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DRAFT DELINEATION OF WATERS
OF THE UNITED STATES
Old Durham Wood Expansion Site
October 2013
Prepared for:
Old Durham Wood
Randy McLaughlin
8616 Dumel Drive
Durham CA 95938
Prepared by:
Gallaway Enterprises
117 Meyers Street, Suite 120
Chico CA 95928
530‐332‐9909
Contact: Jody Gallaway
www.gallawayenterprises.com
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Contents
Introduction and Project Location ............................................................................................................ 1
Environmental Setting and Site Conditions .............................................................................................. 1
Survey Methodology ................................................................................................................................. 4
Determination of Hydrophytic Vegetation ................................................................................................... 4
Determination of Hydric Soils ....................................................................................................................... 5
Determination of Ordinary High Water Mark ............................................................................................... 5
Jurisdictional Boundary Determination and Acreage Calculation ............................................................ 5
Results ....................................................................................................................................................... 6
Waters of the United States: Other Waters ................................................................................................. 6
Waters of the United States: Wetlands ........................................................................................................ 7
Soils ............................................................................................................................................................... 7
Vegetation ..................................................................................................................................................... 7
Hydrology ...................................................................................................................................................... 8
Site Photos .................................................................................................................................................... 9
Glossary ....................................................................................................................................................... 13
References .............................................................................................................................................. 19
Appendix A: Wetland Delineation Data Sheets ...................................................................................... 21
Appendix B: Soils Map and Soil Series Descriptions ............................................................................... 22
Appendix C: Draft Wetland Delineation Map ........................................................................................ 23
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List of Tables and Figures
Figure 1 ‐ Regional Location Map ................................................................................................................. 2
Figure 2 ‐ Project Location Map .................................................................................................................... 3
Table 1. Results Delineation of Waters of the United States for the Old Durham Wood Expansion Site:
Butte County, CA. .......................................................................................................................................... 6
List of Appendices and Attachments
Appendix A: Wetland Delineation Data Sheets .......................................................................................... 21
Appendix B: Soils Map and Soil Series Descriptions ................................................................................... 22
Appendix C: Wetland Delineation Map ..................................................................................................... 23
Draft Delineation of Waters of the U.S. Page |1
Old Durham Wood Expansion Project
Introduction and Project Location
Gallaway Enterprises conducted a delineation of Waters of the U.S. for the approximately 52 acre Old
Durham Wood Expansion project (Project) located on Oro‐Chico Road, Butte County, California, within
the USGS Hamlin Canyon Quadrangle, Section 22, Township 21N, Range 2E,
(121°44’25.5”W/39°39’35.4”N), (Figure 1 and 2). The Project proposes to expand existing operations
for green waste processing and soil composting. It is the goal of the applicant to completely avoid all
jurisdictional features, thus this delineation was used to design the current site plan.
Jody Gallaway, Senior Biologist and Kirk Vail, Senior Botanist conducted field evaluations periodically
from June‐September 2013. Wetlands, Other Waters of the U.S. and data points were recorded using a
Trimble Geo XT GPS unit. The botanical resources, soils, hydrological features, and determination of
wetland characteristics from our surveys have been evaluated under the United States Army Corps of
Engineers Wetlands Delineation Manual (1987); the Regional Supplement to the Corps of Engineers
Wetland Delineation Manual: Arid West Region (2008); the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers Jurisdictional
Determination Form Instructional Guidebook (2007); the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers Ordinary High
Flows and the Stage‐Discharge Relationship in the Arid West Region (2011); and the 2012 National
Wetland Plant List.
Environmental Setting and Site Conditions
Currently the area is used for cattle grazing during the winter and spring months. The proposed project
area is characterized as annual grassland with mound‐swale topography (Mayer and Laudenslayer
1988). This community is composed of a herbaceous layer dominated by medusahead grass
(Taeniatherum caput‐medusae) and soft chess (Bromus hordeaceus). The project site is located on a
terrace between two drainages. Soil depth throughout the entire project site ranged from 0‐8 inches.
Exposed hardpan persists within areas that contain marginal wetland characteristics. There is an
elevated knoll near the approximate center of the site and water drains off the site rapidly.
The applicant built a large berm on the eastern boundary of the existing processing facility (Appendix C).
The berm acts as an impoundment and water ponds behind the berm in shallow depressions (Wetland
Features 5‐11). Water captured by the berm does not flow offsite rather the water heats and
evaporates. An asphalt‐like biotic crust, which is not a wetland indicator, was observed in the shallow
depressions behind the berm.
Project Site
E Old Durham Wood
Regional Location
Figure 1
0 5 10 Miles
1:1,000,000
Data Sources: USDA Map Date: 09/17/13
To Chico
To Sacramento
¬«99
¬«149
Project Site
E Old Durham Wood
Project Location
Figure 2
0 0.5 1 Miles
1:75,000
Data Sources: USDA Map Date: 09/17/13
Skyw
a
y
Durham - Dayton Highway
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Old Durham Wood Expansion Site
Survey Methodology
Jody Gallaway, Senior Biologist and Kirk Vail, Senior Botanist conducted field evaluations periodically
from June‐September 2013. Wetlands, Other Waters of the U.S. and sample data points were recorded
using a Trimble Geo XT GPS unit. The botanical resources, soils, hydrological features, and determination
of wetland characteristics from our surveys have been evaluated under the United States Army Corps of
Engineers Wetlands Delineation Manual (1987); the Regional Supplement to the Corps of Engineers
Wetland Delineation Manual: Arid West Region (2008); the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers Jurisdictional
Determination Form Instructional Guidebook (2007); the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers Ordinary High
Flows and the Stage‐Discharge Relationship in the Arid West Region (2011); and the 2012 National
Wetland Plant List.
Field data were entered onto data sheets using the most current format (Appendix A). Center points of
ephemeral streams were recorded with their approximate stream width(s) at each point. Wetland
perimeters were recorded and defined according to their topographic and hydrologic orientation.
Sample points were established for each wetland and corresponding upland zone. Wetland
characteristics were marginal throughout the site due to slope and lack of soil which prevents ponding
and water drains rapidly off the site. Ten sample test pits were dug to investigate soil and vegetation
characteristics within areas that had topographic relief that could support wetlands.
Many of the terms used throughout this report have specific meanings relating to the federal wetland
delineation process. Term definitions are based on the USACE Wetlands Delineation Manual (1987); the
Federal Manual for Identifying and Delineating Jurisdictional Wetlands (1989); the Interim Regional
Supplement to the Corps of Engineers Wetlands Delineation Manual: Arid West Region (2006); and, the
USACE Jurisdictional Determination Form Instructional Guidebook (2007). The terms defined below have
specific meaning relating to the delineation of Waters of the U.S. as prescribed by §404 of the Clean
Water Act (CWA).
Determination of Hydrophytic Vegetation
The presence of hydrophytic vegetation was determined using the methods outlined in the Federal
Manual for Identifying and Delineating Jurisdictional Wetlands (1989) and Regional Supplement to the
Corps of Engineers Wetlands Delineation Manual: Arid West Region (2008). The two methods are
approved by the USACE for use in conjunction with the Wetlands Delineation Manual (1987). Areas were
considered to have positive indicators of hydrophytic vegetation if they pass the dominance test,
meaning more than 50 percent of the dominant species are OBL, FACW, FAC. Plant species were
identified to the lowest taxonomy possible. Plant indicator status was re‐evaluated by reviewing the
2012 National Wetland Plant List for the State of California, Arid West Region. In situations where
dominance can be misleading due to seasonality, the prevalence index will be used to determine
hydrophytic status of the community surrounding sample sites.
Plant indicator status categories:
Obligate wetland plants (OBL) – plants that occur almost always (estimated probability 99%) in wetlands
under normal conditions, but which may also occur rarely (estimated probability 1%) in non‐wetlands.
Facultative wetland plants (FACW) ‐ plants that usually occur (estimated probability 67% to 99%) in
wetlands under normal conditions, but also occur (estimated probability 1% to 33%) in non‐wetlands.
Facultative plants (FAC) – Plants with a similar likelihood (estimated probability 33% to 67%) of
occurring in both wetlands and non‐wetlands.
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Old Durham Wood Expansion Site
Facultative upland plants (FACU) – Plants that occur sometimes (estimated probability 1% to 33%) in
wetlands, but occur more often (estimated probability 67% to 99%) in non‐wetlands.
Obligate upland plants (UPL) – Plants that occur rarely (estimated probability 1%) in wetlands, but occur
almost always (estimated probability 99%) in non‐wetlands under natural conditions.
Determination of Hydric Soils
Soil survey information was reviewed for the current site condition. Field samples were evaluated using
the Munsell soil color chart (2009 Edition), hand texturing, and assessment of soil features (e.g. oxidized
root channels, evidence of hardpan, Mn and Fe concretions). Information regarding local soil and series
descriptions is provided in Appendix B.
Determination of Wetland Hydrology
Wetland hydrology was determined to be present if a site supported one or more of the following
characteristics:
• Landscape position and surface topography (e.g. position of the site relative to an up‐slope
water source, location within a distinct wetland drainage pattern, and concave surface
topography),
• Inundation or saturation for a long duration either inferred based on field indicators or observed
during repeated site visits, and
• Residual evidence of ponding or flooding resulting in field indicators such as scour marks,
sediment deposits, algal matting, and surface soil cracks and drift lines.
The presence of water or saturated soil for approximately 12% of the growing season typically
creates anaerobic conditions in the soil, and these conditions affect the types of plants that can
grow and the types of soils that develop (Wetland Training Institute 1995).
Determination of Ordinary High Water Mark
The lateral extent of non‐tidal water bodies (e.g. intermittent and ephemeral streams) were based on
the ordinary high water mark (OHWM), which is “the line on the shore established by the fluctuations of
water” (USACE 2005). The OHWM was determined based on physical characteristics of the area,
including scour, multiple observed flow events (from current and historical aerial photos), shelving, and
changes in the character of soil, presence of mature vegetation, deposition, and topography. Due to the
wide extent of some floodplains, adjacent wetland areas characterized by hydric soils, hydrophytic
vegetation, and hydrology may be included within the OHWM of a non‐tidal water body (Curtis, et. al.
2011).
Jurisdictional Boundary Determination and Acreage Calculation
The wetland‐upland boundary was determined based on the presence or inference of positive indicators
of all mandatory criteria. Soil samples were taken within wetland and upland areas. When boundary
identification between wetland and upland could not be made visually using vegetative community
boundaries, additional soil sampling was performed to further define the boundary between wetland
(hydric soils) and upland communities. The site was traversed on foot to identify wetland features and
boundaries. Wetland characteristics were marginal throughout the site due to slope and lack of soil
which prevents ponding and water drains rapidly off the site. Ten sample test pits were dug to
investigate soil and vegetation characteristics within areas that had topographic relief that could
support wetlands. In all cases the test pit data indicate insufficient data to characterize low areas as
jurisdictional wetlands.
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Old Durham Wood Expansion Site
Standard data sheets (Appendix A) were used to interpret describe plants, soils, and hydrological
characteristics. The spatial data obtained during the wetland delineation was collected using a Trimble
GeoXT GPS Receiver and standard collecting procedures. No readings were taken with fewer than 5
satellites. Point data locations were recorded for 25 seconds at a rate of 1 position per second. Area and
line data was recorded at a rate of 1 position per second while walking at a slow pace. All GPS data was
differentially corrected for maximum accuracy using the National Geodetic Survey’s Redding CORS
Station.
Results
Tables 1 lists the identified pre‐jurisdictional features within the project boundary including average
width, length, and area calculations. A complete Draft Wetland Delineation map, utilizing a 1” to 200’
scale, is included as Appendix C.
Table 1. Results from the Delineation of Waters of the United States for the Old Durham Wood
Expansion Site, Butte County, CA.
Feature Label Width (ft.)Length (ft.)Area (sq. ft.)Acres
Other Waters of the U.S.
OWO1 3 209.3 627.9 0.01
OW02 5 1649.4 8247.0 0.19
OW03 5 89.9 449.5 0.01
OW04 5 120.2 601.0 0.01
Other Waters Totals=2068.8 9925.4 0.23
Wetland Features
WF02 N/A N/A 1475.1 0.034
WF 03 N/A N/A 1721.0 0.040
WF04 N/A N/A 10215.7 0.245
WF05 N/A N/A 502.8 0.012
WF06 N/A N/A 825.4 0.02
WF 07 N/A N/A 275.1 0.01
WF08 N/A N/A 549.2 0.01
WF09 N/A N/A 269.7 0.01
WF10 N/A N/A 1919.5 0.04
WF11 N/A N/A 5115.5 0.12
WF12 N/A N/A 417.2 0.01
WF13 N/A N/A 556.0 0.01
WF14 N/A N/A 431.2 0.01
Wetland Feature Totals=24346.0 0.559
Total of all Features =0.787
Waters of the United States: Other Waters
The ephemeral streams qualify as “other waters” within the site boundaries. They are designated as
Non‐Relatively Permanent Waters (NRPW), as they flows for less than 3 continuous months and appears
to be fed completely by runoff from rainfall. A NRPW is defined as a tributary that is not a Traditionally
Navigable Water (TNW), and that typically flows for periods for less than 3 months. NRPWs are
Draft Delineation of Waters of the U.S. Page | 7
Old Durham Wood Expansion Site
jurisdictional when they have a documented Significant Nexus to TNWs. All NRPWs must also contain
appropriate morphology of bed, bank and scour and be clearly connected to a TNW. The drainage flows
towards Hamlin Slough, to Butte Creek (TNW) and eventually the Sacramento River (TNW).There is a
total of 0.23 acres of “other waters” within the Project boundary.
Waters of the United States: Wetlands
All of the wetlands exhibited marginal characteristics and have been typed as seasonal swales. Wetland
Features 5‐11 were created by the construction of a berm that traps sheet flow. The applicant built a
large berm on the eastern boundary of the existing processing facility (Appendix C). The berm acts as an
impoundment and water ponds behind the berm in shallow depressions (Wetland Features 5‐11). Water
captured by the berm does not flow offsite rather the water heats and evaporates. An asphalt‐like biotic
crust, which is not a wetland indicator, was observed in the shallow depressions behind the berm. Little
to no hydrophytic vegetation was observed in these shallow depressions and there is a question as to
their jurisdictional nature. The applicant has recently removed sections of the berm which will
effectively de‐water these artificial features.
Soils
Four soil map units occur within the study area according to a query of the National Cooperative Soil
Survey database. The four identified map units are listed below in Table 2. Refer to soil descriptions in
Appendix B.
Table 2. Map unit, map unit name, acres in area of interest, and percent of acres in area of interest.
Old Durham Wood Expansion Site, Butte County, CA
Map Unit
Symbol
Map Unit Name Acres Percent of Total
(47 Acres)
614 Doemill‐Jokerst Complex, 0‐3 percent
slopes
14.4 30.9%
615 Doemill‐Jokerst Complex, 3‐8 percent
slopes
26.9 57.6%
616 Jokerst‐Doemill‐Typic Haploxeralfs
complex, 8‐15 percent slopes
5.4 11.5%
Totals for Area of Interest 46.7 100.0%
Vegetation
The wetland features are shallow depressions/swales located on slopes that convey water off‐site. Little
to no ponding occurs due to landscape position, slight topographic relief, and lack of soil. Seasonal
swales are characterized by shallow depressional features that are typically inundated or ponded
intermittently during the wet season and dry during the remainder of the year. The dominate vegetation
includes: Hordeum marinum ssp. gussoneanum, (FAC), Festuca perennis, (FAC), Briza minor, (FAC) and
Draft Delineation of Waters of the U.S. Page | 8
Old Durham Wood Expansion Site
Festuca bromoides, (FAC). In this grassland environment, these plant species can be found with equal
dominance in the uplands. Navarretia leucocephala, (OBL) was observed sporadically within shallow
depressions but never as a dominant member of vegetation sample plot.
Hydrology
The ephemeral stream (OW2‐4) begins on‐site from rainfall and flows west out of the Project site
towards Hamlin Slough. The ephemeral drainage (OW01) begins on‐site and flows south through
undeveloped land and into Hamlin Slough.
Precipitation is the only hydrological input that supports the wetlands. Wetlands 5‐11 are created by a
constructed berm that traps water flowing off a large natural on‐site knoll. Recently, the applicant has
removed sections of the berm which could drain the artificial features. Without the berm, these features
will most likely revert to upland conditions.
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Old Durham Wood Expansion Site
Site Photos
Test Pit Location Number 1.
Test Pit Location Number 2.
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Old Durham Wood Expansion Site
Test Pit Location Number 3.
Test Pit Location Number 10.
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Old Durham Wood Expansion Site
Wetland Feature 4.
Wetland Feature 05‐11.
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Old Durham Wood Expansion Site
Water stained rocks in wetland feature 09.
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Old Durham Wood Expansion Site
Glossary
Abutting: When referring to wetlands that are adjacent to a tributary, abutting defines those
wetlands that are not separated from the tributary by an upland feature, such as a berm or
dike.
Adjacent: Adjacent as used in “Adjacent to traditional navigable water,” is defined in USACE
and EPA regulations as “bordering, contiguous, or neighboring.” Wetlands separated from
other waters of the U.S. by man‐made dikes or barriers, natural river berms, beach dunes and
the like are ‘adjacent wetlands. A wetland “Abuts” a tributary if it is not separated from the
tributary by uplands, a berm, dike, or similar feature.
While all wetlands that meet the agencies' definitions are considered adjacent wetlands, only
those adjacent wetlands that have a continuous surface connection because they directly abut
the tributary (e.g., they are not separated by uplands, a berm, dike, or similar feature) are
considered jurisdictional under the plurality standard. (CWA Jurisdiction Following Rapanos v
US and Carabell v US 12‐02‐08).
The regulations define “adjacent” as follows: “[t]he term adjacent means bordering,
contiguous, or neighboring. Wetlands separated from other waters of the United States by
man‐made dikes or barriers, natural river berms, beach dunes and the like are ‘adjacent
wetlands.’” Under this definition, a wetland does not need to meet all criteria to be considered
adjacent. The agencies consider wetlands to be bordering, contiguous, or neighboring, and
therefore “adjacent” if at least one of following three criteria is satisfied:
(1) There is an unbroken surface or shallow sub‐surface hydrologic connection between the
wetland and jurisdictional waters; or
(2) The wetlands are physically separated from jurisdictional waters by “manmade dikes or
barriers, natural river berms, beach dunes, and the like;” or,
(3) Where a wetland’s physical proximity to a jurisdictional water is reasonably close, that
wetland is “neighboring” and thus adjacent. For example, wetlands located within the riparian
area or floodplain of a jurisdictional water will generally be considered neighboring, and thus
adjacent. One test for whether a wetland is sufficiently proximate to be considered
“neighboring” is whether there is a demonstrable ecological interconnection between the
wetland and the jurisdictional waterbody. For example, if resident aquatic species (e.g.,
amphibians, reptiles, fish, mammals, or waterfowl) rely on both the wetland and the
jurisdictional waterbody for all or part of their life cycles (e.g., nesting, rearing, feeding, etc.),
that may demonstrate that the wetland is neighboring and thus adjacent. The agencies
recognize that as the distance between the wetland and jurisdictional water increases, the
potential ecological interconnection between the waters is likely to decrease.
The agencies will also continue to assert jurisdiction over wetlands “adjacent” to traditional
navigable waters as defined in the agencies’ regulations. Under EPA and Corps regulations and
as used in this guidance, “adjacent” means “bordering, contiguous, or neighboring.” Finding a
continuous surface connection is not required to establish adjacency under this definition. The
Rapanos decision does not affect the scope of jurisdiction over wetlands that are adjacent to
traditional navigable waters. The agencies will assert jurisdiction over those adjacent wetlands
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Old Durham Wood Expansion Site
that have a continuous surface connection with a relatively permanent, non‐navigable
tributary, without the legal obligation to make a significant nexus finding.
Atypical situation (significantly disturbed): In an atypical (significantly disturbed) situation,
recent human activities or natural events have created conditions where positive indicators for
hydrophytic vegetation, hydric soil, or wetland hydrology are not present or observable.
Bar: An elongated landform generated by waves and currents, usually running parallel to the
shore, composed predominantly of unconsolidated sand, gravel, stones, cobbles, or rubble and
with water on two sides.
Beach: A sloping landform on the shore of larger water bodies, generated by waves and
currents and extending from the water to a distinct break in landform or substrate type (e .g. a
fore dune, cliff, or bank).
Boulder: Rock fragments larger than 60 .4 cm (24 inches) in diameter.
Channel: "An open conduit either naturally or artificially created which periodically or
continuously contains moving water, or which forms a connecting link between two bodies of
standing water" (Langbein and Iseri 1960:5).
Channel bank: The sloping land bordering a channel. The bank has steeper slope than the
bottom of the channel and is usually steeper than the land surrounding the channel.
Cobbles: Rock fragments 7.6 cm (3 inches) to 25 .4 cm (10 inches) in diameter.
Debris flow: A moving mass of rock fragments, soil, and mud where more than 50% of the
particles are larger than sand‐sized.
Desert pavement: Tightly interlocking gravel at the surface formed after years of surface
exposure in the absence of active streamflow over the surface.
Desert varnish: A thin, dark, shiny film, composed of iron oxide with traces of manganese oxide
and silica, formed on the surface of pebbles, boulders, and rock outcrops in desert regions after
long exposure.
Divide: High ground that forms the boundary of a watershed.
Drift: Organic debris oriented to flow direction(s) (larger than small twigs).
Effective discharge: Discharge that is capable of carrying a large proportion of sediment over
time.
Emergent hydrophytes: Erect, rooted, herbaceous angiosperms that may be temporarily to
permanently flooded at the base but do not tolerate prolonged inundation of the entire plant;
e.g., bulrushes (Scirpus spp.), salt marsh cord grass.
Emergent mosses: Mosses occurring in wetlands, but generally not covered by water.
Ephemeral stream: An ephemeral stream has flowing water only during and for a short
duration after, precipitation events in a typical year. Ephemeral streambeds are located above
the water table year‐round. Groundwater is not a source of water for the stream. Runoff from
rainfall is the primary source of water for stream flow.
Eutrophic lake: A lake that has a high concentration of plant nutrients such as nitrogen and
phosphorus.
Facultative wetland (FACW): Wetland indicator category; species usually occurs in wetlands
(estimated probability 67–99%) but occasionally found in non‐wetlands.
Flat: A level landform composed of unconsolidated sediments usually mud or sand. Flats may
be irregularly shaped or elongate and continuous with the shore, whereas bars are generally
elongate, parallel to the shore, and separated from the shore by water.
Floating plant: A non‐anchored plant that floats freely in the water or on the surface; e.g.,
water hyacinth (Eichhornia crassipes) or common duckweed (Lemna minor).
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Old Durham Wood Expansion Site
Floating‐leaved plant: A rooted, herbaceous hydrophyte with some leaves floating on the
water surface; e.g., white water lily (Nymphaea odorata), floating‐leaved pondweed
(Potamogeton natans). Plants such as yellow water lily (Nuphar luteum) which sometimes has
leaves raised above the surface are considered floating leaved plants or emergents, depending
on their growth habit at a particular site.
Freshwater Emergent Wetland: Fresh emergent wetlands are characterized by erect, rooted
herbaceous hydrophytes and are flooded frequently enough that the roots of the plants
flourish in an anaerobic environment. They are most common on gently rolling topography yet
also occur in depressions at the edges of rivers and lakes. Supportive soils tend to contain high
amounts of silt and clay with coarser sediments and organic matter intermixed. Characteristic
plant species include cattails (Typha sp.) and rushes (Scirpus sp.).
Gravel: A mixture composed primarily of rock fragments 2mm (0 .08 inch) to 7.6 cm (3 inches)
in diameter. Usually contains much sand.
Growing season: The frost‐free period of the year (see U.S. Department of Interior, National
Atlas 1970:110‐111 for generalized regional delineation).
Herbaceous: With the characteristics of an herb; a plant with no persistent woody stem above
ground.
Hydric soil: Soil is hydric that is saturated, flooded, or ponded long enough during the growing
season to develop anaerobic (oxygen‐depleted) conditions in its upper part (i.e., within the
shallow rooting zone of herbaceous plants).
Hydrophyte, hydrophytic: Any plant growing in water or on a substrate that is at least
periodically deficient in oxygen as a result of excessive water content.
Hyperconcentrated flow: Suspension flow with large suspended sediment concentrations (i.e.,
greater than 1–3%).
Intermittent stream: An intermittent stream has flowing water during certain times of the
year, when groundwater provides water for stream flow. During dry periods, intermittent
streams may not have flowing water. Runoff from rainfall is a supplemental source of water for
stream flow.
Jurisdictional Wetland: Sites that meet the definition of wetland provided below and that fall
under COE regulations pursuant to Section 404 of the CWA are considered jurisdictional
wetlands.
Lacustrine: The Lacustrine System includes wetlands and deepwater habitats with all of the
following characteristics: (1) situated in a topographic depression or a dammed river channel;
(2) lacking trees, shrubs, persistent emergents, emergent mosses or lichens with greater than
30% areal coverage; and (3) total area exceeds 8 ha (20 acres). Similar wetland and deepwater
habitats totaling less than 8 ha are also included in the Lacustrine System if an active wave‐
formed or bedrock shoreline feature makes up all or part of the boundary, or if the water depth
in the deepest part of the basin exceeds 2 m (6.6 feet) at low water. Lacustrine waters may be
tidal or non‐tidal, but ocean‐derived salinity is always less than 0.5 parts per thousand.
Litter: Organic debris oriented to flow direction(s) (small twigs and leaves).
Macrophytic algae: Algal plants large enough either as individuals or communities to be
readily visible without the aid of optical magnification.
Man‐induced wetlands: A man‐induced wetland is an area that has developed at least some
characteristics of naturally occurring wetlands due to either intentional or incidental human
activities.
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Old Durham Wood Expansion Site
Mesophyte, mesophytic: Any plant growing where moisture and aeration conditions lie
between extremes. (Plants typically found in habitats with average moisture conditions, not
usually dry or wet.)
Non‐persistent emergent: Emergent hydrophytes whose leaves and stems break down at the
end of the growing season so that most above‐ground portions of the plants are easily
transported by currents, waves, or ice. The breakdown may result from normal decay or the
physical force of strong waves or ice. At certain seasons of the year there are no visible traces
of the plants above the surface of the water; e.g., wild rice (Zizania aquatica), arrow arum
(Peltandra virginica).
Non‐Relatively Permanent Water: A non‐relatively permanent water (NRPW) is defined as a
tributary that is not a TNW and that typically flows for periods for less than 3 months. NRPWs
are jurisdictional when the have a documented significant nexus to TNWs. All NRPWs must also
contain appropriate morphology of bed, bank and scour and be clearly connected to a TNW.
Normal circumstances: This term refers to the soil and hydrologic conditions that are normally
present, without regard to whether the vegetation has been removed.
Obligate hydrophytes: Species that are found only in wetlands e.g., cattail (Typha latifolia) as
opposed to ubiquitous species that grow either in wetland or on upland‐e .g., red maple (Acer
rubrum).
Obligate wetland (OBL): Wetland indicator category; species occurs almost always (estimated
probability 99%) under natural conditions in wetlands.
Other Waters of the United States: Other waters of the United States are seasonal or
perennial water bodies, including lakes, stream channels, drainages, ponds, and other surface
water features, that exhibit an ordinary high‐water mark but lack positive indicators for one or
more of the three wetland parameters (hydrophytic vegetation, hydric soil, and wetland
hydrology) (33 CFR 328.4).
Palustrine: the Palustrine System includes all non‐tidal wetlands dominated by trees, shrubs,
persistent emergents, emergent mosses or lichens, and all such wetlands that occur in tidal
areas where salinity due to ocean derived salts is below 0.5 parts per thousand. It also includes
wetlands lacking such vegetation, but with all of the following four characteristics: (1) area less
than 8 ha (20 acres); (2) active wave‐formed or bedrock shoreline features lacking; (3) water
depth in the deepest part of basin less than 2 m (6.6 feet) at low water; and (4) salinity due to
ocean‐derived salts is less than 0.5 parts per thousand.
Perennial stream: A perennial stream has flowing water year‐round during a typical year. The
water table is located above the stream bed for most of the year. Groundwater is the primary
source of water for stream flow. Runoff from rainfall is a supplemental source of water for
stream flow.
Persistent emergent: Emergent hydrophytes that normally remain standing at least until the
beginning of the next growing season; e.g. ., cattails (Typha spp.) or bulrushes (Scirpus spp.).
Pioneer species: A species that colonizes a previously uncolonized area.
Ponded: Ponding is a condition in which free water covers the soil surface (e.g., in a closed
depression) and is removed only by percolation, evaporation, or transpiration.
Problem area: Problem areas are those where one or more wetland parameters may be
lacking because of normal seasonal or annual variations in environmental conditions that result
from causes other than human activities or catastrophic natural events.
Rating curve: A curve that illustrates the relationship between depth (stage) and the amount
of flow (discharge) in a channel.
Reach: A segment of a stream channel.
Draft Delineation of Waters of the U.S. Page | 17
Old Durham Wood Expansion Site
Ruderals: Disturbance‐adapted herbaceous plant.
Scour: Soil and debris movement.
Sheetflood: Sheet of unconfined floodwater moving down a slope; a relatively low‐frequency,
high‐magnitude event.
Sheetflow: Overland flow occurring in a continuous sheet; a relatively high‐frequency, low‐
magnitude event.
Shift‐adjusted rating curve: A curve that reflects changes (shifts) in the rating for a gage.
Ratings may change due to erosion or deposition within the streambed or growth of riparian
vegetation.
Shrub: A woody plant which at maturity is usually less than 6 m(20 feet) tall and generally
exhibits several erect, spreading, or prostrate stems and has a bushy appearance ; e.g.,
speckled alder (Alnus rugosa) or buttonbush (Cephalanthus occidentalis).
Stream power: The rate of doing work, or a measure of the energy available for moving rock,
sediment, or woody or other debris in a stream channel, as determined by discharge, water
surface slope, and the specific weight of water.
Succession: Changes in the composition or structure of an ecological community.
Stone: Rock fragments larger than 25 .4 cm (10 inches) but less than 60 .4 cm (24 inches).
Submergent plant: Avascular or nonvascular hydrophyte, either rooted or non‐rooted, which
lies entirely beneath the water surface, except for flowering parts in some species; e.g., wild
celery (Vallisneria americana) or the stoneworts (Chara spp.).
Traditional Navigable Waters (TNWs): “[a]ll waters which are currently used, or were used in
the past, or may be susceptible to use in interstate or foreign commerce, including all waters
which are subject to the ebb and flow of the tide.” These waters are referred to in this
guidance as traditional navigable waters. The traditional navigable waters include all of the
“navigable waters of the United States,” as defined in 33 C.F.R. Part 329 and by numerous
decisions of the federal courts, plus all other waters that are navigable‐in‐fact (for example, the
Great Salt Lake, UT, and Lake Minnetonka, MN). Thus, the traditional navigable waters include,
but are not limited to, the “navigable waters of the United States” within the meaning of
Section 10 of the Rivers and Harbors Act of 1899 (also known as “Section 10 waters”).
Transmission loss: Loss of discharge due to infiltration of flow into the channel bed and banks.
Tree: A woody plant which at maturity is usually 6 m (20 feet) or more in height and generally
has a single trunk, unbranched for 1 m or more above the ground, and a more or less definite
crown; e.g., red maple (Acer rubrum), northern white cedar (Thuja occidentalis).
Wash: Broad gravelly dry bed of an intermittent stream.
Water table: The upper surface of a zone of saturation. No water table exists where that
surface is formed by an impermeable body (Langbein and Iseri 1960:21).
Waters of the United States: This is the encompassing term for areas under federal jurisdiction
pursuant to Section 404 of the CWA. Waters of the United States are divided into “wetlands”
and “other waters of the United States”.
Watershed (drainage basin): An area of land that drains to a single outlet and is separated
from other watersheds by a divide.
Wetland: Wetlands are defined as “areas that are inundated or saturated by surface or ground
water at a frequency and duration sufficient to support, and that under normal circumstances
do support, a prevalence of vegetation typically adapted for life in saturated soil conditions”
(33 CFR 328.3 [b], 40 CFR 230.3). To be considered under federal jurisdiction, a wetland must
support positive indicators for hydrophytic vegetation, hydric soil, and wetland hydrology.
Draft Delineation of Waters of the U.S. Page | 18
Old Durham Wood Expansion Site
Woody plant: A seed plant (gymnosperm or angiosperm) that develops persistent, hard,
fibrous tissues, basically xylem; e.g., trees and shrubs.
Xeric: Relating or adapted to an extremely dry habitat
Draft Delineation of Waters of the U.S. Page | 19
Old Durham Wood Expansion Site
References
Cheatham, N.H., and J.R. Haller. 1975. An annotated list of California habitat types. Univ. of California
Natural Land and Water Reserve System, unpubl. manuscript.
Cowardin, Lewis M., Virginia Carter, Francis C. Golet and Edward T. LaRoe. 1979. Classification of
Wetlands and Deepwater Habitats of the United States. U.S. Department of the Interior, Fish and
Wildlife Service, Washington D.C.
Curtis, Katherine E., Robert W. Lichvar, Lindsey E. Dixon. 2011. Ordinary High Flows and the Stage‐
Discharge Relationship in the Arid West Region (Technical Report). U.S. Army Engineer Research
and Development Center, Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory, Hanover, NH
Environmental Laboratory 1987. U.S. Army Corps of Engineers wetlands delineation manual. (Technical
Report Y‐87‐1). U.S. Army Waterways Experiment Station. Vicksburg, MS.
Federal Interagency Committee for Wetland Delineation. 1989. Federal manual for identifying and
delineating jurisdictional wetlands. (Cooperative Technical Publication). U.S. Army Corps of
Engineers, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, and U.S. Soil
Conservation Service. Washington, DC.
Lichvar, R.W., and J.S. Wakeley, ed. 2004. Review of Ordinary High Water Mark indicators for delineating
arid streams in the southwestern United States. ERDC/CRREL TR‐04‐1. Hanover, NH: U.S. Army
Engineer Research and Development Center, Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory.
(http://www.crrel.usace.army.mil/techpub/CRREL _Reports/reports/TR04‐21.pdf).
Lichvar, R.W., D. Finnegan, M. Ericsson, and W. Ochs. 2006. Distribution of Ordinary High Water Mark
(OHWM) indicators and their reliability in identifying the limits of “Waters of the United States” in
arid southwestern channels. ERDC/CRREL TR‐06‐5. Hanover, NH:
U.S. Army Engineer Research and Development Center, Cold Regions Research and Engineering
Laboratory. (http://www.crrel.usace.army.mil/techpub/CRREL_Reports/ reports/TR06‐5.pdf).
Mayer, K.E. and W.F. Laudenslayer. 1988. A Guide to Wildlife Habitats of California. California
Department of Forestry and Fire Protection. Sacramento, CA.
Reed, P.B., Jr. 1988. National list of plant species that occur in wetlands: California (Region 0). US. Fish
and Wildl. Serv. Biol. Rep. 88(26.10) 135pp.
Soil Survey Staff. 2010. Keys to Soil Taxonomy, 11th ed. USDA‐Natural Resources Conservation Service,
Washington, DC.
U.S. Army Corps of Engineers. 2008. Regional supplement to the Corps of Engineers Wetland Delineation
Manual: Arid West Region. J.S. Wakeley, R.W. Lichvar, and C.V. Noble, ed. ERDC/EL TR‐06‐16.
Vicksburg, MS: U.S. Army Engineer Research and Development Center, Environmental Laboratory.
U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, South Pacific Division. 2001. Final summary report: Guidelines for
jurisdictional determinations for water of the United States in the arid Southwest. San Francisco,
CA: U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, South Pacific Division.
(http://www.spl.usace.army.mil/regulatory/lad.htm).
United States Department of Agriculture, Natural Resources Conservation Service. National soil survey
handbook, title 430‐VI. http://soils.usda.gov/
Draft Delineation of Waters of the U.S. Page | 20
Old Durham Wood Expansion Site
United States Department of Agriculture, Natural Resources Conservation Service. 2006. Land resource
regions and major land resource areas of the United States, the Caribbean, and the Pacific Basin.
U.S. Department of Agriculture Handbook 296. http://soils.usda.gov/
Western Regional Climate Center, http://www.wrcc.dri.edu/ site accessed on June 20, 2013.
Wetland Training Institute. 1995. Field guide for wetland delineation: 1987 Corps of Engineers manual.
(WTI 95‐3). Poolesville, MD.
Draft Delineation of Waters of the U.S. Appendix A
Old Durham Wood Expansion Site
Appendix A: Wetland Delineation Data Sheets
Draft Delineation of Waters of the U.S. Appendix B
Old Durham Wood Expansion Site
Appendix B: Soils Map and Soil Series Descriptions
United States
Department of
Agriculture
A product of the National
Cooperative Soil Survey,
a joint effort of the United
States Department of
Agriculture and other
Federal agencies, State
agencies including the
Agricultural Experiment
Stations, and local
participants
Custom Soil Resource
Report for
Butte Area, California,
Parts of Butte and
Plumas Counties
Old Durham Wood Project
Natural
Resources
Conservation
Service
June 14, 2013
Preface
Soil surveys contain information that affects land use planning in survey areas. They
highlight soil limitations that affect various land uses and provide information about
the properties of the soils in the survey areas. Soil surveys are designed for many
different users, including farmers, ranchers, foresters, agronomists, urban planners,
community officials, engineers, developers, builders, and home buyers. Also,
conservationists, teachers, students, and specialists in recreation, waste disposal,
and pollution control can use the surveys to help them understand, protect, or enhance
the environment.
Various land use regulations of Federal, State, and local governments may impose
special restrictions on land use or land treatment. Soil surveys identify soil properties
that are used in making various land use or land treatment decisions. The information
is intended to help the land users identify and reduce the effects of soil limitations on
various land uses. The landowner or user is responsible for identifying and complying
with existing laws and regulations.
Although soil survey information can be used for general farm, local, and wider area
planning, onsite investigation is needed to supplement this information in some cases.
Examples include soil quality assessments (http://soils.usda.gov/sqi/) and certain
conservation and engineering applications. For more detailed information, contact
your local USDA Service Center (http://offices.sc.egov.usda.gov/locator/app?
agency=nrcs) or your NRCS State Soil Scientist (http://soils.usda.gov/contact/
state_offices/).
Great differences in soil properties can occur within short distances. Some soils are
seasonally wet or subject to flooding. Some are too unstable to be used as a
foundation for buildings or roads. Clayey or wet soils are poorly suited to use as septic
tank absorption fields. A high water table makes a soil poorly suited to basements or
underground installations.
The National Cooperative Soil Survey is a joint effort of the United States Department
of Agriculture and other Federal agencies, State agencies including the Agricultural
Experiment Stations, and local agencies. The Natural Resources Conservation
Service (NRCS) has leadership for the Federal part of the National Cooperative Soil
Survey.
Information about soils is updated periodically. Updated information is available
through the NRCS Soil Data Mart Web site or the NRCS Web Soil Survey. The Soil
Data Mart is the data storage site for the official soil survey information.
The U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) prohibits discrimination in all its programs
and activities on the basis of race, color, national origin, age, disability, and where
applicable, sex, marital status, familial status, parental status, religion, sexual
orientation, genetic information, political beliefs, reprisal, or because all or a part of an
individual's income is derived from any public assistance program. (Not all prohibited
bases apply to all programs.) Persons with disabilities who require alternative means
2
for communication of program information (Braille, large print, audiotape, etc.) should
contact USDA's TARGET Center at (202) 720-2600 (voice and TDD). To file a
complaint of discrimination, write to USDA, Director, Office of Civil Rights, 1400
Independence Avenue, S.W., Washington, D.C. 20250-9410 or call (800) 795-3272
(voice) or (202) 720-6382 (TDD). USDA is an equal opportunity provider and
employer.
3
Contents
Preface....................................................................................................................2
How Soil Surveys Are Made..................................................................................5
Soil Map..................................................................................................................7
Soil Map................................................................................................................8
Legend..................................................................................................................9
Map Unit Legend................................................................................................10
Map Unit Descriptions........................................................................................10
Butte Area, California, Parts of Butte and Plumas Counties...........................12
614—DOEMILL-JOKERST COMPLEX, 0 TO 3 PERCENT SLOPES........12
615—DOEMILL-JOKERST COMPLEX, 3 TO 8 PERCENT SLOPES........14
616—JOKERST-DOEMILL-TYPIC HAPLOXERALFS COMPLEX, 8 TO
15 PERCENT SLOPES........................................................................16
References............................................................................................................19
4
How Soil Surveys Are Made
Soil surveys are made to provide information about the soils and miscellaneous areas
in a specific area. They include a description of the soils and miscellaneous areas and
their location on the landscape and tables that show soil properties and limitations
affecting various uses. Soil scientists observed the steepness, length, and shape of
the slopes; the general pattern of drainage; the kinds of crops and native plants; and
the kinds of bedrock. They observed and described many soil profiles. A soil profile is
the sequence of natural layers, or horizons, in a soil. The profile extends from the
surface down into the unconsolidated material in which the soil formed or from the
surface down to bedrock. The unconsolidated material is devoid of roots and other
living organisms and has not been changed by other biological activity.
Currently, soils are mapped according to the boundaries of major land resource areas
(MLRAs). MLRAs are geographically associated land resource units that share
common characteristics related to physiography, geology, climate, water resources,
soils, biological resources, and land uses (USDA, 2006). Soil survey areas typically
consist of parts of one or more MLRA.
The soils and miscellaneous areas in a survey area occur in an orderly pattern that is
related to the geology, landforms, relief, climate, and natural vegetation of the area.
Each kind of soil and miscellaneous area is associated with a particular kind of
landform or with a segment of the landform. By observing the soils and miscellaneous
areas in the survey area and relating their position to specific segments of the
landform, a soil scientist develops a concept, or model, of how they were formed. Thus,
during mapping, this model enables the soil scientist to predict with a considerable
degree of accuracy the kind of soil or miscellaneous area at a specific location on the
landscape.
Commonly, individual soils on the landscape merge into one another as their
characteristics gradually change. To construct an accurate soil map, however, soil
scientists must determine the boundaries between the soils. They can observe only
a limited number of soil profiles. Nevertheless, these observations, supplemented by
an understanding of the soil-vegetation-landscape relationship, are sufficient to verify
predictions of the kinds of soil in an area and to determine the boundaries.
Soil scientists recorded the characteristics of the soil profiles that they studied. They
noted soil color, texture, size and shape of soil aggregates, kind and amount of rock
fragments, distribution of plant roots, reaction, and other features that enable them to
identify soils. After describing the soils in the survey area and determining their
properties, the soil scientists assigned the soils to taxonomic classes (units).
Taxonomic classes are concepts. Each taxonomic class has a set of soil
characteristics with precisely defined limits. The classes are used as a basis for
comparison to classify soils systematically. Soil taxonomy, the system of taxonomic
classification used in the United States, is based mainly on the kind and character of
soil properties and the arrangement of horizons within the profile. After the soil
scientists classified and named the soils in the survey area, they compared the
5
individual soils with similar soils in the same taxonomic class in other areas so that
they could confirm data and assemble additional data based on experience and
research.
The objective of soil mapping is not to delineate pure map unit components; the
objective is to separate the landscape into landforms or landform segments that have
similar use and management requirements. Each map unit is defined by a unique
combination of soil components and/or miscellaneous areas in predictable
proportions. Some components may be highly contrasting to the other components of
the map unit. The presence of minor components in a map unit in no way diminishes
the usefulness or accuracy of the data. The delineation of such landforms and
landform segments on the map provides sufficient information for the development of
resource plans. If intensive use of small areas is planned, onsite investigation is
needed to define and locate the soils and miscellaneous areas.
Soil scientists make many field observations in the process of producing a soil map.
The frequency of observation is dependent upon several factors, including scale of
mapping, intensity of mapping, design of map units, complexity of the landscape, and
experience of the soil scientist. Observations are made to test and refine the soil-
landscape model and predictions and to verify the classification of the soils at specific
locations. Once the soil-landscape model is refined, a significantly smaller number of
measurements of individual soil properties are made and recorded. These
measurements may include field measurements, such as those for color, depth to
bedrock, and texture, and laboratory measurements, such as those for content of
sand, silt, clay, salt, and other components. Properties of each soil typically vary from
one point to another across the landscape.
Observations for map unit components are aggregated to develop ranges of
characteristics for the components. The aggregated values are presented. Direct
measurements do not exist for every property presented for every map unit
component. Values for some properties are estimated from combinations of other
properties.
While a soil survey is in progress, samples of some of the soils in the area generally
are collected for laboratory analyses and for engineering tests. Soil scientists interpret
the data from these analyses and tests as well as the field-observed characteristics
and the soil properties to determine the expected behavior of the soils under different
uses. Interpretations for all of the soils are field tested through observation of the soils
in different uses and under different levels of management. Some interpretations are
modified to fit local conditions, and some new interpretations are developed to meet
local needs. Data are assembled from other sources, such as research information,
production records, and field experience of specialists. For example, data on crop
yields under defined levels of management are assembled from farm records and from
field or plot experiments on the same kinds of soil.
Predictions about soil behavior are based not only on soil properties but also on such
variables as climate and biological activity. Soil conditions are predictable over long
periods of time, but they are not predictable from year to year. For example, soil
scientists can predict with a fairly high degree of accuracy that a given soil will have
a high water table within certain depths in most years, but they cannot predict that a
high water table will always be at a specific level in the soil on a specific date.
After soil scientists located and identified the significant natural bodies of soil in the
survey area, they drew the boundaries of these bodies on aerial photographs and
identified each as a specific map unit. Aerial photographs show trees, buildings, fields,
roads, and rivers, all of which help in locating boundaries accurately.
Custom Soil Resource Report
6
Soil Map
The soil map section includes the soil map for the defined area of interest, a list of soil
map units on the map and extent of each map unit, and cartographic symbols
displayed on the map. Also presented are various metadata about data used to
produce the map, and a description of each soil map unit.
7
Or
o
v
i
l
l
e
C
h
i
c
o
H
w
y
615
614
614
616
614
616
616
615
607400
607400
607500
607500
607600
607600
607700
607700
607800
607800
607900
607900
608000
608000
608100
608100
608200
608200
608300
608300
608400
608400
43
9
0
4
0
0
43
9
0
4
0
0
43
9
0
5
0
0
43
9
0
5
0
0
43
9
0
6
0
0
43
9
0
6
0
0
43
9
0
7
0
0
43
9
0
7
0
0
43
9
0
8
0
0
43
9
0
8
0
0
43
9
0
9
0
0
43
9
0
9
0
0
43
9
1
0
0
0
43
9
1
0
0
0
43
9
1
1
0
0
43
9
1
1
0
0
0 600 1,200 1,800300Feet
0 100 200 30050
Meters±
39° 39' 46''
12
1
°
4
4
'
7
'
'
39° 39' 21''
12
1
°
4
4
'
8
'
'
39° 39' 22''
39° 39' 47''
12
1
°
4
4
'
5
5
'
'
12
1
°
4
4
'
5
5
'
'
Map Scale: 1:5,440 if printed on A size (8.5" x 11") sheet.
Custom Soil Resource ReportSoil Map
MAP LEGEND MAP INFORMATION
Area of Interest (AOI)
Area of Interest (AOI)
Soils
Soil Map Units
Special Point Features
Blowout
Borrow Pit
Clay Spot
Closed Depression
Gravel Pit
Gravelly Spot
Landfill
Lava Flow
Marsh or swamp
Mine or Quarry
Miscellaneous Water
Perennial Water
Rock Outcrop
Saline Spot
Sandy Spot
Severely Eroded Spot
Sinkhole
Slide or Slip
Sodic Spot
Spoil Area
Stony Spot
Very Stony Spot
Wet Spot
Other
Special Line Features
Gully
Short Steep Slope
Other
Political Features
Cities
Water Features
Streams and Canals
Transportation
Rails
Interstate Highways
US Routes
Major Roads
Local Roads
Map Scale: 1:5,440 if printed on A size (8.5" × 11") sheet.
The soil surveys that comprise your AOI were mapped at 1:24,000.
Warning: Soil Map may not be valid at this scale.
Enlargement of maps beyond the scale of mapping can cause
misunderstanding of the detail of mapping and accuracy of soil line
placement. The maps do not show the small areas of contrasting
soils that could have been shown at a more detailed scale.
Please rely on the bar scale on each map sheet for accurate map
measurements.
Source of Map: Natural Resources Conservation Service
Web Soil Survey URL: http://websoilsurvey.nrcs.usda.gov
Coordinate System: UTM Zone 10N NAD83
This product is generated from the USDA-NRCS certified data as of
the version date(s) listed below.
Soil Survey Area: Butte Area, California, Parts of Butte and
Plumas Counties
Survey Area Data: Version 9, Jun 2, 2009
Date(s) aerial images were photographed: 9/29/2005
The orthophoto or other base map on which the soil lines were
compiled and digitized probably differs from the background
imagery displayed on these maps. As a result, some minor shifting
of map unit boundaries may be evident.
Custom Soil Resource Report
Map Unit Legend
Butte Area, California, Parts of Butte and Plumas Counties (CA612)
Map Unit Symbol Map Unit Name Acres in AOI Percent of AOI
614 DOEMILL-JOKERST COMPLEX, 0 TO 3 PERCENT
SLOPES
14.4 30.9%
615 DOEMILL-JOKERST COMPLEX, 3 TO 8 PERCENT
SLOPES
26.9 57.6%
616 JOKERST-DOEMILL-TYPIC HAPLOXERALFS
COMPLEX, 8 TO 15 PERCENT SLOPES
5.4 11.5%
Totals for Area of Interest 46.7 100.0%
Map Unit Descriptions
The map units delineated on the detailed soil maps in a soil survey represent the soils
or miscellaneous areas in the survey area. The map unit descriptions, along with the
maps, can be used to determine the composition and properties of a unit.
A map unit delineation on a soil map represents an area dominated by one or more
major kinds of soil or miscellaneous areas. A map unit is identified and named
according to the taxonomic classification of the dominant soils. Within a taxonomic
class there are precisely defined limits for the properties of the soils. On the landscape,
however, the soils are natural phenomena, and they have the characteristic variability
of all natural phenomena. Thus, the range of some observed properties may extend
beyond the limits defined for a taxonomic class. Areas of soils of a single taxonomic
class rarely, if ever, can be mapped without including areas of other taxonomic
classes. Consequently, every map unit is made up of the soils or miscellaneous areas
for which it is named and some minor components that belong to taxonomic classes
other than those of the major soils.
Most minor soils have properties similar to those of the dominant soil or soils in the
map unit, and thus they do not affect use and management. These are called
noncontrasting, or similar, components. They may or may not be mentioned in a
particular map unit description. Other minor components, however, have properties
and behavioral characteristics divergent enough to affect use or to require different
management. These are called contrasting, or dissimilar, components. They generally
are in small areas and could not be mapped separately because of the scale used.
Some small areas of strongly contrasting soils or miscellaneous areas are identified
by a special symbol on the maps. If included in the database for a given area, the
contrasting minor components are identified in the map unit descriptions along with
some characteristics of each. A few areas of minor components may not have been
observed, and consequently they are not mentioned in the descriptions, especially
where the pattern was so complex that it was impractical to make enough observations
to identify all the soils and miscellaneous areas on the landscape.
The presence of minor components in a map unit in no way diminishes the usefulness
or accuracy of the data. The objective of mapping is not to delineate pure taxonomic
classes but rather to separate the landscape into landforms or landform segments that
have similar use and management requirements. The delineation of such segments
Custom Soil Resource Report
10
on the map provides sufficient information for the development of resource plans. If
intensive use of small areas is planned, however, onsite investigation is needed to
define and locate the soils and miscellaneous areas.
An identifying symbol precedes the map unit name in the map unit descriptions. Each
description includes general facts about the unit and gives important soil properties
and qualities.
Soils that have profiles that are almost alike make up a soil series. Except for
differences in texture of the surface layer, all the soils of a series have major horizons
that are similar in composition, thickness, and arrangement.
Soils of one series can differ in texture of the surface layer, slope, stoniness, salinity,
degree of erosion, and other characteristics that affect their use. On the basis of such
differences, a soil series is divided into soil phases. Most of the areas shown on the
detailed soil maps are phases of soil series. The name of a soil phase commonly
indicates a feature that affects use or management. For example, Alpha silt loam, 0
to 2 percent slopes, is a phase of the Alpha series.
Some map units are made up of two or more major soils or miscellaneous areas.
These map units are complexes, associations, or undifferentiated groups.
A complex consists of two or more soils or miscellaneous areas in such an intricate
pattern or in such small areas that they cannot be shown separately on the maps. The
pattern and proportion of the soils or miscellaneous areas are somewhat similar in all
areas. Alpha-Beta complex, 0 to 6 percent slopes, is an example.
An association is made up of two or more geographically associated soils or
miscellaneous areas that are shown as one unit on the maps. Because of present or
anticipated uses of the map units in the survey area, it was not considered practical
or necessary to map the soils or miscellaneous areas separately. The pattern and
relative proportion of the soils or miscellaneous areas are somewhat similar. Alpha-
Beta association, 0 to 2 percent slopes, is an example.
An undifferentiated group is made up of two or more soils or miscellaneous areas that
could be mapped individually but are mapped as one unit because similar
interpretations can be made for use and management. The pattern and proportion of
the soils or miscellaneous areas in a mapped area are not uniform. An area can be
made up of only one of the major soils or miscellaneous areas, or it can be made up
of all of them. Alpha and Beta soils, 0 to 2 percent slopes, is an example.
Some surveys include miscellaneous areas. Such areas have little or no soil material
and support little or no vegetation. Rock outcrop is an example.
Custom Soil Resource Report
11
Butte Area, California, Parts of Butte and Plumas Counties
614—DOEMILL-JOKERST COMPLEX, 0 TO 3 PERCENT SLOPES
Map Unit Setting
Landscape:Foothills
Elevation:160 to 520 feet
Mean annual precipitation:25 to 29 inches
Mean annual air temperature:61 to 63 degrees F
Frost-free period:250 to 255 days
Map Unit Composition
Doemill, gravelly loam, and similar soils:50 percent
Jokerst, very cobbly loam, and similar soils:40 percent
Minor components:10 percent
Description of Doemill, Gravelly Loam
Setting
Landform:Ridges
Landform position (two-dimensional):Summit
Landform position (three-dimensional):Crest
Microfeatures of landform position:Mounds
Down-slope shape:Linear
Across-slope shape:Linear
Parent material:Loamy residuum weathered from volcanic breccia
Properties and qualities
Slope:0 to 3 percent
Surface area covered with cobbles, stones or boulders:5.0 percent
Depth to restrictive feature:10 to 20 inches to lithic bedrock
Drainage class:Somewhat poorly drained
Capacity of the most limiting layer to transmit water (Ksat):Moderately high (0.43 to
1.28 in/hr)
Depth to water table:About 2 to 20 inches
Frequency of flooding:None
Frequency of ponding:None
Available water capacity:Very low (about 2.1 inches)
Interpretive groups
Farmland classification:Not prime farmland
Land capability classification (irrigated):6s
Land capability (nonirrigated):6s
Hydrologic Soil Group:D
Ecological site:SHALLOW LOAMY (R018XD076CA)
Typical profile
0 to 1 inches:Gravelly loam
1 to 5 inches:Gravelly loam
5 to 9 inches:Gravelly loam
9 to 14 inches:Gravelly loam
14 to Bedrock
Custom Soil Resource Report
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Description of Jokerst, Very Cobbly Loam
Setting
Landform:Ridges
Landform position (two-dimensional):Summit
Landform position (three-dimensional):Crest
Microfeatures of landform position:Swales
Down-slope shape:Linear
Across-slope shape:Linear
Parent material:Loamy residuum weathered from volcanic breccia
Properties and qualities
Slope:0 to 3 percent
Surface area covered with cobbles, stones or boulders:17.0 percent
Depth to restrictive feature:2 to 10 inches to lithic bedrock
Drainage class:Poorly drained
Capacity of the most limiting layer to transmit water (Ksat):Moderately high (0.71 to
1.13 in/hr)
Depth to water table:About 0 to 10 inches
Frequency of flooding:Frequent
Frequency of ponding:Frequent
Available water capacity:Very low (about 0.4 inches)
Interpretive groups
Farmland classification:Not prime farmland
Land capability classification (irrigated):8
Land capability (nonirrigated):8
Hydrologic Soil Group:D
Ecological site:VERY STONY SHALLOW LOAM (R018XD099CA)
Typical profile
0 to 1 inches:Very cobbly loam
1 to 4 inches:Gravelly loam
4 to Bedrock
Minor Components
Rock outcrop, mudflow breccia
Percent of map unit:5 percent
Landform:Ridges
Lithic xerorthents
Percent of map unit:3 percent
Landform:Ridges
Unnamed, frequent long ponding
Percent of map unit:2 percent
Landform:Ridges
Microfeatures of landform position:Vernal pools
Custom Soil Resource Report
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615—DOEMILL-JOKERST COMPLEX, 3 TO 8 PERCENT SLOPES
Map Unit Setting
Landscape:Foothills
Elevation:160 to 1,000 feet
Mean annual precipitation:25 to 29 inches
Mean annual air temperature:61 to 63 degrees F
Frost-free period:250 to 255 days
Map Unit Composition
Doemill, gravelly loam, and similar soils:50 percent
Jokerst, very cobbly loam, and similar soils:40 percent
Minor components:10 percent
Description of Doemill, Gravelly Loam
Setting
Landform:Ridges
Landform position (two-dimensional):Summit
Landform position (three-dimensional):Crest
Microfeatures of landform position:Mounds
Down-slope shape:Linear
Across-slope shape:Linear
Parent material:Loamy residuum weathered from volcanic breccia
Properties and qualities
Slope:3 to 8 percent
Surface area covered with cobbles, stones or boulders:5.0 percent
Depth to restrictive feature:10 to 20 inches to lithic bedrock
Drainage class:Somewhat poorly drained
Capacity of the most limiting layer to transmit water (Ksat):Moderately high (0.43 to
1.28 in/hr)
Depth to water table:About 2 to 20 inches
Frequency of flooding:None
Frequency of ponding:None
Available water capacity:Very low (about 2.1 inches)
Interpretive groups
Farmland classification:Not prime farmland
Land capability classification (irrigated):6e
Land capability (nonirrigated):6e
Hydrologic Soil Group:D
Ecological site:SHALLOW LOAMY (R018XD076CA)
Typical profile
0 to 1 inches:Gravelly loam
1 to 5 inches:Gravelly loam
5 to 9 inches:Gravelly loam
9 to 14 inches:Gravelly loam
Custom Soil Resource Report
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14 to Bedrock
Description of Jokerst, Very Cobbly Loam
Setting
Landform:Ridges
Landform position (two-dimensional):Summit
Landform position (three-dimensional):Crest
Microfeatures of landform position:Swales
Down-slope shape:Linear
Across-slope shape:Convex
Parent material:Loamy residuum weathered from volcanic breccia
Properties and qualities
Slope:3 to 8 percent
Surface area covered with cobbles, stones or boulders:17.0 percent
Depth to restrictive feature:2 to 10 inches to lithic bedrock
Drainage class:Poorly drained
Capacity of the most limiting layer to transmit water (Ksat):Moderately high (0.71 to
1.13 in/hr)
Depth to water table:About 0 to 10 inches
Frequency of flooding:Frequent
Frequency of ponding:Frequent
Available water capacity:Very low (about 0.4 inches)
Interpretive groups
Farmland classification:Not prime farmland
Land capability classification (irrigated):8
Land capability (nonirrigated):8
Hydrologic Soil Group:D
Ecological site:VERY STONY SHALLOW LOAM (R018XD099CA)
Typical profile
0 to 1 inches:Very cobbly loam
1 to 4 inches:Gravelly loam
4 to Bedrock
Minor Components
Rock outcrop, mudflow breccia
Percent of map unit:6 percent
Landform:Ridges
Lithic xerorthents
Percent of map unit:3 percent
Landform:Ridges
Unnamed, frequent long ponding
Percent of map unit:1 percent
Landform:Ridges
Microfeatures of landform position:Vernal pools
Custom Soil Resource Report
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616—JOKERST-DOEMILL-TYPIC HAPLOXERALFS COMPLEX, 8 TO 15
PERCENT SLOPES
Map Unit Setting
Landscape:Foothills
Elevation:160 to 1,120 feet
Mean annual precipitation:25 to 29 inches
Mean annual air temperature:61 to 63 degrees F
Frost-free period:250 to 255 days
Map Unit Composition
Jokerst, very cobbly loam, and similar soils:35 percent
Doemill, gravelly loam, and similar soils:35 percent
Typic haploxeralfs, gravelly loam, and similar soils:15 percent
Minor components:15 percent
Description of Doemill, Gravelly Loam
Setting
Landform:Ridges
Landform position (two-dimensional):Backslope, shoulder
Landform position (three-dimensional):Side slope
Down-slope shape:Concave
Across-slope shape:Linear
Parent material:Loamy residuum weathered from volcanic breccia
Properties and qualities
Slope:8 to 15 percent
Surface area covered with cobbles, stones or boulders:5.0 percent
Depth to restrictive feature:10 to 20 inches to lithic bedrock
Drainage class:Somewhat poorly drained
Capacity of the most limiting layer to transmit water (Ksat):Moderately high (0.43 to
1.28 in/hr)
Depth to water table:About 4 to 20 inches
Frequency of flooding:None
Frequency of ponding:None
Available water capacity:Very low (about 2.1 inches)
Interpretive groups
Farmland classification:Not prime farmland
Land capability classification (irrigated):6e
Land capability (nonirrigated):6e
Hydrologic Soil Group:D
Typical profile
0 to 1 inches:Gravelly loam
1 to 5 inches:Gravelly loam
5 to 9 inches:Gravelly loam
Custom Soil Resource Report
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9 to 14 inches:Gravelly loam
14 to Bedrock
Description of Jokerst, Very Cobbly Loam
Setting
Landform:Ridges
Landform position (two-dimensional):Shoulder, backslope
Landform position (three-dimensional):Side slope
Down-slope shape:Linear
Across-slope shape:Linear
Parent material:Loamy residuum weathered from volcanic breccia
Properties and qualities
Slope:8 to 15 percent
Surface area covered with cobbles, stones or boulders:17.0 percent
Depth to restrictive feature:2 to 10 inches to lithic bedrock
Drainage class:Poorly drained
Capacity of the most limiting layer to transmit water (Ksat):Moderately high (0.71 to
1.13 in/hr)
Depth to water table:About 0 to 10 inches
Frequency of flooding:None
Frequency of ponding:None
Available water capacity:Very low (about 0.4 inches)
Interpretive groups
Farmland classification:Not prime farmland
Land capability classification (irrigated):8
Land capability (nonirrigated):8
Hydrologic Soil Group:D
Typical profile
0 to 1 inches:Very cobbly loam
1 to 4 inches:Gravelly loam
4 to Bedrock
Description of Typic Haploxeralfs, Gravelly Loam
Setting
Landform:Ridges
Landform position (two-dimensional):Backslope, shoulder
Landform position (three-dimensional):Side slope
Down-slope shape:Concave
Across-slope shape:Concave
Parent material:Loamy colluvium derived from volcanic rock
Properties and qualities
Slope:8 to 15 percent
Surface area covered with cobbles, stones or boulders:4.0 percent
Depth to restrictive feature:20 to 60 inches to paralithic bedrock; 20 to 60 inches to
lithic bedrock
Drainage class:Well drained
Capacity of the most limiting layer to transmit water (Ksat):Moderately low to
moderately high (0.06 to 0.57 in/hr)
Depth to water table:More than 80 inches
Frequency of flooding:None
Frequency of ponding:None
Custom Soil Resource Report
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Available water capacity:Low (about 4.6 inches)
Interpretive groups
Farmland classification:Not prime farmland
Land capability classification (irrigated):3e
Land capability (nonirrigated):3e
Hydrologic Soil Group:B
Typical profile
0 to 2 inches:Gravelly loam
2 to 8 inches:Gravelly clay loam
8 to 16 inches:Very gravelly clay loam
16 to 27 inches:Very gravelly clay loam
27 to 40 inches:Very gravelly clay loam
40 to Bedrock
Minor Components
Rock outcrop, mudflow breccia
Percent of map unit:10 percent
Landform:Ridges
Lithic xerorthents
Percent of map unit:5 percent
Landform:Ridges
Custom Soil Resource Report
18
References
American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials (AASHTO). 2004.
Standard specifications for transportation materials and methods of sampling and
testing. 24th edition.
American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM). 2005. Standard classification of
soils for engineering purposes. ASTM Standard D2487-00.
Cowardin, L.M., V. Carter, F.C. Golet, and E.T. LaRoe. 1979. Classification of
wetlands and deep-water habitats of the United States. U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service
FWS/OBS-79/31.
Federal Register. July 13, 1994. Changes in hydric soils of the United States.
Federal Register. September 18, 2002. Hydric soils of the United States.
Hurt, G.W., and L.M. Vasilas, editors. Version 6.0, 2006. Field indicators of hydric soils
in the United States.
National Research Council. 1995. Wetlands: Characteristics and boundaries.
Soil Survey Division Staff. 1993. Soil survey manual. Soil Conservation Service. U.S.
Department of Agriculture Handbook 18. http://soils.usda.gov/
Soil Survey Staff. 1999. Soil taxonomy: A basic system of soil classification for making
and interpreting soil surveys. 2nd edition. Natural Resources Conservation Service,
U.S. Department of Agriculture Handbook 436. http://soils.usda.gov/
Soil Survey Staff. 2006. Keys to soil taxonomy. 10th edition. U.S. Department of
Agriculture, Natural Resources Conservation Service. http://soils.usda.gov/
Tiner, R.W., Jr. 1985. Wetlands of Delaware. U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service and
Delaware Department of Natural Resources and Environmental Control, Wetlands
Section.
United States Army Corps of Engineers, Environmental Laboratory. 1987. Corps of
Engineers wetlands delineation manual. Waterways Experiment Station Technical
Report Y-87-1.
United States Department of Agriculture, Natural Resources Conservation Service.
National forestry manual. http://soils.usda.gov/
United States Department of Agriculture, Natural Resources Conservation Service.
National range and pasture handbook. http://www.glti.nrcs.usda.gov/
United States Department of Agriculture, Natural Resources Conservation Service.
National soil survey handbook, title 430-VI. http://soils.usda.gov/
United States Department of Agriculture, Natural Resources Conservation Service.
2006. Land resource regions and major land resource areas of the United States, the
Caribbean, and the Pacific Basin. U.S. Department of Agriculture Handbook 296.
http://soils.usda.gov/
19
United States Department of Agriculture, Soil Conservation Service. 1961. Land
capability classification. U.S. Department of Agriculture Handbook 210.
Custom Soil Resource Report
20
Draft Delineation of Waters of the U.S. Appendix C
Old Durham Wood Expansion Site
Appendix C: Draft Wetland Delineation Map
TP10
TP08
TP09
TP07
TP06
TP05
TP04
TP03
TP02
TP01
U12
U11
U10 U09
U08
U07
U06
U05
U04
U03
U02
W12
W11
W10 W09
W08W07
W06W05
W04
W03
W02
U13
W13
W14
U14
!(
!(
!(!(
!(
!(
!(!(
!(!(!(
!(
!(
!(
!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(
!(!(!(!(!(
!(
!(!(!(!(
!(!(
!(!(
OW02
OW01
OW03OW04
WF11
WF09
WF03
WF04
WF07
WF02
WF10
WF06WF12
WF05
WF08
WF13
WF14
E Old Durham Wood
Draft Wetland Delineation
Appendix C
0 100 200 Feet
1:2,400
Data Sources: USDA (2012 Imagery)
Map Date: 06/17/13, Updated 10/14/13
¬«99
Oroville - Chico Highway
121°44'15.464"W
39°39'35.355"N
121°44'47.886"W
39°39'26.41"N
Project Area
Seasonal Swales- WF#
Other Waters of the U.S.- OW#
5 Foot Contours
Direction of FlowSoil Data Points
!(Test Pit- TP#
!(Upland- U#
!(Wetland- W#
All features are to be considered
preliminary until written verification
from the U.S. Army Corps of
Engineers.
Delineated By: K. Vail
Map By: A. Noel
Type Label Designation Width (ft) Length (ft) Area (sq ft) Acres
Other Water OW01 NRPW 3 205.8 617.4 0.014
Other Water OW02 NRPW 5 1652.6 8263.1 0.190
Other Water OW03 NRPW 5 89.9 449.6 0.010
Other Water OW04 NRPW 5 120.2 601.1 0.0142068.6 9931.2 0.228
Type Label Designation Width (ft) Length (ft) Area (sq ft) Acres
Seasonal Swale WF02 Abutting N/A N/A 1475.1 0.034
Seasonal Swale WF03 Adjacent N/A N/A 1721.0 0.040
Seasonal Swale WF04 Adjacent N/A N/A 10215.7 0.235
Seasonal Swale WF05 Adjacent N/A N/A 511.0 0.012
Seasonal Swale WF06 Adjacent N/A N/A 831.3 0.019
Seasonal Swale WF07 Adjacent N/A N/A 276.7 0.006
Seasonal Swale WF08 Adjacent N/A N/A 567.0 0.013
Seasonal Swale WF09 Adjacent N/A N/A 272.5 0.006
Seasonal Swale WF10 Adjacent N/A N/A 1933.3 0.044
Seasonal Swale WF11 Adjacent N/A N/A 5135.5 0.118
Seasonal Swale WF12 Adjacent N/A N/A 419.9 0.010
Seasonal Swale WF13 Adjacent N/A N/A 556.0 0.013
Seasonal Swale WF14 Adjacent N/A N/A 431.2 0.010N/A 24346.0 0.5592068.6 34277.2 0.787
Other Waters Totals=
Wetland Features
Other Waters of the U.S.
Wetland Features Totals=Other Waters and Wetland Features Totals=