term lack of affordable housing
Water system destroyed; significant un-and under-insured segment
Tulare
of homeowners
Residents requesting direct assistance; unknown level of housing
Mendocino
need
Private wells and septic systems damaged or destroyed; cabins and
Lake
vacation homes damaged or destroyed
YoloSmall number of damaged homes
MaderaNeed for direct housing assistance
Infrastructure damage; need case management support for housing
Santa Cruz
individuals and families
San DiegoDebris removal; temporary and long-term housing
Pre-Public Comment Action Plan Meetings:HCD meets withstate agency partners
and local governments on an ongoing basis about specific 2020 CDBG-DR allocation
requirements, processes, and updated timelines.Meetingswill focus on the
development of Action Plan document and preparation for public release and before the
start of public comment period.
o Local Government Kick Off Meeting (4/20/22)42 attendees from local
governments impacted by the 2020 disasters participated in a briefing and
discussion on CDBG-DR funding. The following providesa summary of the
feedback provided by local government stakeholders:
Trinity Countynoted that elderly and retired population are struggling
to recover; a lot of vegetation from Bureau of Land Management, U.S.
Forest Service, and private land that needs to be cleared.
Butte County
Population with access and functional needs are struggling to
recover fromthe 2020 disaster and other overlapping disasters.
Renters and precariously housed population have few options due
to limited availability of housing overall.
Rural homeowners are having a tough time rebuilding due to
significant uninsured and under insured population from the 2020
disaster as well as previous disasters.
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The community is experiencing funding and planning fatigue due
to overlapping disasters, and while there are damages from the
2020 disasters, these are overshadowed by previous disasters.
Low-and moderate-income renters continue to struggle with
recovery, highest needs but limited to no immediate support
available.
The need for rebuilding or replacing septic systems remain one of
the biggest barriers to recovery.
There is a high need to develop and maintain defensible space to
protect communities, but fuel management is also needed.
Shasta Lake and Shasta Countyneed to retain workforce and bring
back businesses in impacted areas; identified the need for workforce
housing to ensure that middle income workers can assist with recovery
efforts.
Santa Cruz Countyforest fuel load reduction is critical for its recovery
and mitigation against future fires.
o Long-Term Recovery Group Meeting (4/27/22)HCD conducted a meeting
with long-term recovery groups in impacted areas, including the MID, to brief
nonprofit service providers on CDBG-DR and mitigation requirements, proposed
programs, and solicit feedback from stakeholders who work directly with
residents who were directly impacted by the 2020 disasters. 23 service providers
attended the meeting.
Public Comment Period Meeting
o HUD requires CDBG-DR grantees to convene at least one public hearing on the
proposed action plan after it has published on its website to solicit public
comment and before submittal of the action plan to HUD. HCD will provide a
period of 30 calendar days for comments on the AP. Directions for submitting
comments will be included in the public hearing notice. Comments may be
submitted to the Department via mail, email, or by telephone through the contact
out to the contact information provided in the public notice.
o The Team will develop FAQ (Frequently Asked Questions) for the HCD website
after the first public meeting and update throughout the planning process. The
presentation materials will be shared with all attendees and meeting recordings
will be posted on the HCD website.
o HCD will ensure that thereare no potential barriers that may limit or prohibit
vulnerable populations or underserved communities and individuals affected by
substantial amendment. HCD will take reasonable measures to increase
coordination, communication, affirmative marketing, targeted outreach, and
engagement with underserved communities and individuals, including persons
with disabilities and persons with Limited English Proficiency (LEP).
o Proposed Meeting ScheduleHCD will conduct the following meetings during
the 2020 Action Plan public comment period. HCD will conduct outreach for the
meetings to ensure robust participation, following the Citizen Participation Plan
for public meetings.
Public comment meeting (English) May 18, 2022, 6pm
Public comment meeting (Spanish) May 19, 2022, 6pm
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Public comment meeting (Affordable housing developers) May 26,
2022, 10am
Tribal Governments May 24, 2022, 1pm
Post-Action Plan Meetings: HCD will submit the action plan to HUD in June of 2022.
During the 60-day review period, HCD willcontinue to collaborate on a monthly basis
with disaster survivors, interagency partners, and disaster-affected cities and counties
about program timeline, implementation, and other state funding available for housing
programs and mitigation.
3.Tribal Partners
It is important to ensure there is tribal engagement from the public outreach to implementation
of disaster recovery programs.communities clearly identified
tribal members impacted by the 2020 wildfires, primarily in Siskiyou County.In 2019, Assembly
Bill 1010 was signed into law which codified tribal participation in affordable housing programs
requiringHCD to open all state programs to tribes/TDHEs(tribally designated entity),
by
changingthe definition of local public entity to include tribes/TDHEs, and allowingHCD to waive
or modify program requirements. Bill 1010
Program known as the G. David Singleton California Indian Assistance Program (CIAP).
CIAP ensures that tribes and TDHEs receive comprehensive technical assistance on HCD
programs, land use planning, natural and environmental resource planning, economic resource
planning, tribal housing trust funds, etc. In accordance with CIAP,Tribal Affairs engages,
educates, collaborates with tribal partners through a variety of methods to assist tribes
throughout all stages of the funding process for disaster recovery programs.The stages include
all aspects of the project from consultations and listening sessions to application workshops to
trainings. HCD hosted anAction Plan kick off presentation with impacted Tribal Governments on
April 21, 2022.17 people participated in the meeting including the Big Valley Band Rancheria
(Lake County), Robinson Rancheria (Lake County), Viejas Band of Kumeyaay Indians (San
Diego County), and Karuk Tribe (Siskiyou County). This presentation included information about
CDBG-DR, as well as other housing, infrastructure and planning funding sources to help tribal
continue to work with CIAP to help tribal communities to implement CDBG-DR programs
4.Limited English Proficiency
Toreduce barriers for non-English speakers or those with accessibility challenges, HCD will
make every effort to accommodate the needs of residents at all public hearings. HCD will solicit
information about the need for translators for public hearings in the notification of the hearing.
Translation services may be arranged via mail, email, or by telephone through the contact
y
reaching out to the contact information provided in the public notice. HCD maintains a list of
staff that can provide translating services in American Sign Language.
C.Complaints
HCD will provide a timely response to citizen complaints. Citizens may file awritten complaint or
appeal through the Disaster Recovery email: DisasterRecovery@hcd.ca.gov
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Director of Disaster Recovery: Maziar.Movassaghi@hcd.ca.gov. Citizens may also submit
complaints by postal mail to the following address:
ATTN: Maziar Movassaghi
Director of Disaster Recovery Housing & Community Development
2020 W. El Camino Avenue, Suite 500
Sacramento, CA 95833
The response willbe provided within fifteen working days of the receipt of the complaint, if
practicable.
To submit fair housing compliant, contact one of the following:
U.S. Department of Fair Housing and Equal Opportunity (FHEO)
o Phone:
(415) 489-6524
(800) 347-3739
(415) 436-6594 TTY
o Email: ComplaintsOffice09@hud.gov
California Department of Fair Employment and Housing (DFEH)
o Phone:
800-884-1684
800-700-2320 TTY
California's Relay Service at 711
o Email: contact.center@dfeh.ca.gov
D.Public Website
HCD will maintain a comprehensive website dedicated to CDBG-DR programs and related
activities, including the final Action Plan, public comments, and Citizen Participation Plan. The
website can be found at the following addresshttps://www.hcd.ca.gov/community-
development/disaster-recovery-programs/cdbg-dr/cdbg-dr-2020/index.shtml. In addition to the
public website, HCD will procure a vendor to communicate with program applicants regarding
their application status. This is mentioned further in the next section.
E.SubstantialAmendments
HCD will follow the CDBG Citizen Participation and all requirements in the Federal Register
Notice prior to making a substantial amendment to the Action Plan. This means that HCD will
follow the sameprocedures required for the preparation and submission of an action plan for
disaster recovery, with the exception of the public hearing requirements and consultation
requirements, which are not required for substantial amendments.
Substantial amendments are characterized by:
An addition or deletion of any CDBG-DRfunded program,
Any funding change greater than $10million of the CDBG-DRallocation,or
Any change in the designated beneficiaries of the program.
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There are additional circumstances for which HCD is required by the Consolidated Notice, 87
FR 6364, to submit a substantial amendment.
If method of distribution for a program is not known at the time HCD submits the action plan to
HUD. Method of distribution descriptions must include:
Eligibility criteria for assistance. This includes description of all exceptions that may be
provide on case-by-case basis.
Associated national objectives for each program.
Description of the maximum amount of assistance (i.e., awardcap) available to a
beneficiary under each of the disaster recovery programs.
Projected uses for the CDBG-DR funds, by responsible entity, activity, and geographic
area.
Identify all allocation criteria involved in method of distribution to local governments or
Indian tribes. Thecriteria must be identified in the action plan or substantial amendment
and approved by HUD before distributing the funds to a local government or Indian tribe.
Identify all criteria, and the relative importance of each criterion, and any eligibility
requirements, used to select applications for funding. This is applicable to applications
solicited for programs carried out directly.
Description of resale or recapture requirements and for which activity the use is
proposed. The resale or recapture requirements must clearly describe the terms of
resale or recapture and the specific circumstances under which resale or recapture will
be used.
Substantial amendments require a 30-day public comment period. Substantial amendments will
be available on the State of California CDBG-DRAction Plan websitefor public review and
comment for at least 30 days before finalization and incorporation into the comprehensive
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Action Plan.A summary of all comments received will be included in the final substantial
amendment submitted to HUD for approval.
F.Non-Substantial Amendments
Non-substantial Amendments are minor, administrative changes that do not materially alter
activities or eligible beneficiaries. Such amendments will be presented to HUD five days prior to
incorporation in the comprehensive Action Plan. Every amendment to the Action Plan
(substantial and non-substantial) will be numbered and posted on the HCD website.
G.Consideration of Public Comments
HCD will consider all public comments received in writing, via email, or delivered in person at
official public hearings regarding this Action Plan or any substantial amendments. HCD will
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HCD Website: Community Development Block Grant Program -Disaster Recovery(CDBG-DR)
158
make public comments available to citizens, public agencies, and other interested parties upon
request. To ensure citizens have equal access and opportunity to provide comments on the
Action Plan, HCD will post notices and work with local governments to ensure outreach to
impacted residents and vulnerable populations. Additionally, HCD conducted a four-factor
analysis to determine populations with Limited English Proficiency, will translate pertinent
materials into Spanish, have American Sign Language (ASL) interpreters available and a
Spanish language translator at everymeeting. HCD will also provide translation services for
additional languages if requested in advance.
H.Displacement of Persons or Entities
HCD develops all programs with the intent to minimize displacement of persons or entities,
following itsexistingResidential Anti-displacementand Relocation Assistance Plan (RARAP)in
accordance with 24 CFR part 42.325. all program policies and procedures, applications, and
technical assistance provided will include policies around displacement. HCD will amend the
existing RARAP to reflect the requirements and applicable waivers and requirements as
modified by the Consolidated Notice, 87 FR 6381,prior to implementing any activity with 2020
CDBG-DR grants funds.
HCD will minimize displacement of persons or entities as a result of the implementation of
CDBG-DR projects by ensuring that all programs are administered in accordance with the
Uniform Relocation Assistance and Real Property Acquisition Act (URA) of 1970,as amended
(49 CFR Part 24) and part 104(d) of the Housing and Community Development Act of 1974 and
the implementing regulations at 24 CFR part 570.496(a). All recovery programs outlined in this
Action Plan will be implemented with the goal of minimizingdisplacement of individuals and
families from their home, whether rental or owned, and/or their neighborhoods.
HCD understands the individualized nature of disaster recovery and the complexities of the
recovery process, as well thenecessity to join in that process to provide support and guidance
through that process. As such, HCD offers a housing counseling program for disaster impacted
individuals to include up to two optional counselingopportunities and one required counseling
opportunity to support their housing recovery process.
ReCoverCA Current
homeowners entering into the ReCoverCA housing programs receive counselingserviceson
propertymaintenance,financial management, disaster recovery funding resources, financial and
credit literacy, and other areas as needed and appropriate to assist in helping ReCoverCA
program participants determine their housing recovery plan, improve their housing conditions,
and meet their financial goals.
Traditionallyunderservedpopulations, state and federally protected classes, including racial and
ethnic minorities,theelderly, veterans,personswith disabilities, persons with limited English
proficiency and residents of rural areas,face uniquedisasterrecoveryhousing,andeconomic
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61
challengesReCoverCA HousingCounselingProgramprovides expert, unbiased
guidance, and information to help families andindividuals,particularlythemostvulnerable, meet
theirhousingneeds through an informed decision-making process.
Rehabilitation or reconstruction projects occasionally require persons to be temporarily displaced
from their residential dwelling. Although temporarily displaced persons do not receive the same
relocation assistance and payments as persons permanently displaced under the URA, they are
entitled to certain rights and protections.
When necessary and appropriate, residential tenants who will not be required to move
permanently maybe required to relocate temporarily for the project Temporary relocation should
not extend beyond one year before the displaced persons return to their previous unit or location.
While not expected, if temporarily relocatedresidential tenants are displaced for more than one
year, tenantsare entitled to permanent relocation assistance, which is not inclusive of any
temporary relocation assistancepreviously provide. All conditions of temporary relocation must
be reasonable.
required relocation plans and implement relocation advisory services for the OOR Program as
requested by HCD.
The relocation assistance requirements at part 104(d)(2)(A) of the Housing and Community
Development Act and 24 CFR 42.350 are waived to the extent that they differ from the
requirements of the URA and implementing regulation at 49 CFR part 24, as modifiedby the
Notice, for activities related to disaster recovery. Without this waiver, disparities exist in relocation
assistance associated with activities typically funded by HUD and FEMA (e.g., buyouts and
relocation).
The impacts of the disasters are vast and, in many cases, have destroyed homes. In the instance
that homes may be rehabilitated, HCD will opt for rehabilitation to minimize the displacement of
the homeowner. Additionally, the required affordability periods of at least 55yearsfor Multifamily
rentalunits will also assist with prevention of displacement.
I.Protection of People and Property
The State of Californiahas a long history of promoting building design and zoning to protect
people and property from harm due to natural disaster. Since the mid-1980s the state has
California Fire Safe Council was established to promote fire safety and to support local
community fire safe councils. At the sametimethe California Wildland Urban Interface (WUI)
HCD
Committee. This multi-agency state level committee is established pursuant to AB 642 (2021) to
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to Fair Housing:https://www.hcd.ca.gov/policy-research/plans-reports/docs/final2020ai.pdf.
160
review revised fire severity maps being development by CalFire and develop a comprehensive
wildfire mitigation plan.
Wildland-Urban Interface (WUI) Requirements
The WUI is the area where structures meet or intermingle with undeveloped wildland vegetation.
These structures are vulnerable to fire damage, as they are close to fire hazards. In 2003,the
California State Fire Marshall, in consultation with the Director of Forestry and Fire Protection
and HCD, was tasked with developing statewide fire protection requirements for roofs, exterior
walls, structure projections, and structure openings of buildings located in WUI Fire Areas.
These requirements became fully effective in 2007, and all new homes built in the WUI Fire
Areas must meet these building requirements.
Through a collaborative effort of the California Department of Forestry and Fire Protection (CAL
FIRE), Office of the State Fire Marshal, local fire districts, building associations and other public
safety organizations, the WUI codes have been developed to encourage ignition resistant
construction standards to maximize ignition resistance.
TheWUI codes are a requirement for new buildings in Fire Hazard Severity Zones in State
Responsibility Areas (where the state is primarily responsible for the prevention and
suppression of forest fires), and otherwise adopted at the discretionof local districts responsible
for their own fire protection. Mostimpacted areas are located in State Responsibility Areas.
Building standard include specific regulation of materials and design for roofing, attic ventilation,
62
exterior walls, deking and underfloor. WUI
flammable vegetation within 30 feet of buildings and modify vegetation within 100 feet around
buildings to create a defensible space for firefighters to safely protect vulnerable property and to
reduce fuels by which fire may continue to grow or spread.
In accordance with the Federal Register Notice requirement to support the adoption and
enforcement of modern and/or resilient building codes and mitigation of hazard risk, structures
located in any Fire Hazard Severity Zone within State Responsibility Areas, any Local Agency
Very-High Fire Hazard Severity Zone, or any Wildland Urban Interface Fire Area designated by
the enforcing agency. The following figureshowsthe fire hazard areas for the counties impacted
by the DR-4558and DR-4569disasters.
62
and Investigations Division
(CAL FIRE, December 14, 2021),https://osfm.fire.ca.gov/media/kmfiqck3/2021-sfm-wui-listed-products-handbook-12-
14-2021.pdf.
161
F IGURE 152:F IRE H AZARD S EVERITY Z ONES IN S TATE R ESPONSIBILITY A REAS
Source: CAL FIRE, U.S. Census Bureau
Construction Standards
The State Housing Law Program continuously refines the building standards to ensure they
comply with new or changing laws and regulation and develops statewide building standards for
new construction of all building types and accessories. The State HousingLaw Program also
develops the building standards necessary to provide accessibility in the design and
construction of all housing other than publicly funded housing. The building standards are
published as the California Building Standards Code under the California Code of Regulation,
Title 24, and construction standards in the Standard Agreement and orconstruction
agreements, executedas applicable forproject type and beneficiary,must meet or exceed all
applicable requirements for housing or building construction.
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All new construction is required to pass quality inspections and code enforcement inspections
over the development of the project, in addition to meeting accessibility requirements of the
federal Fair Housing Act, Section 504 of the Rehabilitation Act of 1973,Title VI of the Civil
Rights Act of 1964, and the Americans with Disabilities Act. HCD will require a post construction
warranty period of one-year for all work performed, including any work completed by
subcontractors.
Elevation Standards
HCD will require its subgrantees and contractors to comply with the national floodplain elevation
standards for new construction, repair of substantially damaged structures, or substantial
improvements to residential structures in flood hazard areas. All structures designed for
residential use within a 100-year (or one percent annual chance) floodplain will be elevated with
the lowest floor at least two feet above the base flood elevation level and comply with the
requirements oftheConsolidated Notice, 87 FR 6370.
Costs of elevation will be included as part of the overall cost of rehabilitation of a property. Many
homes in the impacted areas with substantial damage need updates to meet current federal,
state and local code requirements when repaired. If a home is within a 100-year floodplain, a
cost estimate will be completed and compared with local and national averages comparable to
requiredfor elevation and the geography of the location. Any
building that has a total cost of repairs greater than 50 percent of the pre-disaster value of the
property is considered substantially damaged and will require the entire home to be brought into
code compliance.
Where a neighborhoodor large tract of houses havesubstantial damage and also require
elevation, the overall impact of elevation on the long-term affordability and maintenance of the
housing stock for the area will be considered in determining the best and most reasonable way
forward to provide repairs.
Flood Insurance Requirements
Property owners receiving assistance through the Owner-Occupied Housing Recovery Program
will be required to acquire and maintain flood insurance if their properties are located in a FEMA
designated special flood hazard area.
Greenand Resilient Building Standards
AllCDBG-DR fundedprojects must identify an industry-recognizedgreen building standard and
a minimum energy efficiencystandard. These standards are further addressed in housing and
and procedures. Project files will include the requirements
incorporated per project.
Federal Green Building Standards
HUD requires all rehabilitation, reconstruction, and new construction to be designed to
incorporate principles of sustainability, including water and energy efficiency, resilience, and
mitigating the impact of future disasters. Wherever feasible, the State of California follows best
practices, such as those provided by the U.S. Department of Energy, Home Energy
Professionals: Professional Certifications and Standard work specifications. For CDBG-DR
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funded projects, HUD requires green building standards for replacement and new construction
of residential housing.All rehabilitation projects will follow the policies and proceduresspecified
in the HUD Community Planning and Development (CPD) Green Building Retrofit Checklist, to
the extent applicable, for rehabilitation other than the rehabilitation of substantially damaged
residential buildings.
State Green Building Standards
All new construction of residential buildings or reconstruction of substantially damaged buildings
Code (CAL Greendatory in 2011, and
adopted to address five divisions of building construction and improve public health, safety, and
general welfare. The divisions addressed are as follows: planning and design, energy efficiency,
water efficiencyand conservation, material conservation and resource efficiency, and
environmental quality.
In May 2018, the California Energy Commission adopted new building standards that requires
all newly constructed homes to include solar photovoltaic systems, effective January 1, 2020.
Homes built with the 2019 standards use approximately 53 percent less energy than those built
under the 2016 standards.
CAL Greenapplies to the planning, design, operation, construction, use, and occupancy of
nearly every newly constructed building or structurein the state, as well as additions and
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size.
Residential Construction Standards
All residential construction projects will comply with the housing construction codes of the State
of California, including all units developed under the Owner-Occupied Housing Recovery
Program or the MultifamilyHousingRecovery Program.Housing construction codes for building
in California follow federal and state laws, regulations, and adaptions for construction of single
family and Multifamily units.
J.Appeals Process
HCD will provide a mechanism for homeowners, cities, counties, and other entities to receive
timely responses to complaints and appeals in order to maintain quality operations. The
Complaints Section providesinformation on how to file a written complaint to HCD.
Homeowners may appeal the quality of the rehabilitation work and file complaints. HCD will
utilize a program implementation contractor to implement the owner-occupied housing program.
63
California Department of Housing and Community Development -
(HCD, 2019), https://hcd.ca.gov/building-standards/index.shtml.
164
HCD, along with the program implementation contractor, will developarobust appealprocess
that will be outlined in the program policies and procedures.
The appeals process will include atminimum a two-level process which includes a program
appeals process and state level appeals process. Prior to an appeals process, program staff will
work with homeowners and contractors to resolve issues and ensurethe work completed meets
code requirements and program standards. Contractors will be required to provide a one-year
warranty period on work performed and will be required to address
about the quality and timeliness of the work. The program will develop detailed procedures
around process for homeownersgiven circumstances that the quality of rehabilitation work
completed on their home does not meet program standards. The program staff will berequired
to review and manage the appeals process. In the event that an appeal is not resolved in the
program appeals process, the state appeals process will be activated. Further details on the
appeals processes will be outlined in the program policies and procedures.Information about
theappeals process and filing a complaint will be provided to homeowners with program
materials, policies, and procedures. The process and expectation will also be explained to
contractors and included within the construction contracts.
K.Contractor Standards
The Owner-Occupied Rehabilitation and Reconstruction Program completes repairs and
procurement process. As part of thisprocess, contractors are required to complete a vendor
background questionnaire and to report pertinent information relating to the contractor and/or its
key personnel. Prior to contract execution, company background checks are conducted, and
channels are established with other agencies to verify and validate those that will be providing
services on behalf of the program. Processing steps including multiple levels of quality
assurance and quality control review are conducted to validate vendor provided application
construction process.
Vendor-contractors participating in the program must be licensedproperly licensed by the state
of California and must meet all state and bonding requirements associated with the size and
types of projects that they are working on. They must also maintain general liability and builders
risk insurance as well as workers compensation coverage at all times.
The program conducts periodic construction inspections that verify progression of work and
vendor-contractor is not completing work in keeping with industryhomebuilding contractor
standards andworkmanshipmaysubmitagrievance to the program and the state in writing as
detailed in section 12.3 of the policies and procedures for the Owner-Occupied Rehabilitation
and Reconstruction Program.
During the program application process, participants are provided with a notice of the danger of
fraud and scams perpetrated by unscrupulous individuals, contractors, and businesses. Anyone
wishing to report suspicious or fraudulent activity may contact the program via email at
ReCoverCA@hcd.ca.govor via phone at (916) 263-6461.
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If, during reconstruction or rehabilitation or their homes, applicants are victimized through theft,
vandalism, or contractor fraud, they are encouraged to report all incidents immediately to the
program via email at ReCoverCA@hcd.ca.gov or contact a program representative via phone at
(916) 263-6461.Applicants experiencing contractor fraud will be required to complete a formal
complaint with a government authority such as a law enforcement agency, the California
a court
detailing the cause and amount of fraud in sufficient form can suffice. All cases of suspected
contractor fraud will be reviewed by HCD for administrative and potential unmet needs
consideration. As detailed in section 9.5.15 of this program policy, ReCoverCA has procedures
the program can provide scope to cover the appl
HCD has established areferral process with the HUD Office of Inspector Generalfor any
suspected applicant or contractor wrongdoing. After internal fact gathering and review, HCD will
forward suspected fraudulent activity for additional law enforcement follow-up, as necessary.
L.Preparedness, Mitigation, and Resiliency
To integrate hazard mitigation and resilience planning with recovery efforts HCD will promote
sound, sustainable, long-term recovery planning informed by post-disaster evaluation of hazard
risk, including climate-related hazards, and the creation of resilience performance metrics.
HUD defines resilience for CDBG-
and recover quickly from extreme events and changing conditions, including natural hazard
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construction related programs include construction standards that will incorporate
resilience and hazard mitigation measures into CDBG-DR funded activities.
In response to 87 FR 6370 this Action Plan must align with existing FEMA or other state, local,
or tribal hazard mitigation plans. In addition, mitigation measures must be incorporated when
carrying out activities to construct, reconstruct, or rehabilitate residentialor non-residential
structures with CDBG-DR funds.
Forthese construction activities for residential or non-residential structures, HCD must establish
resilience performance metrics for the activity including:
An estimate of the projected risk to the completed activity from natural hazards, including
those hazards that are influenced by climate change.
Identification of the mitigation measures that will address the projected risks, and
e data.
For OOR and MHP HCD will take into account the fire severity zones in which the funded OOR
and MHP properties are located to assess how Cal Fire and local jurisdictions make those
64
Climate Resilience and Disaster Recovery at HUDDisasterRecovery& Special Issues Division -Office of
Community Planning & Development, n.d.),
https://www.hud.gov/sites/dfiles/CPD/documents/Climate_Action_Equity_and_Recovery_Slides.pdf.
166
determinationsto include how climate change impacts wildfire risk.Additionally, HCD will
considerfire-resistant characteristics required for compliance with Wildland Urban Interface
(WUI)code as well as any building methods and materials that the program is using that will
exceed WUI standards.
HCD will assist subrecipients to define appropriate resilience metrics for infrastructure projects
with the FEMA PA Match Program.
M.Cost Controls for Cost-Reasonableness
All construction activities that utilize CDBG-DR funds, including the mitigation set-aside, must be
reasonable and consistent with market costs at the time and placeof constructionor
procurement. To comply with this requirement, HCD will follow the procedures outlined in
Section VI, Part N of the HCD CDBG-DR Grants Administration Manual(CDBG-DR GAM) to
complete and document independent cost estimates (ICE), cost or price analyses, and cost
reasonablenessdetermination within each of its procurements.Additionally, for OOR
are such as Xactimate for all
estimating to ensure cost reasonable industry standards. Specific parameters regarding cost
reasonableness requirements will also be outlined within policies and procedures on a program-
by-program basis.
Subrecipients must take into account the costs and benefits of incorporating hazard mitigation
measures to protect against the specific identified impacts of future extreme weather events and
other natural hazards.
N.Duplication of BenefitsReview
Asupplication of benefits occurs when an impacted homeowner or community receives financial
assistance from multiple sources such as FEMA, USACE, EDA, insurance, etc. for a cumulative
amountthat exceeds the total need for a particular mitigation purpose.A duplication of benefits
(DOB) review will be applied to all CDBG-DR activities.
need, subrecipients must follow . The process for determining any duplicates
includes assessing the need, identifying the total assistance available to the applicant deducting
benefits received for a different purpose, deducting funds received for the same purpose but
different eligible use, and funds not available. Once the duplicated funds have been identified
and subtracted from the unmet need amount, any remaining unmet need can be assisted with
the CDBG-DR funds.
All agreements between HCD and beneficiaries, and HCD and subrecipients requireall sources
of possible duplicative assistance to be disclosed to HCD. Additionally, a subrogation clause
contained in these agreements requires any person who receives further assistance to repay
that assistance, if the amount of assistance exceeds the funding required for the project.
O.Fair Housing
HCD will follow policies and procedures for compliance with Affirmatively Furthering Fair
Housing (AFFH) requirements during the planning and implementation of all the activities listed
in this Action Plan. Such policies and procedures involve a review that includes an assessment
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of the demographics of the proposed housing project area, socioeconomic characteristics,
environmental hazard or concerns, and other factors material to the AFFH determination.
Programs are required to comply with all relevant fairhousing laws, including the federal Fair
Housing Act, Title VI of the Civil Rights Act of 1964, Section 504 of the Rehabilitation Act of
1973, and the Americans with Disabilities Act. These laws prohibit discrimination in housing and
federally assisted programs on the basis of race, color, national origin, religion, sex, disability,
and familial status. The federal obligation to affirmatively further fair housing stems from the Fair
Housing Act. State fair housing laws, including the California Fair Employment and Housing Act,
are also required for Fair Housing compliance.
P.Demonstrable Hardship
policies for applicants who demonstrate undue hardship. A demonstrable hardship is defined as
provide and maintain a minimal standardof livingor basic necessities, such as food, housing,
clothingand transportation, causing economic distress well beyond mere inconvenience. A
demonstrable hardship must occur after the fires and must be documented with objective
evidence.
The demonstrable hardship must be of a severe, involuntary and unexpected nature, and not
generally for the same reasons shared with other households affected by the disaster.
Examples of demonstrable hardship may include job loss, failure of a business, divorce, severe
medical illness, injury, death of a family member or spouse, unexpected and extraordinary
medical bills, disability, substantial income reduction, unusual and excessive amount of debt
due to a natural disaster, etc. However, there is no one event that automatically defines a
demonstrable hardship. HCD will consider ea
hardship is claimed, and documentation can be provided showing the cause and other factors
relevant to the issue of demonstrable hardship.
Q.Not Suitable for Rehabilitation
HCD defines a structure as not suitable for rehabilitation in two scenarios:
The cost for rehabilitation is over 50 percent of the pre-disaster fair market value of the
home
The cost for rehabilitation exceeds the cost to reconstruct the home.
IV.Grantee Proposed Use of Funds
A.Connection of Programs to Unmet Needs
1.Unmet Needs and Proposed Programs
Programs are developed to address the most severeunmet needs and in full compliance with
the Federal Register Notice.The level of unmet recovery need identified in both eligible 2020
counties, as well as the MID counties far exceeds the amount available through the current
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2020 funding allocation.With limited funds available, HCDmust prioritize its limited funding on
areas that will make the most impact for low and moderate income, federally protected classes,
and vulnerable populations. In an effort to maximize its impact, HCDproposes to use the 2020
funds to focus on unmet housing need and infrastructure funding that can support housing
development.
As discussed in the Unmet Needs section, there areunmet recoveryneeds across all eligible
activities. The needs assessment influenced the development and prioritization of recovery
activities outlined in the Action Plan. HCD consulted with affected citizens, stakeholders, local
governments, and public housing authorities to assess needs. Following the guidance in the
focus its 2020 CDBG-DR resources primarily on housing program in MID areas, with the
remaining funding for FEMA PA match for housing-related infrastructure projects in MID areas.
HCD acknowledges that any proposed CDBG-DR funded programs must also consider eligible
CDBG activities, must be responsive to CDBG national objectives, must comply with all
regulatory guidance issued to HCD, and must consider best practices established through
similar recovery initiatives. Allocation of Funds
As required by the Federal Register notice, 87 FR 6364, this Action Plan must describe the
method of distribution of funds and the descriptions of specific programs or activities HCD will
carry out directly.
This Action Plan outlines the following:
Eligible affected areas and subrecipients;
Criteria for eligibility;
Methodologyused to distribute funds to subrecipients;
Activities for which funding may be used; and
Program requirements, including Duplicationof Benefits analysis.
Allocations for the CDBG-DRprograms are based on needs as identified through an analysis of
FEMA IA and FEMA PA claims.The primary consideration in developing effective CDBG-DR
programming is the unmet needs analysis. Programs are developedto address the most severe
unmet needs and in full compliance with the Federal Register Notice. TheNeeds Assessment
showsthattotal unmet recovery needs surpass the CDBG-DR funds allocated to the state by
HUD. HCD based programming decisions on best available data from multiple sources,
including FEMA, SBA, private insurance, state agencies, and local governments, broad
engagement withthe public and stakeholders, and planning discussions about program
typologies and design options to maximize the benefits of the available funding.
The allocations for each recovery programare based on the unmet needs analysis, which
identified housing and infrastructure as a crucial unmet recovery need. HCD also performed a
mitigation needs assessment to inform activities proposed for the mitigation set-aside.
B.National Objective
In accordance with 24 CFR 570.208, all CDBG-DR andMitigationfunded activities must satisfy
a national objective. Each program description had detailed information on the national objective
it is projected to meet. HCD anticipates that through program design and implementation, all
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programswill either meet the low to moderate income housing national objective, lowto
moderatearea benefit national objective, or urgent need national objective.
C.Program Budget
The budget table below,Figure 152,provides budget for each proposed CDBG-DR and
Mitigationprogram in the Action Plan.The program allocations include program funds as well as
activity delivery costs(ADCs)which are anticipated tobe incurred by HCD, its contractors, and
subrecipients where applicable.
F IGURE 153:2020CDBG-DRA CTION P LAN T OTAL A LLOCATION AND P ROGRAM F UNDING BY
P ROGRAM T YPE
2020 CDBG-DR Action Plan Total Budget$231,203,000Program %
Administration$11,560,1505%
2020 Total Funding CDBG-DR (with administration)$201,046,00087%
2020 Total Funding Mitigation Set-Aside (with
$30,157,00013%
administration)
CDBG-DR Program Funding$190,993,700
Housing Programs$183,353,95296%
Multifamily Housing Program$128,347,76670%
Owner Occupied Housing Program$45,838,48825%
Homebuyer Assistance Program$9,167,6985%
Infrastructure Programs$7,639,7484%
FEMA PA Match$7,639,748100%
Mitigation Set-Aside Program Funding$28,649,15015%
Owner Occupied Housing Mitigation Program$21,486,86375%
Multifamily Housing Mitigation$7,162,28725%
D.Leveraging Funds
Over the last three decades, HCD has providedmore than $3 billion in funding for the
development of affordable housing and associated infrastructure. HCD manages non-
entitlement programs, providing leadership and policies to preserve and expand safe and
affordable housing opportunities and promote strong communities for all Californians. By
administering programs that provide grants and loans from both state and federal housing
programs, HCD canleverage existing programstoincreasethe impact of CDBG-Dr funding.
Tomaximize the impact of the CDBG-DR funding provided to the state, there will be an ongoing
commitment to identify and leverage other federal and non-federal funding sources. HCD will
alsoutilize existing relationships and strive to create new partnerships with other federal and
state agencies, corporations, foundations, nonprofits, and other stakeholders as a means of
leveraging all viable sources of funding.
CDBG-DR funds will be used to address critical unmet needs that remain following the infusion
of funding from other federal sources, including FEMA and SBA. Existing state resources and
other funds from the disaster appropriation will also be examined to ensure that all available
funding is used where it is most needed.
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Furthermore, the state has designed all housing programsin this Action Plan to cover the gap in
funding remaining after insurance, and other assistance has been applied to each project.
Understanding the limited funding for recovery, the state will encourage all program applicants
to seekout other funding sources to meet their full recovery needs.
The state has authorized many housing programs that may complement the recovery effort.
These programs are either competitive or are issued based on a formula allocation; no loans or
grants are made directly to individual households. Cities, counties, qualified CHDOs, affordable
housing corporations, and other qualified applicants may apply to build more affordable housing
in their community to speed recovery.
E.Program Allocations
1.Method of Distribution
HCD will distribute funds to beneficiaries using one of two methods: 1) HCD administered
programs and 2)
2.Criteria to Determine Method of Distribution
Funds are distributed among proposed programs using an objective methodology targeted
towards the Most Impacted and Distressed identified earlier in this document. Distribution
methods are designed to consider the unique context and needs of affected populations as well
as the administrative capacity ofjurisdictions that will manage the local recovery process. This
methodology ensures that CDBG-DR funds will be used to maximum benefit to address unmet
housing recovery, infrastructure repair, mitigation goals, and economic revitalization needs.
As requiredby the Federal Register Notice, HCDconducted an assessment of its internal
capacity during program planning and design. The capacity assessment concluded that, with
organizational and staffing adjustments at HCD, theDepartment can successfully launch and
directly manage a large statewide program.
HCD also assessed the capacity of local governments to administer CDBG-DR funded
programs during recovery planning and coordination discussions. This assessment included
evaluations of localitiesmiliaritywith key grant administration requirements, experience
managing programs similar to those proposed in thisAction Plan, and ability to addnecessary
capacity and subject matter expertise through hiring or procurement.
Through the conversations and working sessions with local officials, HCD gained a clear
understanding of local strengths and how best to leverage the capacity and expertise at the
local level. These assessments concluded that local governments are best positioned to operate
and manage project specific funding related to infrastructure.
a.MultifamilyProgram Allocation
For the Multifamily Program, allocations are based on FEMA IA applicant data for LMI renter-
occupied households that were categorized as having Major or Severe damage according to
recovery needs for the 2020 disasters, HCD proposes to limit funding available for all CDBG-DR
and mitigation programs to only MID counties.
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HCD is aware that disasters disproportionately affect LMI households, and that this disparate
impact, combined with pre-disaster vulnerabilities, make the recovery process especially
challengingfor vulnerable populations and underserved communities.LMI households are also
more likely to be displaced during and after a disasterdue to limited resources and a diminished
stock of affordable, available, and safe housing. To mitigate those inequities, HCD applied the
following allocation model:
Number of LMI
2020 Impacted Percent of Total
Renters Impacted Allocation
CountyDamage
(FEMA FVL)
Santa Cruz (County)49934%$43,479,657
Butte (County)38726%$33,720,696
Napa (County)14210%$12,372,969
Sonoma (County)1329%$11,501,633
Los Angeles (County)1198%$10,368,896
Solano (County)896%$7,754,889
Siskiyou (County)493%$4,269,546
Fresno (County)433%$3,746,744
Shasta (County)131%$1,132,737
Total1,473100%$128,347,766
b.Infrastructure Funding Allocation
The overall allocation to the infrastructure recovery program is based on the unmet needs
analysisfor the local match for FEMAPA projects for categories C-G.
3.HCD Administered
HCD will directly operate theOwner-Occupied Housing Rehabilitation and Reconstruction
Program(OOR)and the Multifamily program. For the OOR staff will engage impacted
homeownersstatewide to apply for assistance.HCD willutilizea qualified vendor to perform full
scale program management duties to augment HCD capacity and ensure high quality customer
service delivery. Program staff will work with the procured vendor to maintain program
timeliness, provide oversight, and ensure all levels of the program are compliant.
HCDwill directly administer the MultifamilyProgram and will directly solicit applications for
affordable housing development projects. Funding will be made available to applicants by HCD
through a Notice of Funding Availability (NOFA) process whereby applicants will compete for
funds in one of six regional set-asides based on the location of the proposed project.
The Homebuyer Assistance Programwill be a standalone program directly administered and
implemented by HCD with the assistance of either a state agency partner or a procured
contractorand will provide down payment and other housing assistance to low-to moderate-
income disaster impacted homeowners, enabling them to relocate outside of high-risk areas or
thedisaster declared areas.
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4.SubrecipientAdministered
HCD will engage with subrecipients to administer the Infrastructure RecoveryProgram. The
Program will fund the CDBG-DR eligible local match for FEMAPA projectsfor categories C-G.
All projects will be vetted for CDBG-DR compliance and eligibility, ensuring that proposed
projects adhere to federal requirements and the requirements set forth in the Action Planand
program policies and procedures. The implementation and management of individual projects
will be the responsibility of participating subrecipients, while HCD will provide monitoring and
broad oversight of subrecipientadministered funds.
5.Reimbursement Payments to Subrecipients
HCD operates on a reimbursement basis for all CDBG-DRand MIT projects. All costs must be
incurred and paid for by the subrecipient prior to HCD providing a reimbursement from the U.S.
Treasury.
Subrecipients are expected to submit payment requests on a monthly basis according to the
Standard Agreement and provide evidence that all invoices and costs incurred were paid and
the work was inspected. Payments for eligible costs are processed when submitted to HCD as
reimbursements for subrecipients for expenses incurred during the project. Mitigation staff then
reconcile expenditures with FI$Cal and Grants Network, the financial system and systems of
record for the state and HCD.
Processes for monitoring expenditures of subrecipients and payment processing are outlined in
Under certain conditions, subrecipients may incur costs prior to the effective date of their grant
agreement. The subrecipient may then pay those costs (including reimbursing itself if it used its
own funds to pay the costs) after the effective date of the grant agreement. Such costs are
allowable only to the extent that they would have been allowable if incurred after the date of the
Federal award and only with written approval of HCD.
If pre-awardcosts (also known as pre-agreement costs) are incurred for an eligible activity listed
in this action plan, the payment for eligible costs must comply with the pre-award regulations at
24 CFR 570.200(h) and 570.489(b) and follow the guidance issued by HUD in the Community
and Planning Development (CPD) notice 15-07. Full eligibility criteria will be provided in the
program policies and proceduresand will be made available during the project application
phase.
6.Program Income
In some circumstances, CDBG-DRor CDBG-MITfunded activities may generate program
project or administration costs related to the awarded project before additional grant dollars are
expended. Any incomegenerated by a subrecipient must be reported to HCD on a regular
basis, as detailed in the Standard Agreement between HCD and the subrecipient. HCD reports
all program income to HUD through the HUD Disaster Recovery Grant Reporting System
(DRGR).
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Furtherdetails on how program income is managed and reported on by subrecipients and HCD
is provided in the GAM.
7.Recapture
Under the OOR an applicant may be required to repay all, or a portion of the assistance
received from the Program. The reasons for grant recapture mayincludethe following reasons:
Providing false or misleading information to the OOR
Withdrawal from OOR priorto completion of the project. Withdrawal from the
program must be in writing or email and a new survey and application will be
required if the applicant wishes to participate again.
Construction is not completed due to non-cooperation by owner(s).
Non-compliance with the approved SOW in a manner that would make the home
ineligible (i.e., did not comply with lead paint abatement requirements).
Failure to report the receipt of additional insurance, SBA, FEMA,non-profit
assistance and/or any other DOB received after award.
To address any potential future DOB, applicant beneficiaries must, as a requirement for
participating in OOR, agree to enter into a signed subrogation agreement to repay any
assistance later received for the same purpose as the CDBG-DR funds. If, afteran awardis
issued, a re-assessment of need occurs and the applicant receives an increased award, then
the applicant shall be required to sign a revised subrogation agreement to repay any assistance
later received for the same purpose as the CDBG-DR funds.
8.Eligible Geographic Areas
HUD requires that 80 percent of CDBG-DR funding be spent within areas designated as Most
Impacted and Distressed(MID areas).HCD will spend 100 percent of the 2020 DR Allocation,
to include the mitigation set-aside, in the HUD MID areas.
The following counties make up the MID areas for DR-4558 and DR-4569: Butte, Fresno, Los
Angeles,Napa, Santa Cruz, Shasta, Siskiyou, Solano, and Sonoma.Data sources relating to
these MID counties arefurther explained in the Unmet Needs Assessment section of this Action
Plan.
F.Housing Recovery Programs
HCDwill implementasuite ofhousing recovery programs to address the unmet recovery need
in the HUD MID areas:an Owner-Occupied Housing Rehabilitation and Reconstruction Program
(OOR), a Homebuyer Assistance Program (HBA)and a MultifamilyHousing Program(MHP).
Together, the housing programs will receive$183,353,952of the received CDBG-DR funds.
This represents approximately 96percent of the CDBG-DR funds allocated in PL 117-43to the
State of California.The unmet needs analysisidentified a total housing unmet recovery need
of$463,567,364, for both owner-occupied and rental dwellings.Additionally, HCD is allocating
100 percentof the Mitigation set-aside program funding,$28,649,150, to benefit OOR and MHP
properties.At the outset of the OOR launch, an interest survey will be conducted to identify
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demand for the program being launched and inform the need for additional programming
considerations. The survey will assist in evaluatingthe specific recovery needs of impacted
property owners as well identifydemographic information to assist in targeting recovery funds to
vulnerable populations.
Additionally, HCD has consulted withhousing counseling agencies in the development of this
Action Plan and will continue to work with these agencies as the housing recovery programs are
implemented. HCD will follow policies and procedures for compliance with Affirmatively
Furthering Fair Housing (AFFH) requirements during the planning and implementation of each
housing activity to lessen area racial, ethnic, and low-income concentrations, and/or promote
affordable housing across the disaster-affected areas. Programs will also be developed with the
intent to minimize displacement of persons or entities following 24 CFR part 42.325, 49 CFR
part 24 of the URA, 104(d) of the HCDA, and regulations under 24 CFR part 570.496(a).
arketing procedures for
outreach to protected class groups least likely to apply. Additionally, materials will be provided in
other languages, such as Spanish, to accommodate LEP persons. Language access services
for persons who are LEP and the availability of accessible features and reasonable
accommodations for persons with disabilities will be provided through case management.
OOR and MHP projects will incorporate mitigation measures for home and property hardening
which may include the creation of defensible space zones to reduce wildfire risk to properties.
Home hardening includes the use of materials and methods that make a home or multifamily
buildingmore resistant to wildfire. Eligible activities that meet the definition of mitigation
definition and meet a national objective will utilize the CDBG-DR Mitigation set-aside.HCD will
track all use of the Mitigation set-aside as a separate activity type in the HUD Disaster Recovery
and Grant Reporting system (DRGR).
HCDhas createda comprehensive suite of programs under the ReCoverCA umbrella that
respond to the needs of both disaster-impacted communities and the individuals that reside
within them.
Owner Occupied Housing Rehabilitation and Reconstruction Program
Owner Occupied Housing Rehabilitation and Reconstruction Mitigation Program
Housing Counseling
Homebuyer Assistance Program
1.Owner Occupied Housing Rehabilitation and Reconstruction Program
Theprimary objective of OORis the provision of decent, safe, and sanitary housing in the areas
impacted by the DR-4558 and DR-4569 disasters.Additionally, the program is designed to
ensure that the housing needs of very-low, low-, and moderate-income households and
vulnerable populations, including individuals that were made homeless as a result of the
disaster, are addressed to the greatest extent feasible. Furthermore, the program will not only
address disaster-related damages but also will mitigate potential future damage.
The program will provide rehabilitation orreconstruction assistance to eligible applicants based
on the extent of damage to their primary residences. All projects will incorporate wildfire
mitigation measures including the use of ignition-resistant building materials and the creation of
defensiblespace, reducing risk from future wildfire disasters.
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Allocation Amount(Program Level):
100 percent of the funds budgeted for OOR rehabilitation and reconstruction, as well OOR
Mitigation will meetunmetneed in the HUD-MID)
counties.
OORRehabilitation and
ReconstructionCDBG-$45,838,488
DR funds
OOR MitigationHome
HardeningMitigation $21,486,863
set-aside
OOR projects will utilize funds fromthe budget line items above to cover the costs to rehabilitate
or reconstruct owner-occupied residential structuresandincorporate mitigation measures.All
activity costs allocating tothe Mitigation set-aside will meet the definition of mitigation as
required in the FRN.
ProgramDelivery Responsible Entity
OOR
and contract managers. The 2020 programOOR Program for2017 and
2018 disasters, using itssystems and processesto ensure both a rapid startup and iterative
improvement.The state utilizesa qualified vendor to perform full scale program management
services, including capacity-building for HCD staff, marketing and distribution of the program
survey, overseeing intake, completing eligibility andbenefit determinations, providing case
management through the process, quality control to prevent fraud, waste, and abuse,
construction monitoring, and construction management. Applicantsareassigned case
managers to support them through the recovery process from application to construction and
project closeout.
Form of Assistance
Assistance is provided in the form of a grant award to qualifying applicants for therehabilitation
or reconstruction of their primary residence.enters into
an agreement with the property owner and managesand performsall rehabilitation or
reconstruction activities,as well as mitigation activities included within the contract scope of
work.The award is providedin increments as construction and mitigation activities are
completed.
Maximum Assistance:
The maximum amount of assistance availablefor rehabilitation or reconstruction is $500,000
per damaged structure after applying any duplication of benefits reductions.Reconstruction is
permissible where the total cost of rehabilitation is greater than the cost to reconstructor where
rehabilitation is otherwise technically infeasible. Reconstruction is defined as the rebuilding of a
structure on the same site in substantially the same manner. A reconstructed property must not
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increase the number of dwellings on site, although the number of rooms may increase or
decrease.
In addition to the grant award for rehabilitation or reconstruction,the mitigation set-aside will
assist in covering home hardeningcoststo include the cost of WUI construction codes; the set-
aside isavailable in amounts not to exceed 10percentofeach
reconstruction CDBG-DR award.
Additionally, the OOR Mitigation program is eligible to owner-occupied properties that did not
suffer damage in the DR-4558 or DR-4569 events, but are located in the MID, and can utilize
the rehabilitation activity to enable the single-familyunit to meet the WUI code standards to
make their homes more resistant to wildfire. OOR applicants applying for rehabilitation to bring
their homes up to WUI code standards may receive up to $50,000 in grant assistance.
Hardships: As a standard practice, OORapplicants requiring more than the cap onAssistance
must fund the remainder of their project with private funds or other resources, however,
exceptions to the maximum award will be considered on a case-by-case basis. In situations
where the applicant has a demonstrable hardship, the specific conditionswill be evaluated to
determine how best to proceed.
adisaster that prohibits or severely affects their ability to provide a minimal standard of living or
the basic necessities of life, including food, housing, clothing, and transportation. Such
instances typically include job loss, business failure, divorce, severe medical illness, and
disability. Program staff will evaluate instances of demonstrable hardship on a case-by-case
basis after review of the circumstances. The criteria for documenting such hardship may have
the award cap increased up to the amount required to complete the repair or reconstruction of
their property.
a.Eligible Activities
Through the FRN,87 FR 6370, HUD adopts alternative requirements to activities eligible under
HCDA Section 105(a) which allows California to carry outmodified activitiestocomply with the
requirements in the FRN to incorporate mitigation measures as a construction standard.
Housing activities allowed under CDBG-DR; HCDA Section 105(a)(1), 105(a)(3-4), 105(a)(8),
105(a)(11), 105(a)(18), and 105(a)(25), include but are not limited to:
Single family owner-occupied rehabilitation, reconstruction, and/ornew construction;
Repair and replacement of manufactured housing units;
Hazard mitigation;
Elevation;
Relocation Assistance;
Demolition only;
Public service with the 15 percent cap (e.g.,housing counseling, legal counseling, job
training, mental health, and general health services); and
Other administrativeactivities associated with the recovery of single-family housing
stock impacted.
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b.National Objective
In accordance with 24 CFR 570.208andSection 104(b)(3) of the Housing and Community
Development Act (HCDA), all CDBG-DR funded activities must satisfy a national objective. All
OORactivities will meet either the urgent need or LMI housing national objective criteria related
to disaster recovery.As stated in the Needs Assessment, the location of the disasters present
unique challenges for addressing housing impacts. The disasters impacted households of all
incomes and landscapes, including suburban neighborhoods and rural communities. While
there are regional differences in the housing markets, all of the impacted areas struggle to
provide an adequate supply of affordable homes to area residents. The dollar amounts reflected
in the budgetary split between OORwhich will serve homeowners, and the MHP, which will
serve renters, take displacement of LMI would-be applicants into account and the MHPbudget
is based on FEMA IA data. Thus,the prioritization criteria for participation in OORwill ensure
that housing recovery programming will be directed toward LMI beneficiaries.However, HCD
understands the devastating impacts the fires had on non-LMI owners, and the urgency to
provide assistance and return them to their homes. Figure 63in the needs assessment shows
the impacted counties which had impacts to non LMI homeowners.HCD has made tiers three
and four of its prioritizationsavailable to non LMI homeownersin the MID.Utilizing urgent need
is critical to ensuring the recovery of theentire community. HCD anticipates thatall OOR urgent
need funding will be spent in the required 36 months per the FRN.
c.Incorporation of Mitigation Measures
HCD will incorporate mitigation measures into activities under the OORby meeting or
exceeding the State of California building code, which incorporatesmitigation measures. For
example, there are minimum standards for materials and materialassemblies to provide a
reasonable level of exterior wildfire exposure protection for buildings in WIUareas; in high-risk
fire areas, WUIcode is also applied, which is an additional code upgrade that includes fire
resistant exterior materials and requirements to maintain defensible space around the home.
The program will apply the mitigation measures in the WUI code to areas both inside and
outside of where it is mandated by code. In addition, the code requiresindoor fire sprinklers for
single-family homes.All residential construction projects must comply with the current published
housing construction codes for the State of California. Housing construction codes for building in
California follow federal and state laws, regulations, and adaptions for construction of single
family and Multifamilyunits.
Building standards are published as the California Buildings Standards Code under the
California Code of Regulations, Title 24, and construction standards must meet or exceed all
applicable requirements for housing or building construction.
Const
https://www.hcd.ca.gov/building-standards/index.shtml.
Specific code compliance to achieve hazard mitigation, such as WUIcodes, are implemented
where applicable according to local code and the unique needs of impacted communities.
Applying WUI codes to areas within the burn scar but outside of declared WUI areas recognizes
that risk maps cannot keep pace with the rapidly changing fire risk.
178
WUIcodes are designed to mitigate the risks from wildfire to life and property. The standards
within a WUI code vary according to the scope that a community is willing to adopt and enforce.
WUI area codesmay include the following topics:
Structure density and location: number of structures allowed in areas at risk from
wildfire, plus setbacks (distance between structures and distance between other features
such as slopes).
Building materials and construction: roof assembly and covering, eaves, vents,
gutters, exterior walls, windows, non-combustible building materials, and non-
combustible surface.
Vegetation management: tree thinning, spacing, limbing, and trimming; removal of any
vegetation gr
vegetation removal, and brush clearance; vegetation conversion, fuel modifications, and
landscaping.
Emergency vehicle access: driveways, turnarounds, emergency access roads,
marking of roads, and property address markers.
Water supply: approved water sources and adequate water supply.
Fire protection: automatic sprinkler system, spark arresters, and propanetank storage.
d.Deed Restrictionsand Restrictive Covenants
To safeguard the CDBG-DR investment in the property, HCD requiresa deed restriction or
restrictive covenant on properties funded through the program. The deed restriction or restrictive
covenantremainsin effect for a period oftwo years following the date of receipt of the certificate
of occupancy of the rehabilitated or reconstructed structure. For the length of the deed
restriction or restrictive covenant, the property must remain as the primary residence of the
owner-occupants to whomthe rehabilitation/reconstruction grant was made.Selling the
property, using it as a second home, converting it into rental property, or otherwise changing its
owner of record will result in non-compliance. Propertieswill be monitored annuallyby HCD for
compliance with the deed restrictive covenantand failure to comply with the deed restriction or
restrictive covenant will result in grant fund recovery.
The deed restriction or restrictive covenant may be releasedon a case-by-case basis by HCD in
certain circumstances. The specific language and requirements in the deed restriction or
restrictive covenant will be set forth in the program policies and proceduresand will be available
for applicants participating in the OOR program.
e.Affirmative Marketing
The
outreach to protected class groups least likely to apply to the OOR Program. Additionally,
materials will be provided in languages other than English, such as Spanish, to accommodate
LEP persons. Language access services for persons who are LEP and the availability of
accessible features and reasonableaccommodations for persons with disabilities will be
provided to applicants through case management.
f.Applicant Eligibility(Per OOR Property)
Applicants will be eligible to participate in the OOR Program if they meet the following criteria:
179
Must have owned the home at the time of the qualifying disaster.
Must have occupied the home as their primary residence at the time of the qualifying
disaster.
Home must be located in a MID county.
The home must have been damaged as a result of the qualifying disaster and located in
a MIDcounty. Applicants only applying for OOR Mitigationmeasures are exempt.
Must be current on property taxes or have an approved payment plan or tax exemption.
The property must have been correctly permitted and permissible for the zoning area or
local development standard.
The property must be a single-family dwelling, such as astick built, modular, or mobile
home (i.e., not a condominium, duplex, fourplex, or another multi-owner property).
HCD will assess applicant eligibility on a case-by-casebasis according to the eligibility criteria
fully defined in the program policies and procedures.
Prioritization
Applicants receiving OOR funding for rehabilitation and reconstruction and mitigation funds
together areprioritized in accordance with the tiers outlined in(Figure): Owner-Occupied
Housing Program Applicant Prioritization. HCDwill prioritizeeligible LMI households (Tiers 1-2)
ahead ofnon-LMI households(Tiers 3-4).This is in recognition of theunique recovery
challenges LMI households faceafterdisaster as well as requirement for 70 percent of
the total CDBG-DR funding to benefit LMI populations. Within the LMI population,HCDis
prioritizing the rehabilitation or reconstruction of houses with major or severe damageover
those with lesser damage. HCD equates Major or Severe Damage in this context with theFEMA
Substantial Damage definition of a structure that has sustained damage greater than 50 percent
of its pre-disaster value.Higher damage levels typically correlatewith higher levels of unmet
need.
Should funding allow,afterserving eligibleLMI households (Tiers 1-2), HCD will serve non-LMI
households in the same order, (Tier3),followed by those with non-major/severely damaged
homes (Tier 4).
Within each tier, owner occupied households with a household member that is disabled or has
access or functional needs are given priority. HCDalsotook into consideration the SoVI
analysis, which identified several of the counties with high ratings primarily for increased elderly
and disabled populations.
Applicants who apply for mitigation funding are not subject to prioritization. Only LMI households
located in the MID counties are allowed to apply for mitigation funds only.
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F IGURE 154:CBDG-DRO WNER-O CCUPIED H OUSING P ROGRAM A PPLICANT P RIORITIZATION T IERS
Low-to
moderate-Major or
Non-LMI Minor
income Severe
householdsDamage
(LMI)Damage
households
XX
Tier 1
XX
Tier2
XX
Tier3
XX
Tier4
g.Eligible and Ineligible Costs
Eligible Costsinclude:
Permitting, design, and planning
Replacement of damaged or destroyed necessary equipment, such as HVAC units
Repairs to or replacement of damaged on-site utilities such as water, sewer, electric,
and gas
Repairs to disaster damaged primary structures with standard grade materials
Reconstruction of the disaster damaged primary structure with standard grade materials
Upgrades required to meet current building code
Site work to meet WUI standards
Handicap accessibilityfeatures(if applicable)
Lead-based paint and asbestos abatement (if applicable)
Housing Counseling
Tenant Relocation under the URA
Eligible costs utilizing CDBG-DR funds must be expended for activities that document tie-back
to the disaster event, with the exception of activities utilizing the mitigation set-aside.
Eligible costs for OOR Mitigation only projects will include costs associated with bringing the
home up to the WUI code standardsas defined in the policies and procedures.
IneligibleCostsinclude:
Repair orreplacement ofauxiliary structures, such as detached garages or carports,
storage units, outhouses, orsheds
Materials greater thanstandard grade unless required by the localjurisdiction or by
State law, such as certaingreen buildingrequirements
Partial orincomplete repairs orreconstructions ofproperties
Multifamily, condominiums, duplexes, triplexes, fourplexes orother rentalproperty
Repair orreplacement ofluxury ornon-critical items, such as swimming pools and
securitysystems
Repair orreplacement ofpersonal property orbuildingcontents
New homepurchase
New construction off-site of the damaged structure (except in the case of a mobile home
unit in a mobile home park where the park is permanently closed due to the disaster)
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Forced mortgage payoffs
Assistance for second homes
h.Uniform Relocation
Reimbursement is available for all reasonable out-of-pocket expenses incurred in connection
with the temporary relocation of eligible tenants,includingthe cost of moving to and from
temporarily occupied housing and anyincrease in monthly rent or utility costs at temporary
housing. These costs will be reviewed for cost reasonableness and initially be paid by the
Uniform Relocation vendor procured by HCD.
i.Housing Counseling
HCD understands the individualized nature of disaster recovery, and the complexities of the
recovery process, as well as the necessity to join in that process to provide support and
guidance through that process. As such, HCD offers a housing counseling program for disaster
impacted individuals to include up to two optional counseling opportunities and one required
counseling opportunity to support their housing recovery process.
HousingCounseling Program provides eligible residents guidance and counseling for
their housing needs related to impacts from the 2020 natural disasters, as well as housing
needs related to impacts from both the 2017 and 2018 natural disasters.
Current homeowners entering into the ReCoverCA housing programs receive counseling
services on property maintenance, financial management, disaster recoveryfunding resources,
financial and credit literacy, and other areas as needed and appropriate to assist in helping
ReCoverCA program participants determine their housing recovery plan, improve their housing
conditions, and meet their financial goals.
Traditionally underserved populations, state and federally protected classes, including racial and
ethnic minorities, the elderly, veterans, persons with disabilities, persons with limited English
proficiency, and residents of rural areas, face unique disaster recovery housing, and economic
65
challenges.
guidance, and information to help families and individuals, particularlythe most vulnerable, meet
their housing needs through an informed decision-making process.
j.Resilience Performance Metrics
HCD will establish resilience performance metrics before carrying out OOR program activities.
See description of resilience performance metricsunderIII.M.Preparedness, Mitigation, and
Resiliency.
65
to Fair Housing:https://www.hcd.ca.gov/policy-research/plans-reports/docs/final2020ai.pdf.
182
k.Timeline and Expenditure Projections
TheOOR
execution of the grant agreement between HCD and HUD and remain operational through the
end of the grant term or the exhaustion of funds.
2.Homebuyer Assistance Program
Given the significant cost to rebuild in high fire hazard zones,exacerbating impacts of the
pandemic, and disaster impacts that may have required homeowners to temporarily relocate to
other areas of the state for work or other needs, solutions based on equity that provide choices
and resources for impacted households to recover are even more critical. Furthermore, many
households may not be able to afford long term homeownership in their current location due to
high costs associated with rebuilding, maintenance, and insurance.
In partnership with the OOR program intake process, HCD will provide a Homebuyer Assistance
Program (HBA) as an additional programmatic option to its housing recovery portfolio to meet
the needs of those impacted by the 2020disasters. HBA will be a standalone program run by
HCD with the assistance of either a state agency partner or a procured contractorand will
provide down payment and other housing assistance to low-to moderate-income disaster
impacted disaster impacted survivors, enabling them to relocate outside of high-risk areas or the
disaster declared areas.
a.Unmet Need
The unmet need is affordable homeownership,for low to moderate income families,in areas
where housing stock already exists.
b. Allocation Amount
Homebuyer Assistance Program$9,167,698
c. Maximum Assistance
Applicants are eligible to receive up to a maximum award of$350,000.
d. Eligible Activity
105(a)(24) Homeownership Assistance
e. National Objective
In accordance with 24 CFR 570.208 and Section 104(b)(3) of the Housing and Community
Development Act (HCDA), all CDBG-DR funded activities must satisfy a national objective. All
HBA activities will meet the LMI housing national objective criteria related to disaster recovery.
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f. Eligible applicants
LMI households whose primary residence was in a HUD MIDand was impacted by the 2020
disasters.
g. Eligible Program Costs
Down payment assistance (up to 20% of the purchase price)
Housing adjustment incentive
Rate buydown to lowest possible rate
All reasonable closing costs (legal, closing fee, title search,
c
h.Ineligible Program Costs
Moving expenses including storage expenses
Temporary relocation housing
Costs associated with the sale of the disaster impacted property
i. Form of Assistance
Funding for HBA is provided in a forgivable loan. Term of forgivenessis a minimum of 2 years.
j. Housing Counseling
Housing counseling assistance will provide program applicants with wrap around housing and
financial educational services including financial literacy education, homebuyercounseling,
credit repair counseling, and counseling to mitigate default/foreclosure proceedings. HCD will
work with HUD-approved housing counseling agencies which are uniquely situated to assist
with the delivery of these services as part of the long-term recovery efforts provided through
CDBG-DR funding.
3.Multifamily HousingProgram (MHP)
The Multi-Family Housing Program (MHP)is designed tomeet the unmet rental housing need,
including the needs of individuals displaced from rental mobile homes,single-family and
multifamily rentalunits, as well asindividualsmade homeless as a result from the disaster.
Multifamilyprojectsinclude apartment complexes and mixed-use developments. These
developments are also intended to help replace rental housing units available to Housing
Choice Voucher holders that were lost. The objective of the CDBG-DR funds is to provide
necessary gap financing for the development of rental housing unitsin the HUD MID areas from
DR-4558 and DR-4569.Furthermore, the program will not only address disaster-related
damages but also will mitigate potential future damage.
The program will provide rehabilitationandreconstructionto eligible applicants based on the
extent of damage to theMultifamily propertywhile also providing hardeningto the property, to
include the creation of defensible space zones that reduce wildfire risk to the residence.MHP
funds are also available for new construction of Multifamily propertiesin theHUDMID areas
fromDR-4558 andDR-4569.Projects will include scope of work to harden the properties to
include creation of defensible space zones.
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Programpolicies and procedureswill be established that outline the requirements of the
program and rules for specific projects, including general eligibility, specific eligible and ineligible
costs, and the criteria for evaluating project proposals. In addition, the policies and procedures
outlinerequirements relative to a minimum percentage of affordable units, the percentage of
affordableversus market rate units, requirements for deep affordability, requirements for
permanent supportive housing units, as well as the per unit maximumfunding available.
Multifamily program
affirmative marketing procedures and requirements for all CDBG-assisted housing with five or
more units, including efforts to reach those least likely to apply, and persons with limited English
proficiency.
HCD has provided additional direction regarding how project applicants(developers), through
affirmative marketing plans, shallprioritize fire-impacted households for occupancy of units.
Applicants should also demonstrate thatproposed projects will affirmatively further fair housing,
and are likely to lessen area racial, ethnic, and low-income concentrations, and/or promote
affordable housing in low-poverty, nonminority areas in response to natural hazard related
impacts.
Projects should also be designed with the established community in mind tomitigatethe
displacement of families and must commit to anaffordability period of 55years.If other funds
requiring a longer affordability period are committed to the project, the longest affordability
period will prevail for the project. Applicants shall
displacement.
a.Allocation Amount
Multifamily Rehabilitation, Reconstruction, or
$128,347,766
New ConstructionCDBG-DR
Multifamily Property HardeningMitigation
$7,162,287
Set-Aside
b.Method of Distribution and Evaluation Criteria
Fundingwill be madeavailable to applicants byHCDthrough a NOFA processwhereby
applicantswill compete for funds in one of six regional set-asidesbased on the location of the
proposed project.Regional set-asides are comprised of the sumofallocations to geographically
proximate MID counties. The allocations arebased on a formula to determine a proportionate
share of the total program allocation based on impacts to theMIDcountiesin that region.
In response to the NOFA, applicants may apply for funds to carry out eligible activities
associated with property hardeningin addition to rehabilitation and reconstruction.Mitigation
set-aside funds are available to cover up to five percent of project costs for activities that meet
the mitigation definition.The Action Plan budgetincludesa set-asideformitigationforhardening
ofmultifamily propertiestoinclude the creation of defensible space zones to reduce wildfire risk.
A second option for existing multifamily propertiesto apply for mitigation funds to harden
properties against future wildfire events is described at the end of this section.
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The NOFAwillinclude scoring criteria and application forms, application due dates, and
submission instructions, andwill be published places
as determined by HCD.
The threshold eligibility review considerations will include, but not be limited to:
Theproposed total MHP investmentis 40 percent or less of total development costs
Theproject includes at least five units
Thefunding request is limited to the amount needed to fill a funding gap
Theproject will meet thelow-and moderate-income housingnational objective by
providing at least 51 percent of units to be occupied by households earning less than 80
percent of area median incomeorbased on a pro-rata share of the unitsas determined
by cost allocation performed using the MHP maximum per-unit subsidy
Projectcosts are reasonable
Project is incompliancewith all other federal requirements including but not limited to
applicable fair housing and equal opportunity laws, labor standards, and Section 3
The competitive scoring criteria in the NOFA will include, but maynot be limited to:
Projectreadiness based on status of local land entitlementsand permitting
Projectreadiness based onwhether the project can reasonably start construction within
180 days
Projectreadiness based on the status of the National Environmental Policy Act
environmental review
Applicationincludes local support in the form of a letter or resolution from the town, city,
or county that is responsible for entitlementsand the California Environmental Quality
Act environmental review
Project proximity to damaged areas fromDR-4558 or DR-4569
Leveragingratio
Deepaffordability targeting to households earning 30 percent or less of area median
income,
Demonstrationofdeveloper capacityto successfully implement the project within
program timeframes.
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F IGURE 155:M ULTIFAMILY H OUSING P ROGRAM NOFAR EGIONAL S ET-A SIDES
CountyAmountRegion Total
Santa Cruz
$43,479,657$43,479,657
(County)
$33,720,696$33,720,696
Butte (County)
$12,372,969$31,629,490
Napa (County)
$7,754,889-
Solano (County)
$11,501,633-
Sonoma (County)
Los Angeles
$10,368,896$14,115,640
(County)
$3,746,744-
Fresno (County)
$4,269,546$5,402,282
Siskiyou (County)
$1,132,737-
Shasta (County)
$128,347,766$128,347,766
Total
The regional set asides aboverepresent the total set aside for each region which includes ADC.
Subsequent toNOFA publication,threshold eligibility reviews, and competitive scoring,
allocations to projects will be made tothe highest scoring projectswithin each regional set-aside
based on their demonstratedfunding gaps, up to MHPfunding limits of 40 percent of total
development cost and cost allocationforMHP unitsbased on the MHP maximum per-unit
subsidy.Ifaregion is over-subscribed, the lowest-ranked project will receive a partial award.Ifa
region is under-subscribed, excess funds from that region will be allocated to the highest-rated
project(s)among all projects in other regionsthat would otherwise receive a partial award.If
funds remain after fully funding the remaining gap for the highest rated project(s) among all
projects in other regions that would have otherwise received a partial award, funds will be
allocated to the next highest rated project(s) among all projects in other regions, and such
award may partially or fully address a demonstrated funding gap.
c.Delivery Responsible Entity
TheMHPis administered and monitored by HCD. HCD will publish program policies and
procedures to govern the program and ensure compliance with the established program policies
and procedures, regulatory requirements, and broader recovery goals.HCDisresponsible for
overseeing the program, publishing a NOFA, and reviewingandunderwriting applicationsto
develop newconstructionmultifamily projectunitsor substantially rehabilitate multifamily project
units.As part of the NOFA process, HCDreviewsdeveloper experience to ensure that
developers have Multifamily housingdevelopment experience.
Qualified developers must have completed at least three multifamily developments, at least one
of which included affordable rental units. Multifamily developmentsfunded under this CDBG-DR
grant willadhere to standard requirements set by HCD to ensure compliance, as well as specific
requirements set by the governing federal income limits. All requirements of the MHPwill be
outlined in detail in the programpolicies and procedures. HCD will provide technical assistance
to developers to ensure compliance with CDBG-DR requirements and consistency with the
program policies and procedures. In addition, periodic risk-basedmonitoring of the project
construction will be conducted to test compliance and ensure timely project completion.
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HCDissolely responsible for makingawardsto successful applicants,facilitating executionof
appropriate agreements including regulatory agreements to restrict MHP units within a project
for a period of not less than 55 years,and compliance with all requirements of the NOFA and
the MHP policies and procedures.
Once HCD selectsprojects and announces awards,theformofagreement with successful
applicant developers will bea Standard Agreement which will define each
commit funding to the project, establish timelines and milestones, and reiteraterelevant
compliance requirements.At an appropriate time specified in the Standard Agreement, a
Regulatory Agreement shall be recorded infirst position above all other liens or encumbrances.
role includesdetermining thecapacity and experienceofproject developers and/or
construction contractors, completion of the NEPA environmental review, project oversight,and
ensuringcompliance with the accessibility requirements of both the Federal Fair Housing Act
and Section 504 of the Rehabilitation Act of 1973 during construction and atinitial occupancy.
HCD will be responsible for monitoring developer or contractor compliance with construction
advertisement and notification to minority and women-owned businesses of contacting
opportunities available for the federally assistedproject. HCD will monitor labor standards
compliance andSection 3 quantitative and qualitative benchmarks
during construction and will ensure long-term compliance with affordability requirements and fair
housing lawsthroughout the affordability period.
d.Form of Assistance
Selected proposals arefunded in the form of a below-market interest rate residual receipts loan
to be disbursedon a reimbursement basis via a Standard Agreement between HCD and the
developerto ensure that proper financial controls and safeguards are in place to protect CDBG-
DR funds. Specific payment terms and conditions areoutlined in the Standard Agreementand
associated loan documents.The Standard Agreement definesfinancialand property
management requirements as well as remedies to correct deficient or non-compliant projects.
Standard Agreements, Regulatory Agreements, and loan documentswill also contain CDBG-
DRrecapture provisions for non-performance orbreach ofdeveloperresponsibility.
e.MaximumAssistance
The MHP per-unit maximum assistance isconsistent with HOME limits established by HUD.
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The methodology for calculating thoselimits isfound in 83 CFR 25693with state-wide limits
published annually by HCD. As a state-wide program with a varietyof housing markets and
corresponding costs, HCD usesthe HOME limit as a federallyestablished industry standard and
safe harbor for cost reasonableness on a per-unit basis for housing serving low-income
households. Consistent with other HUD affordable housing funding sources, the HOME
maximum per-unit subsidy limits ensure an appropriate level of investment in Multifamily
66
-Unit Subsidy
https://www.hudexchange.info/resource/2315/home-per-unit-subsidy/.
188
projectson a per-unit basis. This policy direction encourages leveraging with HOME, Tax
Credits, State MHP, and other available affordable housing resources.
F IGURE 156:M ULTIFAMILY H OUSING P ROGRAM M AXIMUM P ER-U NIT S UBSIDY L IMITS (A S OF A PRIL
2022)
BedroomsMaximum Subsidy
0$159,754
1$183,132
2$222,694
3$288,094
4316,236
If HUD has issued a regional per unit subsidy increase coveringthejurisdiction of a project, the
alternative subsidy amount may be used, up to 240 percent of the base subsidy limit. The
minimum threshold for Multifamily housingproject participation is a total project cost of
$250,000 per project.
Using the maximum per-unit subsidy limits, a cost allocation will be performedoneach project
to ensure that CDBG-DR funds are applied to a proportionate share of total development cost.
Awards ofCDBG-DR funds will not exceeddemonstrated need, 40 percent of total development
cost, or the maximum subsidy as determined through cost allocation.
f.Eligible Activity
42 USC 5305(a)(4) authorizesthe clearance, demolition, removal, reconstruction, and
rehabilitation (including rehabilitation which promotes energy efficiency) of buildings and
improvements(including interim assistance, and financing public or private acquisition for
reconstruction or rehabilitation, and reconstruction or rehabilitation, of privately owned
properties, and including the renovation of closed school buildings).
The eligibility of housing projects is further established in the Consolidated Notice, 87 FR 6370,
which requires HCD to address unmet housing recovery needs with CDBG-DR funds. New
housing construction is also eligible as established in the Consolidated Notice, 87 FR 6371,
paragraph B.1 of Section II.
Through the FRN, 87 FR 6370, HUD adopts alternative requirements to activities eligible under
HCDA Section 105(a) which allows California to carry out modified activities to comply with the
requirements in the FRN to incorporate mitigation measures as a construction standard.
g.National Objective
In accordance with 24 CFR 570.208, all CDBG-DR funded activities must satisfy a national
objective. For the Multifamily program, all projects will meet the low to moderate income housing
national objective. While proposed projects may be mixed-income, CDBG-DRfunds will only be
applied to the affordable units restricted foroccupancyby low-to-moderate-income households.
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h.Incorporation of Mitigation Measures
In response to the FRN, applications must describe how hazard mitigation measures willbe
incorporated into the project to reduce the impacts of recurring natural disasters andthe long-
term impacts of climate change.The State of California building code, which incorporates
mitigation measures, is applicable to CDBG-DR projects. All residential construction
projects must comply with the current published housing construction codes for the State of
California. Housing construction codes for building in California follow federal and state laws,
regulations, and adaptions for construction of single family and Multifamily units.
Building standards are published as the California Buildings Standards Code under the
California Code of Regulations, Title 24, and construction standards must meet or exceed all
applicable requirements for housing or building construction.
Const
https://www.hcd.ca.gov/building-standards/index.shtml.
Specific code compliance to achieve hazard mitigation, such as Wildland-Urban Interface (WUI
Area Building Codes, are implemented where applicable according to local code and the unique
needs of impacted communities.
WUI area building codes are designed to mitigate the risksfrom wildfire to life and property. The
standards are within a WUI area code vary according to the scope that a community is willing to
adopt and enforce. WUI area codes may include the following topics:
Structure density and location: number of structures allowed in areas at risk from
wildfire, plus setbacks (distance between structures and distance between other features
such as slopes).
Building materials and construction: roof assembly and covering, eaves, vents,
gutters, exterior walls, windows, non-combustible building materials, and non-
combustible surface.
Vegetation management: tree thinning, spacing, limbing, and trimming; removal of any
vegetation removal, and brush clearance; vegetation conversion, fuel modifications, and
landscaping.
Emergency vehicle access: driveways, turnarounds, emergency access roads,
marking of roads, and property address markers.
Water supply: approved water sources and adequate watersupply.
Fire protection: automatic sprinkler system, spark arresters, and propanetank storage.
Applicationsmust take into account the costs and benefits of incorporating hazard mitigation
measures to protect against the specific identified impacts of future extreme weather events and
other natural hazards.As noted, applicants may include up 5% of their budget solely for
mitigation costs.
i.Eligible Projects
Eligibilityofmultifamily housing project proposals will be assessed by HCD. Specific eligibility
criteria include:
190
The proposed project must be located in a Most Impacted and Distressed area, DR-
4558or DR-4569.
The proposed project must have a minimum of five total units.
The proposed project must have a minimum of51percent of unitsmust be affordable
units.
Maximum Rents: HCD is proposingto establish program affordable rents at the annual
highHOME rents for each applicable area. For those unitsthat are for extremely low-
income households, HCD is proposing to establish program affordable rents at the
CTCAC rents for 30% area median income (AMI) for each applicable area.
The proposed project must meet one of the HCD project types defined in the2019
Multifamily-5).
The proposed project must meet one of the following four prioritization criteria:
o Projects providing housing for Extremely Low-Income (ELI) individuals or
families.ELI isdefinedas income less than 30 percent ofthearea median
income (AMI) or the federal poverty level, whichever is higher for the area ofthe
proposed project. Approximately 1/3 of renter households impacted by the
wildfires were at30% AMI orbelow. This will bethe toppriority.
o Projectsproviding permanent supportive housing (PSH) units. The HCD
Supportive Housing MultifamilyHousingProgram (SHMHP) defines a PSH
MultifamilyHousingproject as a project with a minimum of five supportive
housingunits, or a minimum of 40 percent of total units, whichever is greater,
and must have associated supportive services for theintended target
population living inthe restricted units, pursuant toCalifornia Health andSafety
Code Section 50675.14. If proposed projects have fewer than five supportive
housing units or 40 percent of total units available as supportive housing, these
projects will remain higherprioritythanaprojectwithacomparablenumber
ofaffordablerentunits.
o Projects which are providing residential units for low-income Elderly Persons,
o Projects providing 15% of residential units for people with at least one Disability
30%
AMI.
All sources of funding required to complete the project must be identified and secured or
readily accessible.
The proposed project must be cost reasonable, which is what a reasonable person
would pay in the same or similar circumstances for the same or similar itemor service.
Cost reasonableness may be documented by comparing costs between vendors or by
comparing submitted costs to an independent cost estimate.
The proposedproject must not exceed the maximumper-unit subsidy limit.
The proposed project must meet the following affordable rent requirements and tenant
income limits over the duration of the minimum affordability period. At a minimum, the
following thresholds must be adhered to in all projects:
o HCD will determine the numberof units in an approved multifamilydevelopment
that will be leased to tenants with an income of up to 80 percent of the AMI
based on regulatory and program requirements.
o Affordable rents will be the high HOME rentspublished annually by HUD for the
jurisdiction where the project is located, except that for units targeted to
191
extremely low-income households, affordable rents shall be the CTCAC rents for
30% area median income (AMI) for each applicable area.
o New construction,rehabilitation,or reconstruction of rental projects shall be
deed restricted by a Regulatory Agreement for aminimum affordability period of
55years.
j.Affirmative Marketing and Fair Housing
MHPapplications shallinclude affirmative marketing plans accordingto
marketing proceduresandrequirements as requiredforallCDBGassisted housing with five or
moreunits.The affirmative marketing plans shall evaluate the most recent available American
Community Survey data and determine those populations who are least likely to apply for the
housing opportunityand to persons with Limited English Proficiency. Affirmative marketing plans
shall includespecific and meaningful targeted outreach efforts to reach those populations
identified as least likely to apply for the housing opportunity. Additionally,marketingof
available Multifamily units developed or otherwise made available with MHP fundsshall
include outreach toindividualsand families that wereimpacted by the disasters andSection 8
Housing Choice Voucher Programtenants tothe greatest extent possible through similar
affirmative marketing effortsthataim toreach fire impacted residents.Examples ofrenters
impacted by the disasters includerenters that have lost rental units orhave been displaced
due tothe impacts of DR-4558andDR-4569.
Applications should also demonstrate that the proposed projects will affirmatively further
fair housing, and are likely to lessen area racial, ethnic, and low-income concentrations,
and/or promote affordable housing in low-poverty, nonminority areas in response to
natural hazard related impacts.
k.Eligible and Ineligible Costs
HCD commits to funding activities eligible under Title I of the Housing and Community
Development Act of 1974 or those activities specified by waivers in 86 FR 6364.Selected
projects will be funded through completion in accordance with their financing needs. HCD, in
coordination with the subgrantee, will perform a check for duplication of benefit and federal
funding supplantation prior to issuing an award to ensure that duplicative assistance is not
provided for Multifamily housing. DOB and supplantation checks will be maintained in the
project file. Complete lists of eligible and ineligible project and subrecipient activity delivery
costs will be provided in the program policies and procedures.
Eligible costs include:
Activity delivery costs for HCDtoadminister and monitor the MHPprogram, including
allocable direct and indirect staff costs and consultant costs
Architectural andengineeringdesign
Permitting fees
Developer fees
Mobilization, site prep, and clean up
Construction costs
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Land and building acquisition costs (on a case-by-case basis)
Hazard mitigation costs
Ineligible costs include:
Pre-application costs and application developmentcosts
Advances of any type, includingconstruction
Facility operating or maintenanceexpenses
Offsite improvements
HCDreserves the right toquestion the applicability and eligibility ofcosts on a per-application
basis. HCD will also ensure that construction costs are reasonable and consistent with current
market costs for the area where theMultifamilyconstruction will take place.
l.Broadband Infrastructure
Projectsinvolving reconstruction, or new construction of a building with more than four rental
units must include installation of broadband infrastructure. More specific information for this
requirement will be included in program policy and procedures.
m.Mitigation set-aside for existing Multifamilyproperties
Given the number of multifamily units in the MID, and the increased need for multifamily
housing, HCD recognizes the importance of mitigating existing buildings to ensures residents
arein fire-protected buildings. Therefore, inaddition to funding mitigation measures withinthe
MHP, HCD may provide a set aside for existing multifamily properties to incorporate mitigation
rehabilitation to the properties.HCD would make available mitigation funds in a NOFA for
existing multifamily property owners to apply for grants for up to $50,000 to bring properties up
to WUI standards. Further details including funding, eligibility requirements, and scoring criteria
will be submitted in a future substantial Action Plan Amendment.
n.Resilience Performance Metrics
HCD will establish resilience performance metrics before carrying out MHPprogram activities.
See description of resilience performance metrics under the General Requirements section,
Section III. M.
o.Timeline and Expenditure Projections
TheMHPwill begin following HUD
agreement HUD and HCD. Project awards byHCD are expectedinthefall of2023and
construction will continue through the end of the grant term, or until all projects are complete
and funds are expended. Individual construction timeframes will be specific to each selected
application.
G.Infrastructure Recovery Program
The Infrastructure Program alignsinfrastructure investments with other planned federal funds in
that theCDBG-DR funds will be used to fund the non-federal share match on approved FEMA
Public Assistance (PA) projects. The non-federal share match on approved FEMA PA projects
193
is an eligible use ofCDBG-DR funds.HCD mayuse grant funds to satisfy the FEMA PA
Prlocal match if the use otherwise meets all CDBG-DR requirements. The CDBG-DR
allocation for Infrastructure Program providesthe non-federal share match on approved FEMA
PA projects.
HCD will coordinate with Cal OES and the local jurisdictions to ensure that the FEMAPA
projects meetthefollowing FRN requirements for infrastructureprojects:
1.How mitigation measures and strategies to reduce natural hazard risks, including
climate-related risks, will be integrated into rebuilding activities;
2.Theextent to which CDBG-DR funded infrastructure activities will achieve objectives
outlined in regionally or locally established plans and policies that are designed to
reduce future risk to the jurisdiction;
3.How thelocal jurisdiction will employ adaptableand reliable technologies to prevent
prematureobsolescence for the project-related infrastructureconstruction.
1.FEMA Public Assistance Program (PA)Match
HCDwill fund the local portion of the non-federal share match for FEMA Category C (roads and
bridges), Category D (water control facilities), Category E (public buildings and contents), and
Category F (utilities), and Category G (parks, recreational, and other activities).Utilization of
CDBG-DR funds as matching funds for a FEMA PA project requires for the CDBG-DR funds to
be expended on an eligible CDBG activity.Program policies and procedureswill be established
that outline the requirements of the program and rules for specific projects, including general
eligibility, specific eligible and ineligible costs, and the criteria for evaluating project proposals.
a.Allocation Amountand Allocation Methodology
HCD will make funding available to impacted jurisdictions based on eligible jurisdictions having
an opportunity to submit foreligiblenon-federal share match on approved FEMA PA projects
throughanapplication process. Additional details will beprovided in the program policies and
procedures.
FEMA PA Match Program$7,639,748
b.Disaster Related Impact and Unmet Needs
Applications from eligible jurisdictionsmust identify unmet need resulting from the local match
requirement from the PA project resulting from the DR-4558 or DR-4569disasters.
c.Delivery Responsible Entity
HCD will provide technical assistance and coordinate closely with local governments during the
application phase. Once proposals arereviewed, HCD will provide funds to subrecipients for the
local match for their FEMA PA projects in accordance with a Standard Agreement with the local
government. Monthly progress reports will be required from the subrecipient, and
reimbursement will be provided to the subrecipient based on the documented completion of
agreed upon project milestones.As projects are selected, HCD will continue to provide technical
assistance and complete regular monitoring throughout the project lifecycle.
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d.MaximumGrant Award
The maximum assistance allowable per project is the amount necessary to meet the localmatch
requirement on a project-by-project basis based on the funding cap for each county.
e.Eligible Activities
Infrastructure repair is an eligible activity according to HCDA Section 105(a)(2) (2) which
authorizes the acquisition, construction, reconstruction, or installation (including design features
and improvements with respect to such construction, reconstruction,or installation that promote
energy efficiency) of public works, facilities (except for buildings for the general conduct of
government), and site or other improvements. In addition, CDBG-DR funds may also be used as
the non-federal share match to carry outthe eligible infrastructure activity.
f.National Objective
In accordance with 24 CFR 570.208, all CDBG-DR funded activities must satisfy a national
objective. For the infrastructure program, all projectswill meet the low-andmoderate income
(LMI) or urgent need national objective. Infrastructure funding requires a case-by-case analysis
of each project for meeting these requirements It is the responsibility of the local government to
substantiate the national objective as part of its proposal to HCD.
g.Eligible Applicants and Projects
The eligible applicants for Infrastructure Recovery Program funds are municipal and county
governments in the MID that received FEMA Public Assistance funds for permanent
infrastructure projects (Categories C through G) related to the DR-4558 and DR-4569 disaster
events.
h.Evaluation and Prioritization Criteria
HCD will make Infrastructure Program funding available to impacted jurisdictions in the MID
based on the application process for impacted counties and municipalities to request funding for
unmet non-federal share local match needs.
Eligible jurisdictions may submit applications with multiple proposed projects that meet
categories D and F requirements and support housing recovery. The application will require the
jurisdictions to prioritize the requests in the event that not all projects are eligible or can be
funded.
HCD will ensure that construction costs are reasonable and consistent with market costs for the
location of the FEMA PA project. HCD will require that the construction contractor implement
cost control measures or verify that reimbursable costs were correctly controlled during the
project. Standard Agreements with jurisdictions will include subrogation clauses in case of the
event of non-compliance with the applicable requirements and regulations.
Furthermore, HCD will adopt the benefit-cost analysis conducted by local jurisdictions to comply
with the requirements of FEMA PA projects.The completed BCA will be required as part of the
application package submitted to HCD.
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i.Eligibleand Ineligible Costs
HCD commits to funding activities eligible under Title I of the Housing and Community
Development Act of 1974 or those activities specified by waiver in 83 FR 5851. CDBG-DR funds
may fund the following activities:
Required FEMA PA local portion of the non-federal share match funding for approved projects
under the following FEMA PA permanent work categories:
Category C (Road andbridges);
Category D (Water controlfacilities);
Category E (Public buildings andcontents);
Category F (Public utilities);and
Category G (Parks, recreational, and otherfacilities).
Required non-federal share match for approved projects that meet the CDBG-DRrequirements,
including a tie-back to the DR-4558and DR-4569 disaster events. Eligible projects will be located
in the HUD MID areas as explained in Section II. C.1. In addition, HCD may fund ADCs related to
the implementation of these projects.
Ineligible costs include:
Required FEMA PA Match funding for approved projects under Categories A (Debris
Removal) and Category B (Emergency Protective Measures).
FEMA HMGP projects not related to infrastructure and/or without a tieback to the
2020 disaster events.
Projects not related to infrastructure, increased code compliance, or DR-4558 and DR-
4569 disaster events.
j.ResiliencePerformance Metrics
HCD will establish resilience performance metrics before carrying out Infrastructureprogram
activities. Seedescription of resilience performance metrics under the General Requirements
section, Section III. M.
k.Timeline and Expenditure Projections
Applications will be released in the quarter following HUD approval of this Action Plan and the
Implementation and Capacity document. Technical assistance will be provided until sufficient
applications are received and approved to expend the entire allocation of Infrastructure
Recovery Program funds. Individual project completion timeframes will be determined on a
case-by-case basis with the subrecipients, in accordance with their agreement.
H.Mitigation Program
The Federal Register Noticerequires that 15 percent, $30,157,000,of the total CDBG-DR
unmet needs allocation,$201,046,000, isset-aside for the state to carry out mitigation activities.
HCD may meet the requirements of the CDBG-DR mitigation set-aside:
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By incorporating mitigation measures into the recovery activities included in this Action
Plan and documenting how those activities and the incorporated mitigation measures will
meet the definition of mitigation, or
By including eligible activities that do not have a tie-back to DR-4558 or DR-4569 but still
incorporate mitigation measures, meetingthemitigation definition, into the recovery
activities.
HCD is allocating100 percent of the mitigation set-asideprogram fundingto incorporate
property hardening activities within the OORandMHP.
OOR Mitigation$21,486,863
MHP Mitigation$7,162,287
Total Mitigation Set-Aside$28,649,150
Program Funding
Thecriteria to meet the FRN requirements for HCD to utilize the mitigation set-aside are
described in this section while allprogram and eligibility requirements forOOR and MHP
Mitigation Program are explained in the respective OOR and MHP program sections above in
IV.G. Housing Recovery Programs.
Mitigation activities are those that increase resilience to future disasters and reduce or eliminate
the long-term risk of loss of life, injury, damage to and loss of property, and suffering and
hardship. Proactively addressing the impacts of climate change and natural disasters is critical
to building long-term community resilience.TheMitigation set-aside enablessingle family and
multifamily,providing affordable rental units, inmost impacted communitiesfor DR-4558 and
DR-4569to be more resilientto future disasters.
In response to FRN requirements, proposed mitigation activities utilizing the set-aside must:
Identify how the proposed use meets the definition of mitigation activities:
Hardening, wildfire retrofitting, of single-family and multifamilyunits to withstand future disasters
meets the definition of mitigation by increasing resilience to future wildfires and reducing or
eliminating the long-term risk of loss of life, injury, damage to and loss of property, and suffering
and hardship, by lessening the impact of future wildfire events.
In response to the FRN requirements for all construction related activities to incorporate
mitigation measures, the OOR Program incorporates mitigation measures that meet the
definition of mitigation, therefore satisfying the requirement to track these mitigation activities
through the MIT activity type in the Disaster Recovery and Grant Reporting (DRGR) system and
the eligible use of the CDBG-DR Mitigation set-aside.
The mitigation measures, aligned with the scope of work for rehabilitation or reconstruction, and
new construction in the case of MHP, involve initial retrofit or bringing the property up to code
with Wildland Urban Interface code standards. The WUI codes identify better construction
methods and materials to make buildings more ignition-resistant to wildfire. These standards are
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based on lab-tested and verifiable performance standards that describe the type a wildfire
exposure a building must be able to withstand.
Address:
As required by the FRN,this Action Plan includesa risk-based Mitigation Needs Assessment to
inform proposedusesof the CDBG-DR mitigation set-aside.The programs proposed in this
action plan as eligible for the mitigation set-aside were designed to respond directly to the
current hazards,future hazards,risks, and needsdescribed in the Mitigation Needs
Assessment.
A review of hazards indexed by the 2018California State Hazard Mitigation Plan found that
earthquakes, flood, and fire rank as the , having caused the greatest
loss of lifeandpropertyand disruption to economic, social, and environmental systems.
On the county level, 15 of the 21jurisdictions impacted by DR-4558and/or DR-4569ranked
and three
could not provide hazard ranking data. Given the catastrophic impact of the 2020 wildfire
season and the series of destructive seasons and incidents preceding 2020,
and projections of severe fire incidents highlightparcel-level and community-scale wildfire
mitigation asa top priority. The Mitigation Needs assessment also illustrated that a combination
of economic supportforhazard interventionsandmitigation-focused policyis the most effective
approachto preparing communities for future threats.
The OOR Mitigation Program addresses the ubiquitous fire hazard reported across impacted
counties in two significant ways:
On the individual property level, the programhelps homeowners mitigate risk on their
parcels by covering home hardening costs for eligible owner-occupied structures
On the local jurisdiction level, the programsupports community-wide hazard mitigation
by funding the development of local WUI construction codes that allow counties to
regulate and mitigate high-risk conditions in fire-prone areasincluding the costof WUI
construction codes, for eligible structures.
For single-family units that did not suffer damage during the 2020 wildfires, eligible
applicants can utilize the rehabilitationDRactivity to owners of single-family unitsmeet
WUI code standards to make their homes more resistant to wildfire.
TheMHP Mitigation Programaddresses local fire hazards in a similar fashion:
Any rehabilitation or reconstruction of properties under the MHParerequired to
incorporate mitigation measures,and the program will fundan amount up to 5 percent of
an award to developers to cover the cost of those mitigation measures.
Current multifamily property owners will be able to apply (via separate NOFA) for up to
$50,000from the set-aside for hardening multi-family units to WUI code standards.
These program features speak directly to the most pressing hazard in communities impacted by
DR-4558 and DR-4569by supporting the physical construction of mitigation measures,as well
as codifying mitigation measures into local land use policy.
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Ensure that proposed activities are CDBG eligible under title I of the Housing and
Community Development Act, or otherwise eligible pursuant to a waiver of alternative
requirement in the FRN:
HCDASection 105(a)(4)authorizes the clearance, demolition, removal, reconstruction, and
rehabilitation (including rehabilitation which promotes energy efficiency) of buildings and
improvement (including interim assistance, and financing public or private acquisition for
reconstruction or rehabilitation, and reconstruction or rehabilitation, of privately owned
properties, and including the renovation of closed school buildings).
The eligibility of housing projects is further established in the Consolidated Notice (FRN), 87 FR
6370, which requires HCD to address unmet housing needs with CDBG-DR funds. New housing
construction is also eligible as established in the FRN, 87, FR 6371, paragraph B.1 of Section II.
Through the FRN, 87 FR 6370, HUD adopts alternative requirements to activities eligible under
the Housing and Community Development Act (HCDA) Section 105(a) which allows California
to carry out modified activities to comply with the requirements in the FRN to incorporate
mitigation measures as a construction standard.
1.OOR Mitigation
The OOR program is eligible to applicants awarded funds to rehabilitate or reconstruct their
home that suffered damage from the DR-4558 or DR-4569 disaster events occurring in the fall
of 2020. The OOR program incorporates mitigation measures into the rehabilitation or
reconstruction in a manner that satisfies the use of the Mitigation set-aside.
The maximum assistance available for rehabilitation or reconstruction is $500,000 per damaged
structure after applying any duplication of benefits reductions. In addition, the OOR mitigation
set-aside will assist in covering home hardening costs to include the cost of WUI construction
codes, the set-
rehabilitation or reconstruction CDBG-DR award.
Additionally, the OOR Program is eligible to owner-occupied properties that did not suffer
damage in the DR-4558 or DR-4569 events but are in the MID and are low to moderate income.
These households can utilize the rehabilitation activity to enable the single-familyunit to meet
the WUI code standards to make their homes more resistant to wildfire. OOR applicants
applying for rehabilitation to bring their homes up to WUI code standards may receive up to
$50,000 in grant assistance.
2.MHP Mitigation
The MHP mitigation set-aside includes two types of applications, similar to OOR.
MHP projects to rehabilitate or reconstruct multifamilyproperties, as well as those proposing to
newly construct multifamilyhousing units are required to incorporate mitigation measures. The
use of the MHP mitigation set-aside allows developers to apply for up to 5 percent of their
CDBG-DR grant for mitigation measures.
Engaging a second option, existing multifamilyproperty owners may apply to a separate NOFA
to receive up to $50,000 in grant assistance from the MHP mitigation set-aside for hardening
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multi-family units to the WUI code standards.Further details of this program will be forthcoming
in a separate actionplan amendment.
Meet a national objective of the program:
In accordance with 24 CFR 570.208 and Section 104(b)(3) of the Housing and Community
Development Act (HCDA), all CDBG-DRmitigation set aside funded activities must satisfy a
national objective. All OOR activities will meet either the urgent need or LMI housing national
objective criteria related to disaster recovery.For the multifamilyprogram, all projects will meet
the low to moderate income housing national objective.
V.Administration and Planning
Per the Federal Register, HCD is allowed to retain up to 5 percent of the total grant allocation to
support grant administration. HCD will use the five percent for state administrative costs. This
allocation is for the purposes of oversight, management, and reporting.
This allocation enables HCD to provide the administrative and support services for the
management and citizen participation necessary to formulate, oversee, evaluate, and report on
-DR program. These activities include:
Ensuringcitizen participation (including outreach and publication ofpublic notices).
Preparation ofthe required CDBG-DRquarterlyreports.
Preparation of Action Plan Amendments.
Maintenance ofthe CDBG-DRwebsite.
Monitoring ofthe expenditures for CDBG-DRprograms.
Monitoring ofsubrecipients andcontractors.
Coordination with HUD, FEMA, and other Federaldepartments.
Certification and maintenance ofthe necessary records thatdemonstrate that
Federal requirements for environmental review, fair housing, relocation, labor
standards, equal opportunity, and citizen participation aremet.
Coordination and administrativesupport to local governments and tribal entity for
access and coordination to comprehensive disaster recovery resources.
Furthermore, Administration funds may be used to cover eligible costs associated with the
administration of particular program activities.
A.Application Status
HCD is responsible for the implementation of the CDBG-DRprograms and projects, including
the means of communicating with program applicants. HCD is proposing todirectlyimplement
an Owner-Occupied Rehabilitation and Reconstruction Program that will provide assistance to
eligible applicants. Oversight of the application process will be managed by HCD and its
contractors. For applicant communication in that program, HCD and its contractors commit to
sharing timely and accurate information throughout the lifecycle of the program. HCD will
procure a program implementation contractor that will be responsible for providing necessary
information to each applicant and support the applicant through the lifecycle of the program.
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HCD will include standard communication requirements in the solicitation for program
implementation services.
To ensure effective communication, HCD or its procured contractor will host and maintain a
website with a web-based portal at www.ReCoverCa.orgfor applicants to access their
application status at any time in the process. Additionally, HCD will gather information from each
applicant during the intake process that will be used for communication purposes. These
communication methods include:
Mailings to the damaged and current mailing addresses;
Emails to primary and secondary email addresses; and
Phone calls to primary and secondary phone numbers.
information updated. This system will also keep applicants apprised of key changes to their
application status.
Additionally, HCD utilizes the disaster recovery page on its website to share overall grant
updates, publication of action plan amendment, and critical grant communication. HCD will
provide hyperlinks to www.ReCoverCA.org, which will be specific to the Owner-Occupied
Rehabilitation and Reconstruction Program, so that potential applicants can learn more about
these programs.The HCD website, as well as www.ReCoverCa.org, will include a link to submit
contact information so that potential applicants can receive more information about programs for
which they may qualify.
Once an applicant submits an application to a program, the file is assigned to a case manager.
responsible for managing communications with the applicant during the lifecycle of the program.
An applicant can communicate with the case manager via email, phone or through the web-
based applicant portal to request an application status update. Notwithstanding the ability to
communicate directly with a case manager, the web-based applicant portal will provide real-time
updates on application status. The web-based applicant portal will be designed with Personally
Identifiable Information (PII) requirements in mind to keep applicant information secure.
Applicants with Limited English Proficiency (LEP) who require translation or interpretation
(LAP). Furthermore, HCD provides status updates and program materials in a format that is in
accordancewith the Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA).
For the Multifamily andInfrastructure Recovery Programs, HCD will provide awards to
subrecipients for them to directly manage and operate project funding. HCD will require
commitments from its subrecipientsunder the Resilience Planning and Public Services
programs to maintain regular applicant communication (where applicable) and to share timely
and accurate information throughout the lifecycle of the program. HCD will include standard
communication requirements in the notices of funding availability and within the Standard
administration, Grants Network, also has built in messaging and communication functions that
HCD and subrecipients can use to track applicant status and information.
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B.Program Budget
This grant has been allocated as shown in the table below. In determining the allocation across
programs and unmet needs, no less than 70 percent of the funding,$161,842,100,will serve
LMI household and individuals, and overall 100percent will be directed to the Most Impacted
and Distressed(MID)areas. The program allocations to housing and infrastructure are designed
to alleviate needs in the MIDareas and address the unmet need for many LMI households.
F IGURE 157:2020CDBG-DRA CTION P LAN B UDGET BY T OTAL AND P ROGRAMS
Program
2020 CDBG-DR Action Plan Total Budget$231,203,000
Percentage
Administration$11,560,1505%
2020 Total Funding CDBG-DR (with administration)$201,046,00087%
2020 Total Funding Mitigation Set-Aside (with
administration)
$30,157,00013%
CDBG-DR Program Funding$190,993,700
Housing Programs$183,353,95296%
Multifamily Housing Program$128,347,76670%
Owner Occupied Housing Program$45,838,48825%
Homebuyer Assistance Program$9,167,6985%
Infrastructure Programs$7,639,7484%
FEMA PA Match$7,639,748100%
Mitigation Set-Aside Program Funding$28,649,15015%
OwnerOccupied Housing Mitigation Program$21,486,86375%
Multifamily Housing Mitigation$7,162,28725%
C.Program Income
HCD managesprogram income through the provisions in the Standard Agreement, which all
subrecipients must sign to receive funding from HCD. Subrecipients report program income to
HCD through a request for payment and must be expended by the subrecipient prior to
additional grant funds being drawn. Program income may only be used for eligible project or
administration costs related to the awarded project before additional grant dollars are expended.
Subrecipients provide monthly reports to HCD on program income generated and retained.
Program income remaining at the endof each quarter is remitted to the state. HCD reports,
quarterly,all program income to HUD throughthe HUD Disaster Recovery Grant Reporting
system (DRGR). If at the end of a Standard Agreement there is remaining program income, it is
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returned to HCD during closeout where the Division of Administration and Management
Accounting office tracks the program income until it is obligated in a new Standard Agreement
and track through the Standard Agreement system of record.
D.Projection of Expenditures and Outcomes
Tables presenting quarterly expenditure projections for the uses of the grant proposed in the
Action Plan will accompany the Action Plan submission to HUD. These tables are available to
the public and are posted separately from the Action Plan on the HCDwebsite. HCD submits
the quarterly expenditure projections to HUD through the HUD DRGR system.
The projected expenditures were determined based on anticipated staffing needs,
project or program scale, project complexity, presumed level of effort, and the methods
of delivery outlined in this Action Plan.
E.Certificationand Risk Analysis
All CDBG-DR grantees must complete the Financial Management and Grant Compliance
requirements for proficient financial controls and procurement processes, and adequate
procedures for proper grant management. The Department of Housing and Community
Development submitted the Certification Checklist to HUD on April 6, 2022.
Each grantee receiving a direct allocation under Public Law 117-43 must submit an
Implementation Plan that demonstrates that it has sufficient capacity to manage the CDBG-DR
tocarry out the recovery and how it will address any capacity gaps. The Department submitted
the Implementation Plan for the 2020 CDBG-DR Action Plan to HUD on June 8, 2022.
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VI.Appendices
A.CDBG-DR Certifications
Each grantee receiving an allocation under this Federal Register notice (87 FR 6364) must
make the following certifications and submit those certifications with the Action Plan:
The grantee certifies that it has in effect and is following a residential anti-displacement and
relocation assistance plan (RARAP) in connection with any activity assisted with CDBG-DR
grant funds that fulfills the requirements of Section 104(d), 24 CFR part 42, and 24 CFR part
570, as amended by waivers and alternative requirements.
The grantee certifies its compliance with restrictions on lobbying required by 24 CFR part 87,
together with disclosure forms, if required by part 87.
The grantee certifies that the action plan for disaster recovery is authorized under state and
local law (as applicable) and that the grantee, and any entity or entities designated by the
grantee, and anycontractor, subrecipient, or designated public agency carrying out an activity
with CDBG-DR funds, possess(es) the legal authority to carry out the program for which it is
seeking funding, in accordancewith applicable HUD regulations as modified by waivers and
alternative requirements.
The grantee certifies that activities to be undertaken with CDBG-DR funds are consistent with its
action plan.
The grantee certifies that it will comply with the acquisition and relocation requirements of the
URA,as amended, and implementing regulations at 49 CFR part 24, as such requirements may
be modified by waivers or alternative requirements.
The grantee certifies that it will comply with section 3 of the Housing and Urban Development
Act of 1968 (12 U.S.C. 1701u) and implementing regulations at 24 CFR part 75.
The grantee certifies that it is following a detailed citizen participation plan that satisfies the
requirements of 24 CFR 91.115 or 91.105 (except as provided for in waivers and alternative
requirements). Also, each local government receiving assistance from a state grantee must
follow a detailed citizen participation plan that satisfies the requirements of 24 CFR 570.486
(except as provided for in waivers and alternative requirements).
State grantee certifies that it has consulted with all disaster-affected local governments
(including any CDBG-entitlement grantees), Indian tribes, and any local public housing
authorities in determining the use of funds, including the method of distribution of funding, or
activities carried out directly by the state.
The grantee certifies that it is complying with each of the following criteria:
(1) Funds will be used solely for necessary expenses related to disaster relief, long-term
recovery, restoration of infrastructure and housing, economic revitalization, and mitigation in the
most impacted and distressed areas for which the President declared a major disaster pursuant
to the Robert T. Stafford Disaster Relief and Emergency Assistance Act of 1974 (42 U.S.C.
5121 et seq.).
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(2) With respect to activities expected to be assisted with CDBG-DR funds, the action plan has
been developed so as to give the maximum feasible priority to activities that will benefit low-and
moderate-income families.
(3) The aggregate use of CDBG-DR funds shall principally benefit low-and moderate-income
families in a manner that ensures that at least 70 percent (or another percentagepermitted by
HUD in a waiver) of the grant amount is expended for activities that benefit such persons.
(4) The grantee will not attempt to recover any capital costs of public improvements assisted
with CDBG-DR grant funds, by assessing any amount against properties owned and occupied
by persons of low-and moderate-income, including any fee charged or assessment made as a
condition of obtaining access to such public improvements, unless: (a) disaster recovery grant
funds are used to pay the proportion of such fee or assessment that relates to the capital costs
ofsuch public improvements that are financed from revenue sources other than under this title;
or (b) for purposes of assessing any amount against properties owned and occupied by persons
of moderate income, the grantee certifies to the Secretary that it lacks sufficient CDBG funds (in
any form) to comply with the requirements of clause (a).
State and local government grantees certify that the grant will be conducted andadministered in
conformity with title VI of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 (42 U.S.C. 2000d), the Fair Housing Act
(42 U.S.C. 3601-3619), and implementing regulations, and that it will affirmatively further fair
housing. An Indian tribe grantee certifies that the grant will be conducted and administered in
conformity with the Indian Civil Rights Act.
The grantee certifies that it has adopted and is enforcing the following policies, and, in addition,
state grantees must certify that they will require local governments that receive their grant funds
to certify that they have adopted and are enforcing: (1) A policy prohibiting the use of excessive
force by law enforcement agencies within its jurisdiction against any individuals engaged in
nonviolent civil rights demonstrations; and (2) A policy of enforcing applicable state and local
laws against physically barring entrance to or exit from a facility or location that is the subject of
such nonviolent civil rights demonstrations within its jurisdiction.
The grantee certifies that it (and any subrecipient or administering entity) currently has or will
develop and maintain the capacity to carry out disaster recovery activities ina timely manner
and that the grantee has reviewed the requirements applicable tothe use of grant funds.
The grantee certifies to the accuracy of its Financial Management and Grant Compliance
Certification Requirements, or other recent certification submission, if approved by HUD, and
related supporting documentation as provided in section III.A.1. of the Consolidated Notice and
III.A.2. of the Consolidated Notice.
The grantee certifies that it will not use CDBG-DR funds for any activity in an area identified as
flood prone for land use or hazard mitigation planning purposes by the state, local, or tribal
government or delineated as a Special Flood Hazard Area (or 100-
most current flood advisory maps, unless it also ensures that the action is designed or modified
to minimize harm to or within the floodplain, in accordance with Executive Order 11988 and 24
CFR part 55. The relevant data source for this provision is the state, local, and tribal
government land use regulationsand hazard mitigation plans and the latest-issued FEMA data
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or guidance, which includes advisory data (such as Advisory Base Flood Elevations) or
preliminary and final Flood Insurance Rate Maps.
The grantee certifies that its activities concerning lead-based paint will comply with the
requirements of 24 CFR part 35, subparts A, B, J, K, and R.
The grantee certifies that it will comply with environmental requirements at 24 CFR part 58.
The grantee certifies that it will comply with the provisions of title Iof the HCDA and with other
applicable laws.
The State of California Department of Housing and Community Development herby certifies the
above, as authorized by the Executive Director.
Signed version submitted to HUD.
B.Summary and Response of Public Comments
After the public comment period ends, the state will prepare responses to the comments. A
summary of the comments and responses will be added to the Action Plan for submittal to HUD.
C.Common Acronyms
AMI: Area Median Income
CDBG-DR: Community Development Block Grant Disaster Recovery
CFR: Code of Federal Regulations
DOB: Duplication of Benefits
DRGR: Disaster Recovery and Grant Reporting System
FEMA: Federal Emergency Management Agency
HCD Act: Housing and Community Development Act of 1974
HMGP: Hazard Mitigation Grant Program
IA: (FEMA) Individual Assistance
LIHTC: Low-Income Housing Tax Credit
LMI: Low and moderate-income
PA: (FEMA) Public Assistance
RE: Responsible Entity
RFP: Request for Proposals
SBA: U.S. Small Business Administration
UGLG: Unit of general local government
URA: Uniform Relocation Assistance and Real Property Acquisition Act of 1970, as
amended
USACE: U.S. Army Corps of Engineers
D.Standard Form 424
This is a standard form required for use as a cover sheet for submission of grantapplicationsfor
federal assistance that provides required information about the applicant organization. The
State of California Department of Housing and Community Development submitsthis form to
HUD at the time of Action Plan submission through the HUD DRGR system.
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The State also submitsStandard Form 424-D, which provides assurances for construction
programs.
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