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HomeMy WebLinkAboutUP15-0001_IS-MND_Final DEVELOPMENT SERVICES DEPARTMENT BUTTE COUNTY INITIAL STUDY AND PROPOSED MITIGATED NEGATIVE DECLARATION CONDITIONAL USE PERMIT - UP15-0001 (Verizon Wireless-Forest Ranch Baptist Church) Project Name: Verizon Wireless-Forest Ranch Baptist Church Conditional Use Permit, File # UP15-0001 ■ Butte County Department of Development Services ■ ■ Initial Study – UP15-0001 (Verizon Wireless-Forest Ranch Baptist Church) ■ Page 1 of 45 ■ COUNTY OF BUTTE DEPARTMENT OF DEVELOPMENT SERVICES INITIAL STUDY AND MITIGATED NEGATIVE DECLARATION FOR CONDITIONAL USE PERMIT - UP15-0001 (Verizon Wireless-Forest Ranch Baptist Church) 1.0 PROJECT INFORMATION A. Applicant/Owner: Sacramento Valley Limited Partnership dba Verizon Wireless; c/o: Complete Wireless Consulting (Applicant). Forest Ranch Baptist Church; c/o: Christopher Ross (Owner) B. Staff Contact: Rowland Hickel, Senior Planner; (530) 538-7150, rhickel@buttecounty.net C. Project Name: UP15-0001; Verizon Wireless-Forest Ranch Baptist Church Conditional Use Permit D. Project Location: The project site is located at 4955 Schott Road, off State Highway 32, in the community of Forest Ranch. Township 23N, Range 1W, Section 14; MDB&M. E. Type of Application: Conditional Use Permit F. Assessor Parcel Number: 063-210-013 G. Project Site Size: 3.87± acres H. Current Zoning: FR-5 (Foothill Residential, 5 acre minimum parcel size) I. General Plan Designation: FR (Foothill Residential) J. Environmental Setting: The subject property encompasses 3.87 acres situated immediately adjacent to the east side of State Highway 32, and north of Schott Road. The northern portion of the property is largely undeveloped, with the exception of transecting overhead power lines. The southern portion is developed with a 7,500 sq. ft. church with classrooms, 144 sq. ft. detached shed, 1,600 sq. ft. outdoor playground area, and parking area. Sewage disposal services for the church is provided on on-site septic systems. Topography of the project site is generally flat on the developed portions, and gently sloping in a southerly direction on the undeveloped portions. Sloped areas contain slopes that range between 2 to 5 percent, and is at an elevation of 2,578 feet above mean sea level (msl). Soils of the project site consist of a Paradiso Loam, 2 to 15 percent slopes. The Paradiso series has very deep, well drained soils that formed in weathered tephra over residuum form volcanic rocks. Paradiso soils are typically located on volcanic ridge tops in Cascade mountain range. Vegetation on the property consists of conifer trees with a shrub and herbaceous understory. The dominate species is Ponderosa pine, which generally occur at elevations between 2,000 and 7,000 feet, and include associated species, such as Douglas fir, sugar pine, white fir, incense cedar, Jeffrey pine, and others. Conifer forests provide habitat for a large number of wildlife species. Wildlife species that are common in this habitat type include Steller’s jay, hairy woodpecker, mountain chickadee, western gray squirrel, porcupine, gray fox, and blacktail deer. Special-status wildlife species that may occur in this community type include the bald eagle, northern goshawk, California spotted owl, Sierra Nevada red fox, Pacific fisher, and California wolverine. The project site is not listed on the California Department of Toxic Substances Control (DTSC) Hazardous Waste and Substances Site List (Cortese List) and is not located near any sites or sites known or suspected to contain hazardous materials. Project Name: Verizon Wireless-Forest Ranch Baptist Church Conditional Use Permit, File # UP15-0001 ■ Butte County Department of Development Services ■ ■ Initial Study – UP15-0001 (Verizon Wireless-Forest Ranch Baptist Church) ■ Page 2 of 45 ■ K. Surrounding Land Uses: The area surrounding the project site primarily includes single-family homes on parcels of one acre to 15 acres in size. The Forest Ranch Charter School is located south of the project site. Public rights-of-way in the vicinity of the project site include State Highway 32 (State) and Wagon Road (County) to the west, Schott Road (County) to the south, and Starlight Drive (Private) to the north. Direction General Plan Designation Zoning Existing Land Use(s) North Foothill Residential FR-5 Single-Family Residential South Public P Forest Ranch Charter School East Foothill Residential FR-5 Single-Family Residential West Foothill Residential FR-5 Single-Family Residential L. Project Description: The applicant is requesting a Conditional Use Permit to construct a wireless telecommunication facility that includes a 125-foot tall monopine tower, eight (8) panel antennas mounted at the 110-ft. elevation, a prefabricated equipment shelter, a standby diesel generator, underground power, and associated equipment. The facility will be situated within a 40-ft. x 40-ft. (1,600 sq. ft.) lease area that will surrounded with a 6-ft tall chain link fence with barbed wire. Access to the facility will be provided by a 10-12 ft. wide driveway situated within a 15 ft. wide non-exclusive access and utility easement from Wagon Road. The unmanned facility will provide enhanced wireless network coverage 24 hours a day, 7 days a week. Public Benefits of Improved Wireless Service This site will allow current and future Verizon Wireless customers to have access to wireless services in the areas shown on the Coverage Plots included in this application. Additionally, this site will serve as a backup to the existing landline service in the area and will provide improved wireless communication, which is essential to first responders, community safety, local businesses and area residents. As a backup system to traditional landline phone service, mobile phones have proven to be extremely important during natural disasters and other catastrophes. Aesthetics The facility will be constructed on the east side of Highway 32, in a densely forested area. Support cable will be installed underground and the equipment will be effectively screened from public view within a prefabricated equipment shelter. Verizon is proposing a monopine tower design to blend in with the surrounding landscape. The monopine will have artificial branches from the 41-ft elevation to the top of the monopine at 125-ft. All proposed panel antennas will have “needle socks”. The pole, antennas, and all pole-mounted equipment will be painted a flat dark brown. Co-Location The proposed facility has been designed in a manner that will structurally accommodate additional antennas and/or future collocation. Additional ground space is available within the lease area for at least one additional equipment shelter. The Verizon service and information structure can be upgraded to 600 amp to accommodate additional capacity. Site Selection Process The selection of a location for a wireless telecommunication facility that is needed to improve service and provide reliable coverage is dependent upon many factors, such as: topography, zoning regulations, existing structures, collocation opportunities, available utilities, access, and the existence of a willing landlord. Wireless communication utilizes line-of-sight technology that requires facilities to be in relative close proximity to the wireless handsets to be served. Each proposed site is unique and must be investigated and evaluated on its own terms. The proposed coverage area includes residential and public uses in Forest Ranch. Verizon strives to minimize visual and acoustic impacts for each facility and seeks to incorporate ways to preserve the local community character to the greatest extent feasible at all stages of site selection and design. The proposed location best serves the interest of Forest Ranch and greater Butte County because it is the least intrusive means available to improve service to the area. Project Name: Verizon Wireless-Forest Ranch Baptist Church Conditional Use Permit, File # UP15-0001 ■ Butte County Department of Development Services ■ ■ Initial Study – UP15-0001 (Verizon Wireless-Forest Ranch Baptist Church) ■ Page 3 of 45 ■ After establishing the need for the proposed facility, Verizon set out to identify the least intrusive means of achieving the necessary service objective. Verizon begins its process by identifying a search area called a “search ring” and a required centerline height. The search ring represents the area within which a facility can be located to produce the desired coverage objective. After evaluating the County’s zoning regulations, the next step is to identify any existing towers and within the search ring that could allow for collocation. In the case of the proposed area, it was determined that there are no existing towers. Two alternative sites were considered in the early stages of site selection, but eliminated by Verizon’s Radio Frequency engineer. One alternate candidate was Forest Ranch Elementary School, located at 15815 Cedar Creek Road in Forest Ranch. The other was Hardy Hill, a forested property four miles north of the town of Forest Ranch. Verizon’s RF engineer recommended that the church site as the single candidate for developing this facility due to the lack of feasible properties within the search area. Safety Benefits of Improved Wireless Service Verizon Wireless offers its customers multiple services such as voice calls, text messaging, mobile email, picture/video messaging, mobile web, navigation, broadband access, V CAST, and E911 services. Mobile phone use has become an extremely important tool for first responders and serves as a backup system in the event of a natural disaster. Maintenance and Standby Generator Testing Verizon Wireless is proposing a UL2200 Certified 30kw standby diesel generator and UL142 certified 132 gallon fuel tank on a 137 sq. ft. concrete slab, together with batteries. The generator and batteries play a vital role in Verizon’s emergency and disaster preparedness plan. In the event of a power outage, Verizon Wireless communication equipment will first transition to the back-up batteries. The batteries can run the site for a few hours depending on the demand placed on the equipment. Should the power outage extend beyond the capacity of the batteries, the backup generator will be utilized. The generator will also operate for approximately 15 minutes per week for maintenance purposes, during the daytime. Backup batteries and the generator allow Verizon Wireless’s communication sites to continue providing valuable communication services in the event of power outage, natural disaster or other emergency. Following construction, the security fence will include a small sign indicating the facility owner and a 24-hour emergency telephone number. Construction Schedule The construction of the facility will be in compliance with all local rules and regulations. The crew size will range from two to ten individuals. The construction phase of the project will last approximately two months and will not exceed acceptable construction noise levels. Lighting The only lighting on the facility will be located by the entry door to the pre-fabricated shelter. The light will be shielded, down-tilted, and include a motion sensor. Compliance with FCC standards The proposed project will not interfere with any TV, radio, telephone, satellite, or other signals. Any interference would be against federal law and a violation of Verizon Wireless’s FCC license. M. Public Agency Approvals: Butte County Department of Development Services Butte County Public Works Department ¬«32 Doe Mill Rd P o n d e r o s a W a y Knolls Dr Chase Dr Pin e W ay Heidi Way Scotty Ln S t a r li g h t D r Cab erne t Wa y C o d y L nClearcut Ln Nopel Ave Tippi Toe Ln Nameco Rd A. J. Stohr Rd D e r r R dCedar Creek Rd D e e r T rl Wishing Well Rd Shuffelton Dr Hidden Forest Way Christina Dr Sugar Pine Pl Shoshannah Ln Loerke Ln Vivian Ln Peregrine Rd Wintergreen Ln C a l le Tie rr a C a b ot P l Brian Ln Heavenly Glen C hateau W ay Nopel Ave Schott Rd Stage Rd Wagon Rd Doe Mill Rd N o p e l A v e Fitzgerald Dr Forest Ranch Way Sugar Pine Pl UP15-0001APN:063-210-013 Verizon WirelessForest Ranch Baptist Church 1:24,000 0 1,500 3,000 4,500750FeetLakes Legend Roads Railroad Streams Project Location ®VICINITY MAP 25 5 P a r k s h o r e D r i v e , F o l s o m , C A 9 5 6 3 0 1520 River Park Drive, Sacramento, CA 95815 916-567-9630 www.MSTArchitects.com DEPT.APPROVEDDATESHEETSURVEYOR RE V I S I O N S RE V RE V RE V RE V FO R E S T R A N C H 49 6 7 S C H O T T R O A D FO R E S T R A N C H , C A 95 9 4 2 6240 WEST 6TH STREET RIO LINDA,CA 95673 (916)-704-5952 www.gonzalessurveys.comnzalesGSurveys, Inc.VICINITY MAP These drawings and or accompanying specifications as instruments of service, are the exclusive property of Gonzales Surveys,Inc. and their use and publication shall be restricted to the original site and carrier for which they are prepared. Reuse,reproduction or publication by any method, whole and in part, is prohibited except by written permission from Gonzales Surveys,Inc.. Title to these plans and or specifications shall remain with Gonzales Surveys, Inc. without prejudice and visual contact with them shall constitute Prima Facie evidence of acceptance of these restrictions.The boundary shown is based on found monumentation and record information. This is not a boundary survey. This is a specialized topographic map with property lines and easements being a graphic depiction based on information gathered from various sources of record and available monumentation found during the field survey. No easements were researched or plotted.Property lines and lines of title were not investigated nor surveyed except as shown on this plan. No property monuments were set.Date of Survey: 10/08/2014 Surveyed by or under the direction of Ryan L. Ming P.L.S. 8409 Located in the City of Forest Ranch, County of Butte, State of California Bearings shown are based upon monuments found and record information.This is not a Boundary Survey.Elevations shown are based upon U.S.G.S. N.A.V.D. 88 Datum.Contour Interval: NA Contractor is responsible to verify lease area prior to construction.Assessors Parcel Number (APN): 063-210-013 Current Zoning: Commercial/Institutional (CI)Owners:Forest Ranch Baptist Church 4967 Schott Road Forest Ranch, CA 95942 Gonzales Surveys, Inc.6240 West 6th Street Rio Linda, Ca 95673 Phone (916)-704-5952 Verizon Wireless PCS Equipment A.S.A.C. Survey Form Project No./Name:Forest Ranch Project Site Location:4967 Schott Road Forest Ranch, Ca 95942 Date of Observation: 10/08/2014 Equipment/Procedure used to obtain coordinates: Trimble R8 post processed with Trimble Business Center.Type of Antenna Mount: New Monopine NAD 83 coordinates at center of tower Latitude: N 39° 53' 13.68"Longitude: W 121° 39' 54.70"Elevation at base of tower (NAVD 88)2579’ AMSL Certification: I, the undersigned, do hereby certify elevation listed above is based on a field survey done under my supervision and that the accuracy of those elevations meet or exceed 1-A standards as defined in the FAA A.S.A.C. information sheet 91:003, and that they are true and accurate to the best of my knowledge and belief.Ryan L. Ming CA. P.L.S. 8409 C-110/08/2014Legal Description:All that real property situated in the City of Fortuna, County of Humboldt, State of California, described as follows:A portion of Parcel 2 as shown on Parcel Map 1151, filed in the Office of the County Recorder of Humboldt County, in Book 10 of Parcel Maps, page 56, more particularly described as follows:Real property in the County of Butte, State of California, and is described as follows:Lot 15, as shown on that certain Map entitled, “Forest Ranch Subdivision”, which Map was filed in the office of the Recorder of the County of Butte, State of California, on October 22, 1975, in Book 43 of Maps, at Pages 83, 84, 85 and 86. APN:091-040-003 The Lease premises described as follows:Commencing at a point in the North line of the above described parcel of land from which the Northeast corner bears South 87°44'33" East 135.07 feet; thence South 02°15'27" West 184.67feet to the True Point of Beginning; thence South 82°29'16"East 40.00 feet; thence South 07°30'44" West 40.00 feet; thence North 82°29'16" West 40.00 feet; thence North 07°30'44"East 40.00 feet to the True Point of Beginning.Together with a 15' Access and Utility Easement the centerline of which is described as follows:Commencing at the Northwest corner of the above described Lease premises; thence along the Westerly line of the above described Lease premises South 07°30'44" West 24.76 feet to the True Point of Beginning; thence North 81°44'52" West 89.28 feet; thence South 37°32'55" West 98.30 feet; thence North 50°37'8" West 19.48 feet to the Westerly line of the above described parcel of land.Together with a 6' Utility Easement centerline of which is described as follows:Commencing at the Northwest corner of the above described Lease premises; thence along the Westerly line of the above described Lease premises South 07°30'44" West 24.76 feet; thence North 81°44'52" West 89.28 feet; thence South 37°32'55"West 98.30 feet; thence South 19°54'6" East 8.87 feet to the True Point of Beginning; thence South 42°31'14" East 107.45'.Together with a 6' Utility Easement centerline of which is described as follows:6' adjacent to the West line of the above described Lease premises.GS1474NPARCELDETAIL1"=30'CEDAR HILL RD CEDAR CREEK RDSTARLIGHT DR WAGON RD SCHOTT RD32SCHOTTRDFOREST RANCH N S C H O T T R O A D W A G O N R D H I G H W A Y 3 2 OVERHEAD WIRES PR O P O S E D V E R I Z O N W I R E L E S S 15 ' N O N - E X C L U S I V E AC C E S S & U T I L I T Y E A S E M E N T 15' PR O P O S E D V E R I Z O N W I R E L E S S 40 ' X 4 0 ' L E A S E A R E A PO W E R / T E L C O PO C GAS RISER FO R E S T R A N C H 49 6 7 S C H O T T R O A D FO R E S T R A N C H , C A 9 5 9 4 2 AP N : 0 6 3 - 2 1 0 - 0 1 3 PROPERTY LINE P R O P E R T Y L I N E P R O P E R T Y L I N E APN:063-210-010 WA T E R P O C PR O P O S E D V E R I Z O N W I R E L E S S 6' N O N - E X C L U S I V E U T I L I T Y EA S E M E N T 6' C O M M E R CI A L B U IL D I N G 125' 129' TR E E T O P EL = 2 6 5 6 TR E E T O P EL = 2 6 5 5 TR E E T O P EL = 2 6 5 2 TR E E T O P EL = 2 6 5 2 TR E E T O P EL = 2 6 5 4 TR E E T O P EL = 2 6 4 8 TR E E T O P EL = 2 6 4 8 TR E E T O P EL = 2 6 4 8 SITE 109.2' 103.7' 188.3' 15' 21.1' 116.8' 184.7' MSG 2/ 1 7 / 2 0 1 5 MONOPOLE TO MONOPINE 1520 River Park Drive, Sacramento, CA 95815 916-567-9630 www.MSTArchitects.com 1520 River Park Drive, Sacramento, CA 95815 916-567-9630 www.MSTArchitects.com 1520 River Park Drive, Sacramento, CA 95815 916-567-9630 www.MSTArchitects.com 1520 River Park Drive, Sacramento, CA 95815 916-567-9630 www.MSTArchitects.com ST32 FR-5 P FR-20 FR-1 Request:File:UP15-0001063-210-013 SupervisorialDistrict #3 Conditional Use Permit Foothill Residential-5 acreVerizon Wireless Butte County Zone Districts Assessor Parcel No: ¬ Zoning:Applicant/Owner: 0 490 980 1,470 1,960 2,450245Feet Project Site Project Name: Verizon Wireless-Forest Ranch Baptist Church Conditional Use Permit, File # UP15-0001 ■ Butte County Department of Development Services ■ ■ Initial Study – UP15-0001 (Verizon Wireless-Forest Ranch Baptist Church) ■ Page 8 of 45 ■ Evaluation of Environmental Impacts: 1) A brief explanation is required for all answers except "No Impact" answers that are adequately supported by the information sources a lead agency cites in the parentheses following each question. A "No Impact" answer is adequately supported if the referenced information sources show that the impact simply does not apply to projects like the one involved (e.g., the project falls outside a fault rupture zone). A "No Impact" answer should be explained where it is based on project-specific factors as well as general standards (e.g., the project will not expose sensitive receptors to pollutants, based on a project-specific screening analysis). 2) All answers must take account of the whole action involved, including off-site as well as on-site, cumulative as well as project-level, indirect as well as direct, and construction as well as operational impacts. 3) Once the lead agency has determined that a particular physical impact may occur, then, the checklist answers must indicate whether the impact is potentially significant, less than significant with mitigation, or less than significant. "Potentially Significant Impact" is appropriate if there is substantial evidence that an effect may be significant. If there are one or more "Potentially Significant Impact" entries when the determination is made, an EIR is required. 4) "Negative Declaration: Less Than Significant With Mitigation Incorporated" applies where the incorporation of mitigation measures has reduced an effect from "Potentially Significant Impact" to a "Less Than Significant Impact." The lead agency must describe the mitigation measures, and briefly explain how they reduce the effect to a less than significant level (mitigation measures from Section XVII, "Earlier Analyses," may be cross- referenced). 5) Earlier analyses may be used where, pursuant to the tiering, program EIR, or other CEQA process, an effect has been adequately analyzed in an earlier EIR or negative declaration. Section 15063(c)(3)(D). In this case, a brief discussion should identify the following: a) Earlier Analysis Used. Identify and state where they are available for review. b) Impacts Adequately Addressed. Identify which effects from the above checklist were within the scope of and adequately analyzed in an earlier document pursuant to applicable legal standards, and state whether such effects were addressed by mitigation measures based on the earlier analysis. c) Mitigation Measures. For effects that are "Less than Significant with Mitigation Measures Incorporated," describe the mitigation measures, which were incorporated or refined from the earlier document and the extent to which they address site-specific conditions for the project. 6) Lead agencies are encouraged to incorporate into the checklist references to information sources for potential impacts (e.g., general plans, zoning ordinances). Reference to a previously prepared or outside document should, where appropriate, include a reference to the page or pages where the statement is substantiated. 7) Supporting Information Sources: A source list should be attached, and other sources used or individuals contacted should be cited in the discussion. 8) This is only a suggested form, and lead agencies are free to use different formats; however, lead agencies should normally address the questions from this checklist that are relevant to a project's environmental effects in whatever format is selected. 9) The explanation of each issue should identify: a) The significance criteria or threshold, if any, used to evaluate each question; and b) The mitigation measure identified, if any, to reduce the impact to less than significance Project Name: Verizon Wireless-Forest Ranch Baptist Church Conditional Use Permit, File # UP15-0001 ■ Butte County Department of Development Services ■ ■ Initial Study – UP15-0001 (Verizon Wireless-Forest Ranch Baptist Church) ■ Page 9 of 45 ■ 4.0 ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS 4.1 Aesthetic/Visual Resources: Would the proposal: Potentially Significant Impact Less Than Significant with Mitigation Incorporated Less Than Significant Impact No Impact Reviewed Under Previous Document a. Have a substantial adverse effect on a scenic vista? b. Substantially damage scenic resources, including, but not limited to, trees, rock outcroppings, and historic buildings within a state scenic highway? c. Substantially degrade the existing visual character or quality of the site and its surroundings? d. Create a new source of substantial light or glare which would adversely affect day or nighttime views in the area? Setting: The project site is located in the mountainous area of Butte County, on the western slopes of the Sierra Nevada, at an elevation of 2578 feet above mean sea level (msl). The terrain of the project site is flat with slopes that range between 2 and 5 percent. Vegetation of the project site and surrounding area is characterized as heavily forested with conifers. Conifer forest in the area consist of several types of conifer trees including montane hardwood-conifer, ponderosa pine, Sierran mixed conifer, red fir and subalpine conifer. The dominate species at the project site is Ponderosa pine, with associated species, such as Douglas fir, sugar pine, white fir, incense cedar, Jeffrey pine, and others, together with a shrub and herbaceous understory. Conifer forests provide habitat for a large number of wildlife species. Wildlife species that are common in this habitat include Steller’s jay, hairy woodpecker, mountain chickadee, western gray squirrel, porcupine, gray fox, and blacktail deer. Special-status wildlife species that may occur in this community type include the bald eagle, northern goshawk, California spotted owl, Sierra Nevada red fox, Pacific fisher, and California wolverine. The project site is developed with a church and accessory structures, with the surrounding area predominately built- out with single-family residences and public facilities on parcels between 1 and 15 acres in size. State Highway 32 is located along the western boundary of the subject property. Though the project site and surrounding area are generally developed, the area maintains rural and foothill residential characteristics with the presence of larger parcel sizes and dense vegetation. Impact Discussion: a.) Less than significant impact. The surrounding environment maintains dense stands of coniferous trees with an average height of 70 feet above existing grade. The proposal to construct a 125-ft. monopole disguised as a pine tree (monopine) would help blend the artificial features of the telecommunication facility with the surrounding natural setting to the greatest extent feasible. The proposed pre-fabricated equipment shelter and surrounding chain-link fence would be generally consistent with the existing structures in the surrounding area, and would not otherwise have a demonstrable negative aesthetic effect. b.) No impact. No scenic resources or unique features have been identified on the project site. In addition, no scenic highways exist in the vicinity of the project site. c.) No impact. The proposed telecommunication facility includes a monopole disguised as a pine tree (monopine). The monopine design will match and blend with the existing mature on-site and off-site trees in the immediate area. With the proposed design, the facility would be visually integrated with the visual characteristics of the surrounding area, and would not result in altering the rural character or visual quality of the project site and surrounding area. Project Name: Verizon Wireless-Forest Ranch Baptist Church Conditional Use Permit, File # UP15-0001 ■ Butte County Department of Development Services ■ ■ Initial Study – UP15-0001 (Verizon Wireless-Forest Ranch Baptist Church) ■ Page 10 of 45 ■ d.) Less than significant impact. Outdoor lighting for safety and security would be added at the entrance of the pre-fabricated equipment shelter. Lighting would have a motion-sensor activation, and would be shielded and downward-tilted. Additional lighting may be installed if other carriers collocate at the facility. Proposed lighting and future lighting would be subject to Article 14, Section 24-67 of Butte County Zoning Code, which requires that all outdoor lighting in residential areas be located, adequately shielded, and directed such that no direct light falls outside the property perimeter, or into the public right-of-way. With the implementation of outdoor lighting regulations at the time of development, the proposed project would not create new sources of substantial lighting or glare that would generate a significant impact. Mitigation Measure: None required. 4.2 Agriculture Resources: Would the proposal: Potentially Significant Impact Less Than Significant with Mitigation Incorporated Less Than Significant Impact No Impact Reviewed Under Previous Document a. Convert Prime Farmland, Unique Farmland, or Farmland of Statewide Importance (Farmland), as shown on the maps prepared pursuant to the Farmland Mapping and Monitoring Program of the California Resources Agency, to non-agricultural use? b. Conflict with existing zoning for agricultural use, or a Williamson Act Contract? c. Conflict with existing zoning for, or cause rezoning of, forest land (as defined in Public Resources Code section 12220(g)), timberland (as defined by Public Resources Code section 4526), or timberland zoned Timberland Production (as defined by Government Code section 51104(g))? d. Result in the loss of forest land or conversion of forest land to non-forest use? e. Involve other changes in the existing environment which, due to their location or nature, could result in conversion of Farmland, to non-agricultural use or conversion of forest land to non-forest use? Setting: The southern portion of the 3.87 acre property is developed with a church and accessory structures. The northern portion of the property is largely undeveloped with the exception of overhead power lines that transect the site in a north to south direction. Undeveloped portions of the project site consists primarily of timberland that includes species such as ponderosa pines, Douglas firs, sugar pines, and other conifer-type tree species. An area within the undeveloped portion of the property had previously been cleared of vegetation to facilitate the construction of a mobile home, which was installed and subsequently removed. Since removal of the mobile home, the clearing had not revegetated. Important Farmland To characterize the environmental baseline for agricultural resources, Important Farmland Maps produced by the California Department of Conservation’s Farmland Mapping and Monitoring Program (FMMP) were reviewed. Important Farmland maps show categories of Prime Farmland, Farmland of Statewide Importance, Unique Farmland, Farmland of Local Importance (if adopted by the county), Grazing Land, Urban and Built-up Land, Other Land, and Water. Prime Farmland and Farmland of Statewide Importance map categories are based on qualifying soil types, as determined by the U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA), Natural Resources Conservation Service (NRCS), as well as current land use. These map categories are defined by the Department of Conservation’s FMMP as follows: Project Name: Verizon Wireless-Forest Ranch Baptist Church Conditional Use Permit, File # UP15-0001 ■ Butte County Department of Development Services ■ ■ Initial Study – UP15-0001 (Verizon Wireless-Forest Ranch Baptist Church) ■ Page 11 of 45 ■ Prime Farmland: Land which has the best combination of physical and chemical characteristics for the production of crops. It has the soil quality, growing season, and moisture supply needed to produce sustained high yields of crops when treated and managed, including water management, according to current farming methods. Farmland of Statewide Importance: Land that is similar to Prime Farmland but with minor shortcomings, such as greater slopes or less ability to hold and store moisture. Unique Farmland: Land of lesser quality soils used for the production of specific high economic value crops. It has the special combination of soil quality, location, growing season, and moisture supply needed to produce sustained high quality or high yields of a specific crop when treated and managed according to current farming methods. It is usually irrigated, but may include non-irrigated orchards or vineyards as found in some climatic zones in California. Examples of crops include oranges, olives, avocados, rice, grapes, and cut flowers. Farmland of Local Importance: Land of importance to the local agricultural economy, as determined by each county’s board of supervisors and local advisory committees. Examples include dairies, dryland farming, aquaculture, and uncultivated areas with soils qualifying for Prime Farmland and Farmland of Statewide Importance. Butte County has not adopted a definition of Farmland of Local Importance. Grazing Land: Land on which the existing vegetation, whether grown naturally or through management, is suitable for grazing or browsing of livestock. Urban and Built-up Land: Land used for residential, industrial, commercial, construction, institutional, public administrative purpose, railroad yards, cemeteries, airports, golf courses, sanitary landfills, sewage treatment plants, water control structures, and other development purposes. Highways, railroads, and other transportation facilities are also included in this category. Other Land: Land not included in any other mapping category. Common examples include low density rural developments; brush, timber, wetland, and riparian areas not suitable for livestock grazing; confined livestock, poultry or aquaculture facilities; strip mines, borrow pits; and water bodies smaller than forty acres. Vacant and nonagricultural land surrounded on all sides by urban development and greater than 40 acres is mapped as Other Land. Water: Water areas with an extent of at least 40 acres. The project site is identified as containing lands classified as Urban and Built-up Land on the southern half of the project site, and Other Land on the northern half of the project site. Areas surrounding the project site include Urban and Built-up Land and Other Land. Impact Discussion: a.) No Impact. The project site is designated as Urban and Built-up Land and Other Land, and not designated as Important Farmland in the Farmland Mapping and Monitoring Program. Therefore, the proposed project would not result in the conversion of Important Farmland to a non-agricultural use. b.) No impact. The project site and surrounding area is zoned for foothill residential and public uses. No existing agricultural uses are located on the project site or surrounding area. Therefore, no agricultural resources on the project site or surrounding area would be affected by the proposed project. The project would not result in a change to the current zoning designation of the property. The project site is not restricted by a Williamson Act contract. c.) No impact. The project site is located within the mountainous region of Butte County, where the natural landscape is dominated by coniferous forest that provides 10-percent native tree coverage under natural conditions. The proposed project would not result in the rezoning of the project site, or otherwise cause the loss of forest land because the total footprint of the project is 1,600 sq. ft. The development footprint for the facility is located in an area that had been cleared of vegetation to facilitate the development of a mobile home, which had been subsequently removed. No tree removal is anticipated to construct the facility. d.) No impact. See Discussion Section 4.2(c). e.) No impact. No prime, unique or farmland of statewide importance occurs on the project site, or in the immediate vicinity of the project site. The project site and surrounding area are zoned for foothill residential and public uses. Construction of proposed telecommunication facility would be compatible with the uses surrounding the project site, and would not convert forest land to a non-forest land use. Project Name: Verizon Wireless-Forest Ranch Baptist Church Conditional Use Permit, File # UP15-0001 ■ Butte County Department of Development Services ■ ■ Initial Study – UP15-0001 (Verizon Wireless-Forest Ranch Baptist Church) ■ Page 12 of 45 ■ Mitigation Measure: None required. 4.3 Air Quality: Would the proposal: Potentially Significant Impact Less Than Significant with Mitigation Incorporated Less Than Significant Impact No Impact Reviewed Under Previous Document a. Conflict with or obstruct implementation of the applicable air quality plan? b. Violate any air quality standard or contribute substantially to an existing or projected air quality violation? c. Result in a cumulatively considerable net increase of any criteria pollutant for which the project region is non- attainment under an applicable federal or state ambient air quality standard (including releasing emissions which exceed quantitative thresholds for ozone precursors)? d. Expose sensitive receptors to substantial pollutant concentrations? e. Create objectionable odors affecting a substantial number of people? Setting: Butte County is located within the Northern Sacramento Valley Air Basin (NSVAB). Summer conditions in the NSVAB are typically characterized by high temperatures and low humidity, with temperatures averaging from approximately 90 degrees Fahrenheit during the day and 50 degrees Fahrenheit at night. During the summer months, the prevailing winds are typically from the south. Winter conditions are characterized by occasional rainstorms interspersed with stagnant and sometimes foggy weather. The daytime average temperatures is in the low 50soF and nighttime temperatures average in the upper 30soF. During winter, winds predominate from the south, but north winds frequently occur. Rainfall occurs mainly from late October to early May, with an average of 17.2 inches per year, but this amount can vary significantly each year. Dispersion of local pollutant emissions are predominately affected by the prevailing wind patterns and inversions that often occur in the NSVAB. Within the NSVAB, two types of inversions can occur. During the summer months, sinking air forms a “lid” over the region and confines pollution to a shallow layer near the ground, which can contribute to photochemical smog problems. During winter nights, air near the ground cools while the air aloft remains warm, which can cause localized air pollution “hot spots” near emission sources (Butte County General Plan EIR; BCAQMD, 2014). Current Ambient Air Quality Federal and state standards have been established for six criteria pollutants, including ozone (O3), carbon monoxide (CO), nitrogen dioxide (NO2), sulfur dioxide (SO2), particulates less than 10 microns and 2.5 microns in diameter (PM10 and PM2.5), and lead (Pb). The Butte County Air Quality Management District (BCAQMD) is the primary agency responsible for assuring that the federal and state ambient air quality standards are attained and maintained in Butte County. The BCAQMD operates a network of ambient air monitoring stations throughout Butte County. Depending on whether the standards for a particular criteria air pollutant has been met or exceeded, the local air basin is classified as being in “attainment” or “nonattainment.” Based on the most recent monitoring data, Butte County is a nonattainment area for both state and federal ozone standards, the state and federal PM2.5 standards, and the state PM10 standards. Butte County is in attainment for the state and federal standards for sulfur dioxide, nitrogen dioxide, and carbon monoxide (BCAQMD, 2014). Project Name: Verizon Wireless-Forest Ranch Baptist Church Conditional Use Permit, File # UP15-0001 ■ Butte County Department of Development Services ■ ■ Initial Study – UP15-0001 (Verizon Wireless-Forest Ranch Baptist Church) ■ Page 13 of 45 ■ Air Quality Planning The California Clean Air Act requires air districts to prepare a plan for air quality improvement for criteria pollutants for which the District is in nonattainment. The BCAQMD’s Air Quality Attainment Plan was first adopted in 1991 and updated in 1994, 1997, 2000 and 2003. In 2006, the District collaborated with other air pollution control districts in the NSVAB to prepare a joint Air Quality Attainment Plan. That joint plan has been updated in 2006, 2009 and 2012 as the Northern Sacramento Valley Planning Area Triennial Air Quality Attainment Plan. The attainment plan is the basis for an air district’s functional strategy to meet federal and state ambient air quality standards. The BCAQMD, in its role of insuring that projects are properly evaluated for consistency with ambient air quality standards and the Northern Sacramento Valley Planning Area Triennial Air Quality Attainment Plan, have prepared guidelines to assist applicants and lead agencies in evaluating potential air quality and greenhouse impacts that may occur with a proposed project. Established with these guidelines are screening criteria to determine whether or not additional modeling for criteria air pollutants is necessary for a project. The screening criteria listed in Table 4.3-2 were created using CalEEMod version 2013.2.2 for the given land use types. To determine whether or not a proposed project meets the screening criteria, the size and metric for the land use type (units or square footage) should be compared with that of the proposed project. If a project meets the applicable screening criteria, then further quantification of criteria air pollutants is not necessary, and it may be assumed that the project would have a less than significant impact for criteria air pollutants. If a project exceeds the size provided by the screening criteria for a given land use type then additional modeling and quantification of criteria air pollutants should be performed (BCAQMD, 2014). Impact Discussion: a.) Less than significant impact. A project is deemed inconsistent with air quality plans if it would result in population and/or employment growth that exceeds growth estimates included in the applicable air quality plan, which in turn would generate emission not accounted for in the applicable air quality plan emissions budget. Therefore, proposed projects need to be evaluated to determine whether it would generate population Table 4.3-1 Butte County - State and Federal Ambient Air Quality Attainment Status POLLUTANTSTATE DESIGNATIONFEDERAL DESIGNATION 1-hour ozoneNonattainment- 8-hour ozoneNonattainmentNonattainment Carbon monoxideAttainmentAttainment Nitrogen DioxideAttainmentAttainment Sulfur DioxideAttainmentAttainment 24-Hour PM10NonattainmentAttainment 24-Hour PM2.5No StandardNonattainment Annual PM10AttainmentNo Standard Annual PM2.5NonattainmentAttainment Source: Butte County AQMD, 2014 Table 4.3-2 Screening Criteria for Criteria Air Pollutants LAND USE TYPEMAXIMUM SCREENING LEVELS FOR PROJECTS Single Family Unit Residential30 units Multi-Family (Low Rise) Residential75 units Commercial15,000 square feet Educational24,000 square feet Industrial59,000 square feet Recreational5,500 square feet Retail11,000 square feet Source: Butte County AQMD, CEQA Air Quality Handbook, 2014 Project Name: Verizon Wireless-Forest Ranch Baptist Church Conditional Use Permit, File # UP15-0001 ■ Butte County Department of Development Services ■ ■ Initial Study – UP15-0001 (Verizon Wireless-Forest Ranch Baptist Church) ■ Page 14 of 45 ■ and employment growth and, if so, whether that growth would exceed the growth rates included in the relevant air plans. The proposed project would not result in population growth in the County. Further, the project would not result in a substantial increase in criteria air pollutants that would cause significant impacts to regional air quality, provided that best management practices for the control of fugitive dust during construction activities are employed. b.) Less than significant impact with mitigation incorporated. The proposed project has the potential to impact air quality primarily in two ways: (1) the project would generate mobile source and energy use emissions associated with the operation and maintenance of the telecommunication facility, and (2) fugitive dust (particulate/PM10) and construction exhaust emissions would be generated during construction of the facility. Mobile source emissions are produced from motor vehicles, and include tailpipe and evaporative emissions cause by the performance of routine maintenance activities. Energy use associated with the operation of the facility would be caused by the use of heating and cooling systems, lighting, and powering the telecommunication equipment. Operational emissions generated by the proposed project are not expected to be substantial, and would not significantly violate existing air quality standards, because the expected size of the project is substantially lower than current thresholds established in the screening criteria in Table 4.3-2. Construction-related emissions are generally created throughout the course of project implementation, and would originate from construction equipment exhaust, employee vehicle exhaust, dust from grading the land, exposed soil eroded by wind, and ROGs from any architectural coating and asphalt paving. Construction- related emissions would vary substantially depending on the level of activity, length of the construction period, specific construction operations, types of equipment, number of personnel, wind and precipitation conditions, and soil moisture content. Despite this variability in project site conditions, there are a number of feasible control measures that can be reasonably implemented to meaningfully reduce construction-related emissions to a less than significant level. These measures as well as other common air pollution control measures are recommended in Appendix C of BCAQMD’s CEQA Handbook (2014), and are to be implemented as Mitigation Measure #1, listed below. c.) Less than significant impact with mitigation incorporated. Based on the information provided in section b.), above, the proposed project would not result in the violation of any air quality standards or contribute substantially to an existing or projected air quality violation, except for potential fugitive dust emissions during construction activities. Fugitive dust emissions generated during construction has the potential to contribute cumulatively to the region’s non-attainment of PM10 and PM2.5 emissions. Implementation of Mitigation Measure #1 would reduce potential cumulative fugitive dust emission impacts to a less than significant level. d.) Less than significant impact with mitigation incorporated. Residences and a public school is located within ¼ mile of the project site. Construction activities would generate emissions of criteria pollutants, including suspended and inhalable particulate matter and equipment exhaust emissions. These emissions could expose nearby sensitive receptors to pollutants concentrations. Implementation of Mitigation Measure #1 would reduce impacts of construction-related fugitive dust emissions. Additionally, because impacts related to equipment exhaust emissions would not exceed the screening criteria recommended by BCAPMD, and because construction activities would likely be infrequent, impacts to sensitive receptors would be less than significant. e.) Less than significant impact. No objectionable odors would be caused by the project. However, construction activities may cause objectionable odors from tailpipe diesel emissions and from solvents in adhesives, paints, caulking materials, and new asphalt. Since odor impacts would be temporary and limited to the area adjacent to the construction operations, and because the project site is located in a rural area of the county, odors would not impact a substantial number of people for an extended period of time. Mitigation Measure #1 – (Construction Emissions) The following best practice measures to reduce impacts to air quality shall be incorporated by the project applicant, subject property owners, or third-party contractors during construction activities on the project site. These measures are intended to reduce criteria air pollutants that may originate from the site during the course of land clearing and other construction operations. Project Name: Verizon Wireless-Forest Ranch Baptist Church Conditional Use Permit, File # UP15-0001 ■ Butte County Department of Development Services ■ ■ Initial Study – UP15-0001 (Verizon Wireless-Forest Ranch Baptist Church) ■ Page 15 of 45 ■ Diesel PM Exhaust from Construction Equipment and Commercial On-Road Vehicles Greater than 10,000 Pounds  All on- and off-road equipment shall not idle for more than five minutes. Signs shall be posted in the designated queuing areas and/or job sites to remind drivers and operators of the five minute idling limit.  Idling, staging and queuing of diesel equipment within 1,000 feet of sensitive receptors is prohibited.  All construction equipment shall be maintained in proper tune according to the manufacturer’s specifications. Equipment must be checked by a certified mechanic and determined to be running in proper condition before the start of work.  Install diesel particulate filters or implement other CARB-verified diesel emission control strategies.  Shall not operate a diesel-fueled auxiliary power system (APS) to power a heater, air conditioner, or any ancillary equipment on that vehicle during sleeping or resting in a sleeper berth for greater than 5 minutes at any location when within 100 feet of a restricted areas.  To the extent feasible, truck trips shall be scheduled during non-peak hours to reduce perk hour emissions. Operational TAC Emissions  All mobile and stationary Toxic Air Contaminants (TACs) sources shall comply with applicable Airborne Toxic Control Measures (ATCMs) promulgated by the CARB throughout the life of the project (see http:www.arb.ca.gov/toxics/atcm/atcm.htm).  Stationary sources shall comply with applicable District rules and regulations. Fugitive Dust Construction activities can generate fugitive dust that can be a nuisance to local residents and businesses near a construction site. Dust complaints could result in a violation of the District’s “Nuisance” and “Fugitive Dust” Rules 200 and 205, respectively. The following is a list of measures that may be required throughout the duration of the construction activities:  Reduce the amount of the disturbed area where possible.  Use of water trucks or sprinkler systems in sufficient quantities to prevent airborne dust from leaving the site. An adequate water supply source must be identified. Increased watering frequency would be required whenever wind speeds exceed 15 mph. Reclaimed (non-potable) water should be used whenever possible.  All dirt stockpile areas should be sprayed daily as needed, covered, or a District approved alternative method will be used.  Permanent dust control measures identified in the approved project revegetation and landscape plans should be implemented as soon as possible following completion of any soil disturbing activities.  Exposed ground areas that will be reworked at dates greater than one month after initial grading should be sown with a fast-germinating non-invasive grass seed and watered until vegetation is established.  All disturbed soil areas not subject to re-vegetation should be stabilized using approved chemical soil binders, jute netting, or other methods approved in advance by the Butte County Air Quality Management District.  All roadways, driveways, sidewalks, etc. to be paved should be completed as soon as possible. In addition, building pads should be laid as soon as possible after grading unless seeding or soil binders are used.  Vehicle speed for all construction vehicles shall not exceed 15 mph on any unpaved surface at the construction site.  All trucks hauling dirt, sand, soil, or other loose materials are to be covered or should maintain at least two feet of freeboard (minimum vertical distance between top of load and top of trailer) in accordance with local regulations.  Install wheel washers where vehicles enter and exit unpaved roads onto streets, or wash off trucks and equipment leaving the site.  Sweep streets at the end of each day if visible soil material is carried onto adjacent paved roads. Water sweepers with reclaimed water should be used where feasible.  Post a sign in prominent location visible to the public with the telephone numbers of the contractor and the Butte County Air Quality Management District - (530) 332-9400 for any questions or concerns about dust from the project. Project Name: Verizon Wireless-Forest Ranch Baptist Church Conditional Use Permit, File # UP15-0001 ■ Butte County Department of Development Services ■ ■ Initial Study – UP15-0001 (Verizon Wireless-Forest Ranch Baptist Church) ■ Page 16 of 45 ■ All fugitive dust mitigation measures required should be shown on grading and building plans. In addition, the contractor or builder should designate a person or persons to monitor the dust control program and to order increased watering, as necessary, to prevent transport of dust offsite. Their duties shall include holidays and weekend period when work may not be in progress. The name and telephone number of such persons shall be provided to the District prior to land use clearance for map recordation and finished grading of the area. Please note that violations of District Regulations are enforceable under the provisions of California Health and Safety Code Section 42400, which provides for civil or criminal penalties of up to $25,000 per violation. Plan Requirements: Applicable measures shall be adhered to by the applicant, property owners, and third-party contractors during construction activities. Measures shall be noted on grading and building plans. Timing: Requirements of the condition shall be adhered to throughout all grading and construction periods. Monitoring: Butte County Department of Development Services 4.4 Biological Resources: Would the proposal: Potentially Significant Impact Less Than Significant with Mitigation Incorporated Less Than Significant Impact No Impact Reviewed Under Previous Document a. Have a substantial adverse effect, either directly or through habitat modifications, on any species identified as a candidate, sensitive, or special status species in local or regional plans, policies, or regulations, or by the California Department of Fish and Game or U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service? b. Have a substantial adverse effect on any riparian habitat or other sensitive natural community identified in local or regional plans, policies, regulations or by the California Department of Fish and Game or U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service? c. Have a substantial adverse effect on federally protected wetlands as defined by Section 404 or the Clean Water Act (including, but not limited to, marsh, vernal pool, coastal, etc.) through direct removal, filling, hydrological interruption, or other means)? d. Interfere substantially with the movement of any native resident or migratory fish and wildlife species or with established native resident or migratory wildlife corridors, or impede the use of native wildlife nursery sites? e. Conflict with any local policies or ordinances protecting biological resources such as a tree preservation policy ordinance? f. Conflict with the provisions of an adopted Habitat Conservation Plan, Natural Community Conservation Plan, or other approved local, regional, or state habitat conservation plan? g. A reduction in the numbers, a restriction in the range, or an impact to the critical habitat of any unique, rare, threatened, or endangered species of animals? h. A reduction in the diversity or numbers of animals onsite (including mammals, birds, reptiles, amphibians, fish or invertebrates)? Project Name: Verizon Wireless-Forest Ranch Baptist Church Conditional Use Permit, File # UP15-0001 ■ Butte County Department of Development Services ■ ■ Initial Study – UP15-0001 (Verizon Wireless-Forest Ranch Baptist Church) ■ Page 17 of 45 ■ Would the proposal: Potentially Significant Impact Less Than Significant with Mitigation Incorporated Less Than Significant Impact No Impact Reviewed Under Previous Document i. A deterioration of existing fish or wildlife habitat (for foraging, breeding, roosting, nesting, etc.)? j. Introduction of barriers to movement of any resident or migratory fish or wildlife species? k. Introduction of any factors (light, fencing, noise, human presence and/or domestic animals) which could hinder the normal activities of wildlife? Setting: The project site is located in the mountainous region of Butte County, in the community of Forest Ranch. The Butte County General Plan identifies this property as being located in the Conifer Forest biological community. Conifer Forest The conifer forest community consists of several types of conifer trees including montane hardwood-conifer, ponderosa pine, Sierran mixed conifer, red fir and subalpine conifer. The dominate species at the project site is Ponderosa pine, which generally occur at elevations below 7,000 feet and include stands of pure ponderosa pine as well as areas with associated species, such as Douglas fir, sugar pine, white fir, incense cedar, Jeffrey pine, and others, together with a shrub and herbaceous understory. Conifer forests provide habitat for a large number of wildlife species. Wildlife species that are common in this habitat include Steller’s jay, hairy woodpecker, mountain chickadee, western gray squirrel, porcupine, gray fox, and blacktail deer. Special-status wildlife species that may occur in this community type include the bald eagle, northern goshawk, California spotted owl, Sierra Nevada red fox, Pacific fisher, and California wolverine. Jurisdictional Waters of the United States, including Wetlands Waters of the United States (U.S.), including wetlands, are broadly defined to include navigable waterways, and tributaries of navigable waterways, and adjacent wetlands. Although definitions vary to some degree, wetlands are generally considered to be areas that are periodically or permanently inundated by surface water or groundwater, supporting vegetation adapted to life in saturated soil. Jurisdictional wetlands are vegetated areas that meet specific vegetation, soil, and hydrologic criteria defined by the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers (USACE). The USACE holds sole authority to determine the jurisdictional status of waters of the U.S., including wetlands. Jurisdictional wetlands and Waters of the U.S. include, but are not limited to, perennial and intermittent creeks and drainages, lakes, seeps, and springs; emergent marshes; riparian wetlands; and seasonal wetlands. Wetland and waters of the U.S. provide critical habitat components, such as nest sites and reliable source of water for a wide variety of wildlife species. No discernable drainages or other wetland features were identified on, or within close proximately to, the project site. Special-Status Species Many species of plants and animals within the State of California have low populations, limited distributions, or both. Such species may be considered “rare” and are vulnerable to extirpation as the state’s human population grows and the habitats these species occupy are converted to agricultural and urban uses. A sizable number of native species and animals have been formally designated as threatened or endangered under State and Federal endangered species legislation. Others have been designated as “Candidates” for such listing and the California Department of Fish and Wildlife (CDFW) have designated others as “Species of Special Concern”. The California Native Plant Society (CNPS) has developed its own lists of native plants considered rare, threatened or endangered. Collectively, these plants and animals are referred to as “special status species.” Various direct and indirect impacts to biological resources may result from the small amount of development enabled by the project, including the loss and/or alteration of existing undeveloped open space that may serve as habitat. Increased vehicle trips to and from the project site can result in wildlife mortality and disruption of movement patterns within and through the project vicinity. Disturbances such as predation by pets (e.g., cats and dogs) and human residents may also occur at the human/open space interface, while conversion of land from lower to higher density residential use can lead to Project Name: Verizon Wireless-Forest Ranch Baptist Church Conditional Use Permit, File # UP15-0001 ■ Butte County Department of Development Services ■ ■ Initial Study – UP15-0001 (Verizon Wireless-Forest Ranch Baptist Church) ■ Page 18 of 45 ■ a predominance of various urban-adapted wildlife species (e.g., coyotes, raccoons, ravens and blackbirds) that have been observed to displace more sensitive species. California Environmental Quality Act Guidelines Section 15065 requires a mandatory finding of significance for projects that have the potential to substantially degrade or reduce the habitat of a threatened or endangered species, and to fully disclose and mitigate impacts to special status resources. For the purposes of this Initial Study, the California Environmental Quality Act (Sections 21083 and 21087, Public Resources Code) defines mitigation as measure(s) that:  Avoids the impact altogether by not taking a certain action or parts of an action.  Minimizes impacts by limiting the degree or magnitude of the action and its implementation.  Rectifies the impact by repairing, rehabilitating, or restoring the impacted environment.  Reduces or eliminates the impact over time by preservation and maintenance operations during the life of the project.  Compensates for the impact by replacing or providing substitute resources or environments. The California Natural Diversity Database (CNDDB) was reviewed to determine if any special-status species have the potential to occur on the project site or in the vicinity. Table 4.4-1 lists the regulatory status and habitat requirements for each special-status species identified within 2 miles of the project site. Impact Discussion: a.) Less than significant impact. The project site is situated in an area that had been previously cleared of vegetation and graded to construct a mobile home site. Historic use of the project site for residential and commercial development (church) has resulted in habitat fragmentation and the introduction of non-native species, which have diminished the habitat value of the vegetative communities on the project site, and its ability to support special-status species that have a potential to occur at the site. The small development footprint generated by the proposed project would result in minimal vegetation removal to facilitate construction, and would not significantly degrade or reduce the existing habitat values on the project site. b.) No impact. Review of the project site and project area did not discover the presence of any riparian habitat or other sensitive habitat type. c.) No impact. The project site is located in an area where no federally protected wetlands as defined by Section 404 of the Clean Water Act exists, or within proximity to the project site. The project site does not contain any discernible drainage courses, inundated areas, wetland vegetation, or hydric soils and thus does not include USACE jurisdictional drainages or wetlands. d.) No impact. Wildlife movement corridors are routes frequently utilized by wildlife that provide shelter and sufficient food supplies to support wildlife species during migration. Movement corridors generally consist Table 4.4-1 Special-Status Species with a Potential Occurance on the Project Site Scientific NameCommon NameFederal StatusState StatusCNPS ListHabitat Sidalcea robusta Butte County checkerbloom NoneNone1B.2 Woodland, Annual Grassland Astragalus tener var. ferrisiae white-stemmed clarkia NoneNone1B.2 Woodland, Chaparral Eriogonum umbellatum var. ahartii Ahart's buckwheat NoneNone1B.2 Woodland, Chaparral Clarkia mildrediae ssp. mildrediae Mildred's clarkiaNoneNone1B.3 Woodland, Coniferous Forest Cardamine pachystigma var. dissectifolia dissected-leaved toothwortNoneNone1B.2 Chaparral, Coniferous Forest Oncorhynchus mykiss irideus Steelhead - Central ValleyThreatenedNoneAquatic Oncorhynchus tshawytscha Chinook Salmon - spring-run ThreatenedThreatened Aquatic CNPS California Rare Plant Rank CNPS 1B: Rare or Endangered in California or elsewhere CNPS 2: Rare or Endanagered in California, more common elsewhere 0.1 ‐ Seriously Threatened 0.2 ‐ Fairly Threatened  0.3 ‐ Not very Threatened PLANTS FISH Source: California Natural Diversity Database Version 3.1.0 / Butte Regional Conservation Plan, December 2012 Draft Project Name: Verizon Wireless-Forest Ranch Baptist Church Conditional Use Permit, File # UP15-0001 ■ Butte County Department of Development Services ■ ■ Initial Study – UP15-0001 (Verizon Wireless-Forest Ranch Baptist Church) ■ Page 19 of 45 ■ of riparian, woodlands, or forested habitats that span contiguous acres of undisturbed habitat. Wildlife movement corridors are an important element of resident species home ranges, including deer and coyote. The project site is not located within the Butte County migratory deer corridors. No major migratory routes or corridors have been designated through the project site, and the existing developed components of the project area (i.e. State Highway 32 and fenced parcels) preclude use of the area as a migratory wildlife corridor for large mammals. However, the site may facilitate home range and dispersal movement of resident wildlife species, including birds, small mammals and other wildlife. Development of the site would not restrict regional wildlife movement or wildlife migration patterns primarily due to small footprint of the facility. e.) No impact. No trees are proposed to be removed to construct the proposed facility. The facility will be located in a cleared area that was previously developed with a mobile home and subsequently removed. Proposed development would not conflict with any local policies or ordinances protecting biological resources. f.) No impact. The Butte Regional Conservation Plan (BRCP) is a joint Habitat Conservation Plan (HCP)/National Community Conservation Plan (NCCP) that is currently being prepared for the western half of the Butte County, and is scheduled to be completed in 2015. As the plan has not been adopted and the proposed project is not located in the plan area, the project would not conflict, nor interfere with, the attainment of the goals of the proposed plan. g.) Less than significant impact. See discussion 4.4(a) – Biological Resources. h.) Less than significant impact. See discussion 4.4(a) – Biological Resources. i.) Less than significant impact. See discussion 4.4(a) – Biological Resources. j.) No impact. See discussion 4.4(d) – Biological Resources. k.) Less than significant impact. This project would introduce factors such as lighting, fencing and noise to an area that already has such factors present, at a greater scale. The lighting, fencing and noise from the proposed project is consistent with the surrounding area, and the addition of the Project is not anticipated to significantly hinder normal activities of wildlife. Mitigation Measure: None required. 4.5 Cultural Resources: Would the proposal: Potentially Significant Impact Less Than Significant with Mitigation Incorporated Less Than Significant Impact No Impact Reviewed Under Previous Document a. Cause a substantial adverse change in the significance of a historical resource as defined in §15064.5? b. Cause a substantial adverse change in the significance of an archaeological resource pursuant to §15064.5? c. Directly or indirectly destroy a unique paleontological resource or site or unique geologic feature? d. Disturb any human remains, including those interred outside of formal cemeteries? Setting: Cultural resources include prehistoric and historic period archaeological sites; historical features, such as rock walls, water ditches and flumes, and cemeteries; and architectural features. Cultural resources consist of any human-made site, object (i.e., artifact), or feature that defines and illuminates our past. Often such sites are found in foothill areas, areas with high bluffs, rock outcroppings, areas overlooking deer migratory corridors, or near bodies of water. Although this area is not located within one of these areas, there is still the chance that cultural resources could be located on site. Project Name: Verizon Wireless-Forest Ranch Baptist Church Conditional Use Permit, File # UP15-0001 ■ Butte County Department of Development Services ■ ■ Initial Study – UP15-0001 (Verizon Wireless-Forest Ranch Baptist Church) ■ Page 20 of 45 ■ A record search for existing archeological sites and surveys on the project site, and within the vicinity of the project site, was conducted through the Northeast Information Center of the California Historical Resources Information System in March 2015. The search did not reveal the existence of any prehistoric or historic resources on the project site. But, it was noted that historic sites have been recorded in the project vicinity, and that unrecorded sites may be located in the project site. Impact Discussion: a-d.) Less than significant impact with mitigations incorporated. Historic use of the project site has resulted in ground-disturbing activities that likely destroyed any cultural resources that may have been located on the surface. Future grading and other soil disturbance activities resulting from the development of the project site has the potential to uncover historic or prehistoric cultural resources located below the surface. To prevent impacts to the resources that may be uncovered during development activities on the project site, Mitigation Measure #2, below, is recommended. Mitigation Measure #2 – (Cultural Resources) Should grading activities reveal the presence of prehistoric or historic cultural resources (i.e. artifact concentrations, including arrowheads and other stone tools or chipping debris, cans glass, etc.; structural remains; human skeletal remains) work within 50 feet of the find shall immediately cease until a qualified professional archaeologist can be consulted to evaluate the find and implement appropriate mitigation procedures. Should human skeletal remains be encountered, State law requires immediate notification of the County Coroner ((530) 538-6579). Should the County Coroner determine that the remains are in an archaeological context, the Native American Heritage Commission in Sacramento shall be notified immediately, pursuant to State Law, to arrange for Native American participation in determining the disposition of such remains. Plan Requirements: Should cultural resources be discovered, the project proponent shall notify the Planning Division and a professional archaeologist. The Planning Division shall coordinate with the developer and appropriate authorities to avoid damage to cultural resources and determine appropriate action. Timing: This measures shall be implemented during construction activities, including land clearing, road construction, utility installation, and site development. Monitoring: Butte County Department of Development Services 4.6 Geologic Processes: Would the proposal: Potentially Significant Impact Less Than Significant with Mitigation Incorporated Less Than Significant Impact No Impact Reviewed Under Previous Document a. Expose people or structures to potential substantial adverse effects, including the risk of loss, injury, or death involving: 1. Rupture of a known earthquake fault, as delineated on the most recent Alquist-Priolo Earthquake Fault Zoning Map issued by the State Geologist for the area or based on other substantial evidence of a known fault? Refer to Division of Mines and Geology Special Publication 42. 2. Strong seismic ground shaking? 3. Seismic-related ground failure, including liquefaction? 4. Landslides? Project Name: Verizon Wireless-Forest Ranch Baptist Church Conditional Use Permit, File # UP15-0001 ■ Butte County Department of Development Services ■ ■ Initial Study – UP15-0001 (Verizon Wireless-Forest Ranch Baptist Church) ■ Page 21 of 45 ■ Would the proposal: Potentially Significant Impact Less Than Significant with Mitigation Incorporated Less Than Significant Impact No Impact Reviewed Under Previous Document b. Result in substantial soil erosion or the loss of topsoil? c. Be located on a geologic unit or soil that is unstable, or that would become unstable as a result of the project, and potentially result in on- or off-site landslide, lateral spreading, subsidence, liquefaction or collapse? d. Be located on expansive soil, as defined in Table 18-1- B of the Uniform Building Code (1994), creating substantial risks to life or property? e. Have soils incapable of adequately supporting the use of septic tanks or alternative waste water disposal system where sewers are not available for the disposal or waste water? Settings Geologic Hazards Expansive Soils Expansive soils possess a “shrink-swell” behavior. Shrink-swell is the cyclic change in volume (expansion and contraction) that occurs in fine-grained clay sediments from the process of wetting and drying. Structural damage may occur over a long period of time, usually the result of inadequate soil and foundation engineering or the placement of structures directly on expansive soils. The Health and Safety Element of the Butte County General Plan identifies the project site as having a “Moderate” potential of expansive soils. Soil Erosion Erosion is the wearing away of soil and rock by processes such as wind and precipitation runoff. Soils containing high amounts of silt or clay can be easily erodible, while sandy soils are less susceptible. Excessive soil erosion can eventually lead to damage of building foundations and roadways. Typically, soil erosion potential is reduced once the soil is graded and covered with gravel, concrete, structures, asphalt, or a vegetative cover. The Health and Safety Element of the Butte County General Plan identifies the project site as having a “Moderate” potential for soil erosion. Landslides A landslide is the sliding of a mass of loosened rock and/or soil down a hillside or slope. Some of the natural causes of this instability are earthquakes, weak soils, erosion, heavy rainfall and fire. Human activities such as poor grading that undercuts steep slopes or overloads them will fill; excessive irrigation and removal of vegetation can also contribute to landslides. Most landslides in Butte County occur on slopes greater than 15 percent, and most new landslides occur in areas that have experience previous landslides. The areas of highest landslide potential are in the mountainous central area of the county where well-developed soils overlay impervious bedrock on steep slopes. The remaining areas of Butte County has moderate to low landslide potential. The areas of lowest landslide potential are the flat lands of the Sacramento Valley. The Health and Safety Element of the Butte County General Plan identifies the project site as having “Low” to “Moderate” landslide potential. Seismic Hazards Surface Fault Rupture Seismically induced ground rupture is defined as the physical displacement of surface deposits in response to movement on the fault place. The magnitude, sense, and nature of fault rupture can vary for different faults or event along different strands of the same fault. Ground rupture is considered more likely along active faults. The Cleveland Hills fault is the only fault located within Butte County that has been identified as an active fault pursuant to the Alquist-Priolo Earthquake Fault Zones Act. This fault was responsible for the 1975 Oroville earthquake, which had a Richter magnitude of 5.7 and produced surface displacement along approximately 2.2 miles of the fault. Other active and potentially active faults are Project Name: Verizon Wireless-Forest Ranch Baptist Church Conditional Use Permit, File # UP15-0001 ■ Butte County Department of Development Services ■ ■ Initial Study – UP15-0001 (Verizon Wireless-Forest Ranch Baptist Church) ■ Page 22 of 45 ■ located in the region. However, because there are no known active faults underlying or adjacent to the project site, the likelihood of surface fault rupture is very low and would not be a design consideration. Ground Shaking Ground shaking at the project site could occur due to earthquakes on the regions active faults. However, ground motions attenuate with distance from the causative fault, as well as the local geologic and soil conditions. The Seismic Hazards Mapping Program of the California Geological Survey categorizes all of Butte County as a “seismic hazard zone” since the entire County is subject to earthquakes of Modified Mercalli Intensity scale VIII. The Oroville earthquake of 1975 is the only earthquake of this intensity recorded in Butte County. This earthquake resulted in structural damage, partial destruction of some buildings, fires and numerous injuries. Though, it is accepted that earthquakes of magnitude 6.0 or 6.5 are possible anywhere in Butte County, the county is generally considered to be an area of low seismic activity. Liquefaction Liquefaction is a phenomenon whereby unconsolidated and/or near saturated soils lose cohesion and are converted to a fluid state as a result of sever vibratory motion. The relatively rapid loss of soil shear strength during strong earthquake shaking results in the temporary fluid-like behavior of the soil. Soil liquefaction causes ground failure that can damage roads, pipelines, underground cables, and building with shallow foundations. Liquefaction can occur in areas characterized by water-saturated, cohesionless, granular materials at depths less than 50 feet. Due to the relatively low potential for strong ground motions and a general lack of significant deposits of saturated loose soils, such as alluvium, the liquefaction potential, if any, can be addressed in the design of future structures during the building permit review process. Seiches A seiche is a periodic oscillation of a body of water such as a reservoir, river, lake, harbor, or bay resulting from seismic shaking or other causes such as landslides into a body of water. The period of the oscillation varies depending on the side of the body of water and may be several minutes to several hours. Depending on the magnitude of the oscillations, seiches can cause considerable damage to dams, levees and shoreline facilities. Seiches have not been recorded in any of the reservoirs in Butte County that are within the jurisdiction of the California Division of Dam Safety. However, the potential for seiches does exist in Butte County, either from landslides or from stronger earthquakes that have been experienced in historical times. Impact Discussion: a1.) Less than significant impact. There are no known active faults underlying, or adjacent to, the project site. The Cleveland Hill fault is located approximately 15± miles southeast of the project site. Because the nearest active fault is located a considerable distance from the project site, the likelihood of a surface rupture at the project site is very low, and would not be a design consideration. a2.) Less than significant impact. Ground shaking at the project site could occur due to the earthquake potential of the regions active faults. However, active faults are relatively distant from the project site. As a result, ground shaking due to seismic events is expected to have low to moderate intensities at the project site. Future residential development on the resultant parcels would be subject to the California Building Code (CBC). The CBC would provide minimum standards to safeguard life or limb, health, property and public welfare by regulating the controlling the design, construction, quality of materials, use and occupancy, location, and maintenance of buildings and structures within Butte County. Among the provisions of the CBC are building design criteria for earthquake conditions in Butte County. Adherence to the CBC during building construction would ensure that potential impacts are less than significant. a3.) Less than significant impact. The project site is identified as being located within an area considered “Generally Low” in respect to liquefaction potential. The California Building Code (CBC) regulates the construction of structures, which may be constructed with approval of the proposed project. Adherence to CBC standards at the time of development of the resultant parcels would ensure that any impacts from an unstable geologic unit or soil are less than significant. a4.) Less than significant impact. The project area is primarily level with 2-5% slopes. As a result, the landslide potential for the project site and surrounding area is low. Though, the potential for landslides are generally low, shallow slope failures can occur in virtually any sloping terrain during construction activities. Avoidance of potentially sensitive slopes and/or implementation of appropriate engineering and construction Project Name: Verizon Wireless-Forest Ranch Baptist Church Conditional Use Permit, File # UP15-0001 ■ Butte County Department of Development Services ■ ■ Initial Study – UP15-0001 (Verizon Wireless-Forest Ranch Baptist Church) ■ Page 23 of 45 ■ measures at the time of development would avoid or reduce potential impacts of landslides to a less than significant level. b.) Less than significant impact. Surface soil erosion and loss of topsoil has the potential to occur from disturbances associated with the construction-related activities. Construction activities could also result in soil compaction and wind erosion effects that could adversely affect soils and reduce the revegetation potential at the construction site and staging areas. During construction-related activities, specific erosion control and surface water protection methods for each construction activity would be implemented on the project site. The type and number of measures implemented would be based upon location-specific attributes (i.e., slope, soil type, weather conditions). These control and protection measures, or BMPs, are standard in the construction industry and are commonly used to minimize soil erosion and water quality degradation. Additionally, future construction activities may be subject to the National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System (NPDES) General Construction Activities Storm Water permit program if one acre or more of land is disturbed. Construction activities that result in a land disturbance of less than one acre, but which are part of a larger common plan of development, also require a permit. This program requires implementation of erosion control measures during and immediately after construction that are designed to avoid significant erosion during the construction period. In addition, the project operation would be subject to State Water Resources Control Board requirements for the preparation and implementation of a Storm Water Pollution Prevention Plan (SWPPP) to control pollution in stormwater runoff from the project site, including excessive erosion and sedimentation. The SWPPP, if required, must be obtained prior to any soil disturbance activities. Implementation of standard erosion control BMP’s during future construction-related activities, together with adherence to State requirements regarding grading activities, would ensure that potential erosion impacts are less than significant. c.) Less than significant impact. Destabilization of natural or constructed slopes could occur as a result of future construction activities. Excavations, grading, and fill operations associated with providing access to the resultant parcels and during development could alter existing slope profiles making them unstable as a result of over-excavation of slope material, steepening of the slope, or increased loading. Standard engineering design features and construction procedures would be implemented to maintain stable slopes and excavations during construction, reducing impacts of unstable slopes to a less than significant level. d.) Less than significant impact. Expansive soils can cause structural damage particularly when concrete structures are in direct contact with the soils. Appropriate design features to address expansive soils may include excavation of potentially problematic soils during construction and replacement with engineered backfill, ground-treatment processes, direction of surface water and drainage away from foundation soils, and the use of deep foundations such as piers or piles. Implementation of these standard engineering methods would ensure that impacts associated with expansive soils would remain less than significant. e.) No impact. On-site septic systems provide wastewater disposal to the existing uses on the project site. The proposed project is an unmanned facility and would not produce any additional wastewater. Additionally, the proposed project would not interfere with the existing sewage disposal systems on the project site. Mitigation Measure: None required. 4.7 Greenhouse Gas Emissions: Would the proposal: Potentially Significant Impact Less Than Significant with Mitigation Incorporated Less Than Significant Impact No Impact Reviewed Under Previous Document a. Generate greenhouse gas emissions, either directly or indirectly, that may have a significant impact on the environment? b. Conflict with an applicable plan, policy or regulation adopted for the purpose of reducing the emissions of greenhouse gases? Project Name: Verizon Wireless-Forest Ranch Baptist Church Conditional Use Permit, File # UP15-0001 ■ Butte County Department of Development Services ■ ■ Initial Study – UP15-0001 (Verizon Wireless-Forest Ranch Baptist Church) ■ Page 24 of 45 ■ Setting: The earth’s atmosphere naturally contains a number of gases, including (but not limited to) carbon dioxide (CO2), methane (CH4), and nitrous oxide (N2O), which are collectively referred to as greenhouse gases (GHGs). GHG emissions are generally numerically depicted (when applicable) as carbon dioxide equivalents (CO2e). CO2e represents CO2 plus the additional warming potential from CH4 and N2O. The common unit of measurement for carbon dioxide equivalents is in metric tons (MTCO2e). These gases trap some amount of solar radiation and the earth’s own radiation, preventing it from passing through earth’s atmosphere and into space. GHG are vital to life on earth; without them, earth would be an icy planet. For example, CO2 is an element that is essential to the cycle of life. In general, CH4 and N2O have 21 and 310 times the warming potential of CO2, respectively. Human-made emissions of GHG occur through the combustion of fuels, as well as a variety of other sources. Increasing GHG concentrations are believed to be warming the planet. As the average temperature of the earth increase, weather may be affected, including changes in precipitation patterns, accumulation of snow pack, and intensity and duration of spring snowmelt. Climate zones may change, affecting the ecology and biological resources of a region. There may also be changes in fire hazards due to the changes in precipitation and climate zones. While scientists have established a connection between increasing GHG concentrations and increasing average temperatures, important scientific questions remain about how much warming would occur, how fast it would occur, and how the warming would affect the rest of the climate system. At this point, scientific efforts are unable to quantify the degree to which human activity impacts climate change. The phenomenon is worldwide, yet it is expected that there would be substantial regional and local variability in climate changes. It is not possible with today’s science to determine the effects of global climate change in a specific locale, or whether the effect of one aspect of climate change may be counteracted by another aspect of climate change, or exacerbated by it. Section 15064.4 of the CEQA Guidelines sets forth guidance for determining the significance of Impacts from Greenhouse Gas Emissions. The guidelines allow impacts from a particular project to be described quantitatively or qualitatively and direct that impacts should be evaluated in consideration of existing environmental setting, applicable thresholds of significance, and compliance with regulations and requirements adopted to implement the mitigation of greenhouse gas emissions. Section 15064 (h)(3)of the CEQA Guidelines specifies that a project’s contribution to a cumulative effect may be found ‘not cumulatively considerable’ if the project will comply with the requirements in a previously approved plan or mitigation program, including plans or regulations for the reduction of greenhouse gas emissions. Butte County has adopted a Climate action Plan (CAP) for the reduction of greenhouse gases. The CAP provides measures that achieve a 15% reduction below 2006 emissions levels by 2020. Section 15183.5(b) of CEQA Guidelines states that a GHG Reduction Plan, or a Climate Action Plan, may be used for tiering and streamlining the analysis of GHG emissions in subsequent CEQA project evaluation provided that the CAP does the following: A. Quantify greenhouse gas emissions, both existing and projected over a specified time period, resulting from activities within a defined geographic area; B. Establish a level, based on substantial evidence, below which the contribution to greenhouse gas emissions from activities covered by the plan would not be cumulatively considerable; C. Identify and analyze the greenhouse gas emissions resulting from specific actions or categories of actions anticipated within the geographic area; D. Specify measures or a group of measures, including performance standards, that substantial evidence demonstrates, if implemented on a project-by-project basis, would collectively achieve the specified emissions level; E. Establish a mechanism to monitor the plan’s progress toward achieving the level and to require amendment if the plan is not achieving specified levels; and F. Be adopted in a public process following environmental review. Project Name: Verizon Wireless-Forest Ranch Baptist Church Conditional Use Permit, File # UP15-0001 ■ Butte County Department of Development Services ■ ■ Initial Study – UP15-0001 (Verizon Wireless-Forest Ranch Baptist Church) ■ Page 25 of 45 ■ A 2006 baseline GHG emission inventory was prepared for unincorporated Butte County. The inventory identified the sources and the amount of GHG emissions produced in the county. Within Butte County, the leading contributors of GHG emissions are agriculture (43%), transportation (29%), and residential energy (17%). A Climate Action Plan (CAP) was adopted by Butte County on February 25, 2014. The CAP provides a framework for the County to reduce GHG emissions while simplifying the review process for new development. Measures and actions identified in the CAP lay the groundwork to achieve the adopted General Plan goals related to climate change, including reducing GHG emissions to 1990 levels by 2020. In an effort to implement the measures of the CAP, a development checklist was created to evaluate a new projects consistency with the CAP, and to identify which GHG emission reduction measures would be implemented with project approval. Since the project does not require General Plan or Specific Plan amendments, GHG emissions from the project may be consistent with the CAP by demonstrating consistency with the CAP policies in the CAP checklist, attached as an appendix to this study. The CAP development checklist identified three reduction measures applicable to the proposed project. These measures include expansion of renewable energy systems for new residential development by prewiring future development for photovoltaic systems; reduction of construction equipment idling time; and, installation of electric vehicle charging outlets in the garage or the exterior of the home (See Attachment A). Impact Discussion: a.) Less than significant impact. The proposed project would not generate substantial operational emissions due to the site being unmanned and generating approximately two vehicle trips per month. The facility will be powered primarily from electrical power provided by the electrical grid, and would only use the back-up generator during power outages and testing, resulting in lower emission levels. Construction of the facility would result in temporary short-term greenhouse gas emissions associated with vehicle trips from construction works, operation of construction equipment during construction activities. Prominent GHGs of primary concern during construction include carbon dioxide, methane, and nitrous oxide. Other GHGs such as hydrofluorocarbons, chlorofluorocarbons, and sulfur hexafluoride are of less concern because construction activities are not likely to generate substantial quantities of these GHGs. Overall, the amount of operation and construction emissions generated by the project would not result in a substantial increase of GHG emissions that would cause a significant impact to the environment. b.) No Impact. A CAP development checklist (Appendix A) was prepared for the proposed project to evaluate whether the project would be consistent with the greenhouse gas emission reduction plan for non-residential structures. The checklist identified Policies EN7 and F2 of the Butte County Climate Action Plan would apply to the project. Policy EN7 addressed the application of Cal Green measures to non-residential structures. Policy F2 addressed the use of alternative fuels for construction equipment and limiting idling times to three minutes during construction activities. With implementation of these measures during the design review and construction phases, the project would achieve GHG reduction goals. Mitigation Measure: None Required. 4.8 Hazards and Hazardous Materials: Would the proposal: Potentially Significant Impact Less Than Significant with Mitigation Incorporated Less Than Significant Impact No Impact Reviewed Under Previous Document a. Create a significant hazard to the public or the environmental through the routine transport use, or disposal of hazardous materials? b. Create a significant hazard to the public or the environment through reasonably foreseeable upset and accident conditions involving the release of hazardous materials into the environment? c. Emit hazardous emissions or handle hazardous or acutely hazardous materials, substances, or waste within one- quarter mile of an existing or proposed schools? Project Name: Verizon Wireless-Forest Ranch Baptist Church Conditional Use Permit, File # UP15-0001 ■ Butte County Department of Development Services ■ ■ Initial Study – UP15-0001 (Verizon Wireless-Forest Ranch Baptist Church) ■ Page 26 of 45 ■ Would the proposal: Potentially Significant Impact Less Than Significant with Mitigation Incorporated Less Than Significant Impact No Impact Reviewed Under Previous Document d. Be located on a site which is included on a list of hazardous materials sites complied pursuant to Government Code Section 65962.5 and, as a result, would it create a significant hazard to the public or the environment? e. For a project located within an airport land use plan or, where such a plan has not been adopted, within two miles of a public airport or public use airport, would the project result in a safety hazard for people residing or working in the project area? f. For a project within the vicinity of a private airstrip, would the project result in a safety hazard for people residing or working in the project area? g. Impair implementation of or physically interfere with an adopted emergency response plan or emergency evacuation plan? h. Expose people or structures to a significant risk or loss, injury or death involving wildland fires, including where wildlands are adjacent to urbanized areas or where residences are intermixed with wildlands? Settings Wildland Fire Conditions The combination of highly flammable fuel, long dry summers and steep slopes creates a natural hazard of wildland fires in many areas of Butte County. Wildland fires can result in death, injury, economic losses, and a large public investment in firefighting efforts. Woodland and other natural vegetation can also be destroyed during wildfires, resulting in the loss of timber, wildlife habitat, scenic quality, and recreation. Areas in the county that are particularly susceptible to wildland fires largely contain dense vegetation and steep slopes, which aide in the spread of fire. These areas have been designated as Fire Hazard Severity Zones by the State Department of Forestry and Fire Protection (Cal Fire), and generally include the foothill and mountainous regions of Butte County. Fire protection services for unincorporated Butte County are generally provided by the Butte County Fire Department (BCFD) and the California Department of Forestry and Fire Protection (CalFire), with CalFire having fiscal responsibility for preventing and suppressing wildfires. Due to the heightened risk of wildfires and the increased potential for damage or loss in certain areas of the county, CalFire has designated these areas as State Responsibility Areas (SRA). Development within SRAs must comply with special building requirements, and are also regulated by Public Resources Code 4290 and 4291, which establish requirements for maintenance of defensible space and vegetation management. According to the Health and Safety Element of the Butte County General Plan, the project site is located in a Fire Hazard Severity Zone due to the project site consisting of sloped terrain and a forested landscape. The project site is also located in the SRA area. Impact Discussion: a.) Less than significant impact. The project is proposed to utilize a standby diesel generator for back-up power, and would include approximately 130 gallons of diesel fuel storage. The storage of diesel fuel is required only for emergency purposes during a power outages and will not be routinely used or transported. Storage and handling of diesel fuel, or any other chemicals or hazardous materials, would be subject to a Hazardous Materials Business Plan, administered by the Butte County Public Health Department at the time of development of the project. The plan would include an inventory of hazardous materials and chemicals handled or stored on the site, an emergency response plan, and a training program in safety procedures. Project Name: Verizon Wireless-Forest Ranch Baptist Church Conditional Use Permit, File # UP15-0001 ■ Butte County Department of Development Services ■ ■ Initial Study – UP15-0001 (Verizon Wireless-Forest Ranch Baptist Church) ■ Page 27 of 45 ■ Construction activities associated with the development of the proposed project would involve the use of potentially hazardous materials, including vehicle fuels, oils, and transmission fluids. However, all potentially hazardous materials would be contained, stored, and used in accordance with manufacturers’ instructions and handled in compliance with applicable standards and regulations. In the event of an accidental release, construction personal who are experienced in containing accidental releases of hazardous materials will likely be present to contain and treat affected areas in the event a spill occurs. If a larger spill were to occur, construction personal would generally be on-hand to contact the appropriate agencies. Hazardous materials used during construction would ultimately disposed of by a licensed hazardous waste transporter at an authorized and licensed disposal facility or recycling facility. Radiofrequency (RF) Emissions Radiofrequency (RF) radiation emanates from antenna on cellular towers and is generated by the movement of electrical charges in the antenna. The energy levels it generates are not great enough to ionize, or break down, atoms and molecules, so it is known as “non-ionizing” radiation. The Federal Communications Commission (FCC) is the government agency responsible for the authorization and licensing of facilities such as cellular towers that generate RF radiation. For guidance in health and safety issues related to RF radiation, the FCC relies on other agencies and organizations for guidance, including the EPA, FDA, the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) and OSHA, which have all been involved in monitoring and investigating issues related to RF exposure. The FCC has developed and adopted guidelines for human exposure to RF radiation using the recommendations of the National Council on Radiation Protection and Measurements (NCRP) and the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE), with the support of the EPA, FDA, OSHA and NIOSH. According to the FCC, both the NCRP exposure criteria and the IEEE standard were developed by expert scientists and engineers after extensive reviews of the scientific literature related to RF biological effects. The exposure guidelines are based on thresholds for known adverse effects, and they incorporate wide safety margins. In addition, under the National Environmental Policy Act (NEPA) the FCC is required to evaluate transmitters and facilities for significant impacts on the environment, including human exposure to RF radiation. When an application is submitted to the FCC for construction or modification of a transmitting facility or renewal of a license, the FCC evaluates it for compliance with the RF exposure guidelines, which were previously evaluated under NEPA. Failure to show compliance with the FCC’s RF exposure guidelines in the application process could lead to the additional environmental review and eventual rejection of an application. The proposed telecommunication facility is subject to the FCC exposure guidelines, and must fall under the FCC’s American National Standards Institute (ANSI) public limit standard of .58 mW/cm2. Finally, it should be noted that Section 704 of the Telecommunication Act of 1996 states that “No State or local government or instrumentality thereof may regulate the placement, construction, and modification of personal wireless service facilities on the basis of the environmental effects of radio frequency emissions to the extent that such facilities comply with the Commission’s regulations concerning such emissions.” Because the proposed facility would operate under federally mandated limits on RF radiation for cellular towers and is regulated by the FCC in this respect, the County may not regulate the placement or construction of this facility based on the RF emissions. Additional standards in regards to RF emissions are established in Butte County Code. Under Section 24- 181 (R), the owner or operator of the facility shall annually submit written verification that the radio frequency radiation/electromagnetic frequency (RF/EMF) emitted by a facility conforms to safety standards in FCC OET 65, and that these reports demonstrate that the facility conform to the reporting requirements set by the FCC. Under Section 24-186 (A), the owner or operator is required to post a performance security that is sufficient to cover the cost of a one-time test by a radio frequency consultant selected by the County to determine whether the facility RF/EMF emissions comply with FCC standards. Should the facility’s emissions exceed FCC standards, the applicant would be responsible for the cost of additional tests and corrective measures to establish compliance with FCC standards. These County development standards would be reflected as conditions of approval in the use permit. At the time of development of the proposed project, the applicant will provide a Hazardous Materials and Emissions Questionnaire to the County if the siting of any chemicals and/or hazardous materials at the project site will occur. If materials exceed applicable thresholds outlined in the Hazardous Materials Release Response Plans and Inventory Law of 1985 (The Business Plan Act), a Hazardous Materials Business Plan Project Name: Verizon Wireless-Forest Ranch Baptist Church Conditional Use Permit, File # UP15-0001 ■ Butte County Department of Development Services ■ ■ Initial Study – UP15-0001 (Verizon Wireless-Forest Ranch Baptist Church) ■ Page 28 of 45 ■ would need to be obtained. The plan, when implemented, would address potential impacts associated with the accidental spill or release of chemicals and/or hazardous materials used during operations. b.) Less than significant impact. See discussion 4.8(a), above. c.) Less than significant impact. Forest Ranch Charter School is located within approximately one-quarter mile of the project site. As discussed above, the proposed project may require the use of potentially hazardous materials during construction and operation of the telecommunication facility, including the storage of diesel fuel. Standard construction practices and implementation of the Business Plan Act, would minimize the potential for accidental release of hazardous materials within proximately to or on the school site to a less than significant level. d.) No impact. A review of regulatory agency databases, which included lists of hazardous materials sites compiled pursuant to California Government Code Section 65962.5, did not identify contamination site as being located within, or in the vicinity of, the project site. e.) No impact. No public use airports have been identified to be located within the vicinity of the project site. The proposed project is located outside the compatibility zones for the area airports, and therefore, would not result in a safety hazard to people working and residing on the project site. f.) No impact. No known private airstrips have been identified within two miles of the project site. As a result, no safety hazards associated with airport operations are anticipated to affect people working or residing within the project site. g.) No impact. The proposed project is an unmanned facility, so no evacuation and/or emergency response plans are necessary. The proposed project does not include any actions that physically interfere with any emergency response or emergency evacuation plans. Development of the proposed project would add a small amount of trips onto the area roadways; however, area roadways and intersections would continue to operate at an acceptable level of service. In the event future construction activities require work to be performed in the roadway or highway, appropriate traffic control plans would be prepared in conjunction with a Butte County Encroachment Permit or Department of Transportation Encroachment Permit. h.) Less than significant impact. The project site is located in a High Fire Hazard Severity Zone and a State Responsibility Area. As a result, development of the proposed project would be subject to California Public Resources Code (PRC) 4290, 4291 standards. These standards require annual vegetative clearance around existing and proposed structures, as well as application of Fire Safe Regulations which include increased development standards for access roads and buildings. Application of PRC 4290 and 4291 standards at the time of development, would ensure that structures would not be exposed to a significant wildland fire risk. Mitigation Measure: None required. 4.9 Hydrology and Water Quality: Would the proposal: Potentially Significant Impact Less Than Significant with Mitigation Incorporated Less Than Significant Impact No Impact Reviewed Under Previous Document a. Violate any water quality standards or waste discharge requirements? b. Substantially deplete groundwater supplies or interfere substantially with groundwater recharge such that there would be a net deficit in aquifer volume or a lowering of the local groundwater table level (e.g., the production rate of preexisting nearby wells would drop to a level which would not support existing land uses or planned uses for which permits have been granted)? Project Name: Verizon Wireless-Forest Ranch Baptist Church Conditional Use Permit, File # UP15-0001 ■ Butte County Department of Development Services ■ ■ Initial Study – UP15-0001 (Verizon Wireless-Forest Ranch Baptist Church) ■ Page 29 of 45 ■ Would the proposal: Potentially Significant Impact Less Than Significant with Mitigation Incorporated Less Than Significant Impact No Impact Reviewed Under Previous Document c. Substantially alter the existing drainage pattern of the site or area, including through the alteration of the course of a stream or river, in a manner which would result in substantial erosion or siltation on- or off-site? d. Substantially alter the existing drainage pattern of the site or area, including through the alteration of the course of a stream or river, or substantially increase the rate or amount of surface runoff in a manner which would result in flooding on- or off-site? e. Create or contribute runoff water which would exceed the capacity of existing or planned storm water drainage systems or provide substantial additional sources of polluted runoff? f. Otherwise substantially degrade water quality? g. Place housing within a 100-year flood hazard area as mapped by Federal Flood Hazard Boundary, Flood Insurance Rate Map, or other flood hazard delineation map? h. Place within a 100-year flood hazard area structures which would impede or redirect flood flows? i. Expose people or structures to a significant risk or loss, injury, or death involving flooding, including flooding as a result of the failure of a levee or dam? j. Inundation by seiche, tsunami, or mudflow? Setting: Flooding Flooding events can result in damage to structures, injury or loss of human and animal life, exposure of waterborne diseases, and damage to infrastructure. In addition, standing floodwater can destroy agricultural crops, undermine infrastructure and structural foundations, and contaminate groundwater. The Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) is responsible for mapping areas subject to flooding during a 100-year flood event (i.e., 1 percent chance of occurring in a given year). According to floodplain mapping of the project area, the project site is located within the X zone. The X zone is defined by FEMA as areas of minimal flood hazard from the principal source of flood in the area and determined to be outside of the 0.2 percent annual chance floodplain. Inundation Zone Dam failure is generally a result of structural instability caused by improper design or construction, instability resulting from seismic shaking, or overtopping and erosion of the dam. Larger dams that are higher than 25 feet or with storage capacities over 50 acre-feet of water are regulated by the California Dam Safety Act, which is implemented by the California Department of Water Resources, Division of Safety of Dams (DSD). The project site is not identified as being located in the inundation zone for any dams regulated by the California Dam Safety Act. Impact Discussion: a.) Less than significant impact. No seasonal drainages or other waterways are located within the project site, and the physical characteristics of the soil indicate a moderate potential for erosion. Further, the project would result in a minimal amount of soil disturbance and impervious surfaces due to the small footprint of Project Name: Verizon Wireless-Forest Ranch Baptist Church Conditional Use Permit, File # UP15-0001 ■ Butte County Department of Development Services ■ ■ Initial Study – UP15-0001 (Verizon Wireless-Forest Ranch Baptist Church) ■ Page 30 of 45 ■ the facility. Though the footprint of the project is small, potential water pollutants (e.g. sediment, petroleum based fuels, lubricants) may still be generated during construction activities from the disturbance of the development area (i.e. disturbing soil at work area, the staging area, access road, etc.). Excess sediment or other pollutants could potentially enter surface drainage pathways and degrade the aquatic habitat to any nearby surface water channels. During construction-related activities, specific erosion control and surface water protection methods for each construction activity would be implemented on the project site. The type and number of measures implemented would be based upon location-specific attributes (i.e., slope, soil type, weather conditions). These control and protection measures, or Best Management Practices (BMPs), are standard in the construction industry and are commonly used to minimize soil erosion and water quality degradation. Additionally, future construction activities may be subject to the National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System (NPDES) General Construction Activities Storm Water permit program if one acre or more of land is disturbed. This program requires implementation of erosion control measures during and immediately after construction that are designed to avoid significant erosion during the construction period. In addition, the project operation would be subject to State Water Resources Control Board requirements for the preparation and implementation of a Storm Water Pollution Prevention Plan (SWPPP) to control pollution in stormwater runoff from the project site, including excessive erosion and sedimentation. The SWPPP, if required, must be obtained prior to any soil disturbance activities. Implementation of standard erosion control BMP’s during future construction-related activities, together with adherence to State requirements regarding grading activities, would ensure that potential erosion impacts are less than significant. b.) No impact. The proposed project is unmanned and does not require water. Further, the proposed project would result in a minimal net increase in impervious surfaces on the project site from the construction of concrete foundations and any access road surfacing. Thus, the proposed project would not cause a measureable reduction in surface infiltration or a decrease in deep percolation to the underlying aquifers. c.) Less than significant impact. Ground disturbance associated with the build-out of the project would not alter existing drainage pathways, expose a large area of surface soils to become more susceptible to erosive forces (i.e., overland flow), or generate enough increased runoff through removal/clearing of existing vegetation to cause a significant increase surface erosion. As discussed in section a.), above, implementation of erosion control measures or BMPs during construction activities would minimize the potential for soil erosion and water quality degradation. d.) Less than significant impact. Construction activities associated with build-out of the project would not alter drainage patterns such that they would cause on- or off-site flooding. Some vegetation removal and soil disturbance would occur during clearing of the site and access road, resulting in the potential for increased stormwater runoff. However, implementation of BMPs would minimize the potential for surface runoff and reduce any potential for flooding. The minor increase in impervious surface area from project build-out is not anticipated to be enough to alter existing drainage patterns or cause offsite flooding. While some increase in stormwater runoff may be expected due to the reduced absorption rate created from new impervious surfaces (structures, driveways, and hardscape), the development footprint of the project is minimal to the overall size of the subject property, and no net increase in stormwater runoff would leave the project site. e.) Less than significant impact. The proposed project is likely to generate a minor increase in runoff from the development of the project. The anticipated minor increase in runoff would be retained on-site, and likely be negligible in terms of the capacity of any existing stormwater drainage systems. f.) No impact. The proposed project would not result in potential surface water pollution beyond the issues discussed in section a.), above. Therefore, the proposed project would not otherwise degrade water quality beyond the issues previously addressed. g.) No impact. The project site is located in the X zone. As a result, development would be located outside the 100-year flood zone. h.) No impact. See discussion 4.19(g) – Hydrology and Water Quality. i.) No impact. The project site is neither located in a flood hazard zone or a dam inundation zone. Project Name: Verizon Wireless-Forest Ranch Baptist Church Conditional Use Permit, File # UP15-0001 ■ Butte County Department of Development Services ■ ■ Initial Study – UP15-0001 (Verizon Wireless-Forest Ranch Baptist Church) ■ Page 31 of 45 ■ j.) No impact. Although located within a seismically-active region, the project site is not located in an area that would be impacted by a seiche, tsunami, or mudflows. Mitigation Measure: None required. 4.10 Land Use: Would the proposal: Potentially Significant Impact Less Than Significant with Mitigation Incorporated Less Than Significant Impact No Impact Reviewed Under Previous Document a. Physically divide an established community? b. Conflict with an applicable land use plan, policy, or regulations of an agency with jurisdiction over the project (including, but not limited to, the general plan, specific plan, local coastal program, or zoning ordinance) adopted for the purpose of avoiding or mitigating an environmental effect? c. Conflict with any applicable habitat conservation plan or natural community conservation plan? Setting: The land use element of the Butte County General Plan designates the project site as Foothill Residential. The zoning for the project site is Foothill Residential - 5 (FR-5). The Foothill Residential zone allows for the appropriate development of large-lot single-family homes, small farmsteads, and related uses in the foothill areas of the county. Standards for the FR zone are intended to ensure that the development of homes respond sensitively to the foothill setting. Permitted residential uses in the FR zones include a single-family home, small residential care home, and a second unit. The FR zone also conditionally permits non-residential uses compatible with a low-density rural setting, including public and quasi-public uses, mining, animal services, hunting and fishing clubs, nurseries, and commercial stables. Animal grazing, crop cultivation, private stables, on-site agricultural product sales, and other similar agricultural activities are permitted uses in the FR zone. The minimum permitted parcel size for this zone is 5 acres. Impact Discussion: a.) No impact. The subject property is currently developed with a church and accessory structures and uses, including a detached shed, playground area, and parking area that are permitted under an approved Conditional Use Permit. The proposed project is situated approximately 150 feet from the existing structures, and would use a separate driveway off Wagon Road. Because the project is located on an undeveloped portion of the subject property, and would not result in the removal of, or interference with, existing structures, the proposed project will not physically divide an established community. b.) No impact. The project is deemed consistent if the proposed uses are consistent with the applicable General Plan designation and text, the applicable General Plan is legally adequate and internally consistent, and the anticipated types of services to be provided are appropriate to the land use designated for the area. The proposed project does not include an amendment to the existing land use designation, or a change to the existing land uses occurring on the project site. The proposed project is a request for a Conditional Use Permit that would provide improved cellular phone serve to the surrounding area. Standards for the establishment of wireless telecommunication facilities are contained in Article 26 of the Butte County Zoning Code. Section 24-181 (General Requirements): A. Setbacks. 1. Except when specifically allowed, all new telecommunication facilities shall be located on a parcel so that the distance from the base of facility to the parcel boundary is equal to or greater than the height of the facility. Project Name: Verizon Wireless-Forest Ranch Baptist Church Conditional Use Permit, File # UP15-0001 ■ Butte County Department of Development Services ■ ■ Initial Study – UP15-0001 (Verizon Wireless-Forest Ranch Baptist Church) ■ Page 32 of 45 ■ The height of the monopine from grade to the top branches is 125 feet, and a 113 feet to the top of the steel pole and panel antennas. The monopine is setback 125 feet to the eastern property line and 129 feet to the western property line, which meet the 1 to 1 requirement. B. Height. 1. The maximum height for telecommunication facilities in all zones shall be 100 feet, except in Commercial and Industrial zones where it shall be 150 feet. The review authority may approve additional height based on justifiable need. The height of a telecommunication facility shall be measure from the natural undisturbed ground surface below the center of the base of the monopole or tower to the top of the monopole or tower itself or, if higher, the tip of the highest antenna or piece of equipment attached thereto. The project site is situated in a residential zone, and the height of the monopine from grade to the top branches is 125 feet, and 113 feet to the top of the steel pole and panel antennas. The increase height from the 100 feet maximum height is required by the applicant to meet coverage area needs and line of site with other telecommunication towers supporting the carrier. Section 24-182 (Standards for Zones): B. Residential Zones. 1. All lighting on a facility, including identification or warning lights required by the FAA or other public agency, shall be oriented not to directly illuminate any area on the ground within a radius of 500 feet of the tower or monopole horizontally beyond the facility site, providing that such orientation/shielding complies with FAA or other federal or state agency requirements. Only lighting proposed includes security lighting at the entrance to the equipment shelter. The lighting will be down-tilted and hooded, illuminating the area directly adjacent to the entrance. 2. All facilities shall be aesthetically and architecturally compatible with the surrounding environment. Residentially compatible materials and veneers such as wood, brick, or stucco shall be used for associated support buildings, which shall be designed to architecturally match the exterior of residential structures in the area. The facility includes a monopine tower and support structures with a stucco exterior finish, which are aesthetically compatible materials that match the surrounding area. Section 24-183 (Standards for Types of Facilities): C. Monopoles or Towers. 1. New monopoles or towers proposed in or within 1,000 feet of agriculture and residential zones require written notice, in a manner approved by the Zoning Administrator, to be given to owners of parcels located within a minimum radius of 1,000 feet of the parcel on which the proposed monopole or tower will be located. Property owners within 1,000 feet were notified of the project and of the public hearing for the project. 2. Monopoles or towers in agricultural or residential zones shall not exceed 30 feet in height except when: a. No feasible alternative site exists; b. A denial would be constitute a prohibition on the provision of the affected wireless communication service in violation of federal or State law. The search ring prepared by the applicant indicates proposed coverage objective is to both fill in a gap in coverage in Butte County and the Forest Ranch community. The increase in wireless signal strength will benefit residents in the area, local businesses and public safety systems. The facility is not able to provide wireless communications services and meet coverage standards in the area without exceeding the 30 foot height limit. Project Name: Verizon Wireless-Forest Ranch Baptist Church Conditional Use Permit, File # UP15-0001 ■ Butte County Department of Development Services ■ ■ Initial Study – UP15-0001 (Verizon Wireless-Forest Ranch Baptist Church) ■ Page 33 of 45 ■ c.) No impact. The Butte Regional Conservation Plan (BRCP) is a joint Habitat Conservation Plan (HCP)/National Community Conservation Plan (NCCP) that is currently being prepared for the western half of the Butte County, and is scheduled to be completed in 2015. The project site is located outside the proposed plan area of the BRCP, and would not be subject to the plan requirements. Mitigation Measure: None required. 4.11 Mineral Resources: Would the proposal: Potentially Significant Impact Less Than Significant with Mitigation Incorporated Less Than Significant Impact No Impact Reviewed Under Previous Document a. Result in the loss of availability of a known mineral resource that would be of value to the region and the residents of the state? b. Result in the loss of availability of a locally-important mineral resource recovery site delineated on a local general plan, specific plan, or other land use plan? Impact Discussion: a.) Less than significant impact. There are no known economically viable sources of rock materials in the immediate vicinity of the project site. No mining operations have occurred on the project site or surrounding area and the project would not preclude future extraction of available mineral resources. Mineral resource extraction is not proposed with this project. However, development of the proposed project would use mineral resources in the construction of structures and access roads. The amount of resources used for the anticipated development is minor and would not result in the loss of its availability. b.) No impact. The project site is not located in an area currently used for, or known to have, locally-important mineral resources. Mitigation Measure: None required. 4.12 Noise: Would the proposal: Potentially Significant Impact Less Than Significant with Mitigation Incorporated Less Than Significant Impact No Impact Reviewed Under Previous Document a. Exposure of persons to or generation of noise levels in excess of standards established in the local general plan or noise ordinance, or applicable standards of other agencies? b. Exposure of persons to or generation of excessive ground borne vibration or ground borne noise levels? c. A substantial permanent increase in ambient noise levels in the project vicinity above levels existing without the project? d. A substantial temporary or periodic increase in ambient noise levels in the project vicinity above levels existing without the project? e. For a project located within an airport land use plan or, where such a plan has not been adopted, within two miles of a public airport or public use airport, would the project expose people residing or working in the project area to excessive noise levels? Project Name: Verizon Wireless-Forest Ranch Baptist Church Conditional Use Permit, File # UP15-0001 ■ Butte County Department of Development Services ■ ■ Initial Study – UP15-0001 (Verizon Wireless-Forest Ranch Baptist Church) ■ Page 34 of 45 ■ Would the proposal: Potentially Significant Impact Less Than Significant with Mitigation Incorporated Less Than Significant Impact No Impact Reviewed Under Previous Document f. For a project within the vicinity of a private airstrip, would the project expose people residing or working in the project area to excessive noise levels? Setting: The most common and primary sources of noise in the project area are from vehicular traffic along State Highway 32, which is located approximately 90 feet away. The surrounding area consists of residential homes, Forest Ranch Charter School, and the Forest Ranch Baptist Church. The church is the closest use to the project site, located approximately 100 feet away. The closest residence is located approximately 160 feet to the northeast. Table HS-2 of the Butte County General Plan identifies the maximum allowable noise exposure to a variety of land uses from transportation sources, including from roadways, rail and airports. Table HS-3 identifies the maximum allowable noise exposure from non-transportation sources. In the case of transportation noise sources, exterior noise level standards for residential outdoor activity areas are 60 dB (Ldn/CNEL). However, where it is not possible to reduce noise in an outdoor activity area to 60 dB Ldn /CNEL or less using a practical application of the best-available noise-reduction measures, an exterior noise level of up to 65 dB may be allowed, provided that available exterior noise-level reduction measures have been implemented and interior noise levels are in compliance with applicable standards. The maximum allowable interior noise level standards for residential uses is 45 dB Ldn/CNEL, which is designed for sleep and speech protection. The typical structural attenuation of a residence from an exterior noise is 15 dBA when windows facing the noise source is open. When windows in good condition are closed, the noise attenuation factor is around 20 dBA for an older structure and 25 dBA for a newer dwelling. The Butte County Noise Control Ordinance provides the County with a means of assessing complaints of alleged noise violations and to address noise level violations from stationary sources. The ordinance includes a list of activities that are exempt from the provisions of the ordinance. Among these exemptions are any mechanical device, apparatus or equipment related to or connected with emergency activities or emergency work, and construction-related noise within 1,000 feet of residential uses, provided construction activities do not take place:  From sunset to sunrise on weekends and non-holidays;  Fridays commencing at 6:00 pm through and including 8:00 am on Saturday;  Before 8:00 am on holidays;  Saturday commencing at 6:00 pm through and including 10:00 am on Sunday; and  Sunday after 6:00 pm. Project Name: Verizon Wireless-Forest Ranch Baptist Church Conditional Use Permit, File # UP15-0001 ■ Butte County Department of Development Services ■ ■ Initial Study – UP15-0001 (Verizon Wireless-Forest Ranch Baptist Church) ■ Page 35 of 45 ■ Impact Discussion: a.) Less than significant impact with mitigation incorporated. The project includes a 50 kW standby diesel generator and external HVAC units for the pre-fabricated equipment shelter. The HVAC units are anticipated to be operated for brief periods of time throughout the day and night. Noise exposure from the HVAC units is expected to be approximately 67 dB (Leq) at a distance of 10 feet from the equipment. The generator is proposed to be used during power outages, and during the daytime for a fifteen minute period per week for maintenance purposes. Assuming that the standard enclosure for the generator is used, noise exposure from the generator is expected to be approximately 77 dB (Leq) at a distance of 23 feet from the equipment. The project facility maintains a separation of 160 feet from the nearest noise-sensitive building structure. However, according to the project site plan, the nearest residential property line is 100 feet from the project facility. Footnote 4 of Table HS-3 (Maximum Allowable Noise Exposure to Non-Transportation Sources) requires that the County’s exterior noise level standards be applied at a point 100 feet away from the residence or at the property line if the residence is closer than 100 feet. In this case, the residence is located 60 feet from the property line, resulting in noise standards being applied at the property line of the receiving residential land use. Assuming standard spherical spreading loss (-6 dB per doubling of distance), project equipment noise exposure at the property line for the residential property would be 47 dBA (Leq) for the HVAC units and 64 dBA (Lmax). Because the HVAC units could potentially be in operation during nighttime hours for the duration of an hour, the operation of the HVAC units would be subject to the County’s nighttime noise level standard of 40 dB Leq. As a result, the HVAC units would exceed the County’s nighttime noise level standard. Because the generator would only operate during daytime hours for brief periods of time (generator is exempt from County’s noise standards per Section 41A-9(e)), the operation of the generator would be subject to the County’s daytime noise level standard of 60 dB Lmax. As a result, the generator would exceed the County’s daytime noise level standard. The proposed HVAC units are predicted to exceed the County’s nighttime noise standards at the nearest residential property line by 7 dB. The proposed generator is predicted to exceed the County’s daytime noise standards at the nearest residential property line by 4 dB. To mitigate these identified exceedances and bring the proposed project into compliance with the County’s noise standards, the mitigation measure identified below is recommended. Noise levels contributed by the proposed project would include construction noise during build-out of the project. Construction noises associated with development would primarily be from the use of heavy equipment, generators, and power tools. Construction-related noise from on-site development would be temporary and intermittent, and would not result in long-term noise impacts. Compliance with Butte County Code provisions regarding construction noise would ensure construction activities occur during hours exempt from County noise standards. b.) Less than significant impact. The use of blasting and/or pile drivers during construction activities would not be included as part of the proposed project. The proposed project would involve temporary sources of groundborne vibration and groundborne noise during construction from the operation of heavy equipment. Operation of heavy equipment would generate localized groundborne vibration and groundborne noise that could be perceptible at residences or other sensitive uses in the immediate vicinity of the construction site. However, since the duration of impact would be infrequent and would occur during less sensitive daytime hours (i.e., between 7:00 a.m. and 7:00 p.m.), the impact from construction-related groundborne vibration and groundborne noise would be less than significant. c.) Less than significant impact with mitigation incorporated. The primary contributors to the existing noise environment surrounding the project site include motor vehicle traffic along area roadways. Permanent noise sources that would be introduced to the existing noise environment by the proposed project would come from the HVAC units and back-up generator. As identified in Section 4.12(a), these introduced noises would exceed the County’s noise level standards, causing a permanent increase in the ambient noise conditions. To address the impacts of these introduced noise sources, Mitigation Measures #3 is recommended. With the implementation of the mitigation measure, potential impacts would be less than significant. d.) Less than significant impact. The only temporary or periodic noise sources that would be introduced to the existing noise environment by the proposed project would be noises associated with construction activities. Construction activities would require a variety of equipment. During the construction period, noise levels Project Name: Verizon Wireless-Forest Ranch Baptist Church Conditional Use Permit, File # UP15-0001 ■ Butte County Department of Development Services ■ ■ Initial Study – UP15-0001 (Verizon Wireless-Forest Ranch Baptist Church) ■ Page 36 of 45 ■ generated by project construction would vary depending on the particular type, number, and duration of use of the various types of construction equipment. Though noises generated by heavy equipment would periodically generate noise levels in excess of exterior noise standards identified in the General Plan, given the minimal development anticipated, the infrequent use of heavy equipment during construction, and that construction activities would occur during less sensitive daytime hours, temporary noise impacts are not considered significant. e.) No impact. No known public airport is located within the vicinity of the project site. As a result, no noise impacts associated with the airport operations are anticipated to affect people working within the project site. f.) No impact. No known private airstrips have been identified within the vicinity of the project site. As a result, no noise impacts associated with the airport operations are anticipated to affect people working within the project site. Mitigation Measure #3 – (Noise Reduction) The project applicant shall perform the following measures at the time of development: (1) Installation of the proposed project generator, Generac Industrial Power Systems Model SD030, shall occur with the optional Level 2 Acoustic Enclosure that results in the referenced noise level of 68 dB at 23 feet; (2a) Construct an 8-foot tall solid noise barrier, that consist of either masonry or precast concrete panels, on the three sides of the facility directed towards the residential property located east of the project site, or (2b) Increase the proposed chain link fence height from 6 to 8 feet and line the facility with an acoustical curtain (vinyl) product with a minimum STC (Sound Transmission Class) rating of 28 on the three sides of the facility directed towards the residential property located east of the project site. Plan Requirements: Installation of the generator shall include the optional Level 2 Acoustic Enclosure. The outer perimeter of the facility shall be constructed with an 8-foot tall solid noise barrier, or increase the height of the chain- link fence and install an acoustical curtain product with a minimum STC rating of 28. Timing: The selected sound barrier measure shall be shown on buildings plans submitted to the Butte County Development Services Department, and constructed prior to finaling of building permit. Prior to issuance of a Building Permit for the installation of the proposed generator, building plans shall include a Level 2 Acoustic Enclosure. Monitoring: The Butte County Department of Development Services shall review building plans for the facility and generator to ensure mitigation requirements have been met. Building inspectors shall spot check and shall ensure compliance on-site. 4.13 Population and Housing: Would the proposal: Potentially Significant Impact Less Than Significant with Mitigation Incorporated Less Than Significant Impact No Impact Reviewed Under Previous Document a. Induce substantial population growth in an area, either directly (for example, by proposing new homes and businesses) or indirectly (for example, through extension of roads or other infrastructure)? b. Displace substantial numbers of existing housing, necessitating the construction of replacement housing elsewhere? c. Displace substantial numbers of people, necessitating the construction of replacement housing elsewhere? Impact Discussion: a.) No impact. The proposed project would not result in growth in available housing or the local population. Construction activities associated with development would not result in any direct or indirect growth- inducing impacts to the county because construction activities would be temporary, and construction workers would likely be drawn from the local and regional work force. Project Name: Verizon Wireless-Forest Ranch Baptist Church Conditional Use Permit, File # UP15-0001 ■ Butte County Department of Development Services ■ ■ Initial Study – UP15-0001 (Verizon Wireless-Forest Ranch Baptist Church) ■ Page 37 of 45 ■ b.) No impact. The project site is located on a vacant portion of the subject property, which is developed with a church facility. No housing units are located on the subject property. Therefore, the project would not result in the displacement of substantial numbers of people or housing. c.) No impact. See discussion 4.13(a & b) – Population and Housing. The proposed project would not cause the displacement of the local population. Mitigation Measure: None required. 4.14 Public Services: Would the proposal: Potentially Significant Impact Less Than Significant with Mitigation Incorporated Less Than Significant Impact No Impact Reviewed Under Previous Document a. Would the project result in substantial adverse physical impacts associated with the provision of or need for new or physically altered governmental facilities, the construction of which could cause significant environmental impacts, in order to maintain acceptable service ratios, response times, or other performance objectives for any of the public services: 1. Fire protection? 2. Police Protection? 3. Schools? 4. Parks? 5. Other public services? Impact Discussion: a1-5.) No impact. The proposed project would not cause an increase in demand, or cause an impact to, fire, law enforcement, school, recreation, or other public services because the proposed project is an unmanned facility and would not result in an increase to the local population. Mitigation Measure: None required. 4.15 Recreation: Would the proposal: Potentially Significant Impact Less Than Significant with Mitigation Incorporated Less Than Significant Impact No Impact Reviewed Under Previous Document a. Increase the use of existing neighborhood and regional parks or other recreational facilities such that substantial physical deterioration of the facility would occur or be accelerated? b. Include recreational facilities or require the construction or expansion of recreational facilities which might have an adverse physical effect on the environment? Project Name: Verizon Wireless-Forest Ranch Baptist Church Conditional Use Permit, File # UP15-0001 ■ Butte County Department of Development Services ■ ■ Initial Study – UP15-0001 (Verizon Wireless-Forest Ranch Baptist Church) ■ Page 38 of 45 ■ Impact Discussion: a.) No impact. Increase in the demand for recreational facilities is typically associated with substantial increases in population. As discussed in Section 4.13 - Population and Housing, the proposed project would not generate growth in the local population, and therefore, would not result in a substantial increase in demand for recreational facilities or adversely affect Butte County park/population standards. b.) No impact. The proposed project does not include plans for additional recreational facilities nor would it require expansion of existing recreational facilities. Therefore, the proposed project would not result in any adverse physical effects on the environment from construction or expansion of recreational facilities. Mitigation Measure: None required. 4.16 Transportation/Traffic: Would the proposal: Potentially Significant Impact Less Than Significant with Mitigation Incorporated Less Than Significant Impact No Impact Reviewed Under Previous Document a. Conflict with an applicable plan, ordinance or policy establishing measures of effectiveness for the performance of the circulation system, taking into account all modes of transportation including mass transit and non-motorized travel and relevant components of the circulation system, including but not limited to intersections, streets, highways and freeways, pedestrian and bicycle paths, and mass transit? b. Conflict with an applicable congestion management program, including, but not limited to level of service standards and travel demand measures, or other standards established by the county congestion management agency for designated roads or highways? c. Result in a change in air traffic patterns, including either an increase in traffic levels or a change in location that results in substantial safety risks? d. Substantially increase hazards due to a design feature (e.g., sharp curves or dangerous intersections) or incompatible uses (e.g., farm equipment)? e. Result in inadequate emergency access? f. Conflict with adopted policies, plans, or programs regarding public transit, bicycle, or pedestrian facilities, or otherwise decrease the performance or safety of such facilities Setting: The project site would be served by a private driveway off Wagon Road (County-Maintained). Wagon Road is accessed from Schott Road (County-Maintained) and State Highway 32 (State-Maintained). Impact Discussion: a) Less than significant impact. The proposed project is not expected to cause a substantial increase in traffic during operation of the facility because the facility is unmanned. Employees would access the facility approximately twice a month for routine facility maintenance. Because this amount of traffic is relatively minor Project Name: Verizon Wireless-Forest Ranch Baptist Church Conditional Use Permit, File # UP15-0001 ■ Butte County Department of Development Services ■ ■ Initial Study – UP15-0001 (Verizon Wireless-Forest Ranch Baptist Church) ■ Page 39 of 45 ■ to the existing traffic conditions, the increase in traffic levels would not create substantial impacts to operating conditions of the area road network. Construction activities associated the development of the project has the potential to generate short-term changes to traffic volumes on the area road network. Daily vehicle trips would be generated with the arrival and departure of construction workers. Heavy truck trips would be required for hauling equipment and materials to and from the construction site. Any future construction activities would be small-scale and infrequent. As a result, the proposed project would not cause long-term degradation in, or create substantial impacts to, the operating conditions or level of service on any of the roadways in the project area. b) Less than significant impact. See discussion 4.16(a) - Transportation/Traffic. c.) No impact. No public use airports have been identified to be located within the vicinity of the project site. The proposed project is located outside the compatibility zones for the area airports, and therefore, would not result in a change in air traffic patterns, including increase air traffic levels or safety hazards. d.) Less than significant impact. The proposed project would not change the configuration (alignment) of area roadways, and would not introduce types of vehicles that are not already traveling on area roads. However, construction of the driveway to the project site may require encroachment improvements to the frontage road. Future encroachments to a county roadway would be designed in accordance with a Butte County Public Works Encroachment Permit, ensuring that any potential safety and compatibility issues are addressed. e.) Less than significant impact. The project site would be accessed via a private driveway off Wagon Road. Driveways and approach aprons (encroachments) would be designed and constructed to meet all applicable State and local development standards, ensuring that access is adequate to provide emergency ingress and egress. f.) Less than significant impact. There are no designated pedestrian or bicycle transportation facilities located near the project site, nor are such facilities proposed for the project area. Given the lack of existing facilities, pedestrian and bicycle traffic generally will use the unpaved and paved roadway shoulders, or the paved travel lanes. Development of the project would not have long-term impacts on alternative transportation facilities due to having no long-term increase in population in the project area. Construction activities associated with development may generate short-term disruption to area roadways from an anticipated increase in traffic levels that may affect alternative transportation uses. However, construction activities associated with the proposed project would be temporary, and in compliance with a Butte County Encroachment Permit, which would require traffic control implementation, if needed. Mitigation Measure: None required. 4.17 Utilities and Service Systems: Would the proposal: Potentially Significant Impact Less Than Significant with Mitigation Incorporated Less Than Significant Impact No Impact Reviewed Under Previous Document a. Exceed wastewater treatment requirements of the applicable Regional Water Quality Control Board? b. Require or result in the construction of new water or wastewater treatment facilities or expansion of existing facilities, the construction of which could cause significant environmental effects? c. Require or result in the construction of new storm water drainage facilities or expansion of existing facilities, the construction of which could cause significant environmental effects? d. Have sufficient water supplies available to serve the project from existing entitlements and resources, or are new or expanded entitlements needed? Project Name: Verizon Wireless-Forest Ranch Baptist Church Conditional Use Permit, File # UP15-0001 ■ Butte County Department of Development Services ■ ■ Initial Study – UP15-0001 (Verizon Wireless-Forest Ranch Baptist Church) ■ Page 40 of 45 ■ Would the proposal: Potentially Significant Impact Less Than Significant with Mitigation Incorporated Less Than Significant Impact No Impact Reviewed Under Previous Document e. Result in a determination by the wastewater treatment provider which serves or may serve the project that it has adequate capacity to serve the project’s projected demand in addition to the provider’s existing commitments? f. Be served by a landfill with sufficient permitted capacity to accommodate the project’s solid waste disposal needs? g. Comply with federal, state, and local statutes, and regulations related to solid waste? Impact Discussion: a.) No impact. The proposed facility is unmanned and would not generate any wastewater in need of disposal. As a result, no wastewater treatment requirements by the California Regional Water Quality Control Board would be applicable. b.) No impact. See discussion 4.17(a) – Utilities and Service Systems. c.) No impact. The project site is located outside planned drainage areas, and no existing storm water drainage facilities are located on the project site. The small footprint of the project would not generate a substantial increase in storm water runoff causing the construction or expansion of existing storm water drainage facilities. d.) No impact. No water is required to serve the proposed facility. e.) No impact. See discussion 4.17(a) – Utilities and Service Systems. f.) No impact. Operation of the facility would not generate solid waste that would require disposal at the Neal Road Recycling and Waste Facility. Construction activities may temporarily generate a minimal amount of solid waste. Waste would be deposited in the Neal Road Recycling and Waste Facility. The facility has a maximum permitted throughput of 1,500 tons per day, and an estimated current daily average throughout of 500 tons per day. Therefore, the facility would have adequate capacity to accommodate solid waste generated by the project. g.) No impact. See discussion 4.17(f) – Utilities and Service Systems. Mitigation Measure: None required. 4.18 Mandatory Findings of Significance: Would the proposal: Potentially Significant Impact Less Than Significant with Mitigation Incorporated Less Than Significant Impact No Impact Reviewed Under Previous Document a. Have the potential to substantially degrade the quality of the environment, substantially reduce the habitat of a fish or wildlife species, cause a fish or wildlife population to drop below self-sustaining levels, threaten to eliminate a plant or animal community, reduce the number or restrict the range of a rare or endangered plant or animal or eliminate important examples of the major periods of California history or prehistory? Project Name: Verizon Wireless-Forest Ranch Baptist Church Conditional Use Permit, File # UP15-0001 ■ Butte County Department of Development Services ■ ■ Initial Study – UP15-0001 (Verizon Wireless-Forest Ranch Baptist Church) ■ Page 41 of 45 ■ Would the proposal: Potentially Significant Impact Less Than Significant with Mitigation Incorporated Less Than Significant Impact No Impact Reviewed Under Previous Document b. Have impacts that are individually limited, but cumulatively considerable? (“Cumulatively considerable” means that the incremental effects of a project are considerable when viewed in connection with the effects of past projects, the effects of other current projects and the effects of probable future projects)? c. Does the project have environmental effects which will cause substantial adverse effects on human beings, either directly or indirectly? Impact Discussion: a.) Less than significant impact with mitigation incorporated. With the implementation of mitigation measures included in this Initial Study, the proposed project would not degrade the quality of the environment; result in an adverse impact on fish, wildlife, or plant species including special status species, or prehistoric or historic cultural resources. Prehistoric or historic cultural resources would not be adversely affected because no archeological or historic resources are known to exist in the project area and project implementation includes following appropriate procedures for avoiding or preserving artifacts or human remains should they be uncovered during project excavation. b.) Less than significant impact with mitigation incorporated. This project has the potential to contribute impacts that are individually limited, but cumulatively considerable with respect to air quality, noise and cultural resources. Cumulative impacts to these areas would be mitigated due to the inclusion of the Mitigation Measures listed below, as itemized under Section 5 – Mitigation Measures and Monitoring Requirements. Past, current, and probable future projects in the vicinity of the project site were reviewed to determine if any additional cumulative impacts may occur with the approval of this project. A two mile radius was used in determining cumulative impacts. No additional cumulative impacts were discovered. c.) Less than significant impact with mitigation incorporated. There have been no impacts discovered through the review of this application demonstrating that there would be substantial adverse effects on human beings either directly or indirectly. However, the proposed project has the potential to cause both temporary and future impacts to the area by project-related impacts relating to air, noise and cultural resources. With implementation of mitigation measures included in this Initial Study, these impacts would be effectively mitigated to a less than significant level. 5.0 Mitigation Measures and Monitoring Requirements Mitigation Measure #1 – (Construction Emissions) The following best practice measures to reduce impacts to air quality shall be incorporated by the project applicant, subject property owners, or third-party contractors during construction activities on the project site. These measures are intended to reduce criteria air pollutants that may originate from the site during the course of land clearing and other construction operations. Diesel PM Exhaust from Construction Equipment and Commercial On-Road Vehicles Greater than 10,000 Pounds  All on- and off-road equipment shall not idle for more than five minutes. Signs shall be posted in the designated queuing areas and/or job sites to remind drivers and operators of the five minute idling limit.  Idling, staging and queuing of diesel equipment within 1,000 feet of sensitive receptors is prohibited.  All construction equipment shall be maintained in proper tune according to the manufacturer’s specifications. Equipment must be checked by a certified mechanic and determined to be running in proper condition before the start of work.  Install diesel particulate filters or implement other CARB-verified diesel emission control strategies. Project Name: Verizon Wireless-Forest Ranch Baptist Church Conditional Use Permit, File # UP15-0001 ■ Butte County Department of Development Services ■ ■ Initial Study – UP15-0001 (Verizon Wireless-Forest Ranch Baptist Church) ■ Page 42 of 45 ■  Shall not operate a diesel-fueled auxiliary power system (APS) to power a heater, air conditioner, or any ancillary equipment on that vehicle during sleeping or resting in a sleeper berth for greater than 5 minutes at any location when within 100 feet of a restricted areas.  To the extent feasible, truck trips shall be scheduled during non-peak hours to reduce perk hour emissions. Operational TAC Emissions  All mobile and stationary Toxic Air Contaminants (TACs) sources shall comply with applicable Airborne Toxic Control Measures (ATCMs) promulgated by the CARB throughout the life of the project (see http:www.arb.ca.gov/toxics/atcm/atcm.htm).  Stationary sources shall comply with applicable District rules and regulations. Fugitive Dust Construction activities can generate fugitive dust that can be a nuisance to local residents and businesses near a construction site. Dust complaints could result in a violation of the District’s “Nuisance” and “Fugitive Dust” Rules 200 and 205, respectively. The following is a list of measures that may be required throughout the duration of the construction activities:  Reduce the amount of the disturbed area where possible.  Use of water trucks or sprinkler systems in sufficient quantities to prevent airborne dust from leaving the site. An adequate water supply source must be identified. Increased watering frequency would be required whenever wind speeds exceed 15 mph. Reclaimed (non-potable) water should be used whenever possible.  All dirt stockpile areas should be sprayed daily as needed, covered, or a District approved alternative method will be used.  Permanent dust control measures identified in the approved project revegetation and landscape plans should be implemented as soon as possible following completion of any soil disturbing activities.  Exposed ground areas that will be reworked at dates greater than one month after initial grading should be sown with a fast-germinating non-invasive grass seed and watered until vegetation is established.  All disturbed soil areas not subject to re-vegetation should be stabilized using approved chemical soil binders, jute netting, or other methods approved in advance by the Butte County Air Quality Management District.  All roadways, driveways, sidewalks, etc. to be paved should be completed as soon as possible. In addition, building pads should be laid as soon as possible after grading unless seeding or soil binders are used.  Vehicle speed for all construction vehicles shall not exceed 15 mph on any unpaved surface at the construction site.  All trucks hauling dirt, sand, soil, or other loose materials are to be covered or should maintain at least two feet of freeboard (minimum vertical distance between top of load and top of trailer) in accordance with local regulations.  Install wheel washers where vehicles enter and exit unpaved roads onto streets, or wash off trucks and equipment leaving the site.  Sweep streets at the end of each day if visible soil material is carried onto adjacent paved roads. Water sweepers with reclaimed water should be used where feasible.  Post a sign in prominent location visible to the public with the telephone numbers of the contractor and the Butte County Air Quality Management District - (530) 332-9400 for any questions or concerns about dust from the project. All fugitive dust mitigation measures required should be shown on grading and building plans. In addition, the contractor or builder should designate a person or persons to monitor the dust control program and to order increased watering, as necessary, to prevent transport of dust offsite. Their duties shall include holidays and weekend period when work may not be in progress. The name and telephone number of such persons shall be provided to the District prior to land use clearance for map recordation and finished grading of the area. Please note that violations of District Regulations are enforceable under the provisions of California Health and Safety Code Section 42400, which provides for civil or criminal penalties of up to $25,000 per violation. Plan Requirements: Applicable measures shall be adhered to by the applicant, property owners, and third-party contractors during construction activities. Measures shall be noted on grading and building plans. Project Name: Verizon Wireless-Forest Ranch Baptist Church Conditional Use Permit, File # UP15-0001 ■ Butte County Department of Development Services ■ ■ Initial Study – UP15-0001 (Verizon Wireless-Forest Ranch Baptist Church) ■ Page 43 of 45 ■ Timing: Requirements of the condition shall be adhered to throughout all grading and construction periods. Monitoring: Butte County Department of Development Services Mitigation Measure #2 – (Cultural Resources) Should grading activities reveal the presence of prehistoric or historic cultural resources (i.e. artifact concentrations, including arrowheads and other stone tools or chipping debris, cans glass, etc.; structural remains; human skeletal remains) work within 50 feet of the find shall immediately cease until a qualified professional archaeologist can be consulted to evaluate the find and implement appropriate mitigation procedures. Should human skeletal remains be encountered, State law requires immediate notification of the County Coroner ((530) 538-6579). Should the County Coroner determine that the remains are in an archaeological context, the Native American Heritage Commission in Sacramento shall be notified immediately, pursuant to State Law, to arrange for Native American participation in determining the disposition of such remains. Plan Requirements: Should cultural resources be discovered, the project proponent shall notify the Planning Division and a professional archaeologist. The Planning Division shall coordinate with the developer and appropriate authorities to avoid damage to cultural resources and determine appropriate action. Timing: This measures shall be implemented during construction activities, including land clearing, road construction, utility installation, and site development. Monitoring: Butte County Department of Development Services Mitigation Measure #3 – (Noise Reduction) The project applicant shall perform the following measures at the time of development: (1) Installation of the proposed project generator, Generac Industrial Power Systems Model SD030, shall occur with the optional Level 2 Acoustic Enclosure that results in the referenced noise level of 68 dB at 23 feet; (2a) Construct an 8-foot tall solid noise barrier, that consist of either masonry or precast concrete panels, on the three sides of the facility directed towards the residential property located east of the project site, or (2b) Increase the proposed chain link fence height from 6 to 8 feet and line the facility with an acoustical curtain (vinyl) product with a minimum STC (Sound Transmission Class) rating of 28 on the three sides of the facility directed towards the residential property located east of the project site. Plan Requirements: Installation of the generator shall include the optional Level 2 Acoustic Enclosure. The outer perimeter of the facility shall be constructed with an 8-foot tall solid noise barrier, or increase the height of the chain- link fence and install an acoustical curtain product with a minimum STC rating of 28. Timing: The selected sound barrier measure shall be shown on buildings plans submitted to the Butte County Development Services Department, and constructed prior to finaling of the building permit. Prior to issuance of a Building Permit for the installation of the proposed generator, building plans shall include a Level 2 Acoustic Enclosure. Monitoring: The Butte County Department of Development Services shall review building plans for the facility and generator to ensure mitigation requirements have been met. Building inspectors shall spot check and shall ensure compliance on-site. 6.0 Environmental Reference Material 1. Bollard Acoustical Consultants, Inc. Environmental Noise Analysis – Forest Ranch Cellular Facility, Butte County, California. January 2, 2015. 2. Butte County Association of Governments. Butte Regional Conservation Plan, First Administrative Draft. Accessed December 27, 2013. (available at http://www.buttehcp.com/BRCP-Documents/1st-Admin-Draft- BRCP/index.html) 3. Butte County. Butte County Airport Land Use Compatibility Plan. Butte County Airport Land Use Commission. December 20, 2000. 4. Butte County. Butte County Climate Action Plan. February 25, 2014. Available at http://www.buttecap.net/. Project Name: Verizon Wireless-Forest Ranch Baptist Church Conditional Use Permit, File # UP15-0001 ■ Butte County Department of Development Services ■ ■ Initial Study – UP15-0001 (Verizon Wireless-Forest Ranch Baptist Church) ■ Page 44 of 45 ■ 5. Butte County. Butte County General Plan 2030 Final Environmental Impact Report. April 8, 2010. Available at http://www.buttegeneralplan.net/products/2010-08-30_FEIR/default.asp. 6. Butte County. Butte County General Plan 2030. October 26, 2010. Available at http://www.buttegeneralplan.net/products/2010-10-26_GP2030/Butte_County_General_Plan.pdf 7. Butte County. Butte County General Plan 2030 Setting and Trends Report Public Draft. August 2, 2007. Available at http://www.buttegeneralplan.net/products/SettingandTrends/default.asp. 8. Butte County. Butte County Code of Ordinances, Chapters 19, 20, 24 & 41A. Accessed February 2015. Available at https://www.municode.com/library/ca/butte_county/codes/code_of_ordinances/ 9. Butte County. Butte County Department of Development Services GIS Data. March 2015. 10. Butte County. Butte County Bicycle Plan. June 14, 2011. Available at http://www.buttecounty.net/publicworks/Services/CountyBikewayMasterPlan.aspx. 11. Butte County Air Quality Management District. CEQA Air Quality Handbook – Guidelines for Assessing Air Quality and Greenhouse Gas Impacts for Projects Subject to CEQA Review. October 23, 2014. 12. California Department of Conservation. Fault-Rupture Hazard Zones in California. Alquist-Priolo Earthquake Fault Zoning Act with Index to Earthquake Fault Zone Maps. Special Publication 42. Interim Revision. 2007. 13. California Department of Conservation, Division of Land Resource Protection. A Guide to the Farmland Mapping and Monitoring Program. 2004. 14. California Department of Toxic Substance Control. 2009. Envirostor Database. Accessed on February 2015. http://www.envirostor.dtsc.ca.gov/public. 15. CalRecycle. California’s 2013 Per Capita Disposal Rate. Accessed March 2015. 16. Federal Communications Commission Office of Engineering & Technology. Evaluating Compliance with FCC Guidelines for Human Exposure to Radiofrequency Electromagnetic Fields. OET Bulletin 54, Edition 97-01. August 1997. 17. U.S. Census Bureau. Annual Estimates of the Resident Population – 2012 Population Estimates for Butte County, California. March 5, 2013. 18. U.S. Census Bureau. Profile of General Population and Housing Characteristics – 2010. Butte County, California. March 5, 2013. APPENDIX A APPENDIX A APPENDIX A Climate Action Plan Implementation and Monitoring Tool Development Checklist for Telecommunication Facilities Project Summary 1. What is the size of the project (in acres?) 2. What types of land uses are included in the project? Check all that apply: Single-family residences Multi-family residences Retail commercial Office commercial Industrial Other (please describe)Telecommunication Facility 3. If there is a residential component to the project, how many units are being proposed? Single-family residences Multi-family residences 4. Does the project require any amendments to the General Plan or Specific Plans? If so, please describe. Note: If the project does not require General Plan or Specific Plan amendments, GHG emissions from the project may be consistent with the CAP by demonstrating consistency with the CAP policies in the checklist on the following pages. The project may be able to rely on the CAP’s environmental findings for the purposes of GHG emissions and climate change, rather than identifying separate project-level emissions. The information in this checklist should be incorporated into the project’s initial study, negative declaration/mitigated negative declaration, environmental impact report, and/or project conditions of approval. Should the project require any General Plan or Specific Plan amendments, the project’s impact on the county may exceed the assumptions in the CAP’s 2020 forecast, potentially triggering additional emissions not included in the CAP’s GHG forecast. Projects that are inconsistent with the 2020 forecasts may still use the CAP for identification of measures and standards for mitigations, but it is recommended that the project identify separate project-level emissions using California Emissions Estimator Model (CalEEMod) or another tool. 3.87 acres Verizon Wireless -Forest Ranch Baptist Church Telecommunication Facility Conditional Use Permit (UP15-0001). Proposed Conditional Use Permit to construct a wireless telecommunication facility that includes a 125-foot tall monopine tower situated within a 40-ft. x 40-ft. (1,600 sq. ft.) lease area. N/A N/A No. Consistency with CAP Measures The CAP provides measures that achieve a 15% reduction below 2006 emissions levels by 2020. Projects that wish to demonstrate consistency with the CAP must demonstrate consistency with all applicable measures and action items from the CAP. Consistency with all applicable measures should be cited as evidence to support streamlining from the CAP. CAP measures that regulate new master-planned developments are provided below. These are minimum standards that are necessary for CAP consistency. Using the table, identify the project's compliance with applicable CAP measures. If a project demonstrates consistency with all applicable standards, the project is APPENDIX B Standards for CAP Consistency - New Development Yes Additional notes: No N/A kW Yes What type of system? No N/A Additional notes: Yes kWh No N/A % Additional notes: Yes No N/A Yes No N/A Yes No Additional notes: N/A Yes No N/A Additional notes: F1: Nonresidential developments: Encourage public electric vehicle prewiring or conduit. If yes, how many spaces are Zero Remote location, not feasible. F1: Residential developments: Infrastructure support the use of neighborhood electric vehicles (NEVs). Examples: speed limits no higher than 35 mph, NEV/bike-only traffic lanes, and signage alerting drivers to the presence of NEVs. If yes, what type of measure does the project use? EN9: New nonresidential development: Encourage prewire for solar PV systems and maximize roof space to accommodate future rooftop solar installations. Is the project prewired for solar PV systems? Yes No Please explain other Less than 10,000 sq. ft. Reduction Measure and Applicable Standard Compliance Notes and Comments EN8: Multi-family developments: Offset electricity use by power purchase agreements or with on-site solar. How much electricity will be offset? What percent of residential electricity will be offset? EN8: New discretionary projects: Encourage prewire for solar PV systems. Is the project prewired for solar PV systems? Yes No Additional notes: PV prewiring not feasible. EN8: New discretionary developments consisting of more than 500 residential units: achieve zero net energy through a combination of energy efficiency and renewable energy measures (i.e., on average, the project will generate more electricity on-site each year than it will use). How much renewable energy will be generated on- Solar photovoltaic Solar water heater Other Reduction Measure and Applicable Standard Does the Project Comply? Notes and Comments EN7: Nonresidential buildings: Achieve CALGreen Tier 1 standards for energy efficiency, water conservation, and passive design.Compliance at time of development. standards that are necessary for CAP consistency. Using the table, identify the project's compliance with applicable CAP measures. If a project demonstrates consistency with all applicable standards, the project is eligible to claim consistency with CAP measures and is eligible for CAP streamlining. Additional measures from the CAP may also be recommended. APPENDIX B Yes No N/A Additional notes: Yes No units N/A Additional notes: Reduction Measure and Applicable Standard Applicability Notes F2: Construction of new development: Use clean or alternative fuel equipment (e.g., electricity, natural gas, hybrid, etc.); or Limit the maximum idling time for all construction equipment to three minutes or less. If yes, what type of measure Both measures to be required at time of building F3: Residential units: Contain electric vehicle charging outlets on external walls or in garages. If yes, how many units will have chargers? Use of clean or alternative fuel equipment where possible and limiting idling times for construction equipment to five minutes is achieved with implementation of MM#1. Construction of the facility will be reviewed for compliance with CALGreen Tier 1 (Title 24) standards during building permit review. EN7: Nonresidential buildings: Achieve CALGreen Tier 1 standards for energy efficiency, water conservation, and passive design. Applicable non-residential CalGreen measures will be applied at the time of construction. F2: Construction of new development: Use clean or alternative fuel equipment (e.g., electricity, natural gas, hybrid, etc.); or Limit the maximum idling time for all construction equipment to three minutes or less. Construction activities will be monitored by construction personnel or the property owner to ensure construction equipment idling is limited to 3 minutes. If available, construction equipment with alternative fuel or clean fuel would be used during construction activities. Additional Recommended CAP Measures This list includes additional measures and actions identified in the CAP that are not directly applicable to master-planned developments but may be relevant to a project of this type. These measures should be included in the project design as feasible. 2729 Prospect Park Drive Rancho Cordova, CA 95670 APPENDIX B Verizon Wireless • Proposed Base Station (Site No. 249704 “Forest Ranch”) 4955 Schott Road • Forest Ranch, California A0DH Page 1 of 3 Statement of Hammett & Edison, Inc., Consulting Engineers The firm of Hammett & Edison, Inc., Consulting Engineers, has been retained on behalf of Verizon Wireless, a personal wireless telecommunications carrier, to evaluate the base station (Site No. 249704 “Forest Ranch”) proposed to be located at 4955 Schott Road in Forest Ranch, California, for compliance with appropriate guidelines limiting human exposure to radio frequency (“RF”) electromagnetic fields. Executive Summary Verizon proposes to install directional panel antennas on a new tall pole, configured to resemble a pine tree, to be sited at 4955 Schott Road in Forest Ranch. The proposed operation will comply with the FCC guidelines limiting public exposure to RF energy. Prevailing Exposure Standards The U.S. Congress requires that the Federal Communications Commission (“FCC”) evaluate its actions for possible significant impact on the environment. A summary of the FCC’s exposure limits is shown in Figure 1. These limits apply for continuous exposures and are intended to provide a prudent margin of safety for all persons, regardless of age, gender, size, or health. The most restrictive FCC limit for exposures of unlimited duration to radio frequency energy for several personal wireless services are as follows: Wireless Service Frequency Band Occupational Limit Public Limit Microwave (Point-to-Point) 5–80 GHz 5.00 mW/cm2 1.00 mW/cm2 WiFi (and unlicensed uses) 2–6 5.00 1.00 BRS (Broadband Radio) 2,600 MHz 5.00 1.00 WCS (Wireless Communication) 2,300 5.00 1.00 AWS (Advanced Wireless) 2,100 5.00 1.00 PCS (Personal Communication) 1,950 5.00 1.00 Cellular 870 2.90 0.58 SMR (Specialized Mobile Radio) 855 2.85 0.57 700 MHz 700 2.40 0.48 [most restrictive frequency range] 30–300 1.00 0.20 General Facility Requirements Base stations typically consist of two distinct parts: the electronic transceivers (also called “radios” or “channels”) that are connected to the traditional wired telephone lines, and the passive antennas that send the wireless signals created by the radios out to be received by individual subscriber units. The transceivers are often located at ground level and are connected to the antennas by coaxial cables. A APPENDIX C Verizon Wireless • Proposed Base Station (Site No. 249704 “Forest Ranch”) 4955 Schott Road • Forest Ranch, California A0DH Page 2 of 3 small antenna for reception of GPS signals is also required, mounted with a clear view of the sky. Because of the short wavelength of the frequencies assigned by the FCC for wireless services, the antennas require line-of-sight paths for their signals to propagate well and so are installed at some height above ground. The antennas are designed to concentrate their energy toward the horizon, with very little energy wasted toward the sky or the ground. This means that it is generally not possible for exposure conditions to approach the maximum permissible exposure limits without being physically very near the antennas. Computer Modeling Method The FCC provides direction for determining compliance in its Office of Engineering and Technology Bulletin No. 65, “Evaluating Compliance with FCC-Specified Guidelines for Human Exposure to Radio Frequency Radiation,” dated August 1997. Figure 2 attached describes the calculation methodologies, reflecting the facts that a directional antenna’s radiation pattern is not fully formed at locations very close by (the “near-field” effect) and that at greater distances the power level from an energy source decreases with the square of the distance from it (the “inverse square law”). The conservative nature of this method for evaluating exposure conditions has been verified by numerous field tests. Site and Facility Description Based upon information provided by Verizon, including drawings by MST Architects, Inc., dated March 11, 2015, it is proposed to install eight Andrew Model SBNHH-1D65B directional panel antennas on a new 113-foot pole, configured to resemble a pine tree, to be installed north of the Forest Ranch Baptist Church, located at 4955 Schott Road in Forest Ranch. The antennas would be mounted with up to 2° downtilt at an effective height of about 110 feet above ground and would be oriented in pairs toward 30°T, 125°T, 220°T, and 305°T. The maximum effective radiated power in any direction would be 6,010 watts, representing simultaneous operation at 2,420 watts for AWS, 1,970 watts for cellular, and 1,620 watts for 700 MHz service; no operation on PCS frequencies is presently proposed from this site. There are reported no other wireless telecommunications base stations at the site or nearby. Study Results For a person anywhere at ground, the maximum RF exposure level due to the proposed Verizon operation is calculated to be 0.0020 mW/cm2, which is 0.34% of the applicable public exposure limit. The maximum calculated level at any nearby building* is 0.22% of the public exposure limit. It * Located at least 120 feet away, based on photographs from Google Maps. APPENDIX C Verizon Wireless • Proposed Base Station (Site No. 249704 “Forest Ranch”) 4955 Schott Road • Forest Ranch, California A0DH Page 3 of 3 should be noted that these results include several “worst-case” assumptions and therefore are expected to overstate actual power density levels from the proposed operation. No Recommended Mitigation Measures Due to their mounting locations, the Verizon antennas would not be accessible to the general public, and so no mitigation measures are necessary to comply with the FCC public exposure guidelines. It is presumed that Verizon will, as an FCC licensee, take adequate steps to ensure that its employees or contractors receive appropriate training and comply with FCC occupational exposure guidelines whenever work is required near the antennas themselves. Conclusion Based on the information and analysis above, it is the undersigned’s professional opinion that operation of the base station proposed by Verizon Wireless at 4955 Schott Road in Forest Ranch, California, will comply with the prevailing standards for limiting public exposure to radio frequency energy and, therefore, will not for this reason cause a significant impact on the environment. The highest calculated level in publicly accessible areas is much less than the prevailing standards allow for exposures of unlimited duration. This finding is consistent with measurements of actual exposure conditions taken at other operating base stations. Authorship The undersigned author of this statement is a qualified Professional Engineer, holding California Registration No. E-18063, which expires on June 30, 2015. This work has been carried out under his direction, and all statements are true and correct of his own knowledge except, where noted, when data has been supplied by others, which data he believes to be correct. _________________________________ Rajat Mathur, P.E. 707/996-5200 April 3, 2015 APPENDIX C FCC Radio Frequency Protection Guide FCC Guidelines Figure 1 Frequency (MHz) 1000 100 10 1 0.1 0.1110100 103 104 105 Occupational Exposure Public Exposure PCS CellFM Po w e r De n s i t y (m W / c m 2) The U.S. Congress required (1996 Telecom Act) the Federal Communications Commission (“FCC”) to adopt a nationwide human exposure standard to ensure that its licensees do not, cumulatively, have a significant impact on the environment. The FCC adopted the limits from Report No. 86, “Biological Effects and Exposure Criteria for Radiofrequency Electromagnetic Fields,” published in 1986 by the Congressionally chartered National Council on Radiation Protection and Measurements (“NCRP”). Separate limits apply for occupational and public exposure conditions, with the latter limits generally five times more restrictive. The more recent standard, developed by the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers and approved as American National Standard ANSI/IEEE C95.1-2006, “Safety Levels with Respect to Human Exposure to Radio Frequency Electromagnetic Fields, 3 kHz to 300 GHz,” includes similar limits. These limits apply for continuous exposures from all sources and are intended to provide a prudent margin of safety for all persons, regardless of age, gender, size, or health. As shown in the table and chart below, separate limits apply for occupational and public exposure conditions, with the latter limits (in italics and/or dashed) up to five times more restrictive: Frequency Electromagnetic Fields (f is frequency of emission in MHz) Applicable Range (MHz) Electric Field Strength (V/m) Magnetic Field Strength (A/m) Equivalent Far-Field Power Density (mW/cm2) 0.3 –1.34 614 614 1.63 1.63 100 100 1.34 –3.0 614 823.8/ f 1.63 2.19/ f 100 180/ f2 3.0 –30 1842/ f 823.8/ f 4.89/ f 2.19/ f 900/ f2 180/ f2 30 –300 61.4 27.5 0.163 0.0729 1.0 0.2 300 –1,500 3.54 f 1.59 f f /106 f /238 f/300 f/1500 1,500 –100,000137 61.4 0.364 0.163 5.0 1.0 Higher levels are allowed for short periods of time, such that total exposure levels averaged over six or thirty minutes, for occupational or public settings, respectively, do not exceed the limits, and higher levels also are allowed for exposures to small areas, such that the spatially averaged levels do not exceed the limits. However, neither of these allowances is incorporated in the conservative calculation formulas in the FCC Office of Engineering and Technology Bulletin No. 65 (August 1997) for projecting field levels. Hammett & Edison has built those formulas into a proprietary program that calculates, at each location on an arbitrary rectangular grid, the total expected power density from any number of individual radio sources. The program allows for the description of buildings and uneven terrain, if required to obtain more accurate projections. APPENDIX C RFR.CALC™ Calculation Methodology Assessment by Calculation of Compliance with FCC Exposure Guidelines Methodology Figure 2 The U.S. Congress required (1996 Telecom Act) the Federal Communications Commission (“FCC”) to adopt a nationwide human exposure standard to ensure that its licensees do not, cumulatively, have a significant impact on the environment. The maximum permissible exposure limits adopted by the FCC (see Figure 1) apply for continuous exposures from all sources and are intended to provide a prudent margin of safety for all persons, regardless of age, gender, size, or health. Higher levels are allowed for short periods of time, such that total exposure levels averaged over six or thirty minutes, for occupational or public settings, respectively, do not exceed the limits. Near Field. Prediction methods have been developed for the near field zone of panel (directional) and whip (omnidirectional) antennas, typical at wireless telecommunications base stations, as well as dish (aperture) antennas, typically used for microwave links. The antenna patterns are not fully formed in the near field at these antennas, and the FCC Office of Engineering and Technology Bulletin No. 65 (August 1997) gives suitable formulas for calculating power density within such zones. For a panel or whip antenna, power density S = 180 BW 0.1 Pnet D2 h , in mW/cm2, and for an aperture antenna, maximum power density Smax = 0.1 16 Pnet h2 , in mW/cm2, where BW = half-power beamwidth of the antenna, in degrees, and Pnet = net power input to the antenna, in watts, D= distance from antenna, in meters, h= aperture height of the antenna, in meters, and = aperture efficiency (unitless, typically 0.5-0.8). The factor of 0.1 in the numerators converts to the desired units of power density. Far Field. OET-65 gives this formula for calculating power density in the far field of an individual RF source: power density S = 2.56 1.64 100 RFF2 ERP 4 D2 , in mW/cm2, where ERP= total ERP (all polarizations), in kilowatts, RFF= relative field factor at the direction to the actual point of calculation, and D= distance from the center of radiation to the point of calculation, in meters. The factor of 2.56 accounts for the increase in power density due to ground reflection, assuming a reflection coefficient of 1.6 (1.6 x 1.6 = 2.56). The factor of 1.64 is the gain of a half-wave dipole relative to an isotropic radiator. The factor of 100 in the numerator converts to the desired units of power density. This formula has been built into a proprietary program that calculates, at each location on an arbitrary rectangular grid, the total expected power density from any number of individual radiation sources. The program also allows for the description of uneven terrain in the vicinity, to obtain more accurate projections. APPENDIX C APPENDIX D APPENDIX D APPENDIX D APPENDIX D APPENDIX D APPENDIX D APPENDIX D APPENDIX D APPENDIX D APPENDIX D APPENDIX D