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Subject:Board Correspondence - FW: Climate, Conflict, and Global Food Systems Are lockdowns coming again? These
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Date:Friday, March 27, 2026 4:25:02 PM
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Subject: Climate, Conflict, and Global Food Systems Are lockdowns coming again? These people
should get a new gig.
Public Record
CLIMATE, CONFLICT AND GLOBAL
FOOD SYSTEMS
Findings and Recommendatiins
https://web.archive.org/web/20160628180538if_/http://foodchainreaction.org/wp-
content/uploads/2016/02/Findings-Report.pdf
diana dreiss
CLIMATE, CONFLICT AND GLOBAL FOOD SYSTEMS
Findings and Recommendations
The year is 2020 and the world’s food system is under increasing stress. Extreme weather and political conflict are undermining food production and creating shortages. Prices are skyrocketing. Social unrest is growing. Populations are at risk.
How will the world respond?
Teams from the United States, European
Union, Brazil, China, Continental Africa and
India, along with individuals representing
multilateral organizations, businesses and
investors, participated in Food Chain Reaction:
A Global Food Security Game. The event was
a role-playing exercise with global experts
serving as governments, institutions and busi-
nesses, designed to explore how they might
respond during a future crisis in the global
food system.
Game play began in 2020 in a world where
population growth, rapid urbanization,
extreme weather and political crises combine
to threaten global food systems. Over the
course of two days, the players collaborated,
negotiated, made decisions, and confronted
trade-offs while dealing with the consequen-
ces of their actions between 2020 and 2030.
Throughout the game, disruptions to food
production and accessibility led to rapid price
increases, food shortages and civil unrest.
Food Chain Reaction was an international simulation held in Washington
D.C. in November 2015. Over the course of two days, 65 thought leaders
and policy-makers from around the world, confronted crises, flash points
and trade-offs. They emerged with a way forward, and a clear mandate
that the time to act is now.
Each disruption required players to respond
with a set of actions –new trade, climate
and tax policies, emergency measures to aid
vulnerable states and cross-border solutions.
Food Chain Reaction was designed to help
high-level decision-makers better understand
the interdependencies of food, climate, trade
and political stability, and the cascading
effects of collective and individual policy
decisions. This report offers actionable
recommendations based on lessons learned
during the game.
Food Chain Reaction 2
“THE WORLD CAN GET
IT RIGHT. WHEN WE
ARE FACED WITH BIG
CHALLENGES, WE
COME UP WITH
BIGGER SOLUTIONS.”
Debisi Araba, Fellow, Harvard University
Team: Africa
Primary findings from a global
food policy interaction
The game put the issue of food security
at the forefront of a global conversation.
Players realized that policies and actions
affecting trade, climate, and security
can cause, or mitigate, food system pres-
sures and volatility worldwide. Over four
rounds, teams demonstrated an increasing-
ly coordinated response to the challenges,
even as pressures ratcheted upward.
Overall game findings include:
Instability and volatility are the “new
normal,” and both are inevitably linked
to food security. In this increasingly volatile
environment, players acknowledged the
link between food insecurity, climate and
political instability. Food disruptions and
rising prices gave rise to migrant flows
and refugee crises.
Teams discovered that inaction can result
in harmful, cascading effects across geo-
graphies. They proposed strengthening
existing multilateral institutions, and
creating new coordinating agencies.
Because food security and climate are
linked, climate-smart agriculture is
necessary. The link between climate and
food security was well-recognized across
the wide variety of players in the game.
Many teams took action that acknowledged
that vulnerable food systems are made
more so by unpredictable climatic effects.
Recognizing the potentially destructive
nature of this feedback loop, players looked
to increase productivity through sustain-
able and climate-smart practices.
Primary Findings3
Additionally, teams agreed to price enviro-
nmental services, tax carbon, support the
development of a market for carbon
trading, and adopt measures to cap global
emissions levels.
Global collaboration is essential. As the
game progressed, a quick convergence of
ideas allowed teams to agree on common
goals and engage in complementary
activities. Teams came to the conclusion
that no one nation, organization or business
can successfully address global food
security and the isolated actions of any
actor can create cascading impacts globally.
With a clear view of mutual dependency,
most teams agreed to avoid bilateral com-
modity trading agreements, opting instead
to engage in broader global partnerships.
“FOR INDIA, WE CAN MAKE
A LOT OF DIFFERENCE,
AND WE MAY NOT ALWAYS
RECOGNIZE THE KIND
OF CONTRIBUTIONS WE
CAN MAKE.”
Partha Mukhopadhyay,
Centre for Policy Research
Team: India
Primary Findings 4
5 Food Chain Reaction
Long-term investments in agricultural
research and development will create a more
food-secure future. Teams proposed long-term
investments in research and development,
and large investments in low-income nations.
Players also highlighted the need for innovative
financing approaches.
Research and development focused on creating
heat-tolerant and climate-resilient crops;
making production and processing easier; and
improving nutrition. Players cited the need for
more open approaches to managing intellectual
property to accelerate innovation.
Building new information sharing systems
will enhance food security. Across the board,
the teams emphasized the need to build new
information sharing systems to improve the
world’s ability to share data about agriculture
and food conditions and the way the food
system works.
Better information about food production (e.g.,
planting, yields, global stocks, etc.), as well as
a wider range of related variables (e.g., food
demand; water issues, infrastructure, etc.)
would allow global leaders to monitor food
security challenges in real-time and react faster.
Long-term solutions require better global
governance. As the game progressed, teams
adopted longer term views, with more
multilateral actions and a heightened focus
on strengthening global governance. As
new crises arose, teams moved away from
traditional food aid approaches, favoring
instead conditional cash transfers that better
enable people to respond in a crisis and
communities to build resilience.
“USING THE TECHNOLOGY
BRAZIL HAS DEVELOPED,
WE CAN EXPAND IT
NATIONWIDE BUT ALSO
TAKE IT TO OTHER
CONTINENTS, BUILDING
CAPACITY.”
Cassia M. Carvalho, Brazil-U.S. Business Council
Team: Brazil
Teams learned that shared, transparent
information is fundamental to improving
monitoring systems essential for food
security, particularly in the new normal of
volatility and uncertain climate.
Food Chain Reaction 6
7 Food Chain Reaction
“I REALLY WANT THE GLOBAL FOOD SYSTEM TO WORK WELL
AND THIS EXERCISE IS GIVING US A CHANCE TO THINK ABOUT
HOW IT MIGHT OPERATE UNDER STRESS.”
Daniel Pearson, Cato Institute,
Former Chairman U.S. International Trade Commission
Team: United States
8Food Chain Reaction
Food Chain Reaction exposed three critical gaps in global food
systems. In order to create a more resilient, food-secure future,
these gaps must be closed.
Addressing the Knowledge Gap
Develop a real-time global food security dashboard that allows public- and private-sector
decision-makers to detect and address disruptions to the global food system before they
occur. Engage a trusted global agent to collect and maintain data in a transparent manner.
• The dashboard incorporates existing data-
sets, and supplements them with data about
resource scarcity; food supply and demand;
food stocks, demographic trends; nutrition;
the availability, usage and rights to land and
water; production trends; a global inventory
of degraded lands and other factors.
• The dashboard serves as an early-warning
system for food system disruptions; it
identifies at-risk areas, and tracks tipping
points that may lead more severe crises.
• The approach requires countries to report
transparently about their food stockpiles,
agricultural and food subsidies, land
leasing relationships, and efforts to reduce
agricultural-related emissions which will
help food producers plan for future
production in the face of climate impacts.
• Efforts to boost productivity must be con-
centrated in low-income countries, where
population growth will be faster, climate
impacts harsher, and demand for protein
will increase due to economic growth.
“THE GAME DEMONSTRATED
THE CRITICAL ROLE OF
INDUSTRY IN SUSTAINABLE
FOOD SECURITY.”
Joe Stone, Cargill
Team: Businesses and Industry
1
9 Recommendations
Addressing the Productivity Gap
Increase agricultural productivity in low-income countries in a sustainable manner,
while minimizing its impact on the environment. Focus public, private and multi-
lateral investments on research, improved farm inputs, expanded extension services,
and in the physical infrastructure needed to more efficiently store and move food from
production to demand areas.
• Invest in degraded lands to restore their
use for agriculture. Reduce further destru-
ction of valuable natural areas, such as
tropical forests and conservation lands,
for food production.
• Develop a global food waste reduction
strategy. Invest in infrastructure to
improve food storage, transport and
delivery systems. Establish global standards
for measuring and reporting food waste.
• Drive broad adoption of “trailing edge”
agricultural technologies, which can max-
imize efficiencies and output and minimize
environmental footprint. This will allow
low-income countries to boost their pro-
duction significantly, even when “leading
edge” approaches are not available.
• Adopt climate-smart and sustainable
agricultural practices to grow output and
mitigate the impacts of climate change on
food production. Widen the use of precision
agricultural techniques, climate-tolerant
crops, improved water and soil management
tools, and advanced inputs.
• Expand targeted agricultural extension
services to help farmers improve their crop
management practices.
2
“THE ‘NEW NORMAL’ IS
VOLATILITY.”
Molly Jahn, Ph.D., University of Wisconsin
Team: Adjudication Cell
10Recommendations
11 Recommendations
Addressing the Collaboration Gap
Create specialized forums to enable better decision-making in times of crisis,
introduce long-term measures and engage public- and private-sector decision-makers
on global food security issues.
• Improved coordination must lead to
collaborative and sustainable global trade
policies, greater integration of climate
actions and food policies, and better
management of the geopolitical implica-
tions of climate and food security issues.
• International trade policy-makers at both
the multilateral and bilateral levels should
take into account the potential impacts of
their actions, such as tariffs, export restric-
tions, and subsidies on food security.
• Nations must fully implement agricultural
emissions reduction programs to meet
their climate commitments under the Paris
Agreement. Private-sector actors have a
responsibility to contribute to reducing
carbon emissions in their operations.
• Leaders should investigate the possible
implementation of a cross-border carbon tax
and/or carbon emissions trading schemes.
Gain a better understanding of the benefits
and consequences.
• Food security should become a more
integral element of nations’ foreign policy
considerations, with a focus on reducing
food insecurity as a root cause of instability,
conflict and human migration.
3
12Recommendations
“THERE IS A HOPE THAT A
[SIMULATED] CRISIS WILL
CREATE THE ABILITY FOR
US TO DO THINGS BETTER
AND RECONFIGURE THE
WORLD IN A BETTER WAY.”
Tim Benton, University of Leeds
Team: European Union
13 Food Chain Reaction
“ACHIEVING GLOBAL
FOOD AND NUTRITION
SECURITY IS NOT A
GAME WE CAN AFFORD
TO LOSE.”
Tom Daschle, Distinguished Senior Fellow
Center for American Progress
Conclusion
The global food system is heavily networked
and complex, making it vulnerable to a variety
of risks and disruptions. Demographic changes,
increasingly degraded natural resources,
climate pressures and political crises will
continue to challenge food security.
There is no single solution. Food Chain
Reaction demonstrated that policies and
actions affecting climate, stability, environ-
ment and trade can cause, or mitigate, food
system pressure and volatility worldwide.
By addressing these issues in an integrated
manner, we can produce sounder decision-
making across all sectors.
Solutions lie in more innovative collaboration
among governments, business, civil society
and multilateral institutions. Information
sharing systems can be improved, so that
decisions can be made with accurate, real-time
and trusted data.
Investments across the agricultural value chain
are essential. And by evolving attitudes from
reactionary to visionary, a future crisis can be
as visceral and motivating as an actual present-
day catastrophe.
The Food Chain Reaction players and spon-
sors know practical solutions are possible and
are focused on realizing proactive, cooperative
and balanced approaches to promoting
global food security.
Findings 16Photo Credits: Cargill (front cover), Getty Images (front & back cover), Martin Harvey (back cover), Michel Gunther (pgs. 5-6, front & back
cover), James Morgan (pg. 13, back cover), Farrukh Nagar (front cover), Steve Niedorf (pg. 7, front cover), Simon Rawles (back cover),
WWF (pg. 1), Yifei Zhang (back cover). All other photos courtesy of Darren Higgins.
Players & Participants
TEAM BRAZIL
Cassia M. Carvalho | Brazil-U.S. Business Council, U.S. Chamber
of Commerce
Geraldo Bueno Martha, Jr. | Embrapa Labex-USA
Luiz Augusto de Castro Neves | Brazilian Center for International Relations
(CEBRI)
Francisco G. Neto | Former State Secretary of Agriculture | Empresa
Metropolitana de Aguas e Energia SA
Marcos Fava Neves | University of Sao Paulo
Alexandre Meira da Rosa | Inter-American Development Bank
Joel Velasco | Albright Stonebridge Group
TEAM CHINA
Jin Zhonghao | WWF China
Sun Ru | China Institute of Contemporary International Relations
Tang Xinhua | China Institute of Contemporary International Relations
Wang Jinxia | Center for Chinese Agricultural Policy, Chinese Academy
of Sciences
Wang Zhanlu | ATPC, Ministry of Agriculture, China
Zhang Junhua | Shanghai Jiao Tong University
Zheng Yan | Chinese Academy of Social Sciences
TEAM CONTINENTAL AFRICA
Debisi Araba | Fellow, Harvard University
Martin Bwalya | New Partnership for Africa’s Development
Robin Buruchara | Consultative Group for International Agricultural Research
Adam Gerstenmier | Alliance for a Green Revolution in Africa
George Osure | Syngenta Foundation for Sustainable Agriculture
Ishmael Sunga | Southern African Confederation of Agricultural Unions
Mphumuzi Sukati | Common Market for Eastern and Southern Africa
TEAM EUROPEAN UNION
Viola von Cramon | Former Spokeswoman for European Foreign Affairs
& Sports, German Federal Government
Alexander Carius | adelphi
Christine Chemnitz | Heinrich-Böll-Foundation
Gérard Fuchs | Jean Jaurès Foundation
Tim Benton | University of Leeds, UK
Charles Godfray | Oxford University
Lars Hoelgaard | Farm Europe
Ondřej Liška | Ashoka Central and Eastern Europe
Joao Pacheco | JS Pacheco International Consulting
TEAM INDIA
Mukesh Aghi | U.S.-India Business Council
Yoginder K. Alagh | Central University of Gujarat
Ridhika Batra | Federation of Indian Chambers of Commerce and Industry
Nutan Kaushik | The Energy and Resources Institute (TERI) University
Partha Mukhopadhyay | Centre for Policy Research
Waheguru Pal Singh Sidhu | Brookings India
TEAM MULTILATERAL INSTITUTIONS
Paula Caballero | World Bank
Dino P. Djalal | Former Indonesian Deputy Minister of Foreign Affairs
& Ambassador to the US
Aitor Ezcurra | International Finance Corporation
Cary Fowler | Global Crop Diversity Trust
Tania Kaddeche | International Finance Corporation
Keokam Kraisoraphong | Chulalongkorn University
Dan Mullins | CARE International
Fulai Sheng | United Nations Environment Program
Craig Steffensen | Asian Development Bank
Juergen Voegele | World Bank
TEAM BUSINESS & INVESTORS
Alan Barkema | Apical Economics, LLC
Kris Carlson | Thomson Reuters
Dave Crean | MARS, Inc
Guy Hogge | Louis Dreyfus Commodities
Nigel Mamalis | Louis Dreyfus Commodities
Jim Mize | Sealed Air Corporation
Joe Stone | Cargill
Joel Vanderkooi | Kellogg Company
TEAM UNITED STATES
Reuben Brigety, II | The George Washington University
Bruce Cameron | Overseas Private Investment Corporation
Dan Glickman | Former Secretary of Agriculture; The Aspen Institute
Sherri Goodman | Consortium for Ocean Leadership, former Deputy
Undersecretary of Defense
Carter Ham | Former Commander, U.S. Africa Command
Andrew Light | World Resources Institute
Kathleen Merrigan | The George Washington University
Daniel Pearson | Cato Institute, Former Chairman U.S. International
Trade Commission
Bob Perciasepe | Center for Climate and Energy Solutions
Tiffani Williams | The Daschle Group
Key Players & Game Control Staff
Alan Bjerga | Bloomberg News | Game Journalist
Tom Daschle, former U.S. Senator, The Daschle Group |
Game Senior Mentor
Mary “Kate” Fisher | CNA | Game Director
John Podesta | former White House Counselor | Keynote Speaker
Yee San Su | CNA | Game Director
Adjudication Cell Members
Tim Bodin | Cargill
Corey Cherr | Thompson Reuters
Molly Jahn | University of Wisconsin
Marc Levy | Columbia University
Christine Parthemore | Center for American Progress
Marc Sadler | World Bank
Tom Slayton | Slayton and Associates
Ashley Zung | U.S. Department of State
For the latest on global food security, as well as information, videos and
testimonials from the game, please visit: FoodChainReaction.org